Editing Dual-mode bus

{{Short description|Bus that can operate from two fuel sources}}
{{About|buses that can operate from two independent fuel sources|other hybrid technologies|Hybrid electric bus|and|Fuel cell bus|vehicles for two infrastructure types|Dual-mode vehicle}}
[[Image:MBTA Silver Line bus 1132.jpg|thumb|Boston [[Neoplan USA|Neoplan]] DMA-460LF dual-mode trolleybus, operating in diesel mode (with its [[trolley pole]]s lowered)]]
A '''dual-mode bus''' is a [[bus]] that can run independently on power from two different sources, typically electricity from [[overhead lines]] like a [[trolleybus]] or from [[Electric battery|batteries]] like a [[hybrid bus]], alternated with conventional [[fossil fuel]] (generally [[diesel fuel]]). In contrast to other hybrid buses, dual-mode buses can run forever exclusively on their electric power source (wires). Several of the examples listed below involve the use of dual-mode buses to travel through a tunnel on electric overhead power.

Many modern trolleybuses are equipped with auxiliary propulsion systems, either using a small [[diesel engine]] or battery power, allowing movement away from the overhead wires, called "off-wire" movement, but such vehicles are generally not considered to be dual-mode buses if their off-wire capability is very limited.  Examples include the fleet of about 300 trolleybuses in [[San Francisco]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Trolley Buses |url=http://www.sfmta.com/cms/mfleet/trolley.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111218092119/http://www.sfmta.com/cms/mfleet/trolley.htm |archive-date=2011-12-18 |access-date=2009-12-15 |website=[[San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency|San Francisco MTA]]}}</ref> and the trolleybuses used on a 2005-opened system in [[Rome]], Italy,<ref name="juts2009roma">Webb, Mary (ed.) (2009). ''Jane's Urban Transport Systems 2009-2010'', p. 195. Coulsdon (UK): [[Jane's Information Group]]. {{ISBN|978-0-7106-2903-6}}.</ref> which are capable of running on battery power only for short distances or short periods of time before needing recharging. The Rome vehicles are powered from overhead trolley wires over most of the 11.5-km route and only use battery power on the 500-metre section closest to the city centre.<ref name="juts2009roma"/> Dual mode trolleybuses in a number of Chinese cities can operate significant distances (8 to 10&nbsp;km) off-wire on battery power.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Luan |first=Xiaona 栾晓娜 |date=2014-06-26 |script-title=zh:上海无轨电车"复兴":全换成新型辫子车 车辆增加两倍 |url=http://sh.eastday.com/m/20140626/u1a8178158.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011233240/http://sh.eastday.com/m/20140626/u1a8178158.html |archive-date=2017-10-11 |access-date=2017-10-11 |language=zh |script-website=zh:东方网}}</ref>

==Examples==
[[File:Breda dual-mode bus at Westlake station in Downtown Seattle Transit Tunnel, 9-17-1990.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Downtown Seattle Transit Tunnel]] was served exclusively by dual-mode buses from its opening in 1990 until 2004.]]
[[File:Trolleybus Bimode ex-Lausannois n°808, En Roumanie.jpg|thumb|right|A dual-mode bus in Ploiești, Romania, 2010.]]
{{inc-transport|date=August 2008}}
* [[Beijing]], [[China]] uses a fleet of over 1,250 dual-mode trolleybuses for its [[Beijing Bus|trolleybus network]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-01-15 |script-title=zh:北京多措并举治理PM2.5 一微克一微克往下抠 |language=zh |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/local/2020-01/15/c_1125462807.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=2020-03-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200116183217/http://www.xinhuanet.com/local/2020-01/15/c_1125462807.htm |archive-date=2020-01-16 |script-work=zh:新华网}}</ref>
* [[Bergen, Norway]] features dual-mode MAN-Neoplan buses in the [[Bergen trolleybus]] system
* [[MBTA bus|Boston]], Massachusetts, USA installed dual-mode Neoplan DMA-460LF buses on the Waterfront portion of its [[Silver Line (MBTA)|Silver Line]] in 2005 and removed in 2023.  Electric power was required in the exclusive right of way that runs in a tunnel under [[Fort Point Channel]] to [[South Station (subway)|South Station]]; [[diesel engine|diesel]] power was used to run on city streets and highways, including the [[Ted Williams Tunnel]] to [[Logan Airport]]
* [[San Francisco]], [[California]] [[San Francisco Municipal Railway|MUNI]]'s [[30 Stockton]] uses battery power on a short section of the route, and trolleybus power on the rest of it.
* [[Castellón de la Plana]], Spain installed a new trolleybus line that went into operation 25 June 2008.<ref name="dave_chick">{{Cite web |last=Chick |first=Dave |title=Castellon |url=http://www.sandtoft.org/bts/Articles/castellon.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106011908/http://www.sandtoft.org/bts/Articles/castellon.htm |archive-date=January 6, 2009 |access-date=2009-01-10 |website=British Trolleybus Society}}</ref><ref name="Castellón_Photos">{{Cite web |date=18 December 2008 |title=Castellón-de-la-Playa (sic) Trolleybus Photos |url=http://members.shaw.ca/synt/Castellon-photos.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212104914/http://members.shaw.ca/synt/Castellon-photos.htm |archive-date=2009-02-12 |access-date=2009-01-10 |website=members.shaw.ca/synt}}</ref>  The [[Iveco Bus|Irisbus]] Civis vehicles are optically guided and are capable of switching to diesel engine power for turning in front of the Parque Ribalta.<ref name="innov">{{Cite web |date=2008-07-07 |title=A First in Spain: Optiguide for Castellon's Trolleybus Line |url=http://www.innovations-report.com/html/reports/logistics/report-113808.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090218092415/http://www.innovations-report.com/html/reports/logistics/report-113808.html |archive-date=2009-02-18 |access-date=2009-01-11 |website=Innovations Report}}</ref><ref name="shaw_note">{{Cite web |date=3 July 2008 |title=Castellón de la playa notes |url=http://members.shaw.ca/synt/Castellon-Notes.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212104840/http://members.shaw.ca/synt/Castellon-Notes.htm |archive-date=2009-02-12 |access-date=2009-01-10 |website=members.shaw.ca/synt}}</ref>
* [[King County Metro|Seattle, Washington]], USA used 236 dual-mode Breda ETB buses in its [[Downtown Seattle Transit Tunnel|downtown bus tunnel]] from 1990 until late 2004, when the fleet of dual-mode buses were retired, except for 59 converted to [[trolleybus|electric-only]] service<ref name="metro_breda">{{Cite web |title=Retired - Breda 5000 Dual-Mode Bus |url=http://metro.kingcounty.gov/am/vehicles/retired/breda.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528061807/http://metro.kingcounty.gov/am/vehicles/retired/breda.html |archive-date=2010-05-28 |access-date=2009-12-04 |website=Metro Online}}</ref><ref name="metro_breda_trolley">{{Cite web |title=Breda Articulated Trolley Bus |url=http://metro.kingcounty.gov/am/vehicles/breda-trolley.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007004603/http://metro.kingcounty.gov/am/vehicles/breda-trolley.html |archive-date=2014-10-07 |access-date=2009-12-04 |website=King County}}</ref> and were replaced in the tunnel by [[hybrid electric bus|hybrid diesel-electric buses]].
*[[Shanghai]], [[China]] uses a fleet of over 300 dual-mode trolleybuses for its [[Trolleybuses in Shanghai|network]].<ref name=":0" />
* [[Ploiești]], [[Romania]] features ex-Lausanne Neoplan N6121 dual-mode buses in the Ploiești trolleybus system.
* [[São Paulo]], [[Brazil]] also has a dual bus that operates in the [[Jabaquara (district of São Paulo)|Jabaquara]] district, in the south zone. One of these is a Superarticulated Bus that operates in the [[São Mateus–Jabaquara Metropolitan Corridor|Corredor ABD]].
* [[Gdynia]] and [[Lublin]], both [[Poland]] have the dual-mode buses running as part of their [[Trolleybuses in Gdynia|trolleybus]] [[Trolleybuses in Lublin|networks]], in case of Gdynia, their (PKT's) duobuses are [[Solaris Trollino|Solaris Trollinos]] and [[Mercedes-Benz Citaro|Mercedes Citaros]] (which were converted into trolleybuses in 2012). Both of these types, unlike typical dual-mode buses, are trolleybus and [[electric bus]] hybrids.

==See also==
{{Div col}}
* [[Diesel-electric transmission]]
* [[Dual-mode vehicle]]
* [[Electric bus]]
* [[Electric vehicle battery]]
* [[Electro-diesel locomotive]], locomotive equivalent.
* [[Guided bus]]
* [[List of buses]]
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category-inline|Dual-mode buses}}

{{Buses}}

[[Category:Buses by type]]

[[ja:バス (交通機関)#その他の特殊なバス]]