Editing Duke of Cornwall

{{short description|Title in the Peerage of England}}
{{for-multi|the British heir apparent's estate|Duchy of Cornwall|the steamship|SS Duke of Cornwall{{!}}SS ''Duke of Cornwall''|the Shakespearean character|King Lear{{!}}''King Lear''}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2013}}
{{Infobox nobility title
| name               = Dukedom of Cornwall
| image             = [[File:Arms of the Duchy of Cornwall.svg|80px]] 
| image_size        =  
| alt               =  
| caption           = [[Duke of Cornwall#Arms|Arms of the Duke of Cornwall]]
| creation_date     = {{plainlist|
*1337 <small>(first creation)</small>
*1376 <small>(second creation)</small>
*1460 <small>(third creation)</small>}} 
| creation          =  
| monarch           = {{plainlist|
*[[Edward III of England|Edward III]] <small>(first creation)</small>
*[[Edward III of England|Edward III]]  <small>(second creation)</small>
*[[Henry VI of England|Henry VI]] <small>(third creation)</small>}} 
| peerage           = [[Peerage of England]] 
| baronetage        =  
| first_holder      = [[Edward the Black Prince|Edward of Woodstock]] 
| last_holder       =  
| present_holder    = [[William, Prince of Wales]] 
| remainder_to      =  
| subsidiary_titles =  
| status            =  
| extinction_date   = {{plainlist|
*1377 <small>(second creation)</small>
*1460 <small>(third creation)</small>}} 
| former_seat       = [[Restormel Castle]] 
| motto             = {{langx|gml|Houmout||High-spirited}}
| footnotes         =  
}}

'''Duke of Cornwall''' ({{langx|kw|Duk a Gernow}})<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cornwallforever.co.uk/history/the-duchy-of-cornwall-is-established |title=The Duchy of Cornwall is established |website=cornwallforever.co.uk}}</ref> is a title in the [[Peerage of England]], traditionally held by the eldest son of the reigning [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|British monarch]], previously the English monarch. The [[Duchy of Cornwall]] was the first [[duchy]] created in England and was established in a [[royal charter]] in 1337 by [[King Edward III]].<ref name="Charter">{{Cite web |url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/aep/Edw3/11/0 |title=A Charter of 1337}} at legislation.co.uk</ref> In 2022, [[William, Prince of Wales|Prince William]] became Duke of Cornwall with the accession to the throne of his father, King [[Charles III]]; William's wife, [[Catherine, Princess of Wales|Catherine]], became [[Duchess of Cornwall]].

==Legend==
Some folk histories of the British Isles, such as [[Geoffrey of Monmouth]]'s ''[[Historia Regum Britanniae|History of the Kings of Britain]]'' (1136), claim that the first leader of [[Cornwall]] was [[Corineus]], a Trojan warrior and ally of [[Brutus of Troy]], portrayed as the original settler of the British Isles. From then through the Arthurian period, such [[List of legendary rulers of Cornwall|legendary dukes of Cornwall]] stood apart from the [[high king]] of Britain, while serving as his closest ally and, at times, as his protector (all per Monmouth's collected yarns). Notably in this tale, [[Gorlois]], duke of Cornwall under [[Uther Pendragon|King Uther Pendragon]], rebelled when the king became obsessed with Gorlois' wife [[Igraine]]. Uther killed Gorlois and took Igraine: the son was [[King Arthur]].<ref>Lopez, Teresa [https://d.lib.rochester.edu/camelot/text/lopez-uther-and-igraine Uther and Igraine] – The Camelot Project 2002. University of Rochester. Retrieved 23 May 2023.</ref>

==History==
{{History of Cornwall}}The historical record suggests that, following the [[Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain]], Cornwall formed part of a separate [[Dumnonia|Kingdom of Dumnonia]], which included [[Devon]], although there is evidence that it may have had [[List of kings of Dumnonia#Cornish kings|its own rulers]] at times. The Celtic southwest of Britain was gradually conquered by the emerging Germanic [[Kingdom of England]], and after the [[Norman Conquest]] in 1066, the new rulers of England appointed their own men as [[earl of Cornwall]], the first of whom was in fact a [[Bretons|Breton]] of [[Cornouaille]] in [[Brittany]].

[[Edward the Black Prince|Edward of Woodstock]] (widely known as 'The Black Prince'), the eldest son of [[Edward III of England|Edward III]], was made the first duke of Cornwall in 1337, after Edward III claimed the title of [[King of France]].<ref>Blackstone, William (1765-1769) ''Commentaries on the Laws of England'', book 1 [https://lonang.com/library/reference/blackstone-commentaries-law-england/bla-112/ chapter 12]</ref> Cornwall was the first dukedom conferred within the Kingdom of England.<ref name=tcp/>

==Succession==
[[File:Flag of the Duke of Cornwall.svg|alt=|thumb|Standard of the duke]]The charter that established the estate on 17 March 1337 set out the rule that the duke and possessor of the estate would be the eldest son and heir apparent of the monarch.<ref name="Charter"/> There were some deviations from this rule until a legal case (the Prince's Case) in 1606, which held that the rule should be adhered to.<ref name="Case">77 ER 481, 8 Coke Report 1a, [1606] EWHC Ch J6</ref>

When the estate is without a duke, the possessor is the monarch, even if the former duke left surviving descendants.<ref name="Charter"/> The monarch's grandson, even if he is the [[heir apparent]], does not succeed to the dukedom. Similarly, no female may ever be duke of Cornwall, even if she is [[heir presumptive]] or heir apparent (this being a distinct and even likely possibility in the future after the passage of the [[Succession to the Crown Act 2013]]), although a queen regnant without a son would be the de facto duke. However, if a duke of Cornwall should die without descendants (and also no sister between the two brothers if the younger one was born after 28 October 2011),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2013/20/enacted|title=Succession to the Crown Act 2013}}</ref> his next brother obtains the duchy, this brother being both the oldest living son and heir apparent.

It is possible for an individual to be [[prince of Wales]] and heir apparent without being duke of Cornwall. The title 'Prince of Wales' is the traditional title of the heir apparent to the throne, granted at the discretion of the sovereign (not automatically) and is not restricted to the eldest son.

For example, after the death of [[Frederick, Prince of Wales]], [[George II of Great Britain|George II]]'s heir apparent was his grandson George (Frederick's eldest son and the future [[George III]]). The young Prince George was created Prince of Wales but did not become Duke of Cornwall because he was the king's grandson, rather than his son. When the sovereign has no legitimate son, or when the heir apparent is not the sovereign's son, the estates of the duchy revert to the Crown until a legitimate son is born or until the accession of a new monarch who has a son.

[[James Francis Edward Stuart]], son of [[James II of England|James II]], was born Duke of Cornwall in 1688. Although his father lost the throne, James Francis Edward was not deprived of his own titles and honours as a result of his father's deposition. Instead, from the (prevailing) [[House of Hanover|Hanoverian]] perspective, it was as a result of his claiming his father's lost thrones that James was [[attainted]] for treason on 2 March 1702, and his titles were thus forfeited under [[English law]].<ref name=tcp>''[[Complete Peerage]]'': 'Duke of Cornwall'</ref> However, from the (minority) [[Jacobitism|Jacobite]] perspective, on his father's death in 1701 the duchy was merged with the Crown.

==Rights of the duke==
{{main|Duchy of Cornwall}}

The duchy includes over 220 square miles (570 square kilometres) of land, more than half of which lies in [[Devon]]. The duke has the right to the estates of all those who die without named heirs (''[[Unowned property|bona vacantia]]'') in Cornwall, and also appoints the [[High Sheriff of Cornwall]]; in most of England and Wales the Crown has these rights, the other exception being the [[Duchy of Lancaster]], a private estate held in trust for the sovereign. The duke having these rights has contributed to the debate over the [[constitutional status of Cornwall]].

In 2013, the duchy had a revenue surplus of £19 million, a sum that was exempt from [[income tax]], though Prince Charles, the duke, chose to pay the tax voluntarily.<ref>{{cite news| last=Booth | first=Robert | title=Prince Charles accused of 'dodging around for tax purposes' |newspaper=The Guardian|location=London | date=15 July 2013 | url=http://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2013/jul/15/prince-charles-tax-duchy-cornwall }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/moneybeat/2013/07/15/u-k-lawmakers-go-after-tax-affairs-of-the-royal-family/|url-access=subscription |title=U.K. Lawmakers Go After Tax Affairs of the Royal Family |newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=2013-07-15 |first=Ainsley |last=Thomson}}</ref> Until 2011, if there was no duke of Cornwall the income of the duchy went to the Crown. Under the [[Sovereign Grant Act 2011]], revenues of the duchy now pass to the heir to the throne regardless of whether or not they are duke of Cornwall. When the heir is a minor, 10% of revenues pass to them, with the balance passing to the Crown; the Sovereign Grant is reduced by the same amount.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/sovereign-grant-act-2011-guidance/sovereign-grant-act-2011-guidance#duchy-of-Cornwall |website=GOV.UK |title=Sovereign Grant Act 2011: guidance |date=5 November 2019}}</ref>

==Arms==
[[File:Duchy button (plan) (FindID 414502).jpg|thumb|Silver-plated cast copper alloy button with incised coat of arms of the Duke of Cornwall ({{Circa|1775}})]]
{{main|Coat of arms of the Prince of Wales#Arms of the Duchy of Cornwall}}
The [[coat of arms]] of the duke of Cornwall is [[blazon]]ed as ''[[Sable (heraldry)|sable]], fifteen [[bezant]]s'', that is, a black field bearing fifteen golden discs. The arms are now used as a [[Heraldic badge|badge]] by the prince of Wales, and they appear below the shield in his coat of arms, along with his other badges.

The arms were adopted late in the 15th century, based on the arms of [[Richard of Cornwall|Richard, Earl of Cornwall]]. The bezants in Richard's arms were intended to represent peas, known in French as ''pois'', as a punning reference to the French region of [[Poitou]], of which he was count.<ref>{{cite book|first=James|last=Planché|title=The Pursuivant of Arms; or, Heraldry Founded on Facts|date=1859|page=136|publisher=R. Hardwick|url=http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=wu.89097345664;view=1up;seq=162}}</ref>

On 21 June 1968 a [[Warrant (law)#United Kingdom|royal warrant]] augmented the aforementioned arms with the heir apparent's [[coronet]], which consists of four crosses patée and four [[Fleur-de-lis|fleurs-de-lises]] with one arch (used only by the prince of Wales). The [[supporter]]s are two [[Red-billed chough|Cornish choughs]], each supporting an ostrich feather. The [[motto]] used with the arms is {{langx|gml|Houmout}}, meaning "high-spirited" in [[Middle Low German]],<ref name="Langfelt 1950">LANGENFELT, G. (1950). ICH DIEN, 69(Jahresband), 264-265. https://doi.org/10.1515/angl.1950.1950.69.264</ref> the personal motto of the [[Edward the Black Prince|Black Prince]].<ref name="Briggs">Briggs, Geoffrey, ''Civic and Corporate Heraldry'' (1971), p. 122.</ref>{{Infobox emblem wide|image=Coat of arms of the Duchy of Cornwall.svg|imagesize=250px|notes=The shield has been in use since around the 15th century and was based on the arms of [[Richard of Cornwall]] (1209–1272).|year_adopted=Granted by Royal Warrant on 21 June 1968<ref name="Briggs" />|coronet=The [[heraldic shield]] is ensigned with the Heir Apparent's [[coronet]].<ref name="Boutell">{{cite book |first1=Charles |last1=Boutell |first2=John Philip |last2=Brooke-Little |title=Boutell's Heraldry |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UTUOAQAAMAAJ&q=%22arms+of+the+duchy+of+cornwall%22+chough |year=1978 |publisher=F. Warne |isbn=978-0-7232-2096-1 |page=219}}</ref>|escutcheon=Sable, fifteen [[bezant#Bezants in heraldry|bezant]]s, five, four, three, two, one.<ref name="Cornwall">{{cite book |author=Royal Institution of Cornwall |title=Journal of the Royal Institution of Cornwall |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JOk4AQAAMAAJ&q=cornwall+%22Sable+fifteen+bezants%22 |year=1915 |publisher=Workers of Cornwall Limited |page=115}}</ref>|supporters=On either side, a [[Cornish chough]] proper supporting an ostrich feather Argent, penned Or.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/completeguidetoh00foxdrich |title=A Complete Guide to Heraldry |year=1909 |last=Fox-Davies |first=Arthur Charles |location=London |publisher=T.C. & E.C. Jack |via=Internet Archive |access-date=2023-02-22 |page=248}}</ref>|compartment=|motto={{lang|gml|Houmont}}<ref name="Briggs" /> or {{lang|gml|Houmout}} <br/>(Middle Low German for "high-spirited")<ref name="Langfelt 1950"/>}}

==Dukes of Cornwall, 1337 creation==
All dukes of Cornwall who have been the eldest living son of the sovereign are generally considered to have held the same ''creation'' of the dukedom. The following is a table of these dukes of Cornwall, with the processes by which they became duke and by which they ceased to hold the title:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!Duke of Cornwall
!Monarch
!From
!To
!Other title held while Duke
|-
|[[Edward the Black Prince|Edward of Woodstock]]
|[[Edward III of England|Edward III]]
|1337<br/ >(Parliament)
|1376<br/ >(death)
|[[Prince of Wales#List of Princes of Wales (English or British heirs apparent)|Prince of Wales]] (1343), [[Duke of Aquitaine#Plantagenet rulers of Aquitaine|Prince of Aquitaine]] (1362–1372), [[Earl of Chester]] (1333)
|-
|[[Henry V of England|Henry of Monmouth]]
|[[Henry IV of England|Henry IV]]
|1399<br/ >(Parliament)
|1413<br/ >(acceded as '''Henry V''')
|[[Prince of Wales#List of Princes of Wales (English or British heirs apparent)|Prince of Wales]] and [[Earl of Chester]] (1399), [[Duke of Aquitaine#Plantagenet rulers of Aquitaine|Duke of Aquitaine]] (1390), [[Duke of Lancaster]] (1399)
|-
|[[Henry VI of England|Henry of Windsor]]
|[[Henry V of England|Henry V]]
|1421<br/ >(birth)
|1422<br/ >(acceded as '''Henry VI''')
|[[Duke of Aquitaine#Plantagenet rulers of Aquitaine|Duke of Aquitaine]] (1421)
|-
|[[Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales|Edward of Westminster]]
|[[Henry VI of England|Henry VI]]
|1454<br/ >(charter)
|1471<br/ >(death)
|[[Prince of Wales#List of Princes of Wales (English or British heirs apparent)|Prince of Wales]] and [[Earl of Chester]] (1454)
|-
|[[Edward V|Edward of York]]
|[[Edward IV]]
|1471<br/ >(charter)
|1483<br/ >(acceded as '''Edward V''')
|[[Prince of Wales#List of Princes of Wales (English or British heirs apparent)|Prince of Wales]] and [[Earl of Chester]] (1471), [[Earl of March#English Earls of March, second Creation (1479)|Earl of March]] (1479), [[Earl of Pembroke]] (1479)
|-
|[[Edward of Middleham, Prince of Wales|Edward of Middleham]]
|[[Richard III of England|Richard III]]
|1483<br/ >(father's accession)
|1484<br/ >(death)
|[[Prince of Wales#List of Princes of Wales (English or British heirs apparent)|Prince of Wales]] and [[Earl of Chester]] (1483), [[Earl of Salisbury#Fourth creation (1478)|Earl of Salisbury]] (1478)
|-
|[[Arthur, Prince of Wales|Arthur Tudor]]
|rowspan="2" | [[Henry VII of England|Henry VII]]
|1486<br/ >(birth)
|1502<br/ >(death)
|[[Prince of Wales#List of Princes of Wales (English or British heirs apparent)|Prince of Wales]] and [[Earl of Chester]] (1489)
|-
|[[Henry VIII|Henry Tudor]]
|1502<br/ >(death of older brother)
|1509<br/ >(acceded as '''Henry VIII''')
|[[Prince of Wales#List of Princes of Wales (English or British heirs apparent)|Prince of Wales]] and [[Earl of Chester]] (1504), [[Duke of York#Third creation, 1494|Duke of York]] (1494)
|-
|[[Henry, Duke of Cornwall|Henry Tudor]]
|rowspan="2" | [[Henry VIII]]
|1511<br/ >(birth)
|1511<br/ >(death)
|
|-
|[[Edward VI|Edward Tudor]]
|1537<br/ >(birth)
|1547<br/ >(acceded as '''Edward VI''')
|[[Prince of Wales#List of Princes of Wales (English or British heirs apparent)|Prince of Wales]] and [[Earl of Chester]] (1537)
|-
|[[Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales|Henry Frederick Stuart]]
|rowspan="2"|[[James VI and I]]
|1603<br/ >(father's accession)
|1612<br/ >(death)
|[[Prince of Wales#List of Princes of Wales (English or British heirs apparent)|Prince of Wales]] and [[Earl of Chester]] (1610), ''[[Duke of Rothesay]], [[Earl of Carrick#New Creation 1628|Earl of Carrick]] and [[Baron of Renfrew (title)|Baron of Renfrew]] (1469), [[Lord of the Isles]] (1540), [[Prince of Scotland|Prince and Great Steward of Scotland]] (1469)''<br/ >The italicised henceforth "Duke of Rothesay, etc (1469 & 1540)"
|-
|[[Charles I of England|Charles Stuart]]
|1612<br/ >(death of older brother)
|1625<br/ >(acceded as '''Charles I''')
|[[Prince of Wales#List of Princes of Wales (English or British heirs apparent)|Prince of Wales]] and [[Earl of Chester]] (1616), [[Duke of Rothesay]], etc. (1469 & 1540), [[Duke of Albany#Fourth creation, 1604|Duke of Albany]] (1600), [[Duke of York]] (1605), [[Earl of Ormond (Scotland)#Marquesses of Ormond; Second creation (1600)|Marquess of Ormond]], [[Earl of Ross#Earls of Ross, creation of 1600|Earl of Ross]], [[Earl of Ross#Origins and transfers|Lord Ardmannoch]] (1600)
|-
|[[Charles I of England#Issue|Charles James Stuart]]
|rowspan="2" | [[Charles I of England|Charles I]]
|1629<br/ >(birth)
|1629<br/ >(death)
|[[Duke of Rothesay]], etc. (1469 & 1540)
|-
|[[Charles II of England|Charles Stuart]]
|1630<br/ >(birth)
|1649<br/ >(acceded as '''Charles II''')
|[[Prince of Wales#List of Princes of Wales (English or British heirs apparent)|Prince of Wales]] and [[Earl of Chester]] (1638), [[Duke of Rothesay]], etc. (1469 & 1540)
|-
|[[James Francis Edward Stuart]]<br/ >("The Old Pretender")
|[[James II of England|James II]]
|1688<br/ >(birth)
|1702<br/ >(attainted)
|[[Prince of Wales#List of Princes of Wales (English or British heirs apparent)|Prince of Wales]] and [[Earl of Chester]] (1688–1702), [[Duke of Rothesay]], etc. (1469–1702 & 1540–1702)
|-
|[[George II of Great Britain|George Augustus]]
|[[George I of Great Britain|George I]]
|1714<br/ >(father's accession)
|1727<br/ >(acceded as '''George II''')
| [[Prince of Wales#List of Princes of Wales (English or British heirs apparent)|Prince of Wales]] and [[Earl of Chester]] (1714), Hereditary Elector [[Electorate of Hanover|of Hanover]], [[Duke of Rothesay]], etc. (1469 & 1540), [[Duke of Cambridge#Third creation, 1706|Duke of Cambridge]], [[Marquess of Cambridge#Marquess of Cambridge (1706-1727)|Marquess of Cambridge]], Earl of Milford Haven, Viscount Northallerton, [[Baron Tewkesbury]] (1706)
|-
|[[Frederick, Prince of Wales|Frederick Louis]]
|[[George II of Great Britain|George II]]
|1727<br/ >(father's accession)
|1751<br/ >(death)
|[[Prince of Wales#List of Princes of Wales (English or British heirs apparent)|Prince of Wales]] and [[Earl of Chester]] (1729), [[Duke of Rothesay]], etc. (1469 & 1540), [[Duke of Edinburgh#1726 creation|Duke of Edinburgh]], Marquess of Ely, Earl of Eltham, Viscount Launceston, Baron Snowdon (1726)
|-
|[[George IV|George Augustus Frederick]]
|[[George III]]
|1762<br/ >(birth)
|1820<br/ >(acceded as '''George IV''')
|[[Prince of Wales#List of Princes of Wales (English or British heirs apparent)|Prince of Wales]] and [[Earl of Chester]] (1762), [[Duke of Rothesay]], etc. (1469 & 1540)
|-
|[[Edward VII|Albert Edward]]
|[[Queen Victoria|Victoria]]
|1841<br/ >(birth)
|1901<br/ >(acceded as '''Edward VII''')
|[[Prince of Wales#List of Princes of Wales (English or British heirs apparent)|Prince of Wales]] and [[Earl of Chester]] (1841), [[Duke of Rothesay]], etc. (1469 & 1540), [[Earl of Dublin]] (1850)
|-
|[[George V|George Frederick Ernest Albert]]
|[[Edward VII]]
|1901<br/ >(father's accession)
|1910<br/ >(acceded as '''George V''')
|[[Prince of Wales#List of Princes of Wales (English or British heirs apparent)|Prince of Wales]] and [[Earl of Chester]] (1901), [[Duke of Rothesay]], etc. (1469 & 1540), [[Duke of York#Sixth creation, 1892|Duke of York]], [[Earl of Inverness#Earls of Inverness, second Creation (1892)|Earl of Inverness]], Baron Killarney (1892)
|-
|[[Edward VIII|Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David]]
|[[George V]]
|1910<br/ >(father's accession)
|1936<br/ >(acceded as '''Edward VIII''')
|[[Prince of Wales#List of Princes of Wales (English or British heirs apparent)|Prince of Wales]] and [[Earl of Chester]] (1910), [[Duke of Rothesay]], etc. (1469 & 1540)
|-
|[[Charles III|Charles Philip Arthur George]]
|[[Elizabeth II]]
|1952<br/ >(mother's accession)
|2022<br/ >(acceded as '''Charles III''')
|[[Prince of Wales#List of Princes of Wales (English or British heirs apparent)|Prince of Wales]] and [[Earl of Chester]] (1958), [[Duke of Rothesay]], etc. (1469 & 1540), [[Duke of Edinburgh#1947 creation|Duke of Edinburgh]], [[Earl of Merioneth]] and [[Baron Greenwich#Barons Greenwich; Second creation (1947)|Baron Greenwich]] (1947)
|-
|[[William, Prince of Wales|William Arthur Philip Louis]]
|[[Charles III]]
|2022<br/ >(father's accession)
|Incumbent
|[[Prince of Wales#List of Princes of Wales (English or British heirs apparent)|Prince of Wales]] and [[Earl of Chester]] (2022), [[Duke of Rothesay]], etc. (1469 & 1540), [[Duke of Cambridge#Fifth creation, 2011|Duke of Cambridge]], [[Earl of Strathearn]], [[Baron Carrickfergus]] (2011)
|-
|}

==Dukes of Cornwall, 1376 creation==
When his heir apparent, [[Edward the Black Prince]], predeceased him, [[Edward III]] granted a new creation of the title 'duke of Cornwall' to his grandson, [[Richard II of England|Richard]]. When he acceded to the throne as Richard II in 1377, this creation merged with the Crown.
*[[Richard II of England|Richard of Bordeaux]] (1367–1400)
:''also [[Prince of Wales#List of Princes of Wales (English or British heirs apparent)|Prince of Wales]] and [[Earl of Chester]] (1376)''

==Dukes of Cornwall, 1460 creation==
When [[Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York|Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York]], pressed his claim to the throne, he was made heir apparent to [[Henry VI of England|Henry VI]] by the [[Act of Accord]]. On 31 October 1460, he was made [[prince of Wales]] and [[earl of Chester]], duke of Cornwall and [[Lord Protector|Lord Protector of England]]. Since he was not the eldest living son of the monarch, this creation was outside the terms of the 1337 warrant; York died in battle two months later, on 30 December 1460.
*[[Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York|Richard Plantagenet]] (1411–1460)
:''also [[Lord Protector#Feudal royal regent|Lord Protector of England]], [[Prince of Wales#List of Princes of Wales (English or British heirs apparent)|Prince of Wales]] and [[Earl of Chester]] (1460, see [[Act of Accord]]); [[Duke of York#First creation, 1385–1415, 1425–1461|Duke of York]] (1385), [[Earl of Ulster#Earls of Ulster, Peerage of Ireland, Second Creation (1264)|Earl of Ulster]] (1264), [[Earl of March#English Earls of March, first Creation (1328)|Earl of March]] (1328), [[Earl of Cambridge#Earls of Cambridge, 3rd Creation (1414)|Earl of Cambridge]] (1414, restored 1426), feudal Lord of Clare (bt. 1066–1075), [[Baron Mortimer of Wigmore#Barons Mortimer of Wigmore (1331)|Baron Mortimer of Wigmore]] (1331)''

==Jacobite duke==
[[Charles Edward Stuart]] ('The Young Pretender'), eldest son and heir apparent of [[James Francis Edward Stuart]] ('The Old Pretender'), was born in Rome on 31 December 1720, and shortly after his birth, he was declared prince of Wales, duke of Cornwall and earl of Chester in the [[Jacobite succession]]. With the death of the Old Pretender on 1 January 1766, he acceded to his father's claim to be King of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland. He died on 31 January 1788.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/stream/jacobitepeerage00unkngoog#page/n54/mode/2up |author=Melville Amadeus Henry Douglas Heddle de La Caillemotte de Massue de Ruvigny, Marquis of Ruvigny and Raineval|author-link=Melville Henry Massue |title=The Jacobite peerage, baronetage, knightage and grants of honour |publisher=T.C. and E.C. Jack |location=Edinburgh |year=1904 |page=31}}</ref>

== Family tree ==
{{Dukes of Cornwall family tree}}

==See also==
{{Portal|Cornwall}}
*[[Cornish Foreshore Case]] (19th century arbitration about the ownership of minerals and mines under the foreshore of Cornwall)
*[[Waitrose Duchy Organic|Duchy Originals]] (the duchy's organic produce brand)
*[[Duke of Rothesay]]
*[[Duchess of Cornwall]]
*[[Outline of Cornwall]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
*[https://duchyofcornwall.org/the-duke-of-cornwall.html Duchy of Cornwall website – Duke of Cornwall]
*[https://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/features/duchy-cornwall The Prince of Wales's website – Duchy of Cornwall]
*[https://www.theguardian.com/netnotes/article/0,6729,221852,00.html Guardian Unlimited article]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050924190804/http://www.institutes.ex.ac.uk/ics/bernard%20Celtic%20frontier%20or%20county%20boundary.pdf Celtic Frontier or County Boundary? Competing discourses of a late nineteenth century British border] link dead
*[http://www.legislation.gov.uk/aep/Edw3/11/0 The charter of 1337]

{{Dukes of Cornwall}}
{{British royal titles}}
{{Extant British dukedoms}}{{Prince William, Duke of Cambridge}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cornwall}}
[[Category:Dukes of Cornwall| ]]
[[Category:Dukedoms in the Peerage of England]]
[[Category:Duchy of Cornwall]]
[[Category:Heirs to the throne]]
[[Category:History of Cornwall]]
[[Category:Succession to the British crown]]
[[Category:British landowners]]
[[Category:British and Irish peerages which merged in the Crown]]
[[Category:Noble titles created in 1337]]
[[Category:Noble titles created in 1376]]
[[Category:Noble titles created in 1460]]