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Dulcimer
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{{More citations needed|date=June 2022}} {{Infobox instrument |image = {{Multiple image |align = center |direction = vertical |width = 250 |header = Two types of dulcimer. |image1 = Dulcimer (UP).jpg |caption1 = An [[Appalachian dulcimer]]... |image2 = Hammered dulcimer.JPG |caption2 = ...and a [[hammered dulcimer]] }} |background = string |classification = *[[Plucked string instrument]]s *[[String instrument#Striking|Strucked string instruments]] |developed = Antiquity |musicians = *[[List of Appalachian dulcimer players]] *[[List of hammered dulcimer players]] }} The term '''dulcimer ''' refers to two families of musical [[string instrument]]s. ==Hammered dulcimers== The word ''dulcimer'' originally referred to a trapezoidal [[zither]] similar to a [[psaltery]] whose many strings are struck by handheld "hammers".<ref name="Smithsonian">{{cite web |title=The Hammered Dulcimer |url=https://www.si.edu/spotlight/hammered-dulcimer |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=February 28, 2022}}</ref> Variants of this instrument are found in many cultures, including: * [[Hammered dulcimer]] (England, Scotland, United States) * [[Hackbrett]] (southern [[Germany]], [[Austria]], [[Switzerland]]) * [[Tsymbaly]] ([[Ukraine]]), [[tsimbl]] ([[Ashkenazi Jewish]]), [[țambal]] ([[Romania]]) and [[cimbalom]] ([[Hungary]]) may refer to either a relatively small folk instrument or a larger classical instrument. The [[santouri]] ([[Greece]]) (called "santur" in the [[Ottoman Empire]]) is almost identical to the Jewish and Romanian folk instruments. * [[Santur]] ([[Iran]] and [[Iraq]]) * [[Santoor]] (northern [[India]] and [[Pakistan]]) is constructed and tuned differently from the santur of Iran and Iraq * [[Khim]] ([[Cambodia]], [[Laos]], [[Thailand]]) * [[Yangqin]] ([[China]]), [[Đàn tam thập lục]] ([[Vietnam]]), [[yanggeum]] ([[Korea]]) ==Appalachian dulcimer and derivatives== {{unreferenced section|date=June 2022}} In the [[Appalachia]]n region of the U.S. in the nineteenth century, hammered dulcimers were rare. There, the word ''dulcimer'', which was familiar from the [[King James Version]] of the [[Bible]], was used to refer to a three or four stringed fretted instrument, generally played on the lap by strumming. Variants include: * The original [[Appalachian dulcimer]] * Various twentieth century derivatives, including ** [[Banjo dulcimer]], with banjo-like resonating membrane ** [[Resonator dulcimer]], with inset conical resonator ** [[Bowed dulcimer]], teardrop-shaped and played upright with a bow ** [[Electric dulcimer]], various types of dulcimer which use a pickup to amplify the sound ==References== {{reflist}} {{Set index article}} [[Category:Early musical instruments]] [[Category:English musical instruments]] [[Category:Box zithers]]
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