Open main menu
Home
Random
Recent changes
Special pages
Community portal
Preferences
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Incubator escapee wiki
Search
User menu
Talk
Dark mode
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Editing
Dunfermline
Warning:
You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you
log in
or
create an account
, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.
Anti-spam check. Do
not
fill this in!
{{Short description|City in Fife, Scotland}} {{about|the city in Scotland}} {{Use British English|date=January 2013}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}} {{Infobox UK place | country = Scotland | static_image_name = {{multiple image |border=infobox |total_width=280 |image_style=border:1; |perrow=1/2/2/2 |image1 = Dunfermline Panorama 5.JPG |caption1 = Dunfermline Skyline |image2 = Pilmuir Works Chimney.jpg |caption2 = [[List of Category A listed buildings in Fife|Pilmuir Works Chimney]] |image3 = Dunfermline Abbey - geograph.org.uk - 5426621.jpg |caption3= [[Dunfermline Abbey]] |image4 = Dunfermline Town Hall Tower - geograph.org.uk - 4986693.jpg |caption4 = [[Dunfermline City Chambers]] |image5 = Central Dunfermline.JPG |caption5 = City Centre }} | static_image_2_name = | static_image_2_caption = | static_image_2_width = | official_name = Dunfermline | gaelic_name = Dùn Phàrlain | scots_name = Dunfaurlin | type = [[Cities of Scotland|City]] | coordinates = {{coord|56.07192|-3.43930|display=inline,title}} | population = {{Scottish locality population|name|POP=Dunfermline}} | population_ref = ({{Scottish settlement population citation|year}})<ref name="popstats">{{Scottish settlement population citation}}</ref> | statistic1 = {{Scottish settlement population|name|POP=Dunfermline}} ({{Scottish settlement population citation|year}})<ref name="popstats" /> | statistic_title1 = [[List of towns and cities in Scotland by population#Settlements|Settlement]] | population_demonym = | unitary_scotland = [[Fife]] | lieutenancy_scotland = [[Fife]] | constituency_westminster = | constituency_scottish_parliament = | post_town = Dunfermline | postcode_area = KY | postcode_district = KY11, KY12 | dial_code = 01383 | os_grid_reference = NT105875 }} '''Dunfermline''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ʌ|n|ˈ|f|ɜːr|m|l|ᵻ|n|audio=Dunfermline.ogg}}; {{langx|sco|Dunfaurlin}}, {{langx|gd|Dùn Phàrlain}}) is a city, parish, and former [[royal burgh]] in [[Fife, Scotland]], {{convert|3|mi|km|sigfig=1}} from the northern shore of the [[Firth of Forth]]. Dunfermline was the de facto capital of the [[Kingdom of Scotland]] between the 11th and 15th centuries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Scotland's forgotten ancient capital |url=https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20221002-dunfermline-scotlands-forgotten-ancient-capital |website=www.bbc.com |access-date=1 April 2024}}</ref> The earliest known settlements around Dunfermline probably date to the [[Neolithic]] period, growing by the [[Bronze Age]]. The city was first recorded in the 11th century, with the marriage of [[Malcolm III of Scotland]], and [[Saint Margaret of Scotland|Saint Margaret]] at Dunfermline. As [[List of Scottish consorts|Queen consort]], Margaret established a church dedicated to the [[Trinity|Holy Trinity]], which evolved into [[Dunfermline Abbey]] under their son [[David I of Scotland|David I]] in 1128, and became firmly established as a prosperous royal mausoleum for the [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scottish Crown]]. A total of eighteen royals, including seven Kings, were buried here between 1093 and 1420 including [[Robert the Bruce]] in 1329. By the 18th century, Dunfermline became a regional economic powerhouse with the introduction of the [[Linen|linen industry]], and produced industrialists including [[Andrew Carnegie]].<ref name="Pearson10" /> Dunfermline was awarded city status as part of Elizabeth II's [[Platinum Jubilee Civic Honours]] in 2022. Today, the city is a major service centre, with the largest employers being [[Sky UK]], [[Amazon.com|Amazon]], [[Best Western]], [[TechnipFMC]], [[Lloyds Banking Group|Lloyds]] and [[Nationwide Building Society|Nationwide]].<ref name="Dunfermline Economy Presentation p.4" /> Dunfermline sits on the [[Fife Pilgrim Way]]. In {{Scottish settlement population citation|year}}, the [[List of towns and cities in Scotland by population#Localities|locality]] had an estimated population of {{Scottish locality population|name|POP=Dunfermline}} and the wider [[List of towns and cities in Scotland by population#Settlements|settlement]] had a population of {{Scottish settlement population|name|POP=Dunfermline}}.<ref>{{Scottish settlement population citation}}</ref> ==History== {{Main|History of Dunfermline}} [[File:Malcolm Canmore's Tower, Dunfermline.jpg|thumb|upright=1.25|left|Remains of [[Malcolm III of Scotland|Malcolm Canmore]]'s Tower]] ===Early history=== There have been various interpretations of the name, ''"Dunfermline"''.<ref name="Dennison and Stronach3–4">Dennison and Stronach, ''Historic Dunfermline'', pp.3–4.</ref> The first element, ''"dun"'' translated from [[Scottish Gaelic|Gaelic]], has been accepted as a (fortified) hill, and is assumed to be referring to the rocky outcrop at the site of [[Malcolm's Tower|Malcolm Canmore's Tower]] in Pittencrieff Glen (now [[Pittencrieff Park]]).<ref name="Taylor and Márkus309–310">Taylor and Márkus, ''The Place–Names of Fife: Volume One'', pp.309–310.</ref> The rest of the name is problematic.<ref name="Taylor and Márkus309–310" /> The second element, the ''"ferm"'' may have been an alternative name for the Tower [[Burn (landform)|Burn]] according to a medieval record published in 1455 which, together with the Lyne Burn to the south, suggests the site of a fortification between these two watercourses.<ref name="Dennison and Stronach3–4" /><ref name="Taylor and Márkus309–310" /> The first record of a settlement in the Dunfermline area was in the [[Neolithic]] period. This evidence includes finds of a stone axe, some flint arrowheads and a carved stone ball near the town.<ref name="Dennison and Stronach9">Dennison and Stronach, ''Historic Dunfermline'', p.9.</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Cowie|first=Trevor|date=1993|title=A survey of Neolithic pottery of eastern and central Scotland|url=http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_123/123_013_041.pdf|journal=Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland|page=25}}</ref> A [[cropmark]] which is understood to have been used as a possible mortuary enclosure has been found at Deanpark House, also near the town. By the time of the [[Bronze Age]], the area was beginning to show some importance. Important finds included a bronze axe in Wellwood and a gold [[torc]] from the Parish Churchyard.<ref name="Dennison and Stronach9" /> Cist burials from the [[Bronze Age]] have also been discovered at both [[Crossford, Fife|Crossford]] and Masterton, the latter of which contains a pair of armlets, a bronze dagger and a set necklace believed to have complemented a double burial.<ref name="Dennison and Stronach9" /><ref>{{cite journal |last=Close-Brooks |first=Joanna |date=1971–1972 |title=A Bronze Age cemetery at Aberdour Road, Dunfermline, Fife |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_104/104_121_136.pdf |journal=Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland |volume=104 |access-date=13 August 2016}}</ref> The first historic record for Dunfermline was made in the 11th century.<ref name="Dennison and Stronach15–16">Dennison and Stronach, ''Historic Dunfermline'', pp.15–16.</ref> According to the fourteenth-century chronicler, [[John of Fordun]], [[Malcolm III of Scotland|Malcolm III]] married his second bride, the Anglo-Hungarian princess [[Saint Margaret of Scotland|Saint Margaret]], at the church in Dunfermline between 1068 and 1070;<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/johnoffordunschr00fordrich|title=John of Fordun's Chronicle of the Scottish nation : Fordun, John of, d. 1384? : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive|website=Internet Archive|year=1872 }}</ref> the ceremony was performed by [[Fothad II|Fothad]], the last [[Celts|Celtic]] [[Archbishop of St Andrews|bishop of St Andrews]].<ref name="Dennison and Stronach15–16" /><ref name="Dunlop44">Dunlop, ''Queen Margaret of Scotland'', p.44.</ref> Malcolm III established Dunfermline as a new seat for royal power in the mid-11th century and initiated changes that eventually made the township the de facto capital of Scotland for much of the period until the assassination of [[James I of Scotland|James I]] in 1437.<ref name="Lamont–Brown178–180">Lamont-Brown, ''Fife in History and Legend'', pp.178–180.</ref> Following her marriage to King Malcolm III, Queen Margaret encouraged her husband to convert the small [[culdee]] chapel into a church for [[Order of St Benedict|Benedictine]] monks.<ref name="Lamont–Brown178–180" /> The existing culdee church was no longer able to meet the demand for its growing congregation because of a large increase in the population of Dunfermline from the arrival of English nobility coming into Scotland.<ref name="Henderson17">Henderson, ''The Annals of Dunfermline and Vicinity from the earliest authentic period to the present time 1069–1878'', p.17.</ref> The founding of this new church of Dunfermline was inaugurated around 1072, but was not recorded in the town's records.<ref name="Henderson17" /> ===Capital of Scotland=== [[File:Scotia Depicta - Dunfermline Abbey and Mill -Plate-.jpg|330px|thumb|Engraving of Dunfermline Abbey and Mill by [[James Fittler]] in ''Scotia Depicta'']] King [[David I of Scotland]] (reigned 1124–53) would later grant this church, dedicated to the [[Trinity|Holy Trinity]], to ''"unam mansuram in burgo meo de Dunfermlyn''" which translates into ''"a house or dwelling place in my burgh of Dunfermline"''.<ref name="Dennison and Stronach15–16" /><ref name="Fawcett2">Fawcett, ''Royal Dunfermline'', p.2.</ref> The foundations of the church evolved into an [[Dunfermline Abbey|Abbey]] in 1128, under the reign of their son, [[David I of Scotland|David I]].<ref name="Lamont–Brown178–180" /><ref name="Fife Regional Council16" /> [[Dunfermline Abbey]] would play a major role in the general [[Liturgical Latinisation|romanisation]] of religion throughout the kingdom. At the peak of its power the abbey controlled four burghs, three courts of regality and a large portfolio of lands from [[Moray]] in the north down into [[Berwickshire]].<ref name="Lamont–Brown178–180" /> From the time of [[Alexander I of Scotland|Alexander I]] (reign 1107–24), the Abbey would also become firmly established as a prosperous royal mausoleum of the [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scottish Crown]].<ref name="Fawcett139">Fawcett, ''Royal Dunfermline'', p.139.</ref> A total of eighteen royals, including seven Kings, were buried here from Queen Margaret in 1093 to [[Robert, Duke of Albany|Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany]] in 1420.<ref name="Fawcett150">Fawcett, ''Royal Dunfermline'', p.150.</ref> During the [[Wars of Scottish Independence]], [[Robert The Bruce]] insisted as early as 1314 that he wanted to be buried in the royal mausoleum in Dunfermline. This was so he could maintain the legacy of previous Scottish kings interred here, referring to them as our ‘predecessors’.<ref name="Fawcett144">Fawcett, ''Royal Dunfermline'', p.144.</ref> Robert The Bruce (reigned 1306–29) would ultimately become the last of the seven Scottish Kings to be given this honour in 1329, although his heart was taken to [[Melrose Abbey]].<ref name="Fawcett144" /> Dunfermline had become a burgh between 1124 and 1127, if not before this time.<ref name="Dennison and Stronach15–16" /><ref name="Fawcett2" /> [[Dunfermline Palace]] was also connected to the abbey and the first known documentation of the [[Auld Alliance]] was signed there on 23 October 1295. Although the second son of James VI of Scotland and [[Anne of Denmark]], [[Charles I of England|Prince Charles]] was born in Dunfermline Palace, Fife, on 19 November 1600, the [[Union of the Crowns]] ended the town's royal connections when [[James VI and I|James VI]] relocated the Scottish royal court to [[London]] in 1603.<ref name="Durie17">Durie, ''Dunfermline: Britain in Old Photographs'', p.17.</ref> King Charles thus became the last monarch to be born in Scotland. The Reformation of 1560 had previously meant a loss of the Dunfermline's ecclesiastical importance. [[David Ferguson (reformer)|David Ferguson]] was the town's first reformed minister. On 25 May 1624, a fire engulfed around three-quarters of the medieval-renaissance burgh.<ref name="Durie17" /><ref name="Dennison and Stronach35">Dennison and Stronach, ''Historic Dunfermline'', p.35.</ref> Some of the surviving buildings of the fire were [[Dunfermline Palace|the palace]], [[Dunfermline Abbey|the abbey]] and the Abbot's House.<ref name="Lamont–Brown178–180" /><ref name="Pride8–10">Pride, ''Kingdom of Fife'', pp.8–10.</ref> ===Recent history=== [[File:Former St Leonard's works, Dunfermline.jpg|thumb|right|Erskine Beveridge company offices, now converted into flats]] The decline in the fortunes of Dunfermline lasted until the introduction of a [[linen]] industry in the early 18th century.<ref name="Pearson10">Pearson, ''Around Dunfermline'', p.10.</ref> One reason for which the town became a centre for linen was there was enough water to power the mills and nearby ports along the Fife Coast. These ports also did trade with the [[Baltic region|Baltic]] and [[Low Countries]].<ref name="Pearson10" /> Another reason was through an act of industrial espionage in 1709 by a weaver known as James Blake who gained access to the workshops of a [[damask]] linen factory in Edinburgh by pretending to act like a simpleton in order to find out and memorise the formula.<ref name="Pearson10" /><ref name="Lamont–Brown186">Lamont–Brown, ''Fife in History and Legend'', p.186.</ref> On his return to his home town in 1718, Blake established a [[damask]] linen industry in the town.<ref name="Pearson10" /> The largest of these factories was St Leonard's Mill which was established by Erskine Beveridge in 1851. A warehouse and office block was later added around 1869. Other linen factories were built on land to both the north and south ends of the burgh.<ref name="Simpson p85">Simpson ''The Auld Grey Toun – Dunfermline in the time of Andrew Carnegie 1835–1919'' p.85.</ref> During the mid-19th century, power loom weaving started to replace linen damask. The latter did not survive, going into decline straight after the end of [[First World War]].<ref name="Pride8–10" /> In 1909 the [[Royal Navy]] established Scotland's only Royal Naval Dockyard at nearby [[Rosyth]]. Post-war housing began in the late 1940s with the construction of temporary prefabs and Swedish timber houses around areas such as Kingseat and Townhill. Additional provisions were made for electricity, water and sewage systems. Council housing was focused towards [[Abbeyview]], on a {{convert|240|acre|adj=on|order=flip}} site on Aberdour Road; Touch, to the south of Garvock Hill; Bellyeoman and Baldridgeburn. Private housing became focused to the north of Garvock Hill and on the site of West Pitcorthie Farm.<ref name="McEwan p87">McEwan ''Dunfermline: The Post-War Years'' p87</ref> Dunfermline has experienced significant expansion since 1999, especially in an expansion corridor on the eastern side of the town. This growth has edged the population centre towards the town's boundary with the M90 road corridor; it is planned to continue until 2022. Major developments include the creation of the [[Duloch]] and Masterton neighbourhoods with over 6,000 homes, three new primary schools, new community infrastructure, employment land and the Fife Leisure Park. With the expansion there has been a dramatic rise in the town's population; more than 20% over a 15-year period. [[Fife Council]] have begun drafting plans for an expansion of a similar scale on Dunfermline's south-west,<ref>{{cite web|title=Dunfermline|url=http://www.stirlingdevelopments.co.uk/projects/dunferminle-west|publisher=Stirling Developments|access-date=27 November 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141205032319/http://www.stirlingdevelopments.co.uk/projects/dunferminle-west|archive-date=5 December 2014}}</ref> west and north sides,<ref>{{cite web|title=North West Dunfermline|url=http://www.ihbrown.com/App/uploads/download/new/brochure/Dunfermline%20Presentation%20October%202012.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141205105726/http://www.ihbrown.com/App/uploads/download/new/brochure/Dunfermline%20Presentation%20October%202012.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 December 2014|publisher=I&H Brown|access-date=27 November 2014}}</ref> which will see the creation of 4,000 homes, a new high school and three new primary schools in the first phase.<ref>{{cite news|title=Dex mark II would be a nightmare|url=http://www.dunfermlinepress.com/news/roundup/articles/2012/01/20/422412-dex-mark-ii-would-be-a-nightmare/|newspaper=Dunfermline Press|access-date=27 November 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204212852/http://www.dunfermlinepress.com/news/roundup/articles/2012/01/20/422412-dex-mark-ii-would-be-a-nightmare/|archive-date=4 December 2014}}</ref> Today, Dunfermline is the main centre for the West Fife area, and is also considered to be a [[dormitory town]] for Edinburgh.<ref name="Pride8–10" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.panoramicearth.com/5518/Dunfermline/Dunfermline |title=Dunfermline – Panoramic Earth Virtual Tour |access-date=25 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002064931/http://www.panoramicearth.com/5518/Dunfermline/Dunfermline |archive-date=2 October 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/voices/recordings/group/scotland-dunfermline.shtml|title=BBC – Voices – The Voices Recordings – Leisure centre workers|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> The town has shopping facilities, a major public park, a main college campus at Halbeath and an-out-of-town leisure park with a multiplex cinema and a number of restaurants. The online retailer [[Amazon.com]] has opened a major distribution centre in the Duloch Park area of Dunfermline. As part of the [[Platinum Jubilee Civic Honours]], it was announced on 20 May 2022 that Dunfermline would be awarded [[City status in the United Kingdom|city status]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Record number of city status winners announced to celebrate Platinum Jubilee |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/record-number-of-city-status-winners-announced-to-celebrate-platinum-jubilee |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=GOV.UK }}</ref> It was formally awarded the status through [[Letters Patent (United Kingdom)|Letters Patent]] on 3 October 2022.<ref>{{cite web |title=King Charles visits Scotland: Dunfermline granted city status|url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/politics/23015443.king-charles-visits-scotland-dunfermline-granted-city-status/ |access-date=3 October 2022 |website=heraldscotland.com |date=3 October 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dunfermlinepress.com/news/20152650.dunfermline-granted-city-status-queen-platinum-jubilee-competition/|title=Dunfermline is now officially a city|website=Dunfermline Press|date=19 May 2022|access-date=20 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Morrow |first=Daniel |date=20 May 2022 |title=What defines a city and how is it decided as Dunfermline awarded new status |url=https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/scottish-news/what-defines-city-how-decided-27020349 |access-date=20 May 2022 |website=Daily Record }}</ref> ==Governance== [[File:Dunfermline City Chambers in Dunfermline.jpg|thumb|upright|right|[[Dunfermline City Chambers]]]] Dunfermline retained [[royal burgh]] status until this was abolished in 1975, under the [[Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973]] in favour of a three-tier [[Regions and districts of Scotland|regions and districts]]. The royal burgh merged into [[Dunfermline (district)|Dunfermline District]], which was one of three districts within the [[Fife]] region serving the town and West Fife from [[Kincardine-on-Forth|Kincardine]] to [[Aberdour]].<ref name="Post-War Years p16">McEwan Bert ''Dunfermline: The Post-War Years'' p.16.</ref> The district council was abolished in 1996, under the [[Local Government etc (Scotland) Act 1994]],<ref name="Local Government Act 1994">{{cite web|url=http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts1994/Ukpga_19940039_en_1.htm |title=''Local Government etc (Scotland) Act 1994'', Office of Public Sector Information (OPSI) website |publisher=OPSI |access-date=18 April 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100301043228/http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts1994/Ukpga_19940039_en_1.htm |archive-date=1 March 2010 }}</ref> when the region became a [[unitary council area]]. The new unitary [[Fife Council]] adopted the areas of the former districts as council management areas, and created [[area committee]]s to represent each. Today, Dunfermline is represented by several tiers of elected government. Abbeyview, Bellyeoman, Carnock and Gowkhall, Central Dunfermline, Izatt Avenue & Nethertown and Touch and Garvock Community Councils form the lowest tier of governance, whose statutory role is to communicate local opinion to local and central government.<ref name="list of community councils">{{cite web |url=http://www.fifedirect.org/orgs/index.cfm?fuseaction=list.otherOrgList&typeID=2DF7F351-5B9B-4910-ADBF62D87471ED18&subjectid=C5FE66E7-C9E1-11D5-909E0008C7844101 |title=A list of community councils |publisher=Fife Council |access-date=18 April 2011 |archive-date=26 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726052724/http://www.fifedirect.org/orgs/index.cfm?fuseaction=list.otherOrgList&typeID=2DF7F351-5B9B-4910-ADBF62D87471ED18&subjectid=C5FE66E7-C9E1-11D5-909E0008C7844101 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Fife Council]], the unitary [[local authority]] for Dunfermline, are the [[Executive (government)|executive]], [[Deliberation|deliberative]] and [[legislative]] body responsible for [[local government in Scotland|local governance]].<ref name="devolvedmatters">{{cite web|url=http://www.scotlandoffice.gov.uk/what-we-do/reserved-and-devolved-matters.html |title=Reserved and devolved matters |publisher=Scotland Office |access-date=18 April 2011 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080512213438/http://www.scotlandoffice.gov.uk/what-we-do/reserved-and-devolved-matters.html |archive-date = 12 May 2008}}</ref> Dunfermline has retained some importance as an administrative centre with the council's principal west Fife office based at New City House. Councillor meetings, including the City of Dunfermline Area Committee, take place in the [[Dunfermline City Chambers]]. Dunfermline forms part of the [[United Kingdom constituencies|county constituency]] of [[Dunfermline and West Fife (UK Parliament constituency)|Dunfermline and West Fife]]. The Dunfermline and West Fife UK (or ''Westminster'') constituency, created in 2005 when the previous seats Dunfermline East and Dunfermline West were abolished, elects a [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] (MP) to the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]] of the Parliament of the United Kingdom by the first-past-the-post system. The seat is currently held by [[Douglas Chapman (Scottish politician)|Douglas Chapman]] MP for the [[Scottish National Party]].<ref name="Dunfermline and West Fife">{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/democracylive/hi/representatives/profiles/38326.stm |title=Douglas Chapman MP |publisher=BBC |access-date=31 December 2015 |archive-date=6 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306213159/http://news.bbc.co.uk/democracylive/hi/representatives/profiles/38326.stm |url-status=dead }}</ref> For the purposes of the [[Scottish Parliament]], Dunfermline forms part of the [[Dunfermline (Scottish Parliament constituency)|Dunfermline]] constituency. The Dunfermline Scottish Parliament (or ''Holyrood'') constituency created in 2011, following a [[Scottish Parliament constituencies and regions from 2011|review of Scottish Parliament constituency boundaries]] is one of nine within the Mid Scotland and Fife electoral region.<ref name="Scottish Parliament boundaries">{{cite web |url=http://www.official-documents.gov.uk/document/other/9780108509070/9780108509070.pdf |title=Report on the First Periodic Review of Scottish Parliament boundaries |publisher=TSO (The Stationery Office) |pages=172–173 |date=May 2010 |access-date=22 June 2011}}</ref> Each constituency elects one [[Member of the Scottish Parliament]] (MSP) by the first-past-the-post system of election. The seat was won at [[2016 Scottish Parliament election]]s by [[Shirley-Anne Somerville]] of the [[Scottish National Party]].<ref name="Shirley-Anne Somerville MSP">{{cite web |url=http://www.parliament.scot/msps/currentmsps/shirley-anne-somerville-msp.aspx |title=Shirley-Ann Somerville MSP for Dunfermline |publisher=Scottish Parliament |access-date=22 September 2018}}</ref><ref name="Dunfermline Scottish Parliament results">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/politics/scotland-constituencies/S16000100 |title=Dunfermline – Scottish Parliament Constituency |work=BBC News |date=2016 |access-date=22 September 2018}}</ref> Prior to [[Brexit]] in 2020, Dunfermline was part of the pan-Scotland [[Scotland (European Parliament constituency)|European Parliament constituency]] which elected seven [[Members of the European Parliament]] (MEPs) using the [[d'Hondt method]] of [[party-list proportional representation]].<ref name="list of MEPs">{{cite web |url=http://www.europarl.europa.eu/members/public/geoSearch/search.do?country=GB&zone=Scotland&language=EN |title=List of MEPs for Scotland |publisher=European Parliament |access-date=22 June 2011}}</ref> ==Geography== Dunfermline is at {{coord|56|04|17|N|3|27|42|W|type:city}} on the coastal fringe of Fife.<ref name="Dennison and Stronach3–4" /> The medieval town rose from approximately {{convert|51|m|ft}} above sea level in the south, where Nethertown Broad Street can now be found; {{convert|69|to|67|m|ft}} west to east along what is now Priory Lane; to {{convert|90|to|101|m|ft}} up the High Street, from west to east; to {{convert|92|to|105|m|ft}} between Bruce Street and Queen Anne Street from south to north.<ref name="Fawcett2" /><ref name="Dennison and Stronach17">Dennison and Stronach, ''Historic Dunfermline'', p.17.</ref> [[File:Dunfermline Panorama.JPG|thumb|centre|780px|alt=Dunfermline seen from the town's eastern expansion area. The chimney stacks at Grangemouth and Longanett can be seen in the distance|Panorama of Dunfermline seen from the town's [[Duloch]] neighbourhood in the east]] Temperatures in Dunfermline, much like the rest of Scotland, are relatively moderate given its northern latitude. Fife is a peninsula, between the [[Firth of Tay]] to the north, [[Firth of Forth]] to the south and the [[North Sea]] to the east. Summers are relatively cool and the warming of the water over the summer, results in warm winters. Average annual temperatures in Dunfermline range from a maximum of {{convert|18|C}} to a minimum of {{convert|9|C}}.<ref name="Dunf Weather">{{cite web |url=http://uk.weather.com/climate/annualClimo-Dunfermline-UKXX0046 |title=Climatology: Averages – Records for Dunfermline, United Kingdom |publisher=The Weather Channel UK & Ireland |access-date=20 August 2011}}</ref> The town is geologically separated from the area to the north by the [[Cleish Hills]]. ==Demography== {| class="wikitable" id="toc" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; width: 40%; font-size: 90%;" cellspacing="5" !colspan="4"|'''Dunfermline compared according to [[United Kingdom Census 2011|UK Census 2011]]'''<ref name="Dunfermline Profile">{{cite web|url=http://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/ods-web/area.html#!|title=Scotland's Census 2011– Dunfermline Locality |publisher=www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk|year=2011|access-date=11 December 2013}}</ref> |- ! !style="padding:2px;"|Dunfermline !style="padding:2px;"|Fife !style="padding:2px;"|Scotland |- ! style="text-align:left;"|Total population |49,706||365,198||5,295,403 |- ! style="text-align:left;"|Percentage Scottish identity only |62.1%||63.8%||62.4% |- ! style="text-align:left;"|Over 75 years old |6.2%||7.9%||7.7% |- ! style="text-align:left;"|Unemployed |5%||4%||4.8% |} According to the 2001 census, Dunfermline had a total population of 39,229 representing 11.2% of Fife's total population.<ref name="Dunfermline population">{{cite web|url=http://www.scrol.gov.uk/scrol/browser/profile.jsp?profile=Population&mainLevel=Locality&mainText=Dunfermline&mainTextExplicitMatch=false&compLevel=CountryProfile&compText=&compTextExplicitMatch=null|title=Comparative Population: Dunfermline Locality Scotland|publisher=scrol.co.uk|year=2001|access-date=16 March 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090725100522/http://www.scrol.gov.uk/scrol/browser/profile.jsp?profile=Population&mainLevel=Locality&mainText=Dunfermline&mainTextExplicitMatch=false&compLevel=CountryProfile&compText=&compTextExplicitMatch=null|archive-date=25 July 2009}}</ref> By the time of the [[United Kingdom Census 2011|2011 Census]], the population of Dunfermline had risen considerably to 49,706 and has again increased up to 50,380 in 2012.<ref name="GROS 2012 Table 3a">{{cite web|title=Estimated population of localities by broad age groups, mid-2012 |url=https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/files//statistics/population-estimates/special-area/mid-2012-settlements/2012-pop-est-sett-local-main-tab3a.pdf |publisher=General Register Office for Scotland |date=2012 |access-date=5 October 2018}}</ref><ref name="Scotland's Census 2011">{{cite web |url=http://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/ods-web/area.html#!|title=Scotland's Census 2011– Dunfermline Locality Area Profile |publisher=www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk|year=2011 |access-date=11 December 2013}}</ref> There are 21,620 households in Dunfermline, 70.7% of which were owned.<ref name="Dunfermline Profile"/> The demographic make-up of the population is much in line with the rest of Scotland. The age group from 30 to 44 forms the largest portion of the population (23.7%).<ref name="Dunfermline population" /> The total population in the Dunfermline area was estimated at 55,451 in 2016, with a projected increase of 29% expected by 2026.<ref name="Dunfermline Area Local Strategic Assessment">{{cite web|url=http://publications.fifedirect.org.uk/c64_Dunfermline_LSA_DRAFT.pdf|format=[[Portable Document File|PDF]]|title=Draft Dunfermline Area Local Strategic Assessment 2016|publisher=Fife Council Research Team|page=3|access-date=11 August 2017|archive-date=11 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811143548/http://publications.fifedirect.org.uk/c64_Dunfermline_LSA_DRAFT.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> The number of households in the Dunfermline area in 2016 was recorded at 24,607; 77% of which were owner occupied, 18% social rented and 4% private rented. 30.6% of people live alone and 10.9% are in low income. The median weekly income is calculated at £363 for the area.<ref name="Dunfermline Area Local Strategic Assessment"/> Recent [[Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation]] (SIMD) figures indicate that the most deprived datazone in Dunfermline is Abbeyview North which is ranked as being one of the 5% most deprived areas in Scotland. The Headwell, Touch and Woodmill areas in Dunfermline fall within the 5–10% banding. Baldridgeburn, Brucefield and Halbeath areas are identified as being within the 10–15%, 15–20% banding of most deprived communities in Scotland.<ref name="SIMD Indicators">{{cite web |url=http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/0041/00410730.pdf|format=[[Portable Document File|PDF]] |title=Local Authority Summary- SIMD 2012– Fife |website=simd.scotland.gov.uk |access-date=11 January 2013}}</ref> At June 2017 there was a recorded 539 [[Jobseekers Allowance]] (JSA) claimants in the Dunfermline area representing a 1.4% rate which was lower than the Fife and Scottish averages.<ref name="Monthly Economic Update June 2017 p4">{{cite web |url=http://www.fifeeconomypartnership.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/2017-07-12-Monthly-Economic-Update-1.pdf |format=[[Portable Document File|PDF]] |title=Monthly Economic Update June 2017 |publisher=Fife Economy Partnership |page=4 |date=July 2016 |access-date=11 August 2017 |archive-date=28 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728130714/http://www.fifeeconomypartnership.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/2017-07-12-Monthly-Economic-Update-1.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Economy== {{further|The mineral railways of Dunfermline}} [[File:Pilmuir Works - geograph.org.uk - 304661.jpg|thumb|left|Former Pilmuir Works textile mill]] {| class="wikitable" id="toc" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; width: 40%; font-size: 85%;" cellspacing="5" !colspan="4"|'''Dunfermline Industry Employed compared according to [[United Kingdom Census 2011|UK Census 2011]]'''<ref name="Dunfermline Profile"/><ref name="KnowFife Dunfermline Profile">{{cite web|url=http://knowfife.fife.gov.uk/profiles/profile?profileId=1&geoTypeId=141&geoIds=AREAD|title=City of Dunfermline Area Committee – General Profile|publisher=knowfife.fife.gov.uk|year=2014|access-date=19 December 2014}}</ref> |- ! !style="padding:2px;"|Dunfermline Area !style="padding:2px;"|Fife !style="padding:2px;"|Scotland |- ! style="text-align:left;"|Area Committee<ref name="Dunfermline Area Committee Map">{{cite web|url=http://publications.1fife.org.uk/uploadfiles/publications/c64_FifeCouncilCityofDunfermlineAreaCommitteeMap.pdf|format=[[Portable Document File|PDF]]|title=City of Dunfermline Area Committee Map|publisher=Fife Council|access-date=5 January 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150105122451/http://publications.1fife.org.uk/uploadfiles/publications/c64_FifeCouncilCityofDunfermlineAreaCommitteeMap.pdf|archive-date=5 January 2015}}</ref> Total Population (2011) |54,712||366,910||5,327,700 |- ! style="text-align:left;"|All Persons 16–74 in Employment (2011) |26,919||167,326||2,516,895 |- ! style="text-align:left;"|% [[primary sector of the economy|Primary Industry]] Employment (2011) |1.1%||2.4%||3.3% |- ! style="text-align:left;"|% [[Manufacturing]] Employment (2011) |8.3%||10.0%||7.7% |- ! style="text-align:left;"|% [[Utilities]] Employment (2011) |1.5%||1.4%||1.6% |- ! style="text-align:left;"|% [[Construction]] Employment (2011) |6.9%||8.2%||8.0% |- ! style="text-align:left;"|% [[Wholesale]], [[Retail]] & [[Transport]] Employed (2011) |17.8%||18.6%||19.9% |- ! style="text-align:left;"|% [[Lodging|Accommodation]] and [[Food industry|Food]] Employed (2011) |5.0%||5.6%||6.3% |- ! style="text-align:left;"|% [[Information and communications technology|ICT]] Employed (2011) |4.8%||3.0%||2.7% |- ! style="text-align:left;"|% [[Financial services|Finance]] & [[Professional services|Professional]] Employed (2011) |25.5%||19.1%||20.1% |- ! style="text-align:left;"|% [[Public sector]] Employed (2011) |7.4%||7.8%||7.0% |- ! style="text-align:left;"|% Education & Health Employed (2011) |21.5%||23.8%||23.4% |- |} From about the fifteenth century coal and limestone had been extracted in the area around Dunfermline, at first on a very small and localised scale. As the [[Scottish Agricultural Revolution|Agricultural Revolution]] gathered pace the demand for [[Agricultural lime|lime]] (for improving land) increased the requirement for coal to burn it. Salt panning too required coal in large quantities, and the early outcrops near the Firth of Forth became exhausted, forcing the extraction to take place further inland. Many of the sites were within the present-day limits of Dunfermline. The increasing distance of the pits from the Forth made transport of the minerals an issue, and Dunfermline was a pioneer in the construction of wooden waggonways for the purpose. By the eighteenth century a complex network had developed, and in time many of the lines were converted to railways: the Halbeath Railway, the Fordell Railway, the Elgin Railway and the Townhill Tramway being the most prominent. They generally ran from north to south, still conveying the mineral to the harbours at Charlestown, Limekilns, [[Inverkeithing]] and St David's. From 1848 more modern railways entered Dunfermline, at first on a west to east axis, intersecting the mineral lines. In time the latter were converted to make through running on to the main line network possible. During the [[Industrial Revolution]] and [[victorian period]] industry in Dunfermline was concentrated to the north of the town centre around Pilmuir Street and to the south along sections of the Lynn Burn at Elgin and Bothwell Streets with textiles being particularly important to the town's economy. After the end of the [[World War II|Second World War]] traditional industries, particularly linen and coal mining, declined and eventually became obsolete in the town with many factories ceasing production. Manufacturing in the town rejuvenated by the early 1960s when [[Monotype Corporation]] opened a new factory on Halbeath Road.<ref name="McEwan p73">McEwan, Bert ''Dunfermline The Post-War Years'' p. 73.</ref> The completion of the Pitreavie Industrial Estate (now known as the Pitreavie Business Park) opened in the mid-1970s, following the arrival of [[Philips]] and the re-location of the offices of the [[Dunfermline Press]]. Smaller industrial estates were focused on Elgin Street, Halbeath Drive and Primrose Lane.<ref name="McEwan p73" /> {{multiple image | align = left | direction = vertical | caption_align = center | image1 = BSkyB Dunfermline.jpg | caption1 = Sky Office and Contact Centre | image2 = Amazon Way Dunfermline - geograph.org.uk - 3780903.jpg | caption2 = Amazon EDI4 Fulfillment Center | image3 = KingsgateCentreDunfermline.JPG | caption3 = Kingsgate Shopping Centre }} The Dunfermline area has Fife's largest concentration of employment providing approximately 26,600 jobs in 2009;<ref name="Dunfermline Area Economic Profile15"/> approximately 16% of the 163,000 jobs in Fife.<ref name="Fife Economic Strategy p6">{{cite web |url=http://www.fifeeconomypartnership.co.uk/images/fep-general/strategy%20documentfor%20web.pdf |format=[[Portable Document File|PDF]] |title=Fife Economic Strategy 2013–2023 |publisher=Fife Economy Partnership |pages=6 |date=October 2013 |access-date=30 October 2013 }}{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Wholesale and Retail (over 18% of local jobs) Health and Social Work (over 15% of local jobs) and Information and Communication (over 10% of local jobs) are the predominant sectors in the local economy.<ref name="Dunfermline Economy Presentation">{{cite web |url=http://publications.1fife.org.uk/uploadfiles/publications/c64_Dunfermline_Feb14.pdf |format=[[Portable Document File|PDF]] |title=Dunfermline Area: Economy and Employability 2014 |publisher=Fife Council |page=10 |date=February 2014 |access-date=8 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809030554/http://publications.1fife.org.uk/uploadfiles/publications/c64_Dunfermline_Feb14.pdf |archive-date=9 August 2014 }}</ref> There are also moderate instances of employment in finance, manufacturing, food services and accommodation.<ref name="Dunfermline Area Economic Profile5-6">{{cite web |url=http://publications.1fife.org.uk/uploadfiles/publications/c64_Dunfermline_EconProfile.pdf |title=Dunfermline Area Economic Profile |publisher=Fife Council |format=[[Portable Document File|PDF]] |pages=5–6 |date=December 2011 |access-date=26 March 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101052502/http://publications.1fife.org.uk/uploadfiles/publications/c64_Dunfermline_EconProfile.pdf |archive-date=1 November 2013 }}</ref> Key local employers include [[Best Western]] (hotels), [[Sky UK]] ([[home video|home entertainment]] and [[communications]]), CR Smith (windows manufacturing), [[FMC Technologies]] ([[offshore energy]]), [[Lloyds Banking Group|Lloyds]] and [[Nationwide Building Society|Nationwide]] (both financial services).<ref name="Dunfermline Economy Presentation p.4">{{cite web |url=http://publications.1fife.org.uk/uploadfiles/publications/c64_Dunfermline_Feb14.pdf |format=[[Portable Document File|PDF]] |title=Dunfermline Area: Economy and Employability 2014 |publisher=Fife Council |page=4 |date=February 2014 |access-date=8 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809030554/http://publications.1fife.org.uk/uploadfiles/publications/c64_Dunfermline_Feb14.pdf |archive-date=9 August 2014 }}</ref> In November 2011 online retailer [[Amazon.com]] opened a {{convert|1000000|sqft|m2|abbr=on|order=flip}} fulfilment warehouse in the east of the town adjacent to the M90 motorway. This development has created over 750 jobs and is the company's largest warehouse in the UK.<ref name="Amazon Dunfermline Jobs">{{cite news |url=http://www.dunfermlinepress.com/news/roundup/articles/2011/01/13/409144-750-jobs-coming-to-dunfermline-as-amazon-books-in/ |last=McRoberts |first=Ally |title=750 jobs coming to Dunfermline as Amazon books in |newspaper=Dunfermline Press |date=13 January 2011 |access-date=13 January 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110116185630/http://www.dunfermlinepress.com/news/roundup/articles/2011/01/13/409144-750-jobs-coming-to-dunfermline-as-amazon-books-in |archive-date=16 January 2011 }}</ref><ref name="Amazon in Dunfermline">{{cite news |url=http://breakingnews.heraldscotland.com/breaking-news/?mode=article&site=hs&id=N0136181294922082216A |title=Amazon plans to create 950 jobs |newspaper=Herald Scotland |date=13 January 2011}}</ref> The [[Newcastle upon tyne|Newcastle]] based, Shepherd Offshore Group also plan to erect a [[renewables]] hub near the Halbeath Interchange, off the [[M90 motorway|M90]] on a {{convert|15|acre|ha|0|adj=on|order=flip}} former [[Hyundai Group|Hyundai]]/[[Motorola]] 'white elephant' factory.<ref name="demolition of Hyundai factory">{{cite news |last=Fitzpatrick |first=Gary |url=http://www.dunfermlinepress.com/news/roundup/articles/2011/04/20/412500-new-era-as-demolition-starts-on-old-hyundai-plant/ |title=New era as demolition starts on old Hyundai factory |newspaper=Dunfermline Press |access-date=20 April 2011 |date=27 April 2011}}</ref><ref name="Shepherd Offshore">{{cite web |url=http://www.shepherdoffshore.com/facilities/halbeath_interchange.html |title=Halbeath Interchange, Fife |publisher=Shepherd Offshore |date=27 April 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722115852/http://www.shepherdoffshore.com/facilities/halbeath_interchange.html |archive-date=22 July 2011 }}</ref> The demolition of the factory began in early 2011 with an expected date for completion at the end of the year. A masterplan is being created for the site identifying significant investment and development opportunities with the potential to create a substantial number of new jobs.<ref name="demolition of Hyundai factory" /><ref name="Shepard Masterplan">{{cite news |url=http://www.dunfermlinepress.com/news/roundup/articles/2011/10/07/418099-new-jobs-on-the-horizon-as-shepherd-puts-in-masterplan/# |last=Fitzpatrick |first=Gary |title=New jobs on the horizon as Shepherd puts in masterplan |newspaper=Dunfermline Press |date=7 October 2011 |access-date=9 October 2011}}</ref> Dunfermline is the principal shopping centre serving the western area of Fife and is the region's second largest town centre by floorspace.<ref name="Dunfermline fact sheet">{{cite web |url=http://www.fife.gov.uk/uploadfiles/publications/c64_DunfermlineTownCentreFS.pdf |title=Dunfermline Town Centre Fact Sheet |publisher=Fife Council |access-date=21 July 2009 }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Retailing accounts for 18% of the total number of jobs in the town.<ref name="Dunfermline Area Economic Profile5-6" /> A [[Business Improvement District#United Kingdom|BID]] (Business Improvement District) scheme for the town centre has been in operation since 2009.<ref name="Dunfermline Area Economic Profile15">{{cite web |url=http://publications.1fife.org.uk/uploadfiles/publications/c64_Dunfermline_EconProfile.pdf |title=Dunfermline Area Economic Profile |publisher=Fife Council |format=[[Portable Document File|PDF]] |page=15 |date=December 2011 |access-date=18 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101052502/http://publications.1fife.org.uk/uploadfiles/publications/c64_Dunfermline_EconProfile.pdf |archive-date=1 November 2013 }}</ref><ref name="Dunfermline BID">{{cite web |url=http://www.fifedirect.org.uk/news/index.cfm?fuseaction=news.display&objectid=F90D4BB8-B4BE-DCDC-CFFAD743C07D3D75 |title=Dunfermline Delivers YES vote for city centre |publisher=Fife Council |date=19 June 2009 |access-date=18 May 2012}}</ref> The majority of shops and retail services in Dunfermline are concentrated in the town centre along a [[high street]]. The [[Kingsgate Centre|Kingsgate Shopping Centre]] is located on the pedestrianised section of the High Street giving Dunfermline a mix of modern and traditional shops.<ref name="Kingsgate extension by mivan">{{cite web |url=http://www.mivan.com/news/item/94/kingsgate-extension-on-schedule-for-august-2008-opening |title=Kingsgate Extension on Schedule for August 2008 Opening |publisher=Mivan |year=2008 |access-date=2 March 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120406042340/http://www.mivan.com/news/item/94/kingsgate-extension-on-schedule-for-august-2008-opening |archive-date=6 April 2012 }}</ref><ref name="Kingsgate extension by Crossland properties">{{cite web |url=http://www.dppllp.com/our-services/planning/case-studies/kingsgate-shopping-centre-dunfermline.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720163746/http://www.dppllp.com/our-services/planning/case-studies/kingsgate-shopping-centre-dunfermline.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 July 2011 |title=Kingsgate Shopping Centre – Crosslands Property Ltd |publisher=dpp |year=2008 |access-date=2 March 2011 }}</ref> A major extension of the Kingsgate Shopping Centre was completed in 2008 improving and expanding the retail offer in the town by attracting a major department store brand and range of other smaller retailers.<ref name="Kingsgate extension by mivan" /><ref name="Kingsgate extension by Crossland properties" /> Other retail areas in Dunfermline exist at Carnegie Drive Retail Park to the north of the town centre and Halbeath Retail Park to the east of the town.<ref name="Dunfermline Area Economic Profile15" /> A large neighbourhood centre with one of the towns major supermarkets was also built as part of the eastern expansion area of Dunfermline. The Fife Leisure Park, constructed in 1999 is adjacent to the [[M90 motorway|M90]] at Halbeath on the eastern outskirts of Dunfermline. The leisure park has a large cinema, a health club, bowling alley and a number of restaurants.<ref name="Fife Leisure Park brochure">{{cite web |url=http://www.grosvenor.com/NR/rdonlyres/A24359CE-FC40-4856-8AFC-F392AF5BA8AC/11197/CommercialBritainIrelandFifeFifeLeisurePark.pdf |title=Fife Leisure Park |publisher=Grosvenor |access-date=27 April 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723205902/http://www.grosvenor.com/NR/rdonlyres/A24359CE-FC40-4856-8AFC-F392AF5BA8AC/11197/CommercialBritainIrelandFifeFifeLeisurePark.pdf |archive-date=23 July 2011 }}</ref> ==Landmarks and notable buildings== [[File:Dunfermline Abbey Geograph.jpg|thumb|right|Dunfermline Palace and Abbey]] The Category A listed<ref name="Dunf Abbey listing">{{HEScotland |num=LB25960 |desc=Dunfermline Abbey |access-date=27 June 2023}}</ref> [[Dunfermline Abbey]] on the Kirkgate is one of the best examples of Scoto-Norman monastic architecture.<ref name="Walker and Ritchie129">Walker and Ritchie, ''Fife, Perthshire and Angus'', p.129.</ref> The Abbey, built between 1128 and 1150 under [[David I of Scotland|David I]], was a reconstruction of the [[Order of St Benedict|Benedictine]] chapel dedicated to the [[Trinity|Holy Trinity]], founded by his mother, [[Saint Margaret of Scotland|Queen Margaret]].<ref name="Fife Regional Council16">Fife Regional Council, ''Medieval Abbeys and Churches in Fife'', p.16.</ref><ref name="Fawcett89">Fawcett, ''Royal Dunfermline'', p.89.</ref> Despite much of the monastic buildings being destroyed by the troops of [[Edward I]] in 1303, there are substantial remains, with the lower stories of the dormitory and latrine blocks on the east side of the cloister being the earliest surviving parts, dating back to the early 13th century.<ref name="Fife Regional Council16" /><ref name="Lamont-Brown182">Lamont Brown, ''Fife in History and Legend'', p.182.</ref> The Abbey parish church, designed by the architect [[William Burn]], was built between 1818 and 1821 on the site of the medieval choir and transepts which had been the eastern part of the abbey.<ref name="Fife Regional Council16" /><ref name="Fawcett59">Fawcett, 2005, p.59.</ref> The main Dunfermline War Memorial on Monastery Street was unveiled by the Lord Lieutenant of Fife, Sir Ralph Anstruther, in 1925. A Second World War Memorial and garden of remembrance were added in 1958 on a site assumed to have been home to the Apiaries of the Monastery. The memorial lists 632 of those killed in the First World War and another 275 in the Second World War.<ref name="Carnegie Dunfermline Trust264-265">Carnegie Dunfermline Trust, ''Dunfermline: Our Heritage'', pp.264–265.</ref> To the north of the abbey, on the corner of Maygate and Abbot Street, is the Category A listed<ref name="Abbot House listing">{{HEScotland |num=LB25978 |desc=21 Maygate and Abbot Street, Abbot House |access-date=27 June 2023}}</ref> [[Abbot House, Dunfermline|Abbot House]].<ref name="Carnegie Dunfermline Trust14">Carnegie Dunfermline Trust, ''Dunfermline: Our Heritage'', p.14.</ref> This is the oldest secular building still standing in Dunfermline.<ref name="Pearson19">Pearson, ''Around Dunfermline'', p.19.</ref><ref name="Abbot House excavations1">Tayside and Fife Archaeological Journal, ''Excavations at the Abbot's House, Dunfermline'', p.1.</ref> The house was originally built in the mid-fifteenth century as a residence for Abbot Richard Bothwell and this role continued until Commendator George Durie left to move into new apartments at the [[Dunfermline Palace|Palace]] in 1540.<ref name="Carnegie Dunfermline Trust14" /><ref name="Durie24">Durie, ''Dunfermline: Britain in Old Photographs'', p.24.</ref> Along Abbot Street is the Category B listed<ref name="Carnegie library listing">{{HEScotland |num=LB25979 |desc=Abbot Street, Central Library |access-date=27 June 2023}}</ref> [[Dunfermline Carnegie Library]] which was built between 1881 and 1883.<ref name="Pearson17">Pearson, ''Around Dunfermline'', p.17.</ref><ref name="Gifford188">Gifford, ''Buildings of Fife'', p.188.</ref> This [[Carnegie library|library]] was the first in the world to be funded via donations by steel magnate and philanthropist [[Andrew Carnegie]]. A total of 2,811 free public libraries were eventually built altogether.<ref name="Pearson17" /> At the top of Moodie Street is the Category B listed<ref name="Carnegie's birthplace listing">{{HEScotland |num=LB26026 |desc=Andrew Carnegie birthplace |access-date=27 June 2023}}</ref> handloom weavers' cottage, the birthplace of Andrew Carnegie, which dates from the early 18th century.<ref name="Pearson13">Pearson, ''Around Dunfermline'', p.13.</ref><ref name="MacKay23">MacKay, ''Little Boss: The Life of Andrew Carnegie'', p.23.</ref> An adjacent memorial hall was added to the birthplace in 1928.<ref name="Carnegie Dunfermline Trust21">Carnegie Dunfermline Trust, ''Our Heritage'', p.21.</ref> Just off East Port between Carnegie Hall and the High Street is [[Viewfield House, Dunfermline|Viewfield House]], a large square stone [[Palladian]] three storey villa, built in about 1808 for James Blackwood, Provost of Dunfermline, and now a listed building. It served as home to the Carnegie Trust's Craft School from 1920 to 1940.<ref name=BLB>[http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/sc-26019-viewfield-terrace-3-8-inclusive-nos-viewf British Listed Buildings: Viewfield House, Category:B] Retrieved 9 January 2017.</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.dunfermlineheritage.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=121&Itemid=191&limit=1&limitstart=10 | title=Dunfermline Heritage Roots | publisher=Dunfermline Heritage | work=Education | page=10 | access-date=9 January 2016 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304033545/http://dunfermlineheritage.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=121&Itemid=191&limit=1&limitstart=10 | archive-date=4 March 2016 }}</ref> [[File:Abbot House, Dunfermline Fife.jpg|thumb|left|[[Abbot House, Dunfermline|Abbot House]] (rear view)]] The Category A listed<ref name="Guildhall listing">{{HEScotland |num=LB25999 |desc=Former Guiildhall |access-date=27 June 2023}}</ref> [[Dunfermline Guildhall]] on the High Street was erected in 1807 by the guilds of the local merchants who were ambitious for Dunfermline to become the county town of Fife.<ref name="Pearson19" /> Lack of funds forced the building to be sold, but in 1811 funds were available to add the {{convert|40|m|ft|adj=mid|-high}} steeple.<ref name="Pearson19" /> At the west end of the High Street is the Category A listed<ref name="City Chambers listing">{{HEScotland |num=LB25973 |desc=City Chambers |access-date=27 June 2023}}</ref> City Chambers with its {{convert|36|m|ft|adj=mid|-high}} high central clock tower and turrets, designed by [[James Campbell Walker]] and built between 1876 and 1879 .<ref name="Pearson21">Pearson, ''Around Dunfermline'', p.21.</ref> In the car park between Bruce Street and Chambers Street is St Margaret's Cave, a place where she would retreat to pray in peace and quiet.<ref name="Pearson21" /> The cave was re-opened in 1993 to celebrate the 900th anniversary of her death.<ref name="Pearson21" /><ref name="McEwan133">McEwan, ''Dunfermline: The Post-War Years'', p.133.</ref> Forming the main entrance to Pittencrieff Park at the junction of Bridge Street and Chalmers Street are the Category A listed<ref name="Louise Carnegie Memorial Gates listing">{{HEScotland |num=LB25972 |desc=Louise Carnegie Memorial Gates, Dunfermline |access-date=27 June 2023}}</ref> Louise Carnegie Memorial Gates, otherwise known as the ''Glen Gates''.<ref name="Durie71">Durie, 2009, p.71.</ref><ref name="Carnegie Dunfermline Trust191">Carnegie Dunfermline Trust, 1998, p.191.</ref> The gates, which opened in 1929, were paid for by the Dunfermline Carnegie Trust and named after Louise Carnegie, the wife of Andrew Carnegie.<ref name="DHCP18-19">Dunfermline Heritage Community Projects, 2007, pp.18–19.</ref> They lead up a path to a [[bronze]] statue of Andrew Carnegie which was unveiled in 1914.<ref name="Pearson21" /><ref name="DHCP18-19" /> [[File:Pittencrieff House.JPG|thumb|right|Pittencrieff House Museum]] In the subsequent development of the modern park, the Category A listed<ref name="Pittencrieff House listing">{{HEScotland |num=LB25968 |desc=Pittencrieff House, Dunfermline |access-date=27 June 2023}}</ref> Pittencrieff House, built around 1610 for Sir William Clerk of Penicuik, was designed as a centre piece.<ref name="Hendrie24">Hendrie, William F. ''Old Dunfermline'' p. 24.</ref><ref name="Durie72">Durie, ''Dunfermline: Britain in Old Photographs'', p.72.</ref> Two of the bedrooms were converted to create two long galleries for museum and art exhibition space in a restoration programme undertaken by Sir [[Robert Lorimer]] between 1911 and 1913.<ref name="Hendrie24" /> Work on the building was completed in 2010 to repair and reharl the property, restoring the original ochre-coloured limewash exterior. The project was funded through the £1.7 million Dunfermline Conservation Area Regeneration Scheme (CARS) under a partnership between Fife Council and Historic Scotland.<ref name="Pittencrieff House revealed">{{cite web |url=http://www.fifedirect.org.uk/news/index.cfm?fuseaction=news.display&objectid=EB064547-C2D0-2202-CC7C93CECD834166|title=Pittencrieff House revealed|publisher=Fife Council|access-date=7 July 2011|date=18 October 2005}}</ref> A number of stately homes also exist on the outskirts of the town. The Category A listed<ref name="Pitfirrane Castle listing">{{HEScotland |num=LB3759 |desc=Pitfirrane Castle |access-date=27 June 2023}}</ref> Pitfirrane Castle, to the west of Dunfermline, was once the seat of the Halkett family.<ref name="Gifford343">Gifford, ''Buildings of Fife'', p.343.</ref><ref name="Carnegie Dunfermline Trust168–171">Carnegie Dunfermline Trust, ''Our Heritage'', pp.168–171"</ref> The castle, which dates from the 16th century, was purchased by the Carnegie Dunfermline Trust in 1951 for the use as a clubhouse for Dunfermline Golf Club.<ref name="Carnegie Dunfermline Trust168–171" /> To the south of Dunfermline is the Category A listed Hill House<ref name="Hill House listing">{{HEScotland |num=LB26050 |desc=Hill House |access-date=27 June 2023}}</ref> and [[Pitreavie Castle]].<ref name="Pitreavie Castle listing">{{HEScotland |num=LB26058 |desc=Pitreavie Castle |access-date=27 June 2023}}</ref> Both dating from the mid-17th century, Hill House was built as a residence for William Monteith of Randford and Pitreavie Castle as a manor house by Sir Hendry Wardlaw.<ref name="Dunfermline Carnegie Trust168–171">Dunfermline Carnegie Trust, ''Our Heritage'', pp.168–171"</ref><ref name="Carnegie Dunfermline Trust17">Carnegie Dunfermline Trust, ''Our Heritage'', p.17.</ref> To the south-west of Dunfermline is the Category A listed<ref name="Logie House listing">{{HEScotland |num=LB3776 |desc=Logie House |access-date=27 June 2023}}</ref> Logie House, built as an Edwardian residence and seat for the Hunt family.<ref name="Gifford315">Gifford, ''Buildings of Fife'', p.315.</ref> Further Carnegie funded buildings include the Carnegie Leisure Centre, designed by [[Hippolyte Blanc]] in 1905, and the Carnegie Clinic by [[H & D Barclay]] from 1909 to 1912.<ref>Carnegie Museum notes</ref> ==Culture== [[File:Glen Gates, Dunfermline.jpg|thumb|left|Louise Carnegie Memorial Gates, leading into Pittencrieff Park]] [[Pittencrieff Park]] forms the western boundary of the town centre covering {{convert|76|acre|ha|order=flip}}. It was given to the people of Dunfermline in 1903 by [[Andrew Carnegie]].<ref name="DHCP18-19" /><ref name="Pittencrieff Park">{{cite web |url=http://www.fifedirect.org.uk/atoz/index.cfmfuseaction=facility.display&facid=3D027727-4747-4FC9-83E667386CF5D1D0 |title=Pittencrieff Park, Dunfermline |publisher=Fife Council |access-date=10 July 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120318152906/http://www.fifedirect.org.uk/atoz/index.cfmfuseaction%3Dfacility.display%26facid%3D3D027727-4747-4FC9-83E667386CF5D1D0 |archive-date=18 March 2012 }}</ref> The park is known locally as ''the Glen'' and was created from the estate of Pittencrieff and the lands of the house, owned by the Lairds of Pittencrieff.<ref name="DHCP18-19" /><ref name="Pittencrieff Park" /> A £1.4 million project to regenerate, restore and re-establish the park began in 2009 and is ongoing.<ref name="Pittencrieff for heritage lottery funding">{{cite web |last=Clark |first=Leeza |url=http://www.thecourier.co.uk/News/Fife/article/9412/pittencrieff-park-bids-for-further-regeneration-funds.html |title=Pittencrieff Park bids for further regeneration funds |publisher=The Courier |location=Dundee |date=10 January 2011 |access-date=10 July 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110113132837/http://www.thecourier.co.uk/News/Fife/article/9412/pittencrieff-park-bids-for-further-regeneration-funds.html |archive-date=13 January 2011 }}</ref><ref name="Pittencrieff regeneration plans">{{cite web |url=http://www.fifedirect.org.uk/news/index.cfm?fuseaction=news.display&objectid=7FFB0BD7-DD3A-4A3C-00BFEAFC3A3CACE4 |title=Pittencrieff Park's regeneration plans revealed |publisher=Fife Council |access-date=13 January 2011 |date=10 July 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120318152857/http://www.fifedirect.org.uk/news/index.cfm?fuseaction=news.display&objectid=7FFB0BD7-DD3A-4A3C-00BFEAFC3A3CACE4 |archive-date=18 March 2012 }}</ref> In December 2011 Pittencrieff Park was awarded £710,000 through the [[Heritage Lottery Fund]]'s ''Parks for People'' programme for essential maintenance work. A previous award of £27,000 was made under this scheme in 2010.<ref name="Pittencrieff for heritage lottery funding" /> The work included the restoration of historic buildings and bridges; new lighting and the refurbishment of the greenhouse to create a classroom.<ref name="Lottery funding boost">{{cite news |last=Smith |first=Craig |title=Lottery funding boost to upgrade Pittencrieff Park |page=5 |publisher=The Courier |location=Dundee |date=19 December 2011}}</ref><ref name="Heritage Lottery Fund good cheer">{{cite web |url=http://www.fifedirect.org.uk/news/index.cfm?fuseaction=news.display&objectid=5AEE23DD-A175-39DE-D36A76438E46D261 |title=Tidings of Heritage Lottery Fund good cheer for Pittencrieff Park |publisher=Fife Council |date=20 December 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407085236/http://www.fifedirect.org.uk/news/index.cfm?fuseaction=news.display&objectid=5AEE23DD-A175-39DE-D36A76438E46D261 |archive-date=7 April 2014 }}</ref> A separate £1 million project finished in 2012, extending the Glen Pavilion to provide a new 120 seat cafe and linking corridor to the rear of the building.<ref name="Lottery funding boost" /><ref>{{cite web|title=About the park|url=http://www.fifedirect.org.uk/minisites/index.cfm?fuseaction=page.display&pageid=320AA11F-B6D6-9AE4-7CD8C3B372635C1C&siteID=21DA1D9C-05CC-2C35-C758EF9190D7456D|website=Fifedirect|access-date=7 September 2016|date=22 April 2013}}</ref> The Bruce Festival is an annual attraction held in Pittencrieff Park every August.<ref name="festival fit for a king">{{cite news |url=http://www.scotsman.com/news/dunfermline-announces-a-festival-fit-for-a-king-1-1667137 |title=Dunfermline announces a Festival fit for a King |newspaper=The Scotsman |location=Edinburgh |date=31 May 2011 |access-date=3 April 2012}}</ref><ref name="Dunfermline Area Economic Profile20">{{cite web |url=http://publications.1fife.org.uk/uploadfiles/publications/c64_Dunfermline_EconProfile.pdf |title=Dunfermline Area Economic Profile |publisher=Fife Council |format=[[Portable Document File|PDF]] |page=20 |date=December 2011 |access-date=3 June 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101052502/http://publications.1fife.org.uk/uploadfiles/publications/c64_Dunfermline_EconProfile.pdf |archive-date=1 November 2013 }}</ref> The festival which promotes [[Robert The Bruce]]'s links to Dunfermline centres on a medieval village and is home to a food fayre, battle reenactments and displays of arts and crafts.<ref name="festival fit for a king" /><ref name="Bruce Festival">{{cite news |last=Lee |first=Siew Peng |url=http://www.dunfermlinepress.com/news/roundup/articles/2009/07/02/389132-battle-on-to-keep-the-citys-bruce-festival |title=Battle on to keep the city's Bruce Festival |newspaper=Dunfermline Press |date=2 May 2009 |access-date=3 April 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113120134/http://www.dunfermlinepress.com/news/roundup/articles/2009/07/02/389132-battle-on-to-keep-the-citys-bruce-festival |archive-date=13 January 2015 }}</ref> The [[Andrew Carnegie]] birthplace museum at the corner of Moodie Street and Priory Lane is dedicated to the well-known businessman and philanthropist.<ref name="Hendrie30">Hendrie, ''Old Dunfermline'', p. 30.</ref><ref name="DHCP11">Dunfermline Heritage Community Projects, 2007, p.11.</ref> The museum is made up of two buildings; the weaver's cottage, his birthplace and the memorial hall which tells his life story.<ref name="DHCP11" /> Annual heritage walks organised by the museum take place each summer.<ref name="Hendrie30"/> The Abbot House on Maygate is the oldest building in the town. In 2017, Dunfermline Carnegie Library & Galleries opened, an extension of the former Carnegie library building.<ref name="Dunfermline museum">{{cite news|last=Clark|first=Leeza|title=Dunfermline Museum gathers pace|date=28 February 2012|publisher=The Courier|location=Dundee|page=5}}</ref><ref name="home to Scotland's first kings">{{cite news |url=http://news.scotsman.com/edinburgh/Home-to-Scotland39s-first-kings.6634250.jp |title=Home to Scotland's first kings – now £10m museum to be town's new crowning glory |newspaper=The Scotsman |access-date=22 November 2010 |date=22 November 2010 |location=Edinburgh |first=Tim |last=Cornwell}}</ref> This provides the town with museum, art gallery, archive, library, cafe and garden spaces.<ref name="home to Scotland's first kings" /> Funders included Fife Council (£6.8 million) and the Heritage Lottery Fund (£2.8 million).<ref name="Dunfermline museum" /> The building has won architectural awards: EAA Building of the Year and Royal Incorporation of Architects in Scotland's (RIAS) Andrew Doolan prize.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.onfife.com/venues/dunfermline-carnegie-library-galleries/|title=Dunfermline Carnegie Library & Galleries|website=OnFife}}</ref> Dunfermline has two theatres, Carnegie Hall on East Port and the [[Alhambra Theatre, Dunfermline|Alhambra]] on Canmore Street. Carnegie Hall hosts a range of theatrical and musical productions including an annual Christmas show. The Music Institute, adjacent to the Hall also provides workshops, classes and children's groups.<ref name="Carnegie Hall">{{cite web |url=http://www.onfife.com/venues/carnegie-hall/overview |title=Carnegie Hall – Overview |publisher=Arts and Theatres Trust, Fife |access-date=23 November 2011 |archive-date=26 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111126232441/http://www.onfife.com/venues/carnegie-hall/overview |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Alhambra, which opened in 1922, originally served as a dual-purpose role hosting both theatrical productions and films. In 2008, the theatre re-opened as a theatre and live music venue.<ref name="Alhambra Theatre history">{{cite web |url=http://www.alhambradunfermline.com/history/ |title=A Short History of The Alhambra Theatre Dunfermline |publisher=Alhambra Theatre |access-date=7 December 2011}}</ref> Since 1938, Dunfermline has also been home to the 'Kinema Ballroom' a ballroom/dancehall which has evolved into a famous live music performance venue and nightclub which has hosted many internationally acclaimed artists.<ref name="KinemaGigz">{{cite web |url=http://www.kinemagigz.com/default.htm |title=KinemaGigz – The Whole Story of the Kinema Ballroom in Dunfermline|publisher=Ghoulz |access-date=14 June 2013}}</ref> Local groups include the Dunfermline Folk Club, Dunfermline Abbey Choir and Dunfermline district pipe band. The venue is now a world buffet restaurant. Dunfermline Fire Station, a category B listed building,<ref>{{HEScotland |desc=CARNEGIE DRIVE, DUNFERMLINE FIRE STATION |num=LB26042 |access-date=20 December 2021}}</ref> is an arts venue, cafe and studio space.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fife business – Fire Station Creative |url=https://www.welcometofife.com/view-business/fire-station-creative |website=Welcome to Fife – View Business |access-date=20 December 2021}}</ref> ==Media== Television signals are received from either the [[Craigkelly transmitting station|Craigkelly]] or [[Black Hill transmitting station|Black Hill]] TV transmitters.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://ukfree.tv/transmitters/tv/Craigkelly | title= Full Freeview on the Craigkelly (Fife, Scotland) transmitter | date= 1 May 2004 | accessdate = 13 October 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ukfree.tv/transmitters/tv/Black_Hill |title= Full Freeview on the Black Hill (North Lanarkshire, Scotland) transmitter | date= 1 May 2004 |accessdate = 13 October 2023 }}</ref> [[Radio West Fife]] is one of the oldest hospital radio stations in Scotland which broadcasts by landline to the [[Queen Margaret Hospital]] in the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://radiowestfife.scot/|title=Radio West Fife|access-date=13 October 2023}}</ref> The town is also served by nation-wide radio stations, [[BBC Radio Scotland]], [[Forth 1]], [[Kingdom FM]] and [[Forth 2|Greatest Hits Radio Scotland]]. The [[Dunfermline Press]] is the town's weekly local newspaper.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishpapers.co.uk/scotland/dunfermline-press/|title=Dunfermline Press|date=9 July 2014|website=British Papers|accessdate= 13 October 2023}}</ref> The official guide to Dunfermline looked after by the Local Tourism Association is [https://www.dunfermline.com Dunfermline.com] ==Sports== [[File:Dunfermline_v_Airdrie_-_Pre_Match_(3).jpg|thumb|right|East End Park, the home stadium of Dunfermline Athletic F.C.]] Dunfermline is home to a professional [[Association football|football]] team, as well as [[Rugby union|rugby]] and [[cricket]] teams.<ref name="McEwan p97">McEwan, Bert ''Dunfermline The Post-War Years'' p. 97.</ref> The senior football team, [[Dunfermline Athletic F.C.|Dunfermline Athletic]] play their games at [[East End Park, Dunfermline|East End Park]] in the [[Scottish Championship]].<ref name="Dunfermline Athletic">{{cite web |url=http://www.scottishfootballleague.com/club/dunfermline-athletic/ |title=Dunfermline Athletic F.C. Club Information |publisher=Scottish Football League |access-date=22 October 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021155049/http://www.scottishfootballleague.com/club/dunfermline-athletic/ |archive-date=21 October 2012 }}</ref> The team have become famous for winning the [[Scottish Cup]] twice in the 1960s (1961 and 1968) gaining a reputation as a side for competitive football in both England and mainland Europe.<ref name="McEwan p97" /> The senior rugby team, [[Dunfermline RFC]] play their games at McKane Park in [[Caledonia Regional League|Caledonia League Division 1]].<ref name="McEwan p97" /><ref name="Dunfermline RC">{{cite web |url=http://www.scottishrugby.org/fixtures-results/?competition=107986 |title=Fixtures & Results – BT Caledonia League Division 1|publisher=Scottish Rugby |date=7 June 2016}}</ref> [[Dunfermline Reign]] are a basketball team that competes in the [[Scottish Men's National League]] Division 1. The team reached the playoffs for the first time in 2017. Dunfermline Tennis Club plays at Bothwell Street, competing in East of Scotland and national competitions. The club's ladies team has won the Scottish Cup a record 18 times since 1988.<ref name="DTC Scottish Cup Wins">{{cite news |url=http://www.dunfermlinepress.com/sport/14562505.Scottish_Cup_final_beckons_for_Dunfermline_Tennis_Club/ |title=Dunfermline Tennis Club's ladies team through to face Newlands in Edinburgh|newspaper=Dunfermline Press |date=18 June 2016 |access-date=5 August 2018}}</ref> There is also a cricket club based at Carnegie Cricket Ground, an athletics ground at Pitreavie and three golf courses (Dunfermline, Canmore and Pitreavie).<ref name="McEwan p97" /> Carnegie Leisure Centre (originally Carnegie swimming baths) is the main sports centre. A £17.2 million major refurbishment and extension to the centre was completed in November 2011. The work has included the conversion of a {{convert|25|yd|m|adj=on}} Edwardian training pool into a modern 25-metre 6-lane deck-level pool with movable floor; an improved entrance and reception area with a new cafe and a new state-of-the-art gym with 80 stations.<ref name="Carnegie Leisure Centre Refurbishment">{{cite web |url=http://www.fifeleisure.org.uk/leisurecentres/carnegie/carnegie-temporary.html |title=Transforming Carnegie Leisure Centre |publisher=Fife Sports and Leisure Trust (Fife Council) |access-date=10 July 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110904020848/http://www.fifeleisure.org.uk/leisurecentres/carnegie/carnegie-temporary.html |archive-date=4 September 2011 }}</ref> The Dunfermline Kings are the town's American football team, playing their games at Duloch Park. The town's competitive running clubs include Dunfermline Track and Field Club, [[Pitreavie AAC]] and PH Racing Club. There are also a number of local jogging groups. Dunfermline Cycling Club located in the towns Pittencrieff Park was formed in 1935 and is now one of the largest cycling clubs in Scotland. It has members who take part in competition and recreational events.<ref>{{cite web |title=Dunfermline Cycling Club |url=http://www.dunfermlinecc.com |website=dunfermlinecc |access-date=3 June 2021 }}</ref> ==Education== {{See also|List of schools in Dunfermline}} [[File:NT0986 - Dunfermline High School.jpg|thumb|right|190px|[[Dunfermline High School]], established in 1468, is [[List of oldest schools|one of the oldest schools in the world]]]] Dunfermline has four secondary schools and fourteen primary schools.<ref name="Fife's primary schools">{{cite web |url=http://www.fifedirect.org.uk/topics/index.cfm?fuseaction=page.facbytype&p2sid=043BF57A-AB13-4234-A09129B67DC45CAA&themeid=2B4D39FB-1CC4-E06A-5201AAA15FE8C653 |title=A list of all primary schools in Fife |publisher=Fife Council |access-date=1 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111103183844/http://fifedirect.org.uk/topics/index.cfm?fuseaction=page.facbytype&p2sid=043BF57A-AB13-4234-A09129B67DC45CAA&themeid=2B4D39FB-1CC4-E06A-5201AAA15FE8C653 |archive-date=3 November 2011 |date=7 July 2011 }}</ref><ref name="Fife's secondary schools">{{cite web |url=http://www.fifedirect.org.uk/topics/index.cfm?fuseaction=page.facbytype&p2sid=043EA778-9665-AB38-2B631999D9054F5C&themeid=2B4D39FB-1CC4-E06A-5201AAA15FE8C653 |title=A list of all secondary schools in Fife |publisher=Fife Council |access-date=1 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111101013728/http://www.fifedirect.org.uk/topics/index.cfm?fuseaction=page.facbytype&p2sid=043EA778-9665-AB38-2B631999D9054F5C&themeid=2B4D39FB-1CC4-E06A-5201AAA15FE8C653 |archive-date=1 November 2011 |date=7 July 2011 }}</ref> Other educational facilities include a private school and Calaiswood ASN School for children with learning difficulties and complex health needs. [[Dunfermline High School]] is the oldest secondary in the town, having originated in 1816 on what is now Queen Anne Street.<ref name="Henderson588">Henderson, ''The Annals of Dunfermline and Vicinity from the earliest authentic period to the present time 1069–1878'', p.588.</ref> The school which serves both the southern and western parts of the town as well as [[Rosyth]] and [[Kincardine-on-Forth|Kincardine]] has occupied a site on St Leonard's Street since 1939.<ref name="Guide to Dunfermline37-38">Dunfermline Heritage Community Projects, ''Your Guide to Dunfermline'', pp.37–38.</ref><ref name="Dunf. H.S. Inspection">{{cite web |url=http://www.hmie.gov.uk/documents/inspection/5446139DunfermlineHSreport.html |title=Dunfermline High School Inspection |publisher=HMIE |access-date=1 April 2010 }}{{dead link|date=October 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A new £40 million Dunfermline High School opened in August 2012.<ref name="New DHS">{{cite web |url=http://www.fifedirect.org.uk/news/index.cfm?fuseaction=news.display&objectid=37DED8F0-0409-9E3E-5566A956A7EEFA95 |title=New Dunfermline High School set to go ahead |publisher=Fife Council |date=20 August 2009 |access-date=31 October 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304155827/http://www.fifedirect.org.uk/news/index.cfm?fuseaction=news.display&objectid=37DED8F0-0409-9E3E-5566A956A7EEFA95 |archive-date=4 March 2012 }}</ref><ref name="school projects in Fife">{{cite web |url=http://www.thecourier.co.uk/News/Fife/article/5859/assurances-on-progress-of-all-region-s-schools-projects.html |title=Assurances on progress of all region's school projects |publisher=The Courier |date=1 October 2010 |access-date=17 February 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217181142/http://www.thecourier.co.uk/News/Fife/article/5859/assurances-on-progress-of-all-region-s-schools-projects.html |archive-date=17 December 2010 }}</ref> The old school was demolished, allowing new playing fields for the school in 2013.<ref name="school projects in Fife" /> [[Queen Anne High School Dunfermline|Queen Anne High School]] is located in Wellwood towards the northwest area of the town. [[Woodmill High School]], originally a junior secondary, was upgraded to a High School in 1972.<ref name="McEwan40-41">McEwan, ''Dunfermline: The Post-War Years'', pp.40–41.</ref> The school was first established in Priory Lane before moving to a new building on Shields Road in 1960 and serves the eastern side of the town as well as the villages of Crombie, [[Limekilns]] and [[North Queensferry]].<ref name="McEwan40-41" /><ref name="Woodmill H.S. Inspection">{{cite web |url=http://www.hmie.gov.uk/documents/inspection/5446430WoodmillHighSchool.html |title=Woodmill High School Inspection |publisher=HMIE |date=22 January 2008 |access-date=6 February 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120315224001/http://www.hmie.gov.uk/documents/inspection/5446430WoodmillHighSchool.html |archive-date=15 March 2012 }}</ref> [[St. Columba's R.C. High School, Dunfermline|St Columba's High]], which opened in 1969 is one of two [[Roman Catholic]] secondary schools in Fife. The school caters for pupils living in West Fife from [[Kincardine-on-Forth|Kincardine]] in the west to [[Cowdenbeath]] in the east.<ref name="McEwan40-41" /> Further education is provided by [[Fife College]]. It was founded as Lauder Technical School in 1899 and funded by Andrew Carnegie who named it after his uncle, [[George Lauder (Scottish industrialist)|George Lauder]] who had been a campaigner for free technical education.<ref name="Durie74">Durie, ''Dunfermline: Britain in Old Photographs'', p.74.</ref> A textile school, founded in 1910 and also funded by Carnegie later merged with the technical school in 1927.<ref name="Durie74" /> The school became known as a technical college in 1951 and the name was then shortened to Lauder College in the late 20th century before becoming [[Carnegie College]] in 2007.<ref name="Durie74" /><ref name="Lauder College reshaped">{{cite web |url=http://www.carnegiecollege.ac.uk/Lauder-College-Reshaped/Carnegie-College-%7c-Studying-in-Dunfermline-%7c-Lauder-College-Reshaped-%7c-Scotland.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100323044424/http://www.carnegiecollege.ac.uk/Lauder-College-Reshaped/Carnegie-College-%7C-Studying-in-Dunfermline-%7C-Lauder-College-Reshaped-%7C-Scotland.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=23 March 2010 |title=Lauder College Reshaped |publisher=Lauder College |access-date=18 May 2012 }}</ref> In 2013 Carnegie became part of Fife College. It is a partner of the Dunfermline Business Centre and provides courses catering to over 10,000 students annually.<ref name="McEwan40-41" /><ref name="Carnegie College">{{cite web |url=http://www.carnegiecollege.ac.uk/About-Us/About-Carnegie-College-%7C-Further-Education-Courses-%7C-Dunfermline-%7C-Scotland.html |title=About Carnegie College |publisher=HMIE |access-date=1 May 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090830011959/http://www.carnegiecollege.ac.uk/About-Us/About-Carnegie-College-%7C-Further-Education-Courses-%7C-Dunfermline-%7C-Scotland.html |archive-date=30 August 2009 }}</ref> ==Public services== Waste management is handled by the [[local authority]], [[Fife Council]]. There is a kerbside [[recycling]] scheme in operation in the town. A four-bin collection is in place for the majority of residents living within Fife.<ref name="Four bin service">{{cite web |url=http://www.fifedirect.org.uk/uploadfiles/publications/c64_March09ZWPlanforFife.pdf |title=Three bin service |publisher=Fife Council |date=17 February 2011 }}{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Dunfermline has one recycling centre and several recycling points, all operated by the [[local authority]], Fife Council.<ref name="Recycling Centre in Dunfermline">{{cite web |url=http://www.fifedirect.org.uk/atoz/index.cfm?fuseaction=facility.display&facid=F9D4B350-8EC0-44EB-B351866572C80F36 |title=Recycling Centre in Dunfermline |publisher=Fife Council |access-date=27 April 2011|date=15 January 2003 }}</ref><ref name="Recycling Points in Dunfermline">{{cite web |url=http://www.fifefire.gov.uk/atoz/index.cfm?fuseaction=facility.list&CurrLetter=D |title=List of Recycling Points in Dunfermline |publisher=Fife Council |access-date=27 April 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722175412/http://www.fifefire.gov.uk/atoz/index.cfm?fuseaction=facility.list&CurrLetter=D |archive-date=22 July 2011 }}</ref> Non-hazardous waste is sent to [[landfill]] at Lochhead, near the town and Lower Melville Wood, near [[Ladybank]].<ref name="Landfill sites">{{cite web |url=http://www.fifedirect.org.uk/topics/index.cfm?fuseaction=page.display&p2sid=0B5AB7AD-9CE3-49C2-E2249C7B23835FF3&themeid=81E299FB-1BCF-4994-8C8A-233463B738F6 |title=Landfill Sites in Fife |publisher=Fife Council |date=27 April 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120318152619/http://www.fifedirect.org.uk/topics/index.cfm?fuseaction=page.display&p2sid=0B5AB7AD-9CE3-49C2-E2249C7B23835FF3&themeid=81E299FB-1BCF-4994-8C8A-233463B738F6 |archive-date=18 March 2012 }}</ref> [[Health care|Healthcare]] is supplied by [[NHS Fife]] who have their headquarters at Hayfield House in [[Kirkcaldy]]. The main acute in-patient and accident & emergency services are provided by the [[Victoria Hospital, Kirkcaldy|Victoria Hospital]], Kirkcaldy, {{convert|13|mi|km}} to the east. The [[Queen Margaret Hospital]] provides some long-stay beds but is primarily for out-patient and day care services with a minor injuries unit. [[Fire service in the United Kingdom|Statutory emergency fire and rescue service]] in the town is provided by the Scottish Fire and Rescue Service. The nearest station is at the Pitreavie Industrial Estate.<ref name="Dunfermline Fire Station">{{cite web |url=http://www.fifedirect.org.uk/atoz/index.cfm?fuseaction=facility.display&facid=7DF5224A-8C76-4753-918B7182BFA39195 |title=Dunfermline Fire Station |publisher=Fife Council |access-date=27 April 2011|date=24 April 2003 }}</ref> Policing in Dunfermline is provided by Police Scotland. The headquarters of the Dunfermline area is on 2 Holyrood Place, close to the town centre.<ref name="Dunfermline Area">{{cite web |url=http://www.fife.police.uk/default.aspx?page=4346 |title=Community Policing Division – Dunfermline Area |publisher=Fife Constabulary |access-date=27 April 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928063427/http://www.fife.police.uk/default.aspx?page=4346 |archive-date=28 September 2011 }}</ref> Dunfermline is also served under the East Central Region which covers Tayside, Forth Valley and the Kingdom of Fife of the [[Scottish Ambulance Service]].<ref name="Scottish Ambulance Service">{{cite web |url=http://www.scottishambulance.com/AboutUs/HowWeOrganised.aspx |title=How we are organised |publisher=Scottish Ambulance Service |access-date=27 April 2011 |archive-date=6 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110206081536/http://www.scottishambulance.com/AboutUs/HowWeOrganised.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> There are two ambulance stations in the town; one on Keir Hardie Terrace and the other at the Queen Margaret Hospital on Whitefield Road.<ref name="ambulance stations in Scotland">{{cite web |url=http://www.isdscotland.org/isd/files/Notif0805B.htm |title=A list of ambulance stations in Scotland |publisher=isdscotland |year=2005 |access-date=27 April 2011 |archive-date=13 January 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130113001600/http://www.isdscotland.org/isd/files/Notif0805B.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Provosts of Dunfermline== The role of Provost was abolished in 1996 following the abolition of Dunfermline District Council and its subsequent adoption into [[Fife Council]]. {{Collapsible list |title = List of Provosts of Dunfermline |Alexander Thane (1424–1424) |John Couper (1464–1465) |David Couper (1488–1488) |William Stewart (1489–1490) |David Couper (1490–1491) |John Menteith (1491–1493) |David Couper (1494–1498) |William Simpson (1498–1500) |David Couper (1500–1505) |Henry Bothwell (1505–1511) |Henry Halkett (1511–1512) |Robert Stewart (1516–1517) |John Halkett (1517–1532) |Patrick Halkett (1549–1552) |George Halkett (1585–1585) |Sir Robert Halkett (1606–1608) |James Reid (1610–1611) |Thomas Wardlaw (1611–1621) |James Reid (1622–1625) |Thomas Wardlaw (1625–1628) |James Gib (1629–1629) |Sir Robert Halkett (1630–1634) |James Reid (1638–1639) |Peter Law (1639–1640) |Alexander Clerk (1640–1641) |James Reid (1641–1645) |Peter Law (1646–1646) |James Reid (1647–1647) |Peter Law (1648–1648) |William Walker (1649–1650) |James Reid (1653–1654) |William Walker (1655–1655) |Peter Walker (1655–1656) |James Reid (1656–1656) |William Walker (1657–1658) |Peter Walker (1660–1660) |David Forman (1662–1662) |William Walker (1665–1665) |Peter Walker (1668–1668) |William Walker (1673–1673) |Charles Wardlaw (1673–1673) |Peter Walker (1674–1675) |Charles Wardlaw (1675–1675) |William Walker (1677–1677) |Sir Charles Halkett (1678–1681) |George Durie (1687–1687) |Sir Charles Halkett (1693–1696) |Sir Patrick Murray (1697–1699) |Sir James Halkett (1700–1704) |Sir Peter Halkett (1705–1731) |Marquis of Tweeddale (1734–1739) |Lord Charles Hay (1739–1752) |Sir Peter Halkett (1752–1755) |Alexander Wedderburn (1755–1757) |Francis Halkett (1758–1759) |David Turnbull (1760–1765) |John Wilson Jr. (1765–1774) |David Turnbull (1778–1783) |John Wilson (1783–1787) |Adam Low of Fordell (1787–1789) |John Wilson Jr. (1789–1791) |James Moodie (1792–1797) |John Wilson Jr. (1797–1807) |James Moodie (1800 – 18??) |David Wilson (1808–1822) |John Scotland (1822–1824) |George Meldrum (1830–1831) |John Kerr (1831–1832) |Henry Russell (1832–1836) |James Smith Ronaldson (1843–1849) |James Walls (1877–1883) |Robert Donald (1883–1890) |James Walls (1891–1894) |Thomas Stewart (1915–1915) |Sir [[James Norval]] (1918–1924) |Robert Wilson (1927–1930) |David J. McKay (1933–1936) |James Hoggan (1936–1942) |Donald Thomson Kennedy (1942–1945) |George Izatt (1945–1948) |John Stewart Gellatly (1948–1952) |Robert Hay Robertson (1952–1955) |John Allan (1955–1958) |Archibald Frederick (1958–1961) |Jean H. Mackie (1961–1964) |John S. Anderson (1967–1967) |Robert W. Mill (1984–1988) |James Cameron (1988–1992) }} ==Transport== [[File:Dunfermline town railway station.jpg|thumb|right|[[Dunfermline City railway station]]]] Dunfermline is served by the [[A907 road|A907]] which meets the [[M90 motorway|M90]] and [[A92 road|A92]] to the east of the town at Halbeath Interchange. This connects the town to [[Perth, Scotland|Perth]] to the north, [[Edinburgh]] to the south and [[Kirkcaldy]] to the east. The main routes through the town are Halbeath Road and Carnegie Drive ([[A907 road|A907]]) from east to west.<ref name="Nicholson pp4–7">Nicholson Maps ''Fife – Second Edition'' pp4–7</ref> The main bus terminus is located on a site to the north of the town centre which provides seating, toilets and a cafe.<ref name="DBS">{{cite web|url=http://www.fife.gov.uk/atoz/index.cfm?fuseaction=facility.display&FacId=408ACE50-5B59-44CA-8520DD028D253823 |title=Dunfermline Bus Station info |publisher=Fife Council |access-date=28 October 2008|date=25 October 2002 |archive-date=14 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130914215650/http://fifedirect.org.uk/atoz/index.cfm?fuseaction=facility.display&facid=408ACE50-5B59-44CA-8520DD028D253823 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In addition to this, there are also two [[Park and Ride]] schemes nearby at Ferrytoll, to the south of [[Inverkeithing]], and Halbeath. There are plans to create a "park and choose" site at [[Rosyth railway station|Rosyth]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Harris |first1=Simon |title=£6.4m park and choose at Rosyth to become 'a reality' |url=https://www.dunfermlinepress.com/news/18184486.6-4m-park-choose-rosyth-become-a-reality/ |access-date=4 May 2021 |work=Dunfermline Press |publisher=Dunfermline Press |date=29 January 2021 |archive-date=28 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628185218/https://www.dunfermlinepress.com/news/18184486.6-4m-park-choose-rosyth-become-a-reality/ |url-status=live}}</ref> There was formerly a second bus station, called St. Margarets. It is now a car park.<ref>{{cite web|title=Fife no more – vanishing depots, bus stations and routes|url=http://www.photo-transport.co.uk/buses/fife-no-more/fife-no-more.htm|url-status=live|access-date=28 July 2021|website=Photo Transport|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050313223506/http://www.photo-transport.co.uk:80/buses/fife-no-more/fife-no-more.htm |archive-date=13 March 2005 }}</ref> Two railway stations serve the town – [[Dunfermline City railway station|Dunfermline City]] to the south of the town centre and [[Dunfermline Queen Margaret railway station|Dunfermline Queen Margaret]] to the east of the town close to [[Queen Margaret Hospital]],<ref name="DQRS">{{cite web|url=http://www.fifedirect.org.uk/atoz/index.cfm?fuseaction=facility.display&facid=6F7FECBC-52C5-4D02-99C87B9B02E6328F |title=Dunfermline Queen Margaret Railway Station info |publisher=Fife Council |access-date=28 October 2008|date=23 January 2003 |archive-date=13 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113112009/http://www.fifedirect.org.uk/atoz/index.cfm?fuseaction=facility.display&facid=6F7FECBC-52C5-4D02-99C87B9B02E6328F |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="DRS">{{cite web|url=http://www.fifedirect.org.uk/atoz/index.cfm?fuseaction=facility.display&facid=369E74AF-178E-499F-A9B76AF57837998C |title=Dunfermline Town Railway Station info |publisher=Fife Council |access-date=28 October 2008|date=23 January 2003 |archive-date=13 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113113514/http://www.fifedirect.org.uk/atoz/index.cfm?fuseaction=facility.display&facid=369E74AF-178E-499F-A9B76AF57837998C |url-status=dead}}</ref> with a third proposed to serve Halbeath Park and Ride.<ref>{{cite news |title=New rail station for Halbeath |url=https://www.dunfermlinepress.com/news/13518568.new-rail-station-for-halbeath/ |access-date=4 May 2021 |work=Dunfermline Press |publisher=Dunfermline Press |date=26 November 2014 |archive-date=27 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227100836/https://www.dunfermlinepress.com/news/13518568.new-rail-station-for-halbeath/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Ryder |first1=Gemma |title=Authorities urged to get on with Halbeath rail halt |url=https://www.dunfermlinepress.com/news/17408013.authorities-urged-get-halbeath-rail-halt/ |access-date=4 May 2021 |work=Dunfermline Press |publisher=Dunfermline Press |date=5 February 2019 |archive-date=28 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628191525/https://www.dunfermlinepress.com/news/17408013.authorities-urged-get-halbeath-rail-halt/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Nearby stations also exist at Rosyth, [[Inverkeithing railway station|Inverkeithing]] and [[Dalgety Bay railway station|Dalgety Bay]] to the south of the town. The nearest major international airport to Dunfermline is [[Edinburgh Airport]], {{convert|13|mi}} south of Dunfermline. Smaller municipal airports are also located nearby at [[Fife Airport|Glenrothes]] ({{convert|18|mi|disp=sqbr}}), [[Cumbernauld Airport|Cumbernauld]] ({{convert|25|mi|disp=sqbr}}) and [[Perth Airport (Scotland)|Perth]] ({{convert|26|mi|disp=sqbr}}). == Notable people == [[File:Andrew Carnegie tableau.jpg|thumb|left|Display in the Andrew Carnegie Birthplace Museum]] Dunfermline's most famous son is the entrepreneur and philanthropist [[Andrew Carnegie]], who was born in the town in 1835. Among the gifts he gave to his home town are a free library and public swimming baths. Most important of all was the donation of the Pittencrieff Estate which he had purchased in 1903 to be converted into Pittencrieff Park. [[George Lauder (Scottish industrialist)|George Lauder]], Andrew's "cousin-brother", a leading mechanical engineer, and his partner in the [[Carnegie Steel Company]] who would go on to be a board member of [[U.S. Steel]]. In 1888, two Dunfermline men, [[John Reid (businessman)|John Reid]] and Robert Lockhart, first demonstrated golf in the US by setting up a hole in an orchard, before Reid set up the USA’s first golf club the same year, [[Saint Andrew's Golf Club]] in [[Yonkers, New York]], with Andrew Carnegie one of the first members.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-tayside-central-29310735 "Ryder Cup: Painting celebrates Dunfermline links to American golf"]. BBC. Retrieved 30 December 2014</ref> A number of British monarchs were born in Dunfermline Palace. These include [[David II of Scotland]] (reign 1329–71), the son of [[Robert The Bruce]] in 1324;<ref name="Ashley161">Ashley, ''British Kings and Queens'', p.161.</ref> [[James I of Scotland]] (reign 1406–37) in late 1394<ref name="Brown9">Brown, ''James I'', p.9.</ref> and [[Charles I of England|Charles I]], King of Scotland, England and Ireland (reign 1625–49) in 1600.<ref name="Cavendish322">Cavendish, ''Kings & Queens: The Concise Guide'', p.322.</ref><ref name="Ashley309">Ashley, ''British Kings and Queens'', p.309.</ref> [[James I of England|James VI and I]], the King of Scotland, England and Ireland and his wife, [[Anne of Denmark]], the daughter of [[Frederick II of Denmark and Norway|Frederick II]] of Denmark also lived at the Palace until the [[Union of the Crowns]] in 1603.<ref name="Anne of Denmark">{{cite web |url=http://www.thecourier.co.uk/Community/Heritage-and-History/article/4160/dunfermline-celebrates-queen-anne-of-denmark.html |title=Dunfermline celebrates Queen Anne of Denmark |publisher=The Courier |date=23 April 2010 |access-date=26 February 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629220418/http://www.thecourier.co.uk/Community/Heritage-and-History/article/4160/dunfermline-celebrates-queen-anne-of-denmark.html |archive-date=29 June 2011 }}</ref> The 15th-century poet [[Robert Henryson]], one of Scotland's most important literary figures during the period of the Northern Renaissance, was based in the town.<ref>{{cite web|title=Robert Henryson – Homepage|url=http://www.arts.gla.ac.uk/STELLA/STARN/poetry/HENRYSON/homepage.htm|website=www.arts.gla.ac.uk|access-date=8 January 2017}}</ref> General [[John Forbes (British Army officer)|John Forbes]], who fought the French in the [[French and Indian War]] to capture [[Fort Duquesne]] and established the city of [[Pittsburgh]], [[Pennsylvania]], United States, was brought up in his family's ancestral home of Pittencrieff House (now within Pittencrieff Park).<ref name="Carnegie Dunfermline Trust201">Carnegie Dunfermline Trust, ''Dunfermline: Our Heritage'', p.201.</ref><ref name="Dunfermline marks links to Forbes">{{cite news |last=Smith |first=Leeza |title=''Dunfermline marks links to American hero General John Forbes'' |publisher=The Courier |page=4 |date=23 April 2012}}</ref> Sir [[John Struthers (anatomist)|John Struthers]], who dissected and drew the [[Tay Whale]], was an anatomist and professor of medicine. He was born and brought up in Brucefield House, now demolished, which gives its name to a district of Dunfermline.<ref name=LivingInThePast>{{citation | url = http://www.dunfermlineheritage.org.uk/webs/13/documents/Livinginthepast.pdf | title = Living in the Past: Sir John Struthers (1823–1899) | publisher = Dunfermline Heritage Community Projects | access-date = 29 September 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151029113147/http://www.dunfermlineheritage.org.uk/webs/13/documents/Livinginthepast.pdf | archive-date = 29 October 2015 | url-status = dead | df = dmy-all }}</ref> The artist [[Sir Joseph Noel Paton]] was also born in the town.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Quarrel of Oberon and Titania (1849) {{!}} National Galleries Scotland|url=https://art.nationalgalleries.org/art-and-artists/5264/quarrel-oberon-and-titania-1849|website=art.nationalgalleries.org|access-date=8 January 2017}}</ref> [[Ebenezer Henderson]] (1784–1858), a minister and missionary, was born at the Linn near Dunfermline. His nephew [[Ebenezer Henderson (writer)|Ebenezer Henderson]] (1809–1879), a science writer and historian born in Dunfermline, wrote ''The Annals of Dunfermline''. In popular culture, the singer [[Barbara Dickson]];<ref>{{cite web |last1=Alex |first1=Michael |title=Singer Barbara Dickson reveals 'deep connection' with history of Dunfermline in BBC Radio Scotland programme |url=https://www.thecourier.co.uk/fp/news/fife/916493/singer-barbara-dickson-reveals-deep-connection-with-history-of-dunfermline-in-bbc-radio-scotland-programme/ |website=The Courier |date=18 June 2019 |access-date=8 November 2022}}</ref> actor [[Kenneth Cranham]];<ref>{{cite web |title=He epitomises the cockney geezer and hard man on screen, but actor Kenneth Cranham's roots – and fondest memories – belong to Fife |url=https://www.scotsman.com/whats-on/arts-and-entertainment/he-epitomises-cockney-geezer-and-hard-man-screen-actor-kenneth-cranhams-roots-and-fondest-memories-belong-fife-2467751 |website=www.scotsman.com |access-date=8 November 2022 |language=en |date=30 November 2008}}</ref> [[Dan McCafferty]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Nazareth singer Dan McCafferty dies aged 76 |url=https://www.dunfermlinepress.com/news/23110730.dunfermline-legendary-nazareth-singer-dan-mccafferty-dies-aged-76/ |website=Dunfermline Press |date=8 November 2022 |access-date=8 November 2022 |language=en}}</ref> and [[Pete Agnew]] from the Scottish rock band [[Nazareth (band)|Nazareth]];<ref>{{cite web |last1=Larkin |first1=Colin |title=Nazareth |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195313734.001.0001/acref-9780195313734-e-20129 |website=The Encyclopedia of Popular Music |publisher=Oxford University Press |access-date=8 November 2022 |language=en |doi=10.1093/acref/9780195313734.001.0001 |date=1 January 2009|isbn=978-0-19-531373-4 }}</ref> [[Ian Anderson]], singer and flautist of the progressive rock band [[Jethro Tull (band)|Jethro Tull]]<ref>{{cite web |title=The day Fifer Ian Anderson brought rock band Jethro Tull to Kirkcaldy YMCA |url=https://www.fifetoday.co.uk/whats-on/arts-and-entertainment/the-day-fifer-ian-anderson-brought-rock-band-jethro-tull-to-kirkcaldy-ymca-3189942 |website=www.fifetoday.co.uk |access-date=8 November 2022 |language=en |date=5 April 2021}}</ref> and [[Moira Shearer]], ballerina and actress<ref name="Moira Shearer">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4671424.stm |title=Red Shoes ballerina Shearer dies |work=BBC News |date=1 February 2006 |access-date=17 February 2011}}</ref> were all born in the town. [[Manny Charlton]], the producer of Nazareth, emigrated to the town with his family in the 1940s<ref>{{cite web |title=Manny Charlton obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2022/jul/19/manny-charlton-obituary |website=the Guardian |access-date=8 November 2022 |language=en |date=19 July 2022}}</ref> and [[Stuart Adamson]], rock guitarist with the [[Skids (band)|Skids]] and frontman with [[Big Country]], was brought up in nearby [[Crossgates, Fife|Crossgates]]<ref name="Stuart Adamson">{{cite news |url=http://news.scotsman.com/stuartadamson/Rock-Star-Adamson-dies-in.2286778.jp |title=Rock Star Adamson dies in hotel |newspaper=The Scotsman |date=17 December 2001 |access-date=17 February 2011 |location=Edinburgh}}</ref> and moved into the town with his family as a teenager. Film director – and former Skids frontman – Richard Jobson, who grew up in nearby [[Ballingry]], went to school in Dunfermline and during the early part of the Skids' career lived, for a time, in the Pitcorthie area. Big Country's co-founder [[Bruce Watson (Scottish guitarist)|Bruce Watson]], though born in Timmins, Ontario, was also brought up in the town, a few streets away from Pete Agnew and Manny Charlton. Alan Darby, of [[Cado Belle]], also grew up in the town and attended Dunfermline High School. In literature, the critically acclaimed author, [[Iain Banks]]; poet and novelist, [[John Burnside (writer)|John Burnside]] and [[Robert Gilfillan]] all have links to the town. In sport, [[Caroline Weir]] of Real Madrid who was capped 102 times for Scotland national football team, [[Harry Lind]] of [[Dunfermline RFC]] who was capped sixteen times for the [[Scotland national rugby union team|Scotland national rugby team]] and [[Jim Greenwood (rugby union)|Jim Greenwood]] who played for [[Dunfermline RFC]], [[Scotland national rugby union team|Scotland]] and [[British and Irish Lions]] come from the town. [[Billy Liddell]] who played his entire career with [[Liverpool F.C.]] was born in nearby Townhill.<ref name="Billy Liddell">{{cite news |last=Glanville |first=Brian |url=http://football.guardian.co.uk/News_Story/0,,516866,00.html |title=Billy Liddell |newspaper=The Guardian |date=5 July 2011 |access-date=17 February 2011 |location=London}}</ref> Other notable people include: *[[Jim Crawford (racing driver)|Jim Crawford]], racing driver *[[Ralph Erskine (minister)|Ralph Erskine]], Secession minister *[[John MacLaren Erskine|John Erskine]], recipient of the [[Victoria Cross]] *[[Ncuti Gatwa]], actor<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bell |first1=Matteo |title=Ncuti Gatwa: New Doctor Who star suffered campaign of racist abuse at Fife school |url=https://www.thecourier.co.uk/fp/news/dundee/3272609/ncuti-gatwa-racist-abuse-fife/ |website=The Courier |date=8 May 2022 |access-date=27 May 2022}}</ref> *[[Alistair Hinton]], composer *[[Barry Horne (racing driver)|Barry Horne]], racing driver *[[David Ferguson Hunter|David Hunter]], recipient of the Victoria Cross *[[Louise Martin (sports administrator)|Louise Martin]], sports administrator<ref>{{cite web |title=Louise Martin pivotal in smoothing the way for the Glasgow Commonwealth Games |url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/default_content/12761165.louise-martin-pivotal-smoothing-way-glasgow-commonwealth-games/ |website=HeraldScotland |date=29 December 2007 |access-date=30 January 2023 |language=en}}</ref> *[[Shona McIsaac]], Labour politician<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dale |first1=Iain |last2=Smith |first2=Jacqui |title=The Honourable Ladies: Volume II: Profiles of Women MPs 1997–2019 |date=14 November 2019 |publisher=Biteback Publishing |isbn=978-1-78590-447-9 |page=16 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E9a8DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT164 }}</ref> *[[Jordan Smith (actor)|Jordan Smith]], actor ==Twin cities== [[File:Street sign Rua de Dunfermline 20 March 2015 (2).JPG|thumb|upright|right|Street sign in the Rua de Dunfermline in the twin town of [[Albufeira]], Portugal]] Dunfermline is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with: * [[Logroño]], Spain (since 1990)<ref name=twin>{{cite web|title=Town Twinning|url=https://www.fifedirect.org.uk/topics/index.cfm?fuseaction=service.display&objectid=909a83ad-347e-4e30-828c-07b353b68048|website=www.fifedirect.org.uk|access-date=15 January 2018|date=29 July 2010|archive-date=3 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103165242/https://www.fifedirect.org.uk/topics/index.cfm?fuseaction=service.display&objectid=909A83AD-347E-4E30-828C-07B353B68048|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Sarasota, Florida]], United States (since 23 August 2001)<ref name=twin /> * [[Trondheim]], Norway (since May 1945)<ref name="Trondheim">{{Cite web|url=http://www.trondheim.com/content.ap?thisId=93081934|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927054554/http://www.trondheim.com/content.ap?thisId=93081934|url-status=dead|title=Trondheims offisielle nettsted – Vennskapsbyer|archivedate=27 September 2011}}</ref> * [[Wilhelmshaven]], Germany (since 24 August 1979)<ref name=twin /> * [[Vichy]], France (since 1990)<ref name="Vichy twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.cncd.fr/frontoffice/bdd-region.asp?action=getRegion&id=3#tabs3 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20131004135322/http://www.cncd.fr/frontoffice/bdd-region.asp?action=getRegion&id=3 |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 October 2013 |title=National Commission for Decentralised cooperation |access-date=26 December 2013 |work=Délégation pour l’Action Extérieure des Collectivités Territoriales (Ministère des Affaires étrangères) |language=fr }}</ref> * [[Albufeira]], Portugal (since May 1995)<ref name=twin /> ==Arms== {{Infobox COA wide |escutcheon = Azure on a rock Proper two lions supporting a tower with four steps Argent masoned Sable windows and portcullis Gules both lions crowned Or. |coronet = A crown appropriate to a city. |supporters = Dexter a lion rampant Argent armed and langued Gules and sinister a unicorn Argent armed maned and unguled Or and gorged with a collar Gules from which is pendent an oval badge Azure fimbriated Or charged with a saltire Argent. |notes = Granted 21 August 2024 by Joseph Morrow, Lord Lyon King of Arms.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/LyonCourt/status/1829063527631298919#m |title=Yesterday, the Lord Lyon presented the Letters Patent granting arms for the City of Dunfermline to Cllr Jim Leishman, Provost of Fife. Scotland's State Trumpeters with Marchmont Herald, Albany Herald Extraordinary and Bute Pursuivant attended. The artist was Sarah Coomer. |publisher=Lyon Court |accessdate=29 August 2024}}</ref> |motto = Esto Rupes Inaccessa}} ==See also== *[[List of listed buildings in Dunfermline, Fife]] *[[Dunfermline Vikings]] *[[Sir Patrick Spens]] *[[Wallace's Well]] ==References== {{reflist}} ===Bibliography=== * {{Cite book|last=Brown |first=Michael |year=2000 |title=James I (Stewart Dynasty in Scotland) |publisher=Tuckwell Press Ltd |isbn=978-1-86232-105-2}} * {{Cite book|last=Cavendish |first=Richard |year=2007 |title=Kings & Queens: The Concise Guide |publisher=David & Charles |isbn=978-0-7153-2376-2}} * {{Cite book|title=Historic Dunfermline: Archeology and Development |last=Dennison |first=Patricia |author2=Stronach, Simon |year=2007|publisher=Dunfermline Burgh Survey, Community Project |isbn=978-0-9557-2440-4}} * {{Cite book|author=Dunfermline Heritage Community Projects (DHCP) |year=2009 |title=Your Guide to Dunfermline |publisher=Levenmouth Printers Ltd |asin=B002RHBZBC}} * {{Cite book|last=Dunlop |first=Eileen |year=2005 |title=Queen Margaret of Scotland |publisher=NSME |isbn=978-1-901663-92-1}} * {{Cite book|last=Durie |first=Bruce |year=2010 |title=Dunfermline: Britain in Old Photographs |publisher=The History Press |isbn=978-0-7524-5573-0}} * {{Cite book|last=Fawcett |first=Richard |year=2005 |title=Royal Dunfermline |publisher=Society of Antiquaries of Scotland |isbn=978-0-9039-0334-9}} * {{Cite book|last=Fawcett |first=Richard |year=1996 |title=Medieval Abbeys and Churches in Fife |publisher=Fife Regional Council |isbn=978-1-872162-07-2}} * {{Cite book|last=Hendrie |first=William F. |year=2002 |title=Old Dunfermline |publisher=Stenlake Publishing |isbn=978-1-84033-194-3}} * {{Cite book|last=Lamont-Brown |first=Raymond |year=2002 |title=Fife in History and Legend |isbn=978-0-85976-567-1 |location=[[Edinburgh]] |publisher=John Donald}} * {{Cite book|last=McEwan |first=Bert |year=2009 |title=Dunfermline: The Post-War Years |edition=2nd |publisher=Breedon Books |isbn=978-1-85983-407-7}} * {{Cite book|last=MacKay |first=James |year=1997 |title=Little Boss: Life of Andrew Carnegie |publisher=Mainstream Publishing |isbn=978-1-85158-832-9}} * {{Cite book|last=Omand |first=Donald |year=2000 |title=The Fife Book |publisher=Birlinn |location=Edinburgh |isbn=978-1-84158-274-0}} * {{Cite book|last=Pearson |first=John |year=2000 |title=Around Dunfermline |edition=2nd |publisher=John Pearson |isbn=978-1-90065-103-5}} * {{Cite book|last=Pride |first=Glen L. |year=1999 |title=The Kingdom of Fife |publisher=Rutland Press |edition=2nd |isbn=978-1-873190-49-4}} *{{cite book |title= The Place-Names of Fife, Volume One|last= Taylor|first= Simon|author2=Márkus, Gilbert|year= 2006|publisher=Shaun Tyas|location= Donington|isbn= 978-1-900289-77-1}} ==External links== {{wikivoyage|Dunfermline}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20141006065900/http://dunfermline.mobi/ Dunfermline Business, News & Events Information] *[https://dunfermline.com/ Welcome to Dunfermline & West Fife - Your official guide to Dunfermline & West Fife] *[http://visitdunfermline.com Visit Dunfermline – the official, trademarked tourism portal for Dunfermline] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010402071516/http://www.visitdunfermline.com/ |date=2 April 2001 }} *[http://come.2dunfermline.co.uk/ Dunfermline Photo Gallery] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090406051414/http://come.2dunfermline.co.uk/ |date=6 April 2009 }} – Dunfermline Photo Gallery *[http://www.dunfermline-music-scene.co.uk/ Dunfermline Music Scene Website, dedicated to Dunfermline Music] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016093648/http://www.dunfermline-music-scene.co.uk/ |date=16 October 2014 }} *[http://www.tulbol.demon.co.uk/dunfermline/annals1.htm#NEXT1 The Annals of Dunfermline 1096–1745] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611000610/http://www.tulbol.demon.co.uk/dunfermline/annals1.htm#NEXT1 |date=11 June 2015 }} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20080827163121/http://www.dunfermlineguide.co.uk/ Dunfermline Guide website] – a guide to Dunfermline *[http://www.scotcities.com/carnegie/early.htm Early Carnegie Libraries] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810022518/http://www.scotcities.com/carnegie/early.htm |date=10 August 2014 }} – featuring the world's first Carnegie Library in Dunfermline *[http://ssa.nls.uk/search.cfm?search_sort_order=Film.dateRelease%2CFilm.name&search_sort_direction=ASC&search_term=dunfermline&search_fields=2&search_join_type=AND&search_fuzzy=yes&videos_only=1&search_mode=Advanced&submit=Search+%3E%3E%3E National Library of Scotland: Scottish Screen Archive] (selection of archive films about Dunfermline) * [http://digital.nls.uk/slezer/engraving.cfm?sl=45 Engraving of Dunfermline in 1693] by [[John Slezer]] at National Library of Scotland * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_WdoIoTPW04 Video footage of Wallace's Well in Pittencrieff Glen.] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rx9h6NG5UIQb Video footage of Dunfermline City railway station] {{Areas of Dunfermline}} {{UK cities}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Dunfermline| ]] [[Category:Cities in Scotland]] [[Category:Former national capitals]] [[Category:Large burghs]] [[Category:Royal burghs]] [[Category:Towns in Fife]] [[Category:Parishes in Fife]] [[Category:Mining communities in Fife]]
Edit summary
(Briefly describe your changes)
By publishing changes, you agree to the
Terms of Use
, and you irrevocably agree to release your contribution under the
CC BY-SA 4.0 License
and the
GFDL
. You agree that a hyperlink or URL is sufficient attribution under the Creative Commons license.
Cancel
Editing help
(opens in new window)
Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page
(
help
)
:
Template:About
(
edit
)
Template:Areas of Dunfermline
(
edit
)
Template:Authority control
(
edit
)
Template:Citation
(
edit
)
Template:Cite book
(
edit
)
Template:Cite journal
(
edit
)
Template:Cite news
(
edit
)
Template:Cite web
(
edit
)
Template:Collapsible list
(
edit
)
Template:Convert
(
edit
)
Template:Coord
(
edit
)
Template:Dead link
(
edit
)
Template:Further
(
edit
)
Template:HEScotland
(
edit
)
Template:IPAc-en
(
edit
)
Template:Infobox COA wide
(
edit
)
Template:Infobox UK place
(
edit
)
Template:Langx
(
edit
)
Template:Main
(
edit
)
Template:Multiple image
(
edit
)
Template:Reflist
(
edit
)
Template:Scottish locality population
(
edit
)
Template:Scottish settlement population
(
edit
)
Template:Scottish settlement population citation
(
edit
)
Template:See also
(
edit
)
Template:Short description
(
edit
)
Template:UK cities
(
edit
)
Template:Use British English
(
edit
)
Template:Use dmy dates
(
edit
)
Template:Webarchive
(
edit
)
Template:Wikivoyage
(
edit
)