Editing Dyon

{{Short description|Hypothetical particle in physics}}
In [[physics]], a '''dyon''' is a [[hypothetical particle]] in 4-dimensional theories with both [[electricity|electric]] and [[magnetism|magnetic]] charges. A dyon with a zero [[electric charge]] is usually referred to as a [[magnetic monopole]]. Many [[Grand unification theory|grand unified theories]] predict the existence of both magnetic monopoles and dyons.

Dyons were first proposed by [[Julian Schwinger]] in 1969 as a phenomenological alternative to
quarks.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Schwinger, J. | journal=Science | volume=165 |
pages=757–761 | year=1969 | title=A Magnetic Model of Matter|bibcode = 1969Sci...165..757S |doi = 10.1126/science.165.3895.757 | pmid=17742261 | issue=3895}}</ref>  He extended the [[Dirac quantization condition]] to the dyon and used the model to predict the existence of a particle with the properties of the [[J/ψ meson]] prior to its discovery in 1974.

The allowed charges of dyons are restricted by the [[Dirac quantization condition]].  This states in particular that their magnetic charge must be integral, and that their electric charges must all be equal modulo 1.  The [[Witten effect]], demonstrated by [[Edward Witten]] in his 1979 paper,<ref>{{cite journal | author = Witten, E. | journal = Physics Letters B | volume = 86 | issue = 3–4 | pages = 283–287 | year = 1979 | title = Dyons of Charge eθ/2π | doi = 10.1016/0370-2693(79)90838-4|bibcode = 1979PhLB...86..283W | url = https://cds.cern.ch/record/133312/files/197909065.pdf }}</ref> states that the electric charges of dyons must all be equal, modulo one, to the product of their magnetic charge and the [[theta vacuum|theta angle]] of the theory.  In particular, if a theory preserves [[CP symmetry]] then the electric charges of all dyons are [[integer]]s.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite journal | last1=Chanyal | first1=B. C. | last2=Bisht | first2=P. S. | last3=Negi | first3=O. P. S. | title=Generalized Octonion Electrodynamics | journal=International Journal of Theoretical Physics | volume=49 | issue=6 | date=1 March 2010 | issn=0020-7748 | doi=10.1007/s10773-010-0314-5 | pages=1333–1343| arxiv=0910.1451 | bibcode=2010IJTP...49.1333C | s2cid=118377495 }}
* [http://www.maths.ed.ac.uk/~jmf/Teaching/EDC.html Electromagnetic duality for children], lecture notes by José Figueroa-O'Farrill

[[Category:Gauge theories]]
[[Category:Magnetic monopoles]]
[[Category:Physics beyond the Standard Model]]