Editing E. C. Segar

{{short description|American cartoonist (1894–1938)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox comics creator
| image = E. C. Segar.png
| caption = Illustration of Segar, 1928
| birth_name  = Elzie Crisler Segar
| birth_date  = {{birth date|1894|12|8}}
| birth_place = [[Chester, Illinois]], U.S.
| death_date  = {{death date and age|1938|10|13|1894|12|8}}
| death_place = [[Santa Monica, California]], U.S.
| area = Cartoonist
| alias =
| notable works = ''[[Popeye]]'' (1929–1938)
| awards =
}}

'''Elzie Crisler Segar''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|iː|g|ɑr}};<ref name="funk" /> December 8, 1894 – October 13, 1938), known by the [[pen name]] '''E. C. Segar''', was an American cartoonist. He created [[Popeye]] in 1929, introducing the character in his comic strip ''[[Thimble Theatre]]''.<ref name="bw">"E. C. Segar", in Walker, Brian. ''The Comics: The Complete Collection''. New York: Abrams ComicArts, 2011. (pp. 238–243) {{ISBN|9780810995956}}</ref><ref name="pct">"E. C. Segar", in Tumey, Paul C. ''Screwball! : The Cartoonists Who Made The Funnies Funny''. San Diego : IDW Publishing, 2019 {{ISBN|9781684051878}} (pp. 158–179)</ref>

[[Charles M. Schulz]] said of Segar's work: "I think ''Popeye'' was a perfect comic strip, consistent in drawing and humor".<ref>Mendelson, Lee and Schulz, Charles M., ''Charlie Brown and Charlie Schulz: in celebration of the 20th anniversary of "Peanuts"''. New York: New American Library, 1971. (p. 35)</ref> [[Carl Barks]] described Segar as "''the'' unbridled genius as far as I was concerned".<ref>Barks, Carl, and Ault, Donald D. ''Carl Barks : conversations''. Jackson : University Press of Mississippi, 2003 {{ISBN|9781578065011}} (p. 133).</ref>

==Early life==
Segar was born on December 8, 1894, and raised in [[Chester, Illinois]], a small town near the [[Mississippi River]].<ref name="bw" />{{sfn|Grandinetti|2004|p=2}}<ref name="jo">O'Sullivan, Judith. ''The Great American Comic Strip''.Boston : Little, Brown and Company, 1990. {{ISBN|9780821217566}} (pp. 186–187)</ref> The son of Jewish parents Erma Irene (Crisler) and Amzi Andrews Segar, a [[handyman]],<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IWqjaXc_4QUC&dq=Erma+Irene+(Crisler)+and+Amzi+Andrews+Segar&pg=PA53|title = Comic Strip Artists in American Newspapers, 1945–1980|isbn = 9780786481507|last1 = Reynolds|first1 = Moira Davison|date = October 2, 2015| publisher=McFarland }}</ref> his earliest work experiences included assisting his father in [[house painting]] and [[Wallpaper|paper hanging]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://forward.com/culture/art/425066/the-secret-jewish-history-of-popeye-the-sailor-man/?amp=1 | title=The Secret Jewish History of Popeye the Sailor Man | date=May 31, 2019 }}</ref> Skilled at playing drums, he also provided musical accompaniment to films and [[vaudeville]] acts in the local theater, where he was eventually given the job of film [[projectionist]]<ref name="GoogleDoodle" /> at the Chester Opera House, where he also did live performances.{{sfn|Grandinetti|2004|p=2}} At age 18, he decided to become a [[cartoonist]]. He took a [[correspondence course]] in cartooning from W. L. Evans of [[Cleveland]], [[Ohio]].<ref name="GoogleDoodle">{{cite news|first=Adam|last=Gabbatt |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2009/dec/08/ec-segar-popeye-google-doodle |title=E.C. Segar, Popeye's creator, celebrated with a Google doodle |publisher=Guardian |date= December 8, 2009|access-date=May 12, 2011 |location=London}}</ref> He said that after work he "lit up the [[oil lamp]]s about midnight and worked on the course until 3 a.m." During this time, Segar also began studying the work of cartoonists that he would later cite as influences on his work, including [[Rube Goldberg]], [[George McManus]] and [[George Herriman]] (especially Herriman's strip ''Stumble Inn'').<ref name="bw" /><ref name="pct" /><ref name="jo" /><ref>''"Among the most enthusiastic fans of Herriman's new strip was the cartoonist E. C. Segar...Cartoonist Bud Sagendorf, who assisted Segar and eventually took over ''Popeye'', credited ''Stumble Inn'' as a primary inspiration. "With that, you can see where Segar took his whole style out of," said Sagendorf."'' Tisserand, Michael. ''Krazy : George Herriman, a life in black and white''. New York, NY : Harper Perennial, 2018 {{ISBN|9780061733000}} (p. 320).</ref>

Asked how to say his name, he told ''[[The Literary Digest]]'' it was "SEE-gar".<ref name=funk>[[Charles Earle Funk|Funk, Charles Earle]]. ''What's the Name, Please?'', Funk & Wagnalls, 1936.</ref> He commonly signed his work simply '''Segar''' or '''E. Segar''' above a drawing of a cigar.

==Early work==
Segar moved to [[Chicago|Chicago, Illinois]], where he met [[Richard F. Outcault]], the creator of ''[[The Yellow Kid]]'' and ''[[Buster Brown]]''. Outcault encouraged him and introduced him at the ''[[Chicago Herald-Examiner|Chicago Herald]]''.<ref name="bw" /> On March 12, 1916, the ''Herald'' published Segar's first comic, ''[[Charlie Chaplin's Comic Capers]]'', which ran for a little over a year. In 1917, Segar created ''Barry the Boob'', about an incompetent soldier. Segar also originated two other, short-lived comics for the ''Herald's'' Sunday magazine. These were ''The Mistakes of Mr. Muddle'' and the Rube Goldberg-inspired ''And They Get By With It''.<ref name="pct" /> In 1918, he moved on to [[William Randolph Hearst]]'s ''Chicago Evening American'', for which he created ''Looping the Loop'' and worked as a second-string drama critic.<ref name="jo" /><ref>{{cite news|title=Cartoonist Segar, Popeye Creator (Obituary)|work=The New York Times|agency=Associated Press|date=October 14, 1938|page=23|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1938/10/14/archives/cartoonist-segar-popeye-creator-artist-succumbs-at-his-home-in.html|id={{ProQuest| }}|url-access=subscription |access-date=October 6, 2015}}</ref> ''Looping the Loop'' was a comic strip that gave a whimsical take on the events in Chicago's "[[Chicago Loop|Loop]]" district. "Looping the Loop" made jokes about such issues as silent movies, plays, and the changing seasons; it proved popular with the ''Herald's'' readers.<ref name="jo" /> Segar married Myrtle Johnson that year; they had two children. In October 1919, Segar covered [[1919 World Series|that year's World Series]], creating eight cartoons for the sports pages.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://home.earthlink.net/~thimbletheatre/spotlightearlysegar.html |title=The Early Works of E.C. Segar |access-date=June 24, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110131634/http://home.earthlink.net/~thimbletheatre/spotlightearlysegar.html |archive-date=November 10, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://home.earthlink.net/~thimbletheatre/comicstrip.html |title=The Thimble Theatre Comic Strip starring Popeye |access-date=June 24, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108152146/http://home.earthlink.net/~thimbletheatre/comicstrip.html |archive-date=November 8, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==''Thimble Theatre'', ''Sappo'' and ''Popeye''==
{{Main|Popeye}}
''Evening American'' [[managing editor]] William Curley thought Segar could succeed in New York, so he sent him to [[King Features Syndicate]], where Segar worked for many years. King Features asked Segar to create a comic strip to replace ''Midget Movies'' by [[Ed Wheelan]], who had recently resigned from the syndicate.<ref name="alc">Clark, Alan and Laurel. ''Comics: An Illustrated History''. London, Green Wood Publishing, 1992. {{ISBN|9781872532554}} (p. 54)</ref>  Segar created ''[[Thimble Theatre]]'' for the ''[[New York Journal]]'', as the replacement for Wheelan's strip.  The ''Thimble Theatre'' strip made its debut on December 19, 1919, featuring the characters [[Olive Oyl]], [[Castor Oyl]] and Harold Hamgravy, whose name was quickly shortened in the strip to simply "[[Ham Gravy]]". They were the strip's leads for about a decade.<ref name="bw" /> Segar began writing long storylines or "continuities" for ''Thimble Theatre'' in 1922. In these, the characters would have lengthy adventures in Africa and the Wild West.<ref name="bb">"E.C. Segar's Knockouts of 1925 (and Low Blows Before and After) : The Unknown Thimble Theatre Period" in ''NEMO :The Classic Comics Library'' no. 3, October 1983 (pp. 6–25).</ref> In one storyline, the characters encountered a superhuman "tough guy" named Harry Hardegg, who was able to break a moving buzz saw with his head. Comics historian [[Bill Blackbeard]] has described  Harry Hardegg as a "prototype" for Popeye.<ref name="bb" />
[[File:1933sappolg.jpg|thumb|500px|E. C. Segar's ''Sappo'' (1933)]]Segar also created ''The Five-Fifteen'' for King Features in 1920; it was retitled ''Sappo'' in 1926, although numerous newspapers had already retitled the strip 'Sappo the Commuter' by 1924. ''The Five-Fifteen'' started its run as a Monday-through-Saturday strip, concluding its initial daily run in February 1925. In 1926, the strip, now officially retitled, was revived as a Sunday-only [[topper (comic strip)|topper]] to the ''Thimble Theatre'' Sunday pages. Initially, this strip revolved about the exploits of suburban couple John and Myrtle Sappo. In May 1932, however, Segar introduced the eccentric scientist and inventor (and self-proclaimed "genius") O.G. Wotasnozzle into the strip as a regular. Wotasnozzle's bizarre machines soon became the focus of the strip, with John Sappo frequently cast as his test subject and straight man.<ref name="bw" /><ref>Donald Phelps, ''Reading the Funnies: Essays on Comic Strips''. Seattle, Wash. : Fantagraphics Books, 2001. {{ISBN|9781560973683}} (pp. 52–53)</ref>

On January 17, 1929, when Castor Oyl needed a [[sailor|mariner]] to navigate his ship to Dice Island, Castor picked up a weatherbeaten sailor named Popeye in the docks. Popeye's first line in the strip, upon being asked if he was a sailor, was "'Ja think I'm a cowboy?"<ref>[[Coulton Waugh]], ''The Comics''. New York, Luna Press, 1974. {{ISBN|9780914466031}} (p. 117)</ref> It is believed Segar remembered a tough laborer named Frank "Rocky" Fiegel who was always getting in fights but also gave out candy and treats to children,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/southern-illinoisan/150448993/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]|title=Chester man accepted as real-life Popeye was a brawler, loved kids|last=Hubble|first=Dan|work=[[Southern Illinoisan]]|date=April 8, 1979}}</ref> including a young Segar.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.military.com/off-duty/2024/02/05/real-popeye-sailor-was-actually-hard-drinking-bar-brawler-heart-of-gold.html|title=The Real 'Popeye the Sailor' Was Actually a Hard-Drinking Bar Brawler with a Heart of Gold|last=Stilwell|first=Blake|publisher=[[military.com]]|date=February 5, 2024|access-date=July 1, 2024}}</ref> At first Segar intended Popeye to be a once-off character, but after large numbers of newspaper readers wrote in requesting the character's return, Segar reintroduced Popeye as a full-time regular in August 1929, eventually enabling the sailor to become the focal point of the strip.<ref name="pct" /> Segar initially depicted Popeye as a quarrelling antihero.<ref name="bw" /> Segar's storylines for the Popeye-focused ''Thimble Theatre'' drew on several fictional genres, including [[Western (genre)|Westerns]], pirate [[swashbuckler]]s, [[Sports novel|Sports stories]], and [[fantasy]] stories.<ref name="bw" /><ref name="pct" /> Some of the other notable characters Segar created include [[J. Wellington Wimpy]] and [[Eugene the Jeep]].<ref name="bw" />

In 1929, Segar and his friend, screenwriter [[Norton S. Parker]], began work on ''The Sea Hag'', a prose novel for adults that would have featured both Popeye and the villainess the [[Sea Hag]]. However, King Features refused to grant Segar and Parker permission to publish the novel. ''The Sea Hag'' has never been put into print.<ref name="bb" />

In 1934, King Features (noting the increasing popularity of the Popeye character with children) ordered Segar to tone down Popeye's swearing and brawling.<ref name="bb" /> Although irritated by the order, Segar complied, and made Popeye more of a straightforward hero, more ubiquitously emphasizing his already-established affinity for aiding children and animals rather than his more violent and irascible tendencies, which persisted in a somewhat reduced form.<ref name="bw" /><ref name="bb" />
Segar continued to produce ''Thimble Theatre'', published in five hundred newspapers globally by 1938, until his death. Beginning in 1933, Popeye was adapted into a series of [[Popeye the Sailor (film series)|cartoons]] by the [[Fleischer Studios]], which increased the character's already-ascendant popularity even further.<ref name="bw" /> Popeye was also licensed by King Features for hundreds of toys, games and other products.<ref name="bw" /> The commercial success of these products ensured King Features paid Segar highly for his work; by 1938, the syndicate was giving Segar a salary of $100,000 a year.<ref name="bw" />

==Later life and death==
Segar later moved to [[Santa Monica]], [[California]]. According to [[Bud Sagendorf]], he lived near George Herriman. Although they admired each other's work, they never visited each other in this period.<ref name="bw" />
After a prolonged illness, Segar died of [[leukemia]] on October 13, 1938, aged 43 years old.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ncs-glc.com/GLC/ed_black/segar/segar1.html |title=Ed Black's Cartoon Flashback |publisher=Ncs-glc.com |access-date=May 12, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110516151403/http://www.ncs-glc.com/GLC/ed_black/segar/segar1.html |archive-date=May 16, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Legacy and reprints==
Segar was among the first cartoonists to combine humorous situations with long-running adventures.<ref name="bw" />

Comics creators who cited E.C. Segar's work as an influence included [[Jerry Siegel]] and [[Joe Shuster]], [[Boody Rogers]], [[Charles M. Schulz]], [[Carl Barks]], [[Robert Crumb]], and [[Stephen Hillenburg]].<ref>''"The influences on [[Superman]] were numerous. The ones that Siegel and Shuster admitted to included... E. C. Segar's Popeye (for his superstrength)."'' Nevins, Jess. ''The Evolution of the Costumed Avenger : The 4,000-year History of the Superhero''. Santa Barbara, California : Praeger,2017. {{ISBN|9781440854835}}  (p. 213)</ref><ref>''"E.C. Segar of ''Thimble Theatre'' (starring Popeye the Sailor) was unquestionably a powerful influence in shaping Barks's comedy.."'' Barrier, Michael. ''Funnybooks : The Improbable Glories of the Best American Comic Books''.[[University of California Press]], Oakland, California, 2015. {{ISBN|9780520960022}} (p. 146).</ref><ref>''"1936 Popeye strip by E.C. Segar, an influence on Crumb and other underground cartoonists".'' Dean, Michael, and Groth, Gary.''The Comics Journal Library: Zap – The Interviews''. Seattle (Wa) : Fantagraphics Books, 2015.  {{ISBN|9781606997888}} (p.25)</ref>

A revival of interest in Segar's creations began with [[Woody Gelman]]'s Nostalgia Press. [[Robert Altman]]'s live-action film ''[[Popeye (film)|Popeye]]'' (1980) is adapted from E. C. Segar's ''Thimble Theatre'' comic strip. The screenplay by [[Jules Feiffer]] was based directly on Gelman's ''Thimble Theatre Starring Popeye the Sailor'', a hardcover reprint collection of 1936–37 Segar strips published in 1971 by Nostalgia Press.<ref>Mint Condition: How Baseball Cards Became an American Obsession, pp. 125–126, Dave Jamieson, 2010, Atlantic Monthly Press, imprint of Grove/Atlantic Inc., New York, NY, {{ISBN|978-0-8021-1939-1}}</ref> In 2006, [[Fantagraphics]] published the first of a six-volume book set reprinting all ''Thimble Theatre'' daily and Sunday strips from 1928 to 1938, beginning with the adventure that introduced Popeye.

In 1971, the [[National Cartoonists Society]] created the Elzie Segar Award in his honor. According to the Society's website, the award was "presented to a person who has made a unique and outstanding contribution to the profession of cartooning." The NCS board of directors chose the first winners, while King Features selected recipients in later years. Honorees have included [[Charles Schulz]], [[Bil Keane]], [[Al Capp]], [[Bill Gallo]] and [[Mort Walker]]. The award was discontinued in 1999.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.reuben.org/ncs/archive/divisions/others.asp |title=NCS Awards |publisher=Reuben.org |date=September 22, 1965 |access-date=May 12, 2011}}</ref>

In 2012, cartoonists [[Roger Langridge]] and [[Bruce Ozella]] teamed to revive the spirit of Segar in a 12-issue [[Limited series (comics)|limited series]], ''Popeye'', published by [[IDW Publishing|IDW]].

In 2018, Sunday Press Books published ''Thimble Theatre & The Pre-Popeye Comics of E.C. Segar'', collecting Segar's early comic strip work,<ref>Young, Frank M. ''[https://www.tcj.com/reviews/thimble-theatre-the-pre-popeye-comics-of-e-c-segar/ "Review: Thimble Theatre & The Pre-Popeye Comics of E.C. Segar"]'' ''[[The Comics Journal]]'', November 30, 2018. Retrieved March 2, 2022.</ref> primarily the ''Thimble Theatre'' Sunday pages published between 1925 and 1930.

==Timeline==
[[File:Segar-Looping the Loop - 1918.jpg|thumb|right|200px|E. C. Segar's ''Looping the Loop'' (1918)]]
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
! Title
! Start date
! End date
|-
| ''Charlie Chaplin's Comic Capers''
| March 1916
| April 1917
|-
| ''The Mistakes of Mr. Muddle''
| March 1917 ?
| April 1918
|-
| ''And They Get By With It''
| March 1917 ?
| April 1918
|-
| ''Barry the Boob''
| April 1917
| April 1918
|-
| ''Looping the Loop''
| June 1918
| December 1919
|-
| ''Thimble Theatre'' (''Popeye'')
| December 1919
| October 1938
|-
| ''The Five-Fifteen'' (''Sappo'')
| December 1920
| October 1938
|}

==Popeye & Friends Character Trail==
In 1977, Segar's hometown of Chester, Illinois, named a park in his honor. The park contains a six-foot-tall bronze statue of Popeye. The annual Popeye Picnic, a weekend-long event that celebrates the character with a parade, film festival and other activities, is held the first weekend after Labor Day.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chesterill.com/index.php?id=41 |title=City of Chester, Illinois .::. Home of Popeye – Segar Park |publisher=Chesterill.com |access-date=May 12, 2011}}</ref> In 2006, Chester launched the "Popeye & Friends Character Trail", which links a series of statues of Segar's characters located throughout town.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chesterill.com/character-trail/ |title=City of Chester, Illinois: Popeye Character Trail| publisher=Chesterill.com |access-date=August 21, 2013}}</ref> Each stands on a base inscribed with the names of donors who contributed to its cost and is unveiled and dedicated during the Popeye Picnic. The 2006 debut sculpture of hamburger-loving Wimpy stands in Gazebo Park. A statue of Olive Oyl, Swee'Pea and the Jeep, located near the Randolph County Courthouse, followed in 2007. In 2008, a [[Bluto]] statue was dedicated at the corner of Swanwick and W. Holmes Streets, in front of Buena Vista Bank. The 2009 statue of Castor Oyl and Bernice the Whiffle Hen stands in front of Chester Memorial Hospital. One additional statue has been unveiled each year.

{|class="wikitable"
|-
! style="width:33px;"|Year
! style="width:210px;"|Character(s)
! style="width:210px;"|Location
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 2010
|SeaHag/Bernard
|McDonald's/Walmart
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 2011
|Cole Oyl
|Chester Public Library
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 2012
|Alice the Goon
|Chester Center
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 2013
|Poopdeck Pappy
|Cohen Complex
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 2014
|Prof. Watasnozzle
|Chester High School
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 2015
|RoughHouse
|Reids' Harvest House
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 2016
|Nephews-Peepeye/Poopeye/Pipeye/Pupeye
|Chester Grade School
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 2017
|King Blozo
|Chester City Hall
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 2018
|Nana Oyl
|Manor at Craig's Farm
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 2019
|Popeye's Pups
|Chester Firehouse
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 2019
|Sherlock & Segar
|Baskerville Hall on Swanwick Street
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 2020
|Toar
|St Nicholas Landmark
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 2021
|[[Harold Hamgravy]]
|Randolph County Courthouse
|}

Spinach Can Collectibles/Popeye Museum is located in the center of the city (Opera House).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chesterill.com/character-trail/|title=City of Chester, Illinois .::. Home of Popeye – Character Trail Page |publisher=Chesterill.com |access-date=May 12, 2011}}</ref>

On December 8, 2009, Google celebrated Segar's 115th birthday with a [https://doodles.google/doodle/ec-segars-birthday/ Google Doodle of Popeye.] The doodle used Popeye's body as the 'g', had 'oogl', drawn to resemble Segar's drawing style, and a spinach can as the 'e', and featured Popeye punching the 'oogl' to cause the spinach to fly at him through the air.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

===Works cited===
{{Refbegin}}
* {{cite book
|last       = Grandinetti
|first      = Fred
|title      = Popeye: An Illustrated Cultural History
|url        = https://books.google.com/books?id=3XCHkn64cYkC
|access-date = June 24, 2012
|year       = 2004
|publisher  = McFarland
|isbn       = 978-0-7864-1605-9}}
{{Refend}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite journal
|first        = Bill
|last         = Blackbeard
|author-link  = Bill Blackbeard
|editor-first = Richard
|editor-last  = Marschall
|journal      = Nemo
|issue        = 3
|title        = E. C. Segar's Knockabouts of 1925 (and low blows before and after): The Unknown ''Thimble Theatre'' Period
|pages        = 6–25
|publisher    = [[Fantagraphics Books]]}}

==External links==
{{Portal|Comics|Biography}}
* {{Commons category inline}}
* [https://www.baskervilleproductions.com/popeye-trail Official site for Popeye & Friends Character Trail]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110516151403/http://www.ncs-glc.com/GLC/ed_black/segar/segar1.html "E.C. Segar" by Ed Black]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090108172951/http://www.citypages.com/2006-11-29/news/the-rime-of-the-ancient-mariner/ "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner" by Zak Sally ''Minneapolis City Pages'']
* [http://lambiek.net/artists/s/segar.htm Lambiek Comiclopedia article about E.C. Segar]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091219125041/http://www.loadtr.com/galeri/Elzie-Crisler-Segar-E-C-Segar E.C. Segar Gallery]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150921160744/http://home.earthlink.net/~thimbletheatre/ecsegar.html "Popeye's Pop EC Segar"]
* [https://doodles.google/doodle/ec-segars-birthday/ E.C. Segar's 115th Birthday Doodle in Google Logo Museum]
* {{find a Grave|3546}}

{{Popeye}}
{{Fleischer Studios}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Segar, E.C.}}
[[Category:1894 births]]
[[Category:American comic strip cartoonists]]
[[Category:American comics artists]]
[[Category:Jewish American comics writers]]
[[Category:Jewish American comics artists]]
[[Category:Jewish humorists]]
[[Category:People from Chester, Illinois]]
[[Category:American humorists]]
[[Category:Will Eisner Award Hall of Fame inductees]]
[[Category:1938 deaths]]
[[Category:Deaths from leukemia in California]]
[[Category:Burials at Woodlawn Memorial Cemetery, Santa Monica]]
[[Category:Popeye]]
[[Category:Fleischer Studios people]]