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{{Short description|Limited-access circumferential highway around Metro Manila}} {{Other uses}} {{distinguish|EDSAC|ESDA}} {{Update|part=road's route description and ongoing and future developments|date=August 2023}} {{Use Philippine English|date=June 2020}} {{Use mdy dates|date=February 2023}} {{infobox road | country = PHL | name = Epifanio de los Santos Avenue | type = N | route = 1 | alternate_name = EDSA | marker_image = [[File:AH26 (N1) sign.svg|75px]]<br />{{fontcolor|white|blue|C-4}} <!-- street sign varies in cities --> | map = EDSA route map.svg | map_notes = Map of highways in [[Metro Manila]] with EDSA highlighted in red. | image = EDSA-Reliance, Ortigas view (Mandaluyong; 03-21-2021).jpg | image_notes =EDSA in [[Mandaluyong]], with [[Ortigas Center]] in the background | maint = the [[Department of Public Works and Highways]]{{efn|group=note|name=dpwh|The DPWH maintenance over EDSA excludes the extension from [[Roxas Boulevard]] to [[SM Mall of Asia]] in Pasay.}} and the [[Metropolitan Manila Development Authority]] | length_km = 23.8 | length_notes=<small>Including extension in [[Bay City, Metro Manila|Bay City]], [[Pasay]]</small> <!-- yes, to MOA --> | ahn = {{jct|country=ASIA|AH|26}} | length_ref = | restrictions = No heavy trucks, tricycles | established = 1940 | direction_a = North | terminus_a = {{jct|country=PHL|AH|N1|name1=[[Bonifacio Monument]] Circle}} in [[Caloocan]] | direction_b = South | terminus_b = [[SM Mall of Asia]] Globe Rotunda in [[Bay City, Metro Manila|Bay City]], [[Pasay]] | beltway_city = [[Manila]] <!-- it goes around and avoids Manila --> | allocation = {{plainlist| * {{fontcolor|white|blue|C-4}} [[Circumferential Road 4|C-4]] * {{jct|country=PHL|AH|N1}} from Monumento to Roxas Boulevard }} | junction = {{Plainlist| *{{jct|country=PHL|AH|E1|N|160|name1=[[North Luzon Expressway]]|name2=[[Andres Bonifacio Avenue]]}} at [[Balintawak Interchange]] in [[Quezon City]] *{{jct|country=PHL|N|171|N|173|name1=[[West Avenue, Quezon City|West Avenue]]|name2=[[North Avenue, Quezon City|North Avenue]]}} in [[Quezon City]] *{{jct|country=PHL|N|170|name1=[[Quezon Avenue]]}} in [[Quezon City]] *{{Jct|country=PHL|N|172|N|174|name1=[[Timog Avenue]]|name2=[[East Avenue, Quezon City|East Avenue]]}} in [[Quezon City]] *{{jct|country=PHL|N|180|N|59|name2=[[Aurora Boulevard]]}} in [[Quezon City]] *{{jct|country=PHL|N|184|N|60|name2=[[Ortigas Avenue]]}} at [[Ortigas Interchange]] in [[Quezon City]] and [[Mandaluyong]] *{{jct|country=PHL|N|141|name1=[[Shaw Boulevard]]}} in [[Mandaluyong]] *{{jct|country=PHL|N|190|name1=[[Gil Puyat Avenue]] / [[Kalayaan Avenue]]}} at [[Kalayaan Flyover]] in [[Makati]] *{{jct|country=PHL|N|145|AH|E2|name1=[[Osmeña Highway]]|name2=[[South Luzon Expressway]]}} at [[Magallanes Interchange]] in [[Makati]] *{{jct|country=PHL|N|170|name1=[[Taft Avenue]]}} in [[Pasay]] *{{jct|country=PHL|AH|N120|N|61|name2=[[Roxas Boulevard]]}} in [[Pasay]] }} | cities = [[Caloocan]], [[Makati]], [[Mandaluyong]], [[Pasay]], [[Quezon City]], [[San Juan, Metro Manila|San Juan]] }} '''Epifanio de los Santos Avenue''', commonly referred to by its acronym '''EDSA''' ({{IPA|tl|ˈʔɛdsɐ|lang}}), is a major [[Ring road|circumferential]] road around [[Manila]], the capital city of the [[Philippines]]. It passes through 6 of [[Metro Manila]]'s 17 [[local government units]] or cities, namely, from north to south, [[Caloocan]], [[Quezon City]], [[San Juan, Metro Manila|San Juan]], [[Mandaluyong]], [[Makati]], and [[Pasay]].<ref name="asphalt" /> Named after academic [[Epifanio de los Santos]], the section of the road from [[Balintawak Interchange]] in Quezon City to [[Magallanes Interchange]] in Makati connects the [[North Luzon Expressway]] (NLEX) and [[South Luzon Expressway]] (SLEX). The avenue passes through the major financial districts of the metropolis which are [[Triangle Park (Quezon City)|Triangle Park]], [[Araneta City]], [[Ortigas Center]], [[Makati Central Business District|Makati CBD]], and [[Bay City, Metro Manila|Bay City]]. It is the longest and the most congested highway in the metropolis, stretching some {{convert|23.8|km|sp=us}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mb.com.ph/2021/01/23/21-things-you-need-to-know-about-the-edsa-decongestion-program/|title=21 things you need to know about the EDSA decongestion program|first=Anna Mae|last=Lamentillo|work=Manila Bulletin|date=January 23, 2021}}</ref> == Structure == The entire avenue forms part of [[Circumferential Road 4]] (C-4) of [[Metro Manila's arterial road network]], National Route 1 (N1) of the [[Philippine highway network]] and Asian Highway 26 (AH26) of the [[Asian Highway Network]].<ref name="dashboard" /> The locations around the avenue were marked with great economic and industrial growth, proven by the fact that all but two industrial centers in the Metropolis are directly accessible from the thoroughfare. The decent economic growth of the areas around the avenue adds a significant volume of traffic on the avenue, and in recent estimates,<ref name="EDSA vehicles">{{cite news |title=Inquirer Headlines: EDSA|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/metro/view/20090708-214545/Average-vehicle-speed-on-Edsa-is-3624kph|newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer|date=July 7, 2009|access-date=July 9, 2012}}</ref> and an average of 385,096 vehicles go through it every day.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2022 |title=Metropolitan Manila Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) 2022 |url=https://mmda.gov.ph/images/Home/FOI/Annual-Average-Daily-Traffic-AADT/AADT_2022.pdf |access-date=February 2, 2024 |publisher=[[Metropolitan Manila Development Authority]]}}</ref> The avenue is a divided [[carriageway]], often consisting of 12 lanes, 6 in either direction, with the elevated railroads [[MRT Line 3 (Metro Manila)|Manila Metro Rail Transit System Line 3]] and [[LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)|Manila Light Rail Transit System Line 1]] often serving as its median. Although it is not an [[Controlled-access highway|expressway]], traffic rules and speed limits are strictly implemented to the vehicles that pass along it. It is operated by the [[Metropolitan Manila Development Authority]] and is maintained and constantly being repaired by the [[Department of Public Works and Highways]], whose maintenance over EDSA excludes the extension from [[Roxas Boulevard]] to [[SM Mall of Asia]] in Pasay.<ref name="dashboard" /> == Route description == {{main|Circumferential Road 4}} {{multiple image | align = left | direction = vertical | background color = | total_width = 230 | image1 = Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA) sign.svg | caption1 = Quezon City | image2 = EDSA (Pasay) sign.svg | caption2 = Pasay | footer = Street signs used for EDSA }} [[File:EDSA-Monumento.jpg|thumb| left|The northern terminus of EDSA at the [[Bonifacio Monument]] in [[Caloocan]]]] EDSA starts from the [[Bonifacio Monument]] (Monumento) Circle in [[Caloocan]], its intersection with [[MacArthur Highway]], [[Rizal Avenue]] Extension, and [[Samson Road]], the western side of the [[Circumferential Road 4|C-4 Road]]. The roundabout is also the marker of the 1896 Revolution by [[Andres Bonifacio]]. The {{convert|1.7|km|sp=us}} of the road are in Caloocan. The Avenue will then enter [[Quezon City]] through the Balintawak district, after an intersection with the [[North Luzon Expressway]] (NLEX) and [[Andres Bonifacio Avenue|A. Bonifacio Avenue]] at the [[Balintawak Interchange]]. [[File:EDSA-North Avenue, Common Station viaduct construction (Quezon City; 03-29-2024).jpg|thumb|left|EDSA looking north to [[SM North EDSA]]]] [[File:EDSA-Aurora Underpass (Quezon City; 03-21-2021).jpg|thumb|left|EDSA-Aurora Underpass in Quezon City]] EDSA crosses much of the northern part of Quezon City, passing through the Balintawak, Muñoz, and Project 7 districts. It sharply curves southwards after crossing the North Avenue-West Avenue Intersection in the [[Triangle Park (Quezon City)|Triangle Business Park]]. On the north side of EDSA is the [[SM North EDSA]]. In front of it are the [[TriNoma]] mall and the Eton Centris or Centris Walk. [[ABS-CBN Broadcasting Center]] and its [[Millennium Transmitter|transmitter]] can be easily seen from EDSA and continues southwards, slightly turning westwards slowly until it leaves the [[Triangle Park (Quezon City)|Triangle Park]] after crossing the East Avenue-Timog Avenue Intersection, where the [[GMA Network Center]] is located. It continues through the district of [[Quezon City#Cubao|Cubao]], entering the [[Araneta City]] after crossing the [[Aurora Boulevard]] Tunnel. In Cubao, several malls, infrastructure and offices are located. The Avenue curves southwards and crosses [[Bonny Serrano Avenue|Santolan Road]] near [[Socorro, Quezon City|Socorro]], where the twin bases of Camps [[Camp Crame|Crame]] and [[Camp Aguinaldo|Aguinaldo]] are located. EDSA then continues on its route and serves as the boundary of the cities of [[San Juan, Metro Manila|San Juan]] and [[Quezon City]]. [[Primex Tower]], the tallest building in San Juan, is located on the southbound side of EDSA at its junction with Connecticut Street, while [[People Power Monument]] can be seen on the northbound side of EDSA at its junction with White Plains Avenue. After {{convert|11|km|sp=us}} in [[Quezon City]], EDSA will eventually leave the city, straddling along the boundary with [[San Juan, Metro Manila|San Juan]]. EDSA enters [[Mandaluyong]] after crossing the borders of the [[Ortigas Center]]. In the Ortigas Center, some notable buildings around the area are the [[Department of Migrant Workers]] building, [[Robinsons Galleria]], [[SM Megamall]], and the bronze [[EDSA Shrine]], a memorial church to the 1986 People Power Revolution. It then curves smoothly westwards after it crosses [[Boni Avenue]] and [[Pioneer Street]], and crosses the [[Pasig River]] via the [[Guadalupe Bridge]], leaving the city of Mandaluyong. After crossing the Pasig River, EDSA enters the city of [[Makati]] through Guadalupe, where it provides access to the [[Rockwell Center]], a major mixed-use business park in Makati, through [[J.P. Rizal Avenue]]. The highway also provides quick access to the city of [[Taguig]] nearby. After crossing [[Gil Puyat Avenue|Buendia Avenue]], the highway enters the [[Ayala Center]], an important commercial district in the Philippines. It also cuts through the exclusive villages of [[Bel-Air Village|Bel-Air]], [[Forbes Park, Makati|Forbes Park]], Urdaneta, [[Dasmariñas, Makati|Dasmariñas]], and Magallanes. The road then curves eastwards, continues on a straight route to the city of Pasay, and passing the [[Chino Roces Avenue]], [[Osmeña Highway]] and [[South Luzon Expressway]] (SLEX) through [[Magallanes Interchange]]. [[File:EDSA Extension (near MOA) (Bay City, Pasay)(2017-12-31).jpg|thumb|left|EDSA Extension looking west towards SM Mall of Asia]] EDSA enters [[Pasay]] shortly after crossing SLEX, Osmeña Highway, and Chino Roces Avenue in Makati. In Pasay, the highway provides access to [[Ninoy Aquino International Airport]] via a [[overpass|flyover]] to [[Tramo Street]]. EDSA would pass through Pasay Rotonda within [[Taft Avenue]] and continues on a straight route until it crosses to [[Roxas Boulevard]]. After crossing Roxas Boulevard, it becomes known as EDSA Extension and enters Central Business Park 1-A of the [[Bay City (Metro Manila)|Bay City]] reclamation area, where [[SM Mall of Asia]] is located. EDSA's terminus is at the Globe Rotunda fronting SM Mall of Asia. ===Bicycle lanes=== [[File:Northbound EDSA protected Bike Lanes (cropped).jpg|thumb|A one-way [[bike lane]] with physical protection along EDSA in Quezon City]] The entire span of EDSA has one-way Class II [[bike lane]]s along both sides of the road, established as part of the national government's [[Metropolitan Bike Lane Network]] and funded by the [[Bayanihan to Recover as One Act]] during the COVID-19 pandemic. Most of the bicycle lanes along EDSA are paint separated while some sections have physical separation using [[bollard]]s and concrete barriers.<ref name="MetroManilaBikeLaneClasses">{{Cite web |title=List of all bike lanes based on DPWH classifications |url=https://www.foi.gov.ph/requests/aglzfmVmb2ktcGhyHgsSB0NvbnRlbnQiEURPVHItODU5Nzg2ODI4MDY4DA |date=August 25, 2022 |access-date=August 11, 2023 |website=[[Freedom of Information_Order (Philippines)|Freedom of Information Philippines]] |language=en}}</ref> ===Traffic management=== [[File:Traffic in the Philippines 14.jpg|thumb|left|Heavy traffic on [[Guadalupe Bridge]]]] The lead agency that manages the flow of traffic along EDSA is the [[Metropolitan Manila Development Authority]] (MMDA), a government agency under the [[Office of the President of the Philippines]] and is advised by the Metro Manila Mayors League. One of the MMDA's traffic management schemes that is in effect on EDSA, among other major thoroughfares in the metropolis, is the [[Uniform Vehicular Volume Reduction Program]]. Many{{By whom|date=August 2020}} have observed that the cause of many [[Traffic congestion|traffic jams]] on EDSA is its change from being a highway to an avenue. This resulted the erection of erring establishment, buses and jeepneys. Subsequently, buses have been the target of other traffic management programs, like the MMDA's Organized Bus Route Program.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mmda.gov.ph/mmda%20resolution%20no.%2003-28.html |title=MMDA Resolution No. 03-28 |access-date=December 28, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071130113438/http://www.mmda.gov.ph/mmda%20resolution%20no.%2003-28.html |archive-date=November 30, 2007 }}</ref> The MMDA is strictly implementing also the Motorcycle and Bus laning in EDSA, making it the second highway in the Philippines ever to have such traffic rule to be enforced, after [[Commonwealth Avenue, Quezon City|Commonwealth Avenue]].<ref name="pcij-buses">{{Cite news |last=Jao-Grey |first=Margarte |date=December 27, 2007 |title=Too Many Buses, Too Many Agencies Clog Edsa |url=http://pcij.org/stories/2007/buses.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208001130/http://pcij.org/stories/2007/buses.html |archive-date=February 8, 2012 |access-date=December 28, 2007 |publisher=[[Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mmda.gov.ph/mmda%20resolution%20no.%2004-01.html |title=MMDA Resolution No. 04-01 |access-date=December 28, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071130113446/http://www.mmda.gov.ph/mmda%20resolution%20no.%2004-01.html |archive-date=November 30, 2007 }}</ref> The average speed of vehicles in EDSA is {{convert|15|kph|mph|sp=us}}. On January 18, 2016, strict implementation on bus lanes started on the [[Shaw Boulevard|Shaw]]–Guadalupe segment, where plastic barriers are placed and prohibited entry of private vehicles and taxis on the bus lanes except when turning to EDSA's side streets.<ref name=inquirer1>{{cite news|last1=Zarzuela|first1=Maricar B.|title=Private cars can't enter Edsa bus lanes starting Jan. 18|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/754579/private-cars-cant-use-edsa-bus-lanes-starting-jan-18|access-date=January 29, 2016|work=Inquirer.net|agency=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]]|date=January 12, 2016}}</ref> Despite the plastic barrier, many private vehicles still enter the lanes.<ref name=inquirer1 /> In June 2020, bus routes in the avenue were rationalized, creating the [[EDSA Carousel]] line carried by the new EDSA Busway. The EDSA Busway is separated from normal road traffic and now used only for buses and emergency vehicles. The new bus route spans from Monumento to PITX, while the busway is divided mostly by concreted barriers and steel fences. The old rightmost bus lanes were now opened for all vehicles, with the avenue now having total of four to five public-use lanes per direction instead of three, excluding interchanges. ==== Decongestion program ==== {{Update|section|date=February 2024}} A decongestion program under the [[DuterteNomics#Build! Build! Build! Program|Build! Build! Build! Infrastructure Program]] is ongoing to help decongest EDSA (which is under overcapacity, carrying 402,000 vehicles daily while has the capacity of 288,000).<ref>{{Cite web|last=Abad|first=Roderick|date=October 29, 2020|title=Edsa Decongestion Program: Making travel a breeze for Filipinos {{!}} Roderick Abad|url=https://businessmirror.com.ph/2020/10/29/edsa-decongestion-program-making-travel-a-breeze-for-filipinos/|access-date=2021-03-12|website=BusinessMirror|language=en-US}}</ref> This involves the construction of other roads and bridges that will divert traffic from the avenue. The government aims to reduce travel time from Cubao to Makati to 5–6 minutes.<ref>{{Cite web|title=EDSA Decongestion Masterplan on time for 2022 finish – The Manila Times|url=https://www.manilatimes.net/2020/11/11/supplements/edsa-decongestion-masterplan-on-time-for-2022-finish/794438/|access-date=2021-03-12|website=manilatimes.net|date=November 11, 2020|language=en-US}}</ref> ==History== Construction of what was then called the '''North and South Circumferential Road''' began in 1939 under [[President of the Philippines|President]] [[Manuel L. Quezon]], amidst Manila's rapid expansion.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/104927/edsa-greatest-filipino-genius-after-rizal|title=Edsa: Greatest Filipino genius after Rizal|first=Art|last=Villasanta|date=December 4, 2011|access-date=October 19, 2021|newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer}}</ref> This necessitated inland growth and a planned new capital city, which became [[Quezon City]].<ref name="highway54_alcazaren" /> The construction team was led by engineers Florencio Moreno and Osmundo Munsod,<ref name="asphalt">{{cite web|author=Peter Uckung|website=Business world Online|date=February 22, 2012|url=http://www.bworldonline.com/content.php?section=Exclusive&title=History-in-Asphalt&id=47325|title=History in Asphalt|access-date=August 20, 2012|archive-date=May 25, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180525132750/http://www.bworldonline.com/content.php?section=Exclusive&title=History-in-Asphalt&id=47325}}</ref> integrating the former stretch of Calle Apelo Cruz from present-day Cabrera Street to Taft Avenue in [[Pasay]] and [[Samson Road|Calle Samson]] up to Balintawak in Quezon City to the east.<ref name="Pasay1946">{{cite map |last=Buenaventura |first=Fidel |title=Municipality of Pasay |map=Municipality of Pasay |map-url=https://nlpdl.nlp.gov.ph/CG02/M01/bs/NLP00CG0000000204.htm |year=1946 |scale=1:8000 |publisher=National Library of the Philippines |id=NLP00CG0000000204 |access-date=November 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814031221/https://nlpdl.nlp.gov.ph/CG02/M01/bs/NLP00CG0000000204.htm |archive-date=August 14, 2022}}</ref> The road, starting from [[North Bay Boulevard]] in [[Navotas]], then in the province of [[Rizal (province)|Rizal]], and ending at [[Taft Avenue]] (formerly known as Taft Avenue Extension / Manila South Road) in [[Pasay]], also then in Rizal, was partially opened in 1940, shortly before the outbreak of [[World War II]] and the subsequent [[Japanese occupation of the Philippines|Japanese occupation]].<ref name="highway54_alcazaren" /> However, was then discontinuous due to the [[Pasig River]].<ref name="johntewell">{{cite map |title = Manila, Philippines map |trans-title = |map = |map-url = |date = August 1945 |url = https://www.flickr.com/photos/johntewell/13143272914 |scale = |publisher = American Red Cross Service Bureau |cartography = |section = |sections = |inset = }}</ref> It was then known as the '''Manila Circumferential Road''' or simply as '''Circumferential Road'''.<ref name="eo311">{{cite PH act|url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1940/12/17/executive-order-no-311-s-1940/ |chamber=EO|number=311, s. 1940|title=Establishing the Classification of Roads|date=December 17, 1940|access-date=September 30, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite PH act|url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1951/11/06/executive-order-no-483-s-1951/|chamber=EO|number=483, s. 1951|title=Establishing the Classification of Roads|date=November 6, 1951|access-date=September 30, 2021|archive-date=August 19, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819142837/https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1951/11/06/executive-order-no-483-s-1951/}}</ref> During the war, its section in Diliman Estate served as a runway of the Quezon Airfield, along with Malawen Boulevard (now [[Quezon Avenue]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pacificwrecks.com/airfields/philippines/north_avenue/maps/map-north-avenue.html|title=Map of North Avenue Airfield (Quezon Airfield) in Quezon north of Manila|website=Pacific Wrecks|access-date=June 17, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite map |author = |title =Manila and Suburbs, (Japanese Airfields) Philippines|date =July 25, 1944 |year = |url =https://www.flickr.com/photos/johntewell/41878456482 |scale = |series = |publisher = |cartography = |page = |pages = |section = |sections = |inset = |edition = |location = |language = |format = |isbn = |id = |access-date =June 17, 2024}}</ref> The road was also renamed to '''Highway 54''' and thus designated as '''Route 54'''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pacificwrecks.com/airfields/philippines/grace_park/10-21-44/grace-park-10-21-44.html|title=Aerial view to the southwest overlooking Grace Park Airfield in northern Manila bordering Manila Bay|access-date=May 16, 2021|website=Pacific Wrecks}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.topgear.com.ph/features/feature-articles/old-edsa-history-photos-a52-20171010|title=This is what EDSA looked like in traffic-free times|first=Richard Wilhelm |last=Ragodon|website=TopGear Philippines|date=October 10, 2017|access-date=May 16, 2021}}</ref> Due to the route number, there was a common misconception on that time that the avenue is {{convert|54|km|sp=us}} long.<ref name="asphalt" /> The present-day North EDSA section in Caloocan and Quezon City was referred to as '''Calle Samson''' (Samson Street),<ref name="johntewell" /> while its section in Pasay was also known as '''P. Lovina Street'''. It was later renamed as '''McArthur Boulevard''' in 1945,<ref name="highway54_alcazaren">{{cite news|url=https://philstarlife.com/news-and-views/865425-highway54-edsa-past-present-future?page=2|title=The road from Highway 54 toward a more inclusive and safe EDSA|first=Paulo|last=Alcazaren|publisher=The Philippine Star|date=February 24, 2024|access-date=May 26, 2024}}</ref> and after the independence of the Philippines from the United States in 1946, it became known as '''Avenida 19 de Junio''' (June 19 Avenue), after the birth date of national hero [[José Rizal]].<ref name="asphalt" /> In the 1950s, the northern end of the avenue was designated to its present terminus at [[Bonifacio Monument]] in [[Caloocan]] and its part west of it later becoming [[Samson Road]], General San Miguel Street, and [[Paterio Aquino Avenue|Letre Road]].<ref>{{cite PH act|url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1955/05/02/executive-order-no-113-s-1955/|title=Establishing the Classification of Roads|chamber=EO|number=113, s. 1955|date=May 2, 1955|access-date=September 30, 2021|archive-date=November 24, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181124162243/http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1955/05/02/executive-order-no-113-s-1955/}}</ref> The avenue was widened from two to four lanes during this decade.<ref name="highway54_alcazaren" /> [[Rizalista religious movements|Rizalists]] also wanted the avenue's name to remain 19 de Junio, while President [[Ramon Magsaysay]] wanted the avenue named after Rizal. Residents of Rizal province (to which most parts of [[Metro Manila]] belonged until 1975) wanted the avenue to be named after a Rizaleño: the historian, jurist and scholar named [[Epifanio de los Santos|Epifanio de los Santos y Cristóbal]], who was born in [[Malabon]]. The Philippine Historical Committee (now the [[National Historical Commission of the Philippines]]), the Philippine Historical Association, the Philippine Library Association, Association of university and College Professors, the Philippine China Cultural Association, and the Philippine National Historical Society, led by fellow Rizaleños [[Eulogio Rodriguez]] and [[Juan Sumulong]], supported the renaming of Highway 54 to Epifanio de los Santos Avenue. On April 7, 1959, de los Santos' birth anniversary, Republic Act No. 2140 was passed, renaming the avenue to honor him.<ref name="Republic Act 2140">{{cite PH act|url=http://www.chanrobles.com/republicacts/republicactno2140.html| chamber=RA| number=2140| title=An Act Changing the Name of Highway 54 in the Province of Rizal to Epifanio De Los Santos Avenue in Honor of Don Epifanio De Los Santos, a Filipino Scholar, Jurist and Historian|date=April 7, 1959}}</ref> Rapid urbanization in the 1960s and 1970s, particularly after the annexation of several Rizal towns to the newly established [[Metro Manila|National Capital Region]], marked the growth of the industrial centers along the road, and several other roads connected to the avenue, such as [[Ayala Avenue]] and McKinley Road in [[Makati]]. Construction of EDSA continued into the 1970s, including the construction of the [[Guadalupe Bridge]] in the 1960s to connect its segments on the north and south banks of the [[Pasig River]], with the Pasay segment being delayed due to right-of-way issues.<ref name="highway54_alcazaren" /> During the rule of President [[Ferdinand Marcos]], traffic jams along the avenue started to build up. Several interchanges were constructed to relieve congestion, including the [[Balintawak Interchange|Balintawak]] and [[Magallanes Interchange]]s. Later, with the implementation of the [[Major roads in Metro Manila#The Manila Arterial Road System|Metro Manila Arterial Road System]] in 1965, in order to complete the [[Circumferential Road 4]] system, EDSA was extended from Taft Avenue to [[Roxas Boulevard]], occupying parcels of land along the old F. Rein Street and Del Pan Avenue (P. Lovina Street) in Pasay.<ref>{{cite PH act|url=https://www.lawphil.net/statutes/bataspam/bp1983/bp_340_1983.html|date=February 17, 1983|chamber=BP|number=340|access-date=March 25, 2025|title=An Act Expropriating Specified Parcels of Private Land Located Along F. Rein-Del Pan Streets from Taft Avenue to Roxas Boulevard in the City of Pasay, Metropolitan Manila, for the Construction of the Epifanio De Los Santos Avenue (Edsa) Extension; the Edsa Outfall of the Manila and Suburb Flood Control and Drainage Project, and the "Cut-Off" of Estero Tripa De Gallina, and for Other Purposes|archive-date=April 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210426130402/https://www.lawphil.net/statutes/bataspam/bp1983/bp_340_1983.html}}</ref> Until the mid-1980s, many parts of the highway still overlooked vast grassland and open fields. ===The EDSA Revolution=== {{main|People Power Revolution}} <!-- Commented out: [[File:EDSA Revolution pic1.jpg|thumb|The People Power Revolution. The picture above shows the Santolan-Bonny Serrano intersection being flocked by thousands of protesters]] --> By 1986, political opposition to the 20-year dictatorship of President Ferdinand Marcos mounted. In late February, high-ranking military officers including [[Department of National Defense (Philippines)|Defence Minister]] [[Juan Ponce Enrile]] and General [[Fidel Ramos]], defected from the Marcos government and seized [[Camp Crame]] and [[Camp Aguinaldo]], two military bases located across each other midway along EDSA. This triggered three days of peaceful demonstrations that became the [[People Power Revolution]]. The majority of protesters were gathered at the gates of the two bases, along a stretch of EDSA between the commercial districts of Cubao in Quezon City and Ortigas Center in Mandaluyong. Over two million Filipino civilians, along with political, military, and religious groups led by [[Archbishop of Manila]] [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]] [[Jaime Sin]], succeeded in toppling President Marcos. [[Corazon Aquino]], the widow of [[Assassination of Benigno Aquino Jr.|assassinated]] opposition senator [[Benigno Aquino Jr.]], was installed as president on the morning of February 25; by midnight, Marcos had escaped [[Malacañang Palace]] with his family, and was flying to exile in [[Hawaii]]. ===Monuments=== Several landmarks commemorate historical events that occurred along the avenue. At the intersection of EDSA and Ortigas Avenue is [[EDSA Shrine]], a Catholic church capped by a bronze statue of the [[Blessed Virgin Mary]] as [[Our Lady of Peace]]. The shrine is dedicated to this [[Marian title]] in memory of the pious folk belief that in the 1986 Revolution, the Virgin Mary personally shielded the protesters – many of whom were peacefully praying and singing – as they faced government troops, tanks, and aircraft. The [[People Power Monument]] ({{langx|tl|Monumento ng Lakás ng Bayan}}), consisting of a giant statue and esplanade, sits at the corner of EDSA and White Plains Avenue. Sculpted by [[Eduardo Castrillo]] and unveiled in 1993, the central sculpture depicts protesters standing upon a circular podium, all surrounding a woman (representing ''Ináng Bayan'' or the [[Homeland#Motherland|Motherland]]), reaching up to the heavens with her outstretched hands and broken shackles. A [[Philippine flag]] rises behind her, while a statue of [[Ninoy Aquino]] and an eternal flame stand on either side at its base. A huge, limestone-faced wall with grooves for ribbons in the national colors forms a backdrop to the scene. The surrounding pavement contains a row of flagstaffs, and is the center for protests and ceremonies held on the Revolution's anniversary of February 25. Monuments dedicated to [[Andrés Bonifacio]] are situated at two locations along EDSA: the [[Balintawak Interchange]] and the avenue's terminus, the Monumento Circle. The monument at Balintawak, erected in 1971, replaced the old Cry of Balintawak Monument, a monument commemorating the [[Cry of Pugad Lawin]] and was transferred to the [[University of the Philippines Diliman]] campus in 1968.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1181983|title=The 'Unang Sigaw' monument in Balintawak|first=Severino|last=Samonte|date=August 29, 2022|access-date=May 11, 2024|work=Philippine News Agency}}</ref> On the other hand, the [[Bonifacio Monument]] at Monumento was built in 1929 and unveiled in 1933. ===Recent history=== [[File:EDSA-Wackwack, MRT Ortigas Station (Mandaluyong; 03-29-2024).jpg|thumb|EDSA with the [[Ortigas station|Ortigas MRT Station]] in the background]] After the [[People Power Revolution]], the highway was commonly referred to as EDSA, and it was connected to its southern extensions. In 1997, construction began on the [[Manila Metro Rail Transit System]], which runs the length of EDSA from [[North Avenue, Quezon City|North Avenue]] to [[Taft Avenue]]. It was opened under the administration of [[Joseph Estrada]], the [[List of presidents of the Philippines|thirteenth]] [[President of the Philippines]].<ref name="srts">[http://www.lrta.gov.ph/news/news_item_071503_GMALaunchesTransit.htm GMA Launches transit system] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090629215237/http://www.lrta.gov.ph/news/news_item_071503_GMALaunchesTransit.htm |date=June 29, 2009 }}, [[Philippine Star]], July 15, 2003</ref><ref name="lto">[http://www.lto.gov.ph/stats2005annual/MVRegisteredCY200320042005.htm NUMBER OF MOTOR VEHICLES REGISTERED: Comparative, JAN.- DEC. 2003, 2004, 2005] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091023082926/http://www.lto.gov.ph/stats2005annual/MVRegisteredCY200320042005.htm |date=October 23, 2009 }}, [[Land Transportation Office (Philippines)|Land Transportation Office]], January 23, 2006</ref> The [[Second EDSA Revolution]], which also took place along the avenue, resulted in the peaceful ouster of President Estrada following his [[Trial of Joseph Estrada|impeachment trial]]. He was succeeded by his [[Vice President of the Philippines|Vice-President]], [[Gloria Macapagal Arroyo]]. She was sworn in on the terrace of EDSA Shrine by then-[[Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines|Chief Justice]] [[Hilario Davide Jr.]] at noon on January 20, 2001, several hours before Estrada and his family fled Malacañang Palace. The [[EDSA III]], which also took place along the avenue from April 25 to May 1 of the same year, resulted in violence when the supporters of former President Estrada attempted to storm the [[Malacañang Palace|presidential palace]] and the military and police were ordered to use their arms to drive them back. Arroyo declared a state of rebellion because of the violence and prominent political personalities affiliated with Estrada were charged and arrested. In 2006, the avenue was further extended from [[Roxas Boulevard]] to the [[SM Mall of Asia]] on the [[Bay City, Metro Manila|Bay City Reclamation Project]], where it now ends at the Globe Rotunda, a [[roundabout]]. That same year, the avenue was badly damaged in September, when [[Typhoon Xangsane|Typhoon Milenyo]] hit Manila. In 2010, the [[LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)|LRT Line 1]] (LRT-1) of the [[Manila Light Rail Transit System]] was extended from [[Monumento station|Monumento]] to [[Fernando Poe Jr. station|Roosevelt]] (now Fernando Poe Jr.), ultimately transversing EDSA to end at the site of the current [[North Avenue station (MRT)|North Avenue MRT station]]. On September 9, 2015, the [[Philippine National Police]] (PNP) deployed the Highway Patrol Group to support [[Metropolitan Manila Development Authority|MMDA]] traffic constables easing traffic on congested segments of EDSA.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.rappler.com/nation/104965-pnp-highway-patrol-group-edsa-traffic|title=Can the police fix EDSA traffic?.|access-date=December 5, 2015|work=[[Rappler]]}}</ref> In September 2017, the construction of the [[North Triangle Common Station]] was started after numerous delays due to bureaucracy and location disputes. It will connect the LRT Line 1, MRT Line 3, MRT Line 7, and the Metro Manila Subway.<ref>{{cite news|last=Jiao|first=Claire|date=September 29, 2017|title=LRT-MRT common station breaks ground|language=en|publisher=CNN Philippines|url=https://cnnphilippines.com/transportation/2017/09/29/lrt-mrt-common-station-groundbreaking.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002072105/http://cnnphilippines.com/transportation/2017/09/29/lrt-mrt-common-station-groundbreaking.html|archive-date=October 2, 2017|access-date=April 10, 2018}}</ref> ==EDSA Carousel== {{Main article|EDSA Carousel}} [[File:EDSA Carousel Monumento Station, Caloocan, Mar 202.jpg|thumb|The Monumento stop of the [[EDSA Carousel]] in [[Caloocan]].]] The [[EDSA Carousel]] is a [[bus rapid transit]] (BRT) system with stops mostly on the EDSA [[Median strip|median lanes]] serving as the main bus route of the avenue. The system was put into place after almost all public and private transportation along EDSA was prohibited during the [[enhanced community quarantine in Luzon]] imposed during the start of the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines|COVID-19 pandemic]] in March 2020. Interim operations of the BRT system began on July 1, 2020. Intended to be largely served by bus stops along some stops are temporarily served by stations on the [[curb]]side. The system runs on a dedicated bus lane called the EDSA Busway, which is separated by concreted barriers.<ref name="EDSATodayYesterdayTomorrow">{{Cite news |last=Santos |first=Jel |date=October 21, 2020 |title=EDSA today, yesterday – and the promise of better traffic tomorrow |url=https://mb.com.ph/2020/10/21/edsa-today-yesterday-and-the-promise-of-better-traffic-tomorrow/ |access-date=February 3, 2024 |work=<nowiki>[[Manila Bulletin]</nowiki>}}</ref> Prior to the establishment of the EDSA Carousel, the [[Department of Transportation (Philippines)|Department of Transportation]] proposed in 2017 to create two BRT lines in Metro Manila, which would be part of a Metro Manila Bus Rapid Transit System. EDSA would have had been designated as "Line 2: Central Corridor" and would have had {{Convert|48.6|km|sp=us}} of segregated busways covering the length of the road.<ref>{{cite web|title=Metro Manila Bus Rapid Transit - Line 2 (Central Corridor)|url=http://build.gov.ph/Home/Project_Details/28?Agency=DOTr|publisher=build.gov.ph|access-date=May 1, 2020}}</ref> The agency planned to scrap the project by June 2018.<ref>{{cite news|title=DOTr to scrap bus rapid transit project|url=https://www.rappler.com/business/industries/204330-dotr-proposal-scrap-bus-rapid-transit-philippines|agency=[[Rappler]]|date=June 9, 2018|access-date=May 1, 2020}}</ref> However, this appeal was rejected and the Line 1 which will be built on Quezon Avenue, which passes EDSA, was later approved by the [[National Economic and Development Authority]] (NEDA) on November 2, 2018.<ref>{{cite news|title=₱4.8-B Metro bus rapid transit a go|url=https://business.inquirer.net/259889/p4-8-b-metro-bus-rapid-transit-a-go|agency=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]]|date=November 2, 2018|access-date=May 1, 2020}}</ref> In 2019, Senator [[Win Gatchalian]] called for the approval of the BRT system as an alternate mode of transportation to the [[PNR Metro Commuter Line]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Gatchalian calls for fast-tracking of BBB's Metro Manila BRT projects |url=https://www.senate.gov.ph/press_release/2019/0313_gatchalian1.asp |publisher=[[Senate of the Philippines]]|date=March 13, 2019|access-date=May 1, 2020}}</ref> ==Intersections== <!-- [[File:EDSA-Cubao Aurora - Line 2-Line 3 link (Quezon City)(2017-08-13).jpg|thumb|EDSA–[[Aurora Boulevard]] intersection]] [[File:Forbes Park Ayala Dasmarinas Village South Makati Area 07.jpg|thumb|Intersection of EDSA, [[Ayala Avenue]], and [[McKinley Road]] near [[One Ayala]]]] --> {{PHLinttop|km_ref={{efn|group=intersections|Sources:<ref>{{Cite web|title=Metro Manila 3rd|url=http://www.dpwh.gov.ph/dpwh/2016%20DPWH%20ATLAS/Road%20Data%202016/metro_manila_3rd.htm|work=2016 DPWH Atlas|publisher=[[Department of Public Works and Highways]]|access-date=May 21, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709064656/http://www.dpwh.gov.ph/dpwh/2016%20DPWH%20ATLAS/Road%20Data%202016/metro_manila_3rd.htm|archive-date=July 9, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Quezon City 1st|url=http://www.dpwh.gov.ph/dpwh/2016%20DPWH%20ATLAS/Road%20Data%202016/quezon_city_1st.htm|work=2016 DPWH Atlas|publisher=[[Department of Public Works and Highways]]|access-date=May 21, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709064650/http://www.dpwh.gov.ph/dpwh/2016%20DPWH%20ATLAS/Road%20Data%202016/quezon_city_1st.htm|archive-date=July 9, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Quezon City 2nd|url=http://www.dpwh.gov.ph/dpwh/2016%20DPWH%20ATLAS/Road%20Data%202016/quezon_city_2nd.htm|work=2016 DPWH Atlas|publisher=[[Department of Public Works and Highways]]|access-date=May 21, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212130944/http://www.dpwh.gov.ph/dpwh/2016%20DPWH%20ATLAS/Road%20Data%202016/quezon_city_2nd.htm|archive-date=February 12, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Metro Manila 1st|url=http://www.dpwh.gov.ph/dpwh/2016%20DPWH%20ATLAS/Road%20Data%202016/metro_manila_1st.htm|work=2016 DPWH Atlas|publisher=[[Department of Public Works and Highways]]|access-date=May 21, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709064642/http://www.dpwh.gov.ph/dpwh/2016%20DPWH%20ATLAS/Road%20Data%202016/metro_manila_1st.htm|archive-date=July 9, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Metro Manila 2nd|url=http://www.dpwh.gov.ph/dpwh/2016%20DPWH%20ATLAS/Road%20Data%202016/metro_manila_2nd.htm|work=2016 DPWH Atlas|publisher=[[Department of Public Works and Highways]]|access-date=May 21, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709064603/http://www.dpwh.gov.ph/dpwh/2016%20DPWH%20ATLAS/Road%20Data%202016/metro_manila_2nd.htm|archive-date=July 9, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=South Manila|url=http://www.dpwh.gov.ph/dpwh/2016%20DPWH%20ATLAS/Road%20Data%202016/south_manila.htm|work=2016 DPWH Atlas|publisher=[[Department of Public Works and Highways]]|access-date=May 21, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709064704/http://www.dpwh.gov.ph/dpwh/2016%20DPWH%20ATLAS/Road%20Data%202016/south_manila.htm|archive-date=July 9, 2018}}</ref>}}|append=Intersections are numbered by kilometer post, with [[Rizal Park]] in [[Manila]] designated as [[kilometre zero|kilometer zero]]. }} {{PHLint |hucicc=Caloocan |lspan=5 |km=9.014 |km2=9.209 |road={{Jct|country=PHL|N|1|N|150|name1=[[MacArthur Highway]]|name2=[[Rizal Avenue Extension|Rizal Avenue]]|name3={{Jct|country=PHL|AH|N120|name1=[[Samson Road]]}}|location1=[[Valenzuela, Metro Manila|Valenzuela]]|location2=[[Manila]]|location3=[[Navotas]]}} |notes=[[Bonifacio Monument]] Circle (Monumento). Northern terminus. }} {{PHLint |km= |type=incomplete |road=5th Street (B. Serrano) |notes=Northbound access via U-turn slot }} {{PHLint |km= |type=incomplete |road=8th Street (A. De Jesus) |notes=Unsignalized intersection. Access to [[Circumferential Road 3|5th Avenue]]. }} {{PHLint |km= |type=incomplete |road=Biglang Awa Street |notes=Northbound access via U-turn slot. Access to 10th Avenue. }} {{PHLint |km= |type=incomplete |road=Katipunan Street |notes=Northbound entry only from the West Service Road }} {{PHLint |hucicc=Quezon City |lspan=36 |km=10.942 |km2=11.270 |road={{Jct|country=PHL|N|160|AH|E1|name1=[[Bonifacio Avenue|A. Bonifacio Avenue]]|name2=[[North Luzon Expressway|NLEX]]|location1=[[Manila]]|location2=[[Baguio]]}} |notes=[[Balintawak Interchange]] }} {{PHLint |km= |road={{Jct|country=PHL|N|127|name1=[[Quirino Highway]]}}<ref name="dashboard">{{Cite web|url=http://www.dpwh.gov.ph/dpwh/gis|title=Road and Bridge Inventory|website=Department of Public Works and Highways|access-date=June 18, 2020}}</ref> |type=incomplete |notes=Northbound access only. Access to East Service Road running parallel to NLEX. }} {{PHLint |type=incomplete |road=Kaingin Road / Howmart Road |notes=Access from opposite direction via U-turn slot }} {{PHLint |km=12.425 |place=Dario Bridge I over Dario Creek }} {{PHLint |km=12.680 |place=Culiat Bridge I over [[San Juan River (Metro Manila)|San Juan River]] }} {{PHLint |km= |type=incomplete |road={{Jct|country=PHL|N|129|name1=[[Congressional Avenue]]|road|[[Fernando Poe Jr. Avenue]]}} |notes=Access from opposite directions via U-turn slot. Former traffic light intersection. }} {{PHLint |km= |type=incomplete |road=Corregidor Street / Bansalangin Street |notes=Access from opposite directions via U-turn slot }} {{PHLint |km= |type=incomplete |road={{Jct|country=PHL|N|171|N|173|name1=[[West Avenue, Quezon City|West Avenue]]|name2=[[North Avenue, Quezon City|North Avenue]]}} |notes=Access to North Avenue from southbound and access to West Avenue from northbound via U-turn slot. Access to [[SM North EDSA]] and [[TriNoma]]. }} {{PHLint |km= |type=incomplete |road=Trinoma Access Road/[[Mindanao Avenue|Mindanao Avenue Extension]] |notes=Northbound access only. Access to [[TriNoma]]. }} {{PHLint |km= |type=incomplete |road=Vertis North Access Road |notes=Northbound access only. Access to [[Ayala Malls Vertis North|Vertis North Complex]]. }} {{PHLint |km= |place=North end of Quezon Avenue Flyover }} {{PHLint |km=15.432 |km2=16.536 |type= |road={{Jct|country=PHL|N|170|name1=[[Quezon Avenue]]|location1=[[Manila]]|location2=[[Quezon Memorial Circle|QMC]]}} |notes=Traffic light intersection. }} {{PHLint |km= |type=incomplete |road=Panay Avenue |notes=Southbound access only. }} {{PHLint |km= |type=incomplete |road=Mother Ignacia Avenue |notes=Southbound access only. Access to [[ABS-CBN Broadcasting Center]] and [[St. Mary's College of Quezon City]]. }} {{PHLint |km= |place=South end of Quezon Avenue Flyover }} {{PHLint |km= |type=incomplete |road=Eugenio Lopez Drive |notes=Southbound access only. Access to [[ABS-CBN Broadcasting Center]]. }} {{PHLint |km= |type=incomplete |road=GMA Network Drive |notes=Southbound access only. Access to [[GMA Network Center]]. }} {{PHLint |km= |place=North end of Kamuning Flyover }} {{PHLint |km= |type= |road={{Jct|country=PHL|N|172|N|174|name1=[[Timog Avenue]]|name2=[[East Avenue (Quezon City)|East Avenue]]}} |notes=Traffic light intersection. Access to [[GMA Network Center]] and [[Land Transportation Office (Philippines)|Land Transportation Office]] head office. }} {{PHLint |km= |type= |road=Kamias Road / Kamuning Road |notes=Traffic light intersection. No left turn on both sides. }} {{PHLint |km= |place=South end of Kamuning Flyover }} {{PHLint |km=17.650 |place=Lagarian Bridge I over Diliman Creek }} {{PHLint |km= |type=incomplete |road=Ermin Garcia Street |notes=Northbound/southbound access only. Access from opposite directions via U-turn slots (northbound via Kamuning U-turn slot and southbound via Aurora Boulevard U-turn slot.) Southbound side access to Ramon Magsaysay High School }} {{PHLint |km= |type=incomplete |road=New York Street |notes=Northbound/southbound access only. Access from opposite direction via U-turn slots (northbound via Kamuning U-turn slot and southbound via Aurora Boulevard U-turn slot). }} {{PHLint |km= |place=North end of Aurora Boulevard Underpass }} {{PHLint |km= |type= |road={{Jct|country=PHL|N|180|N|59|name2=[[Aurora Boulevard]]}} |notes=Traffic light intersection. Access to [[Araneta Center]]. No left turn from northbound. }} {{PHLint |km= |type=incomplete |road=General Roxas Street |notes=Northbound access only. Access to [[Araneta Center]]. }} {{PHLint |km= |type=incomplete |road=P.A. Bernardo Avenue |notes=Southbound access only. }} {{PHLint |km= |place=South end of Aurora Boulevard Underpass }} {{PHLint |km= |place=North end of P. Tuazon Underpass }} {{PHLint |km= |type=incomplete |road=Mayor Ignacio Santos Diaz Street / General MacArthur Street |notes=Northbound/southbound access only. Access from opposite directions via U-turn slots (northbound via Aurora Boulevard U-turn slot and southbound via P. Tuazon U-turn slot). Access to [[Araneta Center]] from northbound. }} {{PHLint |km= |type= |road=P. Tuazon Boulevard |notes=Traffic light intersection. Access to [[Araneta Center]]. }} {{PHLint |km= |place=South end of P. Tuazon Underpass }} {{PHLint |km= |place=North end of Santolan Flyover }} {{PHLint |km= |type= |road={{Jct|country=PHL|N|185|name1=[[Bonny Serrano Avenue]]}} |notes=Traffic light intersection. Access to [[Camp Crame]] and [[Camp Aguinaldo]]. }} {{PHLint |km= |place=South end of Santolan Flyover }} {{PHLint |hucicc_special=[[San Juan, Metro Manila|San Juan]] – [[Quezon City]] boundary |km= |type=incomplete |road=Annapolis Street |notes=Southbound access only }} {{PHLint |hucicc_special=[[San Juan, Metro Manila|San Juan]] – [[Mandaluyong]] – [[Quezon City]] boundary |km= |type=incomplete |road=Connecticut Street |notes=Southbound access only. Access to [[Greenhills (mixed-use development)|Greenhills Shopping Center]]. }} {{PHLint |hucicc_special=[[Mandaluyong]] – [[Quezon City]] boundary |lspan=6 |km=20.778 |km2=21.659 |type=incomplete |road=White Plains Avenue |notes=Northbound access only }} {{PHLint |km= |place=North end of Ortigas Flyover }} {{PHLint |km= |type=incomplete |road={{Jct|country=PHL|N|60|name1=[[Ortigas Avenue]]|location1=[[Quezon City]]|location2=[[Pasig]]}} |notes=Southbound ramp of [[EDSA–Ortigas Interchange]]. Access to [[Ortigas Center]], [[Meralco]] Complex, and [[The Medical City]]. }} {{PHLint |km= |type= |road={{Jct|country=PHL|N|60|N|184|name2=[[Ortigas Avenue]]|location1=[[Quezon City]]|location2=[[Mandaluyong]]}} |notes=Traffic light intersection under [[EDSA–Ortigas Interchange]]. Access to [[Robinsons Galleria]] and [[EDSA Shrine]]. }} {{PHLint |km= |type=incomplete |road={{Jct|country=PHL|N|184|name1=[[Ortigas Avenue]]|location1=[[Mandaluyong]]}} |notes=Northbound ramp of [[EDSA–Ortigas Interchange]]. Access to [[La Salle Greenhills]] and [[Greenhills Shopping Center]]. }} {{PHLint |km= |place=South end of Ortigas Flyover }} {{PHLint |hucicc=Mandaluyong |lspan=7 |km= |type=incomplete |road=Guadix Drive |notes=Northbound access only. Access to [[Asian Development Bank]]. }} {{PHLint |km= |type=incomplete |road=[[Julia Vargas Avenue]] |notes=Northbound access only. No right turn from Shaw Underpass. Access to [[SM Megamall]]. }} {{PHLint |km= |place=North end of Shaw Underpass }} {{PHLint |km= |type= |road={{Jct|country=PHL|N|141|name1=[[Shaw Boulevard]]|location1=[[Pasig]]|location2=[[Manila]]}} |notes=Traffic light intersection. Access to Shangri-La Plaza and Starmall EDSA-Shaw. No left turn from both sides of EDSA to Shaw Boulevard. }} {{PHLint |km= |place=South end of Shaw Underpass }} {{PHLint |km= |type=incomplete |road=Reliance Street |notes=Northbound access only. Access to [[TV5 (Philippines)|TV5]] Media Center and United Laboratories (Unilab) head office. }} {{PHLint |km= |type=incomplete |road=[[Boni Avenue]] / [[Pioneer Street]] |notes=Northbound and southbound access only. }} {{PHLint |km=25.000 |km2=25.163 |hucicc_special=[[Mandaluyong]] – [[Makati]] boundary |place=[[Guadalupe Bridge]] over the [[Pasig River]] }} {{PHLint |hucicc=Makati |lspan=16 |km=25.163 |km2=26.854 |type= |road=[[J.P. Rizal Avenue]] |notes=Guadalupe Interchange }} {{PHLint |km= |type=incomplete |road=Bernardino Street / P. Burgos Street |notes=No access from opposite directions. }} {{PHLint |km= |type=incomplete |road=Orense Street |notes=Northbound access only. Access to [[Metropolitan Manila Development Authority|MMDA]] Metrobase. }} {{PHLint |km= |type=incomplete |road=Estrella Street |notes=Exit from northbound via flyover ramp. Access to [[Power Plant Mall]]. Connection with [[Estrella–Pantaleon Bridge]]. }} {{PHLint |km=27.132 |type=incomplete |road= {{Jct|country=PHL|N|190|name1=[[Kalayaan Avenue]]|location1=[[Bonifacio Global City|BGC]]}} |notes=Southbound access via U-turn slot. Access to EDSA southbound via flyover ramp. }} {{PHLint |km= |type=incomplete |road=[[Kalayaan Flyover]] |notes=Southbound entrance only from the [[Bonifacio Global City]]. }} {{PHLint |km= |type=incomplete |road=[[Kalayaan Flyover]] |notes=Northbound entrance only from [[Gil Puyat Avenue]]. }} {{PHLint |km= |type=incomplete |road={{Jct|country=PHL|N|190|name1=[[Gil Puyat Avenue]]|road|Buendia Avenue Extension}} |notes=Northbound access to Buendia Avenue Extension accessible via U-turn slot at Ayala Avenue Intersection. }} {{PHLint |km= |place=East end of Ayala Underpass }} {{PHLint |km= |type= |road=[[Ayala Avenue]] / [[McKinley Road]] |notes=Traffic light intersection. Access from Ayala Avenue either through flyover ramp or traffic light intersection. Access to [[Makati Central Business District]], [[Glorietta]], [[Forbes Park, Makati|Forbes Park]], and [[Bonifacio Global City]]. }} {{PHLint |km= |type= |road=[[Arnaiz Avenue]] |notes=Traffic light intersection. Access to [[Dasmariñas, Makati|Dasmariñas Village]]. }} {{PHLint |km= |place=West end of Ayala Underpass }} {{PHLint |km= |type=incomplete |road=[[Chino Roces Avenue]] |notes=Connects with U-turn to EDSA northbound, also route for vehicles which exceeds the height of the Chino Roces Avenue underpass. }} {{PHLint |km= |type= |road={{jct|country=PHL|N|145|AH|E2|name1=[[Osmeña Highway]]|name2=[[South Luzon Expressway]]|location1=[[Manila]]|location2=[[Alabang]]|location3=[[Laguna (province)|Laguna]]|location4=[[Batangas]]}} |notes=[[Magallanes Interchange]]. Access from northbound via at-grade roads and to [[Southern Tagalog Arterial Road]] (STAR Tollway). }} {{PHLint |km= |type=incomplete |road=Lapu-Lapu Avenue |notes=Entrance to EDSA-Osmeña service road only }} {{PHLint |km= |type=incomplete |road=Magallanes Avenue |notes=Traffic light intersection. Northbound entrance only. }} {{PHLint |hucicc_special=[[Makati]] – [[Pasay]] boundary |lspan=2 |km= |type=incomplete |road=Evangelista Street |notes=Southbound only. Access via U-turn slot under Magallanes Interchange }} {{PHLint |km= |type= |road=P. Santos Street |notes=Access via u-turn slot under Magallanes Interchange. }} {{PHLint |km= |hucicc=Pasay |lspan=9 |type= |road=C. Jose Street |notes=Access via u-turn slot under Magallanes Interchange }} {{PHLint |km=31.839 |place=Malibay Bridge over Malibay Creek }} {{PHLint |km= |type=incomplete |road=[[Tramo Street]]|location1=[[Ninoy Aquino International Airport|NAIA]]|extra=airport |notes=Southbound ramp, and northbound at-grade intersection. Access to EDSA southbound via U-turn slot under Magallanes Interchange. }} {{PHLint |km= |type=incomplete |road={{Jct|country=PHL|N|170|name1=[[Taft Avenue]]}} |notes=Pasay Rotonda. No left turn from EDSA southbound, no left turn to EDSA northbound from Taft Avenue. Access to EDSA southbound via u-turn slot under Magallanes interchange. }} {{PHLint |km= |type=incomplete |road=[[F.B. Harrison Street]] |notes=Access to opposite direction provided by U-turn slot (northbound at P. Celle Street and southbound fronting The Heritage Hotel). }} {{PHLint |km=32.285 |type=trans |road={{Jct|country=PHL|AH|N120|N|61|name2=[[Roxas Boulevard]]|location1=[[Manila]]|location2=[[Cavite]]}} |notes=Traffic light intersection. Access to opposite direction formerly provided by U-turn slot and [[Manila–Cavite Expressway]] (CAVITEX). C-4 segment of EDSA ends here. Change from N1/AH26 to unnumbered highway. End of DPWH maintenance.{{efn|name=Bay City Ext|group=intersections|The section of the avenue from Roxas Boulevard towards [[SM Mall of Asia]] is unnumbered, since it is not an original part of the avenue.}} }} {{PHLint |km= |type= |road=[[Macapagal Boulevard]] |notes=Traffic light intersection. Access to [[NAIA Expressway]] (NAIAX) and [[Manila–Cavite Expressway]] (CAVITEX). }} {{PHLint |km= |type=incomplete |road=Sunrise Drive |notes=No access to opposite directions. }} {{PHLint |km= |type= |road=[[J.W. Diokno Boulevard]] |notes=Roundabout. Southern terminus. Serves [[SM Mall of Asia]] and surrounding areas. }} {{Jctbtm|keys=incomplete,trans}} '''Notes''' {{Notelist|group=intersections}} == Landmarks == This list is from north to south. {{col-start}}{{col-3}} === Caloocan === * [[Bonifacio Monument]] * [[Manila Central University]] * La Verdad Christian College Caloocan campus ** [[DWAO-TV]] ** [[DWNU]] ** [[DZXQ]] === Quezon City (north of Timog/East avenues) === * Bonifacio Memorial Elementary School * [[Balintawak Interchange]] * Balintawak market * [[Balintawak station]] * Dario Bridge ([[San Juan River (Metro Manila)|San Juan River]]) * [[Fernando Poe Jr. station]] * [[Quezon City Academy]] * [[SM North EDSA]] * Philippine College of Surgeons * Paramount Building ** [[DZRV-AM]] * [[Trinoma]] * [[North Avenue station (MRT)|North Avenue station]] *[[Vertis North]] ** [[Solaire Resort|Solaire Resort North]] * [[United Church of Christ in the Philippines]] * [[Department of the Interior and Local Government]] ** [[National Police Commission (Philippines)|National Police Commission]] * [[The Skysuites Tower]] * [[Eton Centris]] * [[Quezon Avenue station]] * National Government Center ** [[National Printing Office]] ** [[National Irrigation Administration]] ** Philippine Crop Insurance Corporation ** [[Department of Public Works and Highways]] Bureau of Research and Standards * [[Manuel L. Quezon University]] * [[GMA–Kamuning station]] * [[GMA Network Center]] ** [[DZBB-TV]] ** [[DZBB-AM]] ** [[DWLS]] {{col-3}} === Quezon City (south of Timog/East avenues) === * [[Bernardo Park]] * Lagarian Bridge (Diliman Creek) * Mega Q Mart * [[Ramon Magsaysay (Cubao) High School]] * [[Araneta City]] ** [[Farmers Plaza]] ** Farmers Market ** Expo Centro ** Embassy of Colombia * [[Araneta Center–Cubao station (MRT)|Araneta Center–Cubao MRT station]] * Samson College of Science and Technology * [[Camp Aguinaldo]] * [[Camp Crame]] * [[Santolan–Annapolis station]] * [[People Power Monument]] * [[Department of Migrant Workers]] * [[Ortigas Interchange]] * [[Ortigas Center]] ** [[EDSA Shrine]] ** [[Robinsons Galleria]] ** [[Saint Pedro Poveda College]] === Mandaluyong === * [[Ortigas station]] * [[Ortigas Center]] ** [[SM Megamall]] *** [[Mega Tower]] ** Shang Place *** [[Shangri-La Plaza]] * Starmall EDSA Shaw * [[Shaw Boulevard station]] * [[Greenfield District]] * Paragon Plaza ** [[DWBL-AM]] ** [[DWJM]] ** [[DWLL]] ** [[DWOW]] ** [[DWRT-FM]] ** [[DWSS-AM]] ** [[DWTM]] * [[Boni station]] * [[Philippine Red Cross]] National Headquarters * [[Guadalupe Bridge]] ([[Pasig River]]) {{col-3}} === Makati === * [[Guadalupe station (MRT)|Guadalupe station]] * Guadalupe Commercial Complex * [[San Carlos Seminary]] * [[Global City Innovative College]] * [[Metropolitan Manila Development Authority]] * [[Kalayaan Flyover]] * [[Buendia station (MRT)|Buendia MRT station]] * [[Ayala Center]] ** [[One Ayala]] ** SM Makati ** [[Dusit Thani Manila]] * [[McKinley Exchange Corporate Center]] * [[Ayala station]] * [[Magallanes station]] * [[EDSA station (PNR)|EDSA PNR station]] * [[Magallanes Interchange]] * Malibay Bridge (Estero de Tripa de Galina) === Pasay === * [[Taft Avenue station]] * Metro Point Mall * Heritage Hotel Manila * [[Bay City, Metro Manila|Bay City]] ** DD Meridian Park *** DoubleDragon Plaza ** MetPark *** Met Live **Hotel101-Manila ** SM Central Business Park *** Ice Tower *** Shell Residences *** MOA Globe *** [[SM Mall of Asia]] {{col-end}} ==Future developments== ===Proposed interchanges=== An [[overpass]] over the North Avenue–West Avenue Intersection and Mindanao Avenue Junction in the Triangle Park and a flyover over Congressional Avenue–Fernando Poe Jr. Avenue intersection in Muñoz are already approved and was slated to begin construction construction in 2013.<ref name="dpwh projects for edsa">{{cite web|title=DPWH Future PP Projects|url=http://ncts.upd.edu.ph/old/roadsafety/docs/3rd_urpo.pdf|publisher=[[Department of Public Works and Highways]]|access-date=December 15, 2012|archive-date=August 10, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810132344/http://ncts.upd.edu.ph/old/roadsafety/docs/3rd_urpo.pdf}}</ref> As of 2020, the project is currently on hold. ===Proposed renaming=== On October 13, 2011, Representative [[Rene Relampagos]] ([[Bohol's 1st congressional district|Bohol–1st]]) filed House Bill (HB) No. 5422, proposing to rename Epifanio de los Santos Avenue as "Corazon Aquino Avenue." According to Relampagos, the idea to rename EDSA after Aquino, who led the 1986 People Power, was conceptualized in the aftermath of her death.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Diaz |first=Jess |title=Bill seeks to rename EDSA 'Cory Aquino Avenue' |url=https://www.philstar.com/metro/2011/11/24/750989/bill-seeks-rename-edsa-cory-aquino-avenue |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=Philstar.com}}</ref> However, the measure only went as far as referral to the [[Philippine House Committee on Public Works and Highways|House Committee on Public Works and Highways]] on November 14, 2011.<ref>{{cite PH act|chamber=HB |number=5422 |url=https://issuances-library.senate.gov.ph/bills/house-bill-no-5422-15th-congress-republic|title=Long Title an Act Renaming Epifanio De Los Santos Avenue to Cory Aquino Avenue in Honor of Former President Corazon C. Aquino, First Woman President of the Republic of the Philippines, an Icon of Democracy and a Leading Figure of the 1986 Edsa People Power Revolution That Restored Democracy in the Philippines, Repealing for the Purpose Republic Act No. 2140 and for Other Purposes|date=October 13, 2011|access-date=August 2, 2024|publisher=Senate of the Philippines Legislative Digital Resources}}</ref> ===Construction of EDSA-Taft flyover=== [[File:Pasay Rotonda 01072023 110418.jpg|thumb|Intersection of EDSA and Taft Avenue, also known as Pasay Rotonda, the proposed site for the EDSA–Taft flyover]] On April 2, 2013, then-President Benigno Aquino III gave the go-signal for the construction of a flyover at the perennially traffic-choked corner of EDSA and Taft Avenue in Pasay.<ref name="flyover">{{Cite web|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/383789/aquino-approves-construction-of-edsa-taft-flyover|title = Aquino approves construction of Edsa-Taft flyover|date = April 3, 2013}}</ref> The project is estimated to cost {{Philippine peso|2.8 billion}}, with the flyover extending to about {{convert|1.4|km|sp=us}} each side and it will take one and a half years to complete the project.<ref name="flyover" /> ===Barrier-separated bus lanes=== After stricter implementation of bus lanes and barrier separation through plastic barriers, the [[Metropolitan Manila Development Authority]] (MMDA) started to replace the orange barriers with a concrete permanent barrier used to separate the bus lanes from private vehicle lanes.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Brizuela|first1=Maricar B.|title=Edsa lane rule: 130 fined: barriers to be 'permanent'|url=http://motioncars.inquirer.net/42700/edsa-lane-rule-130-fined-barriers-to-be-permanent|access-date=February 5, 2016|work=Motioncars at Inquirer.net|agency=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]]|date=January 26, 2016|quote=Meanwhile, MMDA Traffic Engineering chief Neomie Recio also announced that the plastic barriers currently used to separate lanes would soon be replaced with more permanent, concrete separators to be provided by the DPWH.}}</ref> ===Proposed road pricing scheme=== With support from [[Singapore]], the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority proposed the implementation of [[congestion pricing]], based on the [[Electronic Road Pricing]] scheme on Singapore, on EDSA to alleviate traffic congestion, along with providing alternate routes and opening some [[gated community]] roads. Implementation is set for 2018, but Rene Santiago, a transport engineer and planner, criticized the proposal because it may only worsen congestion, along with the numerous intersections and side streets along EDSA.<ref>{{cite news|title=MMDA eyes congestion fee on EDSA to ease traffic|url=http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2017/03/15/MMDA-EDSA-traffic-congestion-fee.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170315204044/http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2017/03/15/MMDA-EDSA-traffic-congestion-fee.html|archive-date=March 15, 2017|agency=[[CNN Philippines]]|date=March 15, 2017|access-date=March 22, 2017}}</ref> The congestion pricing proposal was revived again in 2025 by the MMDA, believing that improvements and projected capacity increases in the MRT-3 would allow them to more feasibly introduce congestion pricing and [[high-occupancy vehicle lane]]s.<ref name="RapplerGoodbyeEdsaBus">{{Cite news |last=Cruz |first=James Patrick |date=February 5, 2025 |title=Goodbye, EDSA bus carousel? |url=https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/inside-track/plan-scrap-edsa-bus-carousel-lane/ |access-date=February 5, 2025 |work=[[Rappler]]}}</ref> ===Proposed shared bicycle-motorcycle lanes=== On August 18, 2023, the MMDA proposed converting the bicycle lanes on EDSA exclusive to bicycles into shared lanes for bicycles and motorcycles, claiming that the EDSA bicycle lanes are "underutilized", and also proposed plans to build an elevated walkway and bikeway on EDSA from Guadalupe to Cubao. A preliminary feasibility study will be conducted within the week, with a stakeholders' meeting with cyclists and motorcycle riders taking place on August 29, 2023.<ref name="MMDAClaimsNotDangerous">{{Cite news |last=Rita |first=Joviland |title=MMDA: Proposed shared lane for bikes, motorcycles in EDSA not dangerous |work=[[GMA Integrated News and Public Affairs]] |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/metro/879928/mmda-proposed-shared-lane-for-bikes-motorcycles-in-edsa-not-dangerous/story/ |access-date=August 24, 2023}}</ref><ref name="SharedBikeMotorLane">{{Cite news |last=Relativo |first=James |date=August 23, 2023 |title='Unsafe': Transpo advocates blast plan to merge EDSA bike, motorcycle lanes |newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]] |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2023/08/23/2290835/unsafe-transpo-advocates-blast-plan-merge-edsa-bike-motorcycle-lanes |access-date=August 24, 2023}}</ref> The proposal was criticized by sustainable transport advocates, who claimed that the proposed scheme would compromise the safety of cyclists and argued instead to carve an exclusive motorcycle lane from the regular lanes.<ref name="MMDAClaimsNotDangerous" /><ref name="SharedBikeMotorLane" /> The [[Department of Transportation (Philippines)|Department of Transportation]] will have the final say on the MMDA's proposal, which has jurisdiction over the EDSA bicycle lanes.<ref name="SharedLanes-PNA">{{Cite news |date=August 22, 2023 |title=MMDA eyes 'shared lane' for bicycles, motorcycles along EDSA |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1208258 |access-date=August 24, 2023}}</ref> The MMDA, together with the DILG, revived its proposal for shared bicycle and motorcycle lanes again in 2025, with the latter citing the need for a dedicated motorcycle lane.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Delgado |first=Harlene |date=February 5, 2025 |title='Two-wheel' lanes, gradual busway phaseout, part of Metro Manila comprehensive traffic plan study: Remulla |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/news/weather-traffic/2025/2/5/gradual-busway-phaseout-is-part-of-comprehensive-traffic-plan-study-remulla-1722 |access-date=February 5, 2025 |work=[[ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs]]}}</ref> === 2025 rehabilitation === EDSA is planned to undergo a rehabilitation project initiated by the [[Department of Public Works and Highways]]. The project, slated to begin on June 16, 2025, involves phased road repairs, drainage upgrades, and the application of durable [[bitumen|asphalt]], starting with the segment between Pasay and Shaw Boulevard in Mandaluyong.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1245342|title=DPWH: EDSA major rehab starts end-March|date=March 4, 2025|accessdate=March 31, 2025|first=Ferdinand|last=Patinio|work=Philippine News Agency}}</ref> The project is part of the broader [[Build Better More]] infrastructure program under the administration of President [[Bongbong Marcos|Ferdinand Marcos Jr.]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/2047604/fwd-dizon-edsa-rehab-plans-still-being-finalized-with-metro-manila-lgus|title=Edsa rehab plan being finalized – DOTr|first=Jason|last=Sigales|website=INQUIRER.net|date=March 27, 2025|accessdate=March 31, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/news/nation/2025/5/21/edsa-rehab-to-start-on-pasay-to-shaw-segment-dpwh-1436|title=EDSA rehab to start on Pasay to Shaw segment — DPWH|date=May 21, 2025|accessdate=May 24, 2025|publisher=ABS-CBN News}}</ref> It is also planned to be completed ahead of the 2026 [[ASEAN Summit]]s, which will be hosted by the Philippines.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1246983|title=EDSA traffic overhaul plan to come out next week – MMDA|date=March 27, 2025|accessdate=March 31, 2025|first=Raymond Carl|last=Dela Cruz|work=Philippine News Agency}}</ref> However, on June 1, 2025, the project was temporarily suspended by President Marcos Jr, to search for a "better way."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/news/nation/2025/6/1/marcos-jr-suspends-edsa-rehabilitation-to-find-better-way-1135|title=Marcos Jr. suspends EDSA rehabilitation to find 'better way'|first=Katrina|last=Domingo|work=ABS-CBN News|date=June 1, 2025|accessdate=June 1, 2025}}</ref> During the rehabilitation, an odd-even scheme would be implemented on EDSA except on Sundays, temporarily replacing the number coding scheme.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/metro/947516/mmda-clarifies-odd-even-scheme-to-replace-number-coding-on-edsa/story/|title=MMDA clarifies: Odd-even scheme to replace number coding on EDSA|first=Joseph|last=Morong|work=GMA Integrated News|date=May 27, 2025|accessdate=May 31, 2025}}</ref> Odd-numbered plate numbers are banned on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, while even-numbered plate numbers are banned on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rappler.com/philippines/metro-manila/alternate-routes-edsa-odd-even-map/|title=MAP: Alternate routes during EDSA odd-even traffic coding scheme, rebuild|first=James Patrick|last=Cruz|date=May 29, 2025|accessdate=May 31, 2025|work=Rappler}}</ref> ==Protests== EDSA is frequently used as a protest site. In August 2012, the [[Catholic Church in the Philippines|Catholic Church]] assembled a mass rally on EDSA to oppose the [[Reproductive Health Bill]].<ref>{{cite news|last=ABS-CBN|date=August 3, 2012|title=Church eyes red revolution vs RH Bill|url=http://rp2.abs-cbnnews.com/nation/metro-manila/08/03/12/church-eyes-red-revolution-vs-rh-bill|access-date=August 20, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231002913/http://rp2.abs-cbnnews.com/nation/metro-manila/08/03/12/church-eyes-red-revolution-vs-rh-bill|archive-date=December 31, 2013}}</ref> On September 11, 2013, a prayer vigil called ''EDSA Tayo'' was held at the [[EDSA Shrine]], where around 500–700 people were gathered to call for the abolition of the [[Priority Development Assistance Fund]].<ref>{{cite news|last=De Jesus|first=Julliane Love|date=September 11, 2013|title='EDSA Tayo' rally declared a 'success'|newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/485637/edsa-tayo-rally-declared-a-success|access-date=September 14, 2013}}</ref> On February 25, 2015, various groups held a demonstration along EDSA to demand that President [[Benigno Aquino III]] stand down.<ref>{{cite web|title=Thousands of people march along EDSA to call for the resignation of President Aquino on the 29th anniversary of the People Power Revolution|url=http://imgur.com/gallery/AXKnU|access-date=February 25, 2015|publisher=imgur}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=FACE-OFF. Thousands of protesters face hundreds of cops blocking EDSA-Santolan.|via = [[Facebook]]|url=https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10152737022011169&set=a.10150327970206169.340765.542476168&type=1&permPage=1|access-date=February 25, 2015}}</ref> On August 27–31 of the same year, {{Lang|tl|[[Iglesia ni Cristo]]|italic=no}} adherents [[2015 Iglesia ni Cristo protests|staged demonstrations]] along EDSA near [[SM Megamall]], calling on then-[[Secretary of Justice (Philippines)|Justice Secretary]] [[Leila De Lima]] to focus on issues such as the [[Mamasapano clash]] instead of a case filed by former INC minister Isaias Samson Jr., against Church leaders.<ref>{{cite news|title=Why De Lima is target of Iglesia ni Cristo's anger|work=[[Rappler]]|url=http://www.rappler.com/nation/104111-de-lima-target-iglesia-ni-cristo-anger|access-date=August 30, 2015}}</ref> On November 30, 2016, an anti-Marcos protest was held in the [[People Power Monument]] due to the [[burial of Ferdinand Marcos]] at the [[Libingan ng mga Bayani]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Thousands return to EDSA to protest Marcos hero's burial|work=GMA News|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/590762/news/nation/thousands-return-to-edsa-to-protest-marcos-hero-s-burial}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Anti-Marcos groups hold protests on Bonifacio Day|publisher=CNN Philippines|url=http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/11/30/Anti-Marcos-protests-Bonifacio-Day.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202020135/http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/11/30/Anti-Marcos-protests-Bonifacio-Day.html|archive-date=December 2, 2016}}</ref> On November 5, 2017, critics of the Duterte administration attended a mass held in EDSA shrine to protest against [[Extrajudicial killings and forced disappearances in the Philippines|extrajudicial killings in the country]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Cebu archbishop hits EJKs ahead of EDSA procession|work=[[Rappler]]|url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/187364-cebu-archbishop-ejk-edsa-cebu-procession-heal-land-sunday}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Church calls on public to join activities|work=Cebu Daily News|url=http://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/153182/church-calls-public-join-activities}}</ref> On February 22, 2018, groups gathered at People Power Monument to hold a prayer vigil to show their opposition against [[Constitutional reform in the Philippines|constitutional reform]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Groups gather at EDSA to oppose Cha-cha|work=[[GMA News and Public Affairs|GMA News]]|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/metro/644393/groups-gather-at-edsa-to-oppose-cha-cha/story/}}</ref> On February 22, 2020, demonstrators gathered at the People Power Monument to call on President [[Rodrigo Duterte]] to resign from office.<ref>{{cite web|title=VIDEO: Panawagan nila ang pagbibitiw sa pwesto ni Pang. Rodrigo Duterte dahil sa pagpayag umano nito sa pagpasok ng China sa Pilipinas. {{!}} via @luisitosantos03|url=https://twitter.com/dzbb/status/1231115896489299969|website=[[DZBB-AM|DZBB Super Radyo]]|publisher=[[Twitter]]}}</ref> The avenue is also used in political campaigns by several politicians, particularly those who had been involved in the EDSA Revolution such as [[Joseph Estrada]] and [[Benigno Aquino III]]. ==In popular culture== EDSA was also featured in the film [[The Bourne Legacy (film)|''The Bourne Legacy'']]. Portions of the road from [[Magallanes Interchange]] to [[Taft Avenue]] were featured in a car chase wherein Aaron Cross, played by [[Jeremy Renner]], jumps from the Taft Avenue footbridge to a plying bus.<ref>{{cite web|title='Bourne Legacy' shoot at EDSA-Taft then Palawan|url=http://www.mykiru.ph/2012/01/bourne-legacy-shoot-at-edsa-taft.html|access-date=August 25, 2012}}</ref><ref name="edsabourne legacy">{{cite news|last=GMA News Online|date=January 27, 2012|title='Bourne Legacy' to shoot on EDSA in Pasay, some roads closed|newspaper=GMA News|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/245913/news/metromanila/bourne-legacy-to-shoot-on-edsa-in-pasay-some-roads-closed|access-date=August 25, 2012}}</ref> Due to its notorious traffic congestion, ''Programang EDSA'', a weekday rush hour radio program airing on [[DZMB|90.7 Love Radio Manila]] in the early evening, is named after the avenue.<ref>{{cite AV media |people= |date=May 10, 2024 |title=Programang EDSA (May 10, 2024) {{!}} PART 1 |trans-title= |type= |language=Filipino |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOA6XXPmmww |access-date=May 11, 2024 |format= |time= |location= |publisher=[[DWMB|Love Radio Manila]] |id= |isbn= |oclc= |quote= }}</ref> {{Further|Journey for Peace in EDSA}} [[Pablo (Filipino musician)|Pablo]] of SB19 wrote and performed the song "EDSA" that describes the experience of driving along this avenue especially during rush hour. ==Notes== {{notelist|group=note}} ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== *{{Commons category-inline|EDSA}} {{Road infrastructure in Manila}} {{Martial EDSA}} [[Category:People Power Revolution]] [[Category:Streets in Metro Manila]] [[Category:Ring roads]] [[Category:Shopping districts and streets in Metro Manila]] [[Category:Limited-access roads in the Philippines]] [[Category:Bike lanes in Metro Manila]]
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