Editing ENSTA Paris

{{Short description|French graduate school of engineering}}
{{Infobox university
| name = ENSTA Paris
| native_name = ''École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées''
| image_name = Logo_ENSTA_Paris.jpg
| image_size = 150px
| motto = 
| established = {{start date and age|1741}}<ref>1741 is the year of foundation for ''École des ingénieurs-constructeurs des vaisseaux royaux'', ancestor institution of ENSTA</ref>
| parent = [[Polytechnic Institute of Paris]]
| affiliations = [[Conférence des Grandes écoles]]<ref name="cgefacts">{{cite web |title=ENSTA Paris - CGE |url=https://www.cge.asso.fr/ecoles/ensta-paris/ |publisher=Conférence des grandes écoles |access-date=5 February 2022}}</ref>
| type = [[Grande écoles|Grande école d'ingénieurs]]<br />([[Public university|public]] [[Research university|research]] [[university]] [[Engineering school]]); under military supervision
| endowment = 
| president = Elisabeth CREPON
| faculty = 180 permanent; 650 temporary<ref name="official website">[http://www.ensta.fr/en/Discover_ENSTA/Overview/Key_figures/ official website] retrieved March 2009.</ref>
| students = 897 (2017)<ref>[https://www.ensta-paris.fr/fr/decouvrir-ensta/panorama/chiffres-cles ENSTA website]</ref>
| postgrad = 777 (2017)
| doctoral = 120 (2017)
| city = [[Palaiseau]]
| state = 
| country = France
| athletics = 
| former_names = École Nationale Supérieure du Génie Maritime
| colors = 
| nickname = 
| mascot = 
| website = {{URL|https://www.ensta-paris.fr/en}}
}}

The '''ENSTA Paris''', officially '''École nationale supérieure de techniques avancées''' ({{IPA|fr|ekɔl nɑsjɔnal sypeʁjœʁ də tɛknik(z‿)avɑ̃se}}; {{Translation|"National Higher School of Advanced Techniques"}}), is a French graduate school of [[engineering]] (''école d'ingénieurs''). Founded in 1741, it is the oldest ''[[Grandes écoles|grande école]]'' in [[France]]. It is located in [[Palaiseau]] in the south of Paris, on the [[Paris-Saclay]] campus, and is a constituent faculty of the [[Polytechnic Institute of Paris]]. In 2021, 180 engineers graduated from the school.

== History ==
Originally, the school was the brainchild of [[Henri-Louis Duhamel du Monceau]], inspector general of the Navy. He had identified the need to give the Navy's master carpenters a theoretical education, particularly in mathematics and physics, which were making quick progress, so that they would have a clearer understanding of their trade.

Duhamel du Monceau founded the first school in his home in Paris on the Isle Saint Louis in 1741. This date is recognised as the origin of the institution. In 1748 it was moved to the royal library on rue Richelieu, and in 1753 to the [[Louvre]] Palace, immediately adjacent to the Académie des Sciences.  It was closed in 1759 during the [[Seven Years' War]].  In 1765, he managed to persuade [[Étienne François, duc de Choiseul|the duc de Choiseul]] to reopen it as part of a sweeping overhaul of the navy.  Duhamel du Monceau continued to run the school for the rest of his life.

The '''School of Student Engineer Constructors''', as it was known, was closed in 1793 during the [[French Revolution]].  It reopened in 1795 as an application school for the [[Ecole Polytechnique]]. Later on, it became known as '''''Ecole nationale supérieure du Génie maritime''''' (National Higher College of Maritime Engineering).

In 1970, the Délégation générale pour l'Armement (Arms administration of the Ministry of Defence) merged the school with three of its other establishments:

- the École nationale supérieure des Poudres (Powders and explosives institute)

- the École nationale supérieure de l'Armement (Arms engineering institute)

- the École des Ingénieurs hydrographes de la Marine (Hydrographic institute).

This formed the École nationale supérieure de Techniques avancées (ENSTA), the role of which is to train engineers in the naval, mechanical, nuclear, chemical, electronic and related fields. The scientific skills of each of the founding institutes survives in the broad range of research disciplines covered at ENSTA, as well as in the more general nature of its teaching and the variety of specialities offered to the students.

Today, ENSTA's legal status is that of a "public administrative establishment", placed under the supervision of the Ministry of Defence. It is headed by a general officer of the Corps of Ordnance Ingineers (<small>[[Délégation générale pour l'armement|DGA]]</small>). Some former graduates of {{Lang|fr|[[École polytechnique]]}} attend ENSTA before joining the military Corps of Ordnance Engineers, which staffs the <small>DGA</small>.

==Rankings==

National ranking (ranked as ENSTA Paris for its Master of Sciences in Engineering)
{| class="wikitable centre sortable" style="text-align:center;"
! scope="col" |Name
! scope="col" |Year
! scope="col" |Rank
|-
|''DAUR Rankings''<ref>{{cite web|title=2022 French Graduate Schools of Engineering ranking|url=https://www.daur-rankings.com/en/rankings/engineering_school/2022|website=daur-rankings.com|publication-date=2022}}</ref>
|2022
|4 ea
|}

International ranking (ranked as Institut Polytechnique de Paris)
{| class="wikitable centre sortable" style="text-align:center;"
 ! scope="col" |Name
 ! scope="col" |Year
 ! scope="col" |Rank (World)
 ! scope="col" |Rank (France)
 |-
 |align=center colspan="4" style="background:#CCCCCC"|'''General ranking'''
 |-
 |''CWUR''<ref>{{cite web|title=GLOBAL 2000 LIST BY THE CENTER FOR WORLD UNIVERSITY RANKINGS|url=https://cwur.org/2022-23.php|website=CWUR|publication-date=}}</ref>
 |2022-2023
 |43
 |5
 |-
 |[[QS World University Rankings]]<ref>{{cite web|title=QS World University Rankings 2022|url=https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2022|website=QS Top Universities|publication-date=}}</ref>
 |2023
 |48
 |2
 |-
 |[[Academic Ranking of World Universities|Shanghai Ranking]]<ref>{{cite web|title=2022 Academic Ranking of World Universities|url=https://www.shanghairanking.com/rankings/arwu/2022|website=Shanghai Ranking|publication-date=}}</ref>
 |2022
 |301-400
 |13-16
 |-
 |[[Times Higher Education World University Rankings|Times Higher Education]]<ref>{{cite web|title=World University Rankings 2022|url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2022/world-ranking#!/page/0/length/25/locations/FRA/sort_by/rank/sort_order/asc/cols/stats|website=Times Higher Education|date=25 August 2021 }}</ref>
 |2022
 |91
 |3
 |-
 |align=center colspan="4" style="background:#CCCCCC"|'''Employability ranking'''
 |-
 |QS Graduate Employability Rankings 2022<ref>{{cite web|title=QS World University Rankings 2022|url=https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/employability-rankings/2022?qs_qp=topnav|website=QS Top Universities|publication-date=}}</ref>
 |2022
 |12
 |1
|}

==Academics==
''ENSTA Paris'' is a ''Grande École'', a French institution of [[higher education]] that is separate from, but parallel and connected to the main framework of the [[List of public universities in France|French public university system]]. Similar to the [[Ivy League]] in the United States, [[Oxbridge]] in the UK, and [[C9 League]] in China, ''Grandes Écoles'' are elite academic institutions that admit students through an extremely competitive process.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/expat/4190728/Frances-educational-elite.html|title=France's educational elite|date=17 November 2003|access-date=5 February 2019|work=Daily Telegraph}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Pierre Bourdieu|title=The State Nobility: Elite Schools in the Field of Power|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=do9o-jIrzXgC&pg=PA133|year=1998|publisher=Stanford UP|pages=133–35|isbn=9780804733465}}</ref><ref>[https://www.mbacrystalball.com/blog/2019/04/19/grand-ecoles-france/, What are Grandes Ecoles Institutes in France?]</ref> ''Grandes Écoles'' typically they have much smaller class sizes and student bodies than public universities in France, and many of their programs are taught in English. While most ''Grandes Écoles'' are more expensive than French universities, ''ENSTA Paris'' charges the same tuition fees: €243 annually for the master's degree in 2021/2022<ref>{{cite web |title=DROITS DE SCOLARITÉ - FORMATION INITIALE NIVEAUX LICENCE ET MASTER ANNÉE UNIVERSITAIRE 2021-2022 |url=https://ens-paris-saclay.fr/sites/default/files/Inscriptions/Droits_Inscriptions.pdf |publisher=École normale supérieure Paris-Saclay |access-date=5 February 2022 |language=Fr}}</ref> International internships, study abroad opportunities, and close ties with government and the corporate world are a hallmark of the ''Grandes Écoles''.<ref>{{cite news |title=FT European Business Schools Ranking 2021: France dominates |url=https://www.ft.com/content/8afb073d-2f5e-45d6-a6bd-4efc32ff3895 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/8afb073d-2f5e-45d6-a6bd-4efc32ff3895 |archive-date=2022-12-10 |url-access=subscription |newspaper=[[Financial Times]] |date=5 December 2021 |access-date=26 January 2022 |last1=Jack |first1=Andrew }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Higher Education in France |url=https://global.bsb-education.com/burgundy-school-of-business/?tabs=about-us |publisher=BSB |access-date=26 January 2022}}</ref> Degrees from ''ENSTA Paris'' are accredited by the ''Conférence des Grandes Écoles''<ref>{{cite web |title=Conférence des grandes écoles: commission Accréditation |url=https://www.cge.asso.fr/commissions/accreditation/ |publisher=Conférence des grandes écoles |access-date=21 January 2022}}</ref> and awarded by the [[Ministry of National Education (France)]] ({{langx|fr|Le Ministère de L'éducation Nationale}}).<ref>{{cite web |title=Etablissements dispensant des formations supérieures initiales diplômantes conférant le grade de master |url=https://www.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr/fr/etablissements-dispensant-des-formations-superieures-initiales-diplomantes-conferant-le-grade-de-46529 |website=Ministry of France, Higher Education |publisher=Ministère de l'Enseignement supérieur, de la Recherche et de l'Innovation |access-date=16 January 2022}}</ref> Alums go on to occupy elite positions within government, administration, and corporate firms in France.<ref name="sociologie">[[Monique de Saint-Martin]], « Les recherches sociologiques sur les grandes écoles : de la reproduction à la recherche de justice », Éducation et sociétés 1/2008 (No.&nbsp;21), {{p.|95-103}}. [http://www.cairn.info/revue-education-et-societes-2008-1-page-95.htm lire en ligne] sur [[Cairn.info]]</ref><ref name="insee">Valérie Albouy et Thomas Wanecq, [http://www.insee.fr/fr/ffc/docs_ffc/es361b.pdf Les inégalités sociales d’accès aux grandes écoles] (2003), [[INSEE]]</ref>

=== Degrees ===

*Diplôme d'Ingénieur de l'ENSTA Paris (equivalent to a Master of Sciences in Engineering)
*Master's degree in Nuclear Plant Design
*Master's degree in Acoustical engineering
*Master's degree in Maritime engineering : transport systems and offshore energies
*Master's degree in Operational research
*Master's degree in Analysis, modeling, simulation
*Master's degree in Consulting in Organization, Strategy
*Master's degree in Cyber-physical systems design
*Master's degree in Processes, energy, environment
*[[Mastère Spécialisé]] Maritime Engineering: transport, energy, sustainable development
*[[Mastère Spécialisé]] Architecture and security of information systems
*[[Mastère Spécialisé]] Design and Exploitation of Autonomous Maritime System
*[[Mastère Spécialisé]] Project Manager in charging infrastructure and electric vehicles
*[[Mastère Spécialisé]] Engineering of Localization Systems and Multi-Sensors

==Notable alumni==

=== Military and politics ===

* [[Alain Bouquin]], General Commander of the [[French Foreign Legion]]
* [[Eugène Deloncle]]
* [[Édouard Jean Baptiste Milhaud]]
*[[Guillaume Delcourt]]

=== Engineering and industry ===

*[[Louis-Émile Bertin]]
*[[Valérie Cornetet]]
*[[Henri Dupuy de Lôme]]
*[[Jacques-Noël Sané]]
*[[Léonce Verny]]
*[[Ernest Mercier]], former President of [[Alstom]]
*[[Jerome Guillen]], President of Automotive at [[Tesla, Inc.]]
*[[Fatim-Zahra Ammor]] Moroccan Minister

=== Chemistry ===

* [[Paul Marie Eugène Vieille]]

=== Physics ===

* [[Gérard Albert Mourou|Gérard Albert Mourou, Physics Nobel Prize 2018]]<ref>[[Gérard Mourou]]</ref>{{Circular reference|date=March 2019}}
*[[François Forget]], Astrophysicist and Member of the French Academy of Sciences
* [[Paul-Henri Rebut]], Physicist, designer and Director of JET nuclear fusion facility, Chevalier de l'Ordre national du Mérite, Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur, Hannes Alfvén Prize and Member of the French Academy of Sciences

=== Mathematics ===

*[[Charles Dupin]]

=== Computer Science ===

*[[François Chollet]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.ensta-paris.fr/en/  ENSTA Paris]

{{ParisTech}}
{{Conférence des Grandes Écoles}}
{{Établissement public à caractère administratif}}
{{Top Industrial Managers for Europe}}
{{Authority control}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:ENSTA Paris}}
[[Category:ParisTech]]
[[Category:Engineering universities and colleges in France]]
[[Category:Grandes écoles]]
[[Category:Universities in Île-de-France]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 1970]]
[[Category:1970 establishments in France]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1741]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in the 18th century]]
[[Category:1741 establishments in France]]