Editing Economy of Grenada

{{Short description|None}} 
{{Infobox economy
|country = Grenada
|image = GREN-stgeorges-fortfred.jpg
|caption = [[St. George's, Grenada|St. George's]]
|currency = [[East Caribbean dollar]] (XCD)
|year = 
|organs = [[CARICOM]]
|gdp = {{plainlist|
*{{increase}} $1.185 billion (nominal, 2018)<ref name="IMFWEOGD">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=40&pr.y=5&sy=2017&ey=2021&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=328&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC%2CPCPIPCH&grp=0&a= |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2019 |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org |access-date=22 October 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730224656/https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=40&pr.y=5&sy=2017&ey=2021&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=328&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC%2CPCPIPCH&grp=0&a= |archivedate=30 July 2020}}</ref>
*{{increase}} $1.732 billion ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]], 2018)<ref name="IMFWEOGD"/>)}}
|gdp rank = 
|growth = {{plainlist|
*4.2%&nbsp;(2018) 3.1%&nbsp;(2019e)
*−9.6%&nbsp;(2020f) 6.5%&nbsp;(2021f)<ref>{{cite book |title=Global Economic Prospects, June 2020 |page=86 |url=https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/33748 |date=2020 |publisher=[[World Bank]] |doi=10.1596/978-1-4648-1553-9 |isbn=978-1-4648-1553-9 |s2cid=225749731 |access-date=16 June 2020}}</ref>}}
|per capita = {{plainlist|
*{{increase}} $10,939 (nominal, 2018 est.)<ref name="IMFWEOGD"/>
*{{increase}} $15,996 ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]], 2018 est.)<ref name="IMFWEOGD"/>}}
|sectors = [[agriculture]]: 11%; [[Industrial sector|industry]]: 20%; [[Tertiary sector of economic activity|services]]: 69% (2008 est.)
|inflation = 0.806% (2018)<ref name="IMFWEOGD"/>
|poverty =38% (2008 est.) <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2046.html#gj|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070613003340/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2046.html#gj|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 13, 2007|title=Grenada Population Below Poverty Line(%)|publisher=[[CIA World Factbook]]|year=2015|access-date=2016-07-30}}</ref> 
|hdi             = {{plainlist|
*{{increase}} 0.763 {{color|green|high}} (2018)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/indicators/137506 |title=Human Development Index (HDI) |publisher=[[Human Development Report|HDRO (Human Development Report Office)]] [[United Nations Development Programme]] |website=hdr.undp.org |access-date=11 December 2019}}</ref> ([[List of countries by Human Development Index|78th]])
*N/A [[List of countries by inequality-adjusted HDI|IHDI]] (2018)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/table-3-inequality-adjusted-human-development-index-ihdi |title=Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) |publisher=[[Human Development Report|HDRO (Human Development Report Office)]] [[United Nations Development Programme]] |website=hdr.undp.org |access-date=11 December 2019}}</ref>}}
|labor = 59,900 (2013 est.)
|occupations = agriculture 11%, industry 20%, services 69% (2008 est.)
|unemployment = 33.5% (2008 est.)
|edbr = {{increase}} [[Ease of doing business index#Ranking|146th (medium, 2020)]]<ref name=" World Bank and International Financial Corporation ">{{cite web |url=http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/grenada |title=Ease of Doing Business in Grenada |publisher=Doingbusiness.org |access-date=2017-01-23 }}</ref>
|industries = nutmeg, bananas, cocoa, fruit and vegetables, clothing, mace
|exports = $43.8 million (2015 est.)
|export-goods =  [[nutmeg]], [[bananas]], cocoa, [[fruit and vegetables]], [[clothing]], [[mace (spice)|mace]]
|export-partners = {{plainlist|
*{{flag|United States}} 29.9%
*{{flag|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}} 11.6%
*{{flag|France}} 6.96%
*{{flag|Germany}} 5.39%
*{{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}} 5.32% (2021)<ref name="OECExport">{{cite web |title=Export Partners of Grenada|url=https://oec.world/en/visualize/tree_map/hs92/export/grd/show/all/2021 |publisher=[[The Observatory of Economic Complexity]] |access-date=10 February 2024}}</ref>}}
|imports = $310.4 million (2015 est.)
|import-goods = food, manufactured goods, machinery, chemicals, fuel
|import-partners = {{plainlist|
*{{flag|United States}} 34.6%
*{{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}} 16.6%
*{{flag|Cayman Islands}} 8.22% (2021)<ref name="OECImport">{{cite web |title=Import Partners of Grenada|url=https://oec.world/en/visualize/tree_map/hs92/import/grd/show/all/2021 |publisher=[[The Observatory of Economic Complexity]] |access-date=10 February 2024}}</ref>}}
|debt = $538 million (2010)
|revenue = $175.3 million (2009 est.)
|expenses = $215.9 million (2009 est.) 
|credit = B− (Domestic)<br>B- (Foreign)<br>BBB- (T&C Assessment)<br>([[Standard & Poor's]])<ref>{{cite web |title= Sovereigns rating list |publisher=Standard & Poor's |url=http://www.standardandpoors.com/ratings/sovereigns/ratings-list/en/eu/?subSectorCode=39 |access-date=26 May 2011}}</ref>
|aid =  $8.3 million (1995)
|cianame = 
}}
[[File:NutmegGrenada1.jpg|thumb|Nutmeg is one of Grenada's key exports]]
The '''[[economy]] of [[Grenada]]''' is largely [[tourism]]-based, small, and open economy. Between the 1980s and the 2000s, the main thrust of Grenada's economy has shifted from [[agriculture]] to services, with tourism serving as the leading foreign [[currency]] earning sector. The country's principal export crops are the spices [[nutmeg]] and [[mace (spice)|mace]] (Grenada is the world's second-largest producer of nutmeg after [[Indonesia]]). Other crops for export include [[Cocoa bean|cocoa]], [[Citrus|citrus fruits]], [[Banana|bananas]], [[Clove|cloves]], and [[cinnamon]]. Manufacturing industries in Grenada operate mostly on a small scale, including production of beverages and other foodstuffs, [[Textile|textiles]], and the assembly of [[Electronic component|electronic components]] for export.

Economic growth picked up in the late 1990s following slow growth and domestic [[fiscal adjustment]] in the early years of the decade. Despite an expansionary [[fiscal policy]], the [[public debt]] remained moderate at around 50 percent of [[Gross domestic product|GDP]] as deficits were financed partly by [[privatization]] receipts. Since 2001, economic growth has declined. The decline was caused by adverse shocks, such as a slowdown in the global economy and [[Natural disaster|natural disasters]]. To deal with the shocks, fiscal policy became more expansionary, while privatization receipts declined. As a result, public debt increased sharply to near 110 percent of GDP in 2003. Economic conditions worsened when [[Hurricane Ivan]] hit the country in September 2004; progress in [[Austerity measures|fiscal consolidation]] was impeded as government revenues fell and policy priorities was shifted to post-hurricane relief.

Although reconstruction has proceeded quickly with significant aid from the [[international community]], tourism and agricultural activities remain weak and nearly offset the stimulus from the reconstruction boom. The country is still facing the difficult task of reconstruction and recovery, while public debt is unsustainable and the [[government]] faces large financing gaps. In the years ahead, reinvigorating growth will be a high priority, and continued efforts are needed to address vulnerabilities.

== Overview ==
The economy of Grenada is small, and tourism is its largest [[Foreign exchange market|foreign exchange]] earner.<ref name="CIA World Factbook - Grenada">{{cite web |title=CIA World Factbook – Grenada |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/grenada/ |access-date=12 July 2019}}</ref> Grenada shares a common central bank with [[Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States]] (OECS)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States |url=https://oecs.org/en/ |access-date=2019-12-11 |website=oecs.org}}</ref> and holds [[Eastern Caribbean dollar|East Caribbean dollars]] as its currency. After tourism, Grenada relies heavily on agricultural exports, mainly different types of spices.<ref name="britannica.com">{{cite web |title=Grenada {{!}} History, Geography, & Points of Interest |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Grenada |access-date=2020-06-12 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Nutmeg, wheat flour, and various fruits make up the majority of Grenada's exports (per 2017).<ref>{{Cite news |title=Products exported by Grenada (2017) |url=https://oec.world/en/visualize/tree_map/hs92/export/grd/all/show/2017/ |access-date=2019-12-03 |newspaper=Oec - the Observatory of Economic Complexity |language=en}}</ref> Grenada has suffered many economic drawbacks since becoming a nation. A major concern is the rising [[fiscal deficit]] and heavy debt crippling its government operations. [[Hurricane Ivan]] in 2004 led to serious setbacks for Grenada, along with the [[Great Recession in the United States|Great Recession]] in 2008 as the [[United States|United States of America]] is one of Grenada's largest trade partners.<ref>{{Cite web |title=OEC - Grenada (GRD) Exports, Imports, and Trade Partners |url=https://oec.world/en/profile/country/grd/ |access-date=2019-12-03 |website=oec.world |language=en}}</ref> Grenada was listed nine spaces above the bottom when it came to total debt in 126 developing countries in 2017.<ref>{{cite news |last=Elliott |first=Larry |date=18 March 2018 |title=Developing countries at risk from US rate rise, debt charity warns |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/mar/18/developing-countries-risk-from-us-rate-rise-jubilee-debt-campaign-warns |access-date=19 March 2018}} Jubilee Debt Campaign study</ref>

==Economic Performance==

After experiencing [[Gross domestic product|GDP]] growth averaging nearly six percent a year in the late 1990s, economic growth declined considerably after 2001 as a result of  a decline in the tourism industry following the [[September 11 attacks|September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks]], and damages caused by several [[Tropical cyclone|hurricanes]].

The [[economy]] of Grenada was brought to a near standstill in September 2004 by Hurricane Ivan, which damaged or destroyed 90 percent of the country's buildings, including some tourist facilities. In July 2005, [[Hurricane Emily (2005)|Hurricane Emily]] struck Grenada who was still recovering from the impact of Hurricane Ivan. Besides the negative impacts to the tourism industry, the two devastating hurricanes destroyed or significantly damaged a large percentage of Grenada's tree crops, which may take years to recover.

As the damage of [[Hurricane Ivan]] to the economy exceeded 200 percent of GDP, economic growth registered a negative growth of three percent in 2004, compared with a positive growth rate of 5.8 percent in 2003. Although signs of recovery have been seen in Grenada after the damage inflicted by Hurricanes Ivan and Emily, economic conditions remain difficult; GDP is projected at a growth rate of only one percent for 2005.

With the absence of sustained growth, the fiscal situation started to deteriorate after 2001, reflecting a continued expansionary policy with a sharp increase in spending on social sectors, the wage bill, and goods and services. As a result, the fiscal deficit rose to 8.5 percent of GDP in 2001 from 3.2 percent in 2000. The fiscal situation remained shaky in 2002, with the deficit widening to 19.2 percent of GDP due to dampened output from [[Hurricane Lili|Tropical Storm Lili]]. As the economy began to recover in 2003, the government began to take steps for fiscal consolidation, and the fiscal deficit fell to 4.8 percent of GDP. Progress in fiscal consolidation was impeded in 2004 as the government policy changed abruptly to post-hurricane relief.  Meanwhile, government revenues decreased as a result of the impact of the hurricanes on the economy.

While economic growth has declined since 2001 due to adverse shocks, including a slowdown in the global economy and natural disasters, fiscal policy became more expansionary when privatization receipts declined. As a result, [[Government debt|public debt]] has increased sharply to over 100 percent of GDP since 2002; it remained as high as near 130 percent of GDP in 2004.

Grenada is a member of the [[Eastern Caribbean Central Bank]] (ECCB), which manages [[monetary policy]] and issues a common currency for all the member countries. Inflation has remained low and stable within the framework of the currency board arrangement, with inflation averaging at two percent over the past 15 years.

==Balance of Payments==

Grenada's current account balance has remained in large deficit due to its heavy dependence on import of most [[consumer goods]] and domestic investment. Following an average deficit of around 44 percent of GDP from 1997 to 2000, the current account deficit has increased to over 35 percent of GDP since 2001 due to higher import demand combined with lower receipts from tourism and nutmeg exports. The current account deficits are financed by inflows of foreign direct investment, official [[Grant (money)|grants]] and [[Loan|loans]], and commercial borrowing by the private sector. Grenada's economy is vulnerable to external shocks considering its high dependence on tourism, exports, and imports of most of the goods that are consumed or invested domestically. It is also prone to other adverse shocks such as natural disasters.

==Regional Situation==

In the aftermath of Hurricanes Ivan and Emily, the priority now for Grenada is to continue the recovery process necessary to restore the infrastructure that was devastated by the hurricanes. The international community has disbursed significant amounts of aid, including financial help under the International Monetary Fund's emergency assistance policy for natural disasters and assistance from the [[World Bank]] and the [[Caribbean Development Bank]].

In the context of regional economic development, further integration into the Eastern Caribbean regional economy will help enhance Grenada's competitiveness and increase its scale of economy in production, marketing and distribution. The country also launched a citizenship by investment program in 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grenada citizenship by investment |url=https://www.cbi.gov.gd/index.php |website=Government of Grenada}}</ref>

== International Monetary Fund ==
The nation of Grenada joined the [[International Monetary Fund]] (IMF) on August 27, 1975.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grenada : 2019 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Grenada |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/CR/Issues/2019/07/01/Grenada-2019-Article-IV-Consultation-Press-Release-Staff-Report-and-Statement-by-the-47060 |access-date=2019-12-03 |website=IMF |language=en}}</ref> Since then, Grenada has been under heavy review with the IMF, who have made Grenada eligible for special drawing rights. [[Special drawing rights]] (abbreviated SDR) are supplementary [[Foreign exchange reserves|foreign exchange reserve]] assets defined and maintained by the IMF. Based on Grenada's performances, both economically and policy wise, Grenada can be eligible for more SDRs. In the previous years, Grenada and the IMF have been working closely to grow and sustain their economy.<ref name="Kirton 1989">{{Cite journal |last=Kirton |first=Claremont D. |date=July 1989 |title=Grenada and the IMF: The PRG's Extended Fund Facility Program, 1983 |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0094582X8901600307 |journal=[[Latin American Perspectives]] |language=en |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=121–144 |doi=10.1177/0094582X8901600307 |issn=0094-582X |s2cid=143232150|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name="Li 2018">{{Cite journal |author=Mike Xin Li, Saji Thomas, Tamon Asonuma, Michael G. Papaioannou, Eriko Togo |date=2018 |title=Sovereign Debt Restructurings in Grenada: Causes, Processes, Outcomes, and Lessons Learned |url=https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=759503 |journal=Journal of Banking and Financial Economics |language=English |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=67–105 |issn=2353-6845}}</ref>

==Statistics==
[[File:Grenada electricity production.svg|thumb|Grenada electricity production 1980-2019]]
*'''[[GDP]]:''' [[purchasing power parity]] - $1.401 billion (2015 est.)
*'''GDP - [[real growth rate]]:''' 4.6% (2015 est.)
*'''GDP - [[per capita]]:''' purchasing power parity - $13,100 (2015 est.)
*'''GDP - composition by sector:'''
**''Agriculture:'' 6.2%
**''Industry:'' 14.3%
**''Services:'' 79.5% (2015 est.)
*'''Population below poverty line:''' 38% (2008 est.)
*'''Household income or consumption by percentage share:'''
**''lowest 10%:'' NA%
**''highest 10%:'' NA%
*'''Inflation rate (consumer prices):''' 1.3% (2015)
*'''Labor force:''' 59,900 (2013)
*'''Labor force - by occupation:'''
**Services 69%
**Agriculture 11%
**Industry 20% (2008 est.)
*'''Unemployment rate:''' 33.5% (2013)
*'''Budget:'''
**''Revenues:'' $191.8 million
**''Expenditures:'' $230.9 million (2012 est)
*'''Industries:''' food and beverages, textiles, light assembly operations, tourism, construction
*'''Industrial production growth rate:''' -1% (2015 est.)
*'''Electricity - production:''' 193 GWh (2012 est.)
*'''Electricity - production by source:'''
**''Fossil fuel:'' 98.2%
**''Hydro:'' 0%
**''Nuclear:'' 0%
**''Other:'' 1.4% (2012 est.)
*'''Electricity - consumption:''' 178 GWh (2012 est.)
*'''Electricity - exports:''' 0 kWh (2013 est.)
*'''Electricity - imports:''' 0 kWh (2013 est.)
*'''Agriculture - products:''' [[banana]]s, [[Cocoa bean|cocoa]], [[nutmeg]], [[Mace (spice)|mace]], [[citrus]], [[avocado]]s, root crops, [[sugarcane]], [[maize]], vegetables
*'''Exports:''' $43.8 million (2015 est.)
*'''Exports - commodities:''' nutmeg, bananas, cocoa, fruit and vegetables, clothing, mace
*'''Exports - partners:''' [[Nigeria]] 44.7%, [[Saint Lucia|St. Lucia]] 10.8%, [[Antigua and Barbuda]] 7.3%, [[Saint Kitts and Nevis|St. Kitts and Nevis]] 6.6%, [[Dominica]] 6.6%, [[United States]] 5.8% (2015)
*'''Imports:''' $310.4 million (2015 est.)
*'''Imports - commodities:''' food, manufactured goods, machinery, chemicals, fuel
*'''Imports - partners:''' [[Trinidad and Tobago]] 49.6%, [[United States]] 16.4% (2015)
*'''Debt - external:''' $679 million (2013 est.)
*'''[[Economic aid]] - recipient:''' $8.3 million (1995)
*'''Currency:''' 1 [[East Caribbean dollar]] (EC$) = 100 cents
*'''Exchange rates:''' East Caribbean dollars (EC$) per US$1 – 2.7000 (fixed rate since 1976)
*'''[[Fiscal year]]:''' calendar year

==References==
*{{CIA World Factbook}}
{{Reflist}}

{{World Trade Organization}}
{{Caribbean in topic|Economy of}}
{{Americas topic|Economy of}}

[[Category:Economy of Grenada| ]]
[[Category:World Trade Organization member economies|Grenada]]