Editing Edward Marsh (polymath)

{{Short description|British polymath (1872–1953)}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
'''Sir Edward Howard Marsh''' {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|KCVO|CB|CMG}} (18 November 1872<ref name="Janus" /> – 13 January 1953) was a British [[polymath]], translator, arts patron and civil servant.<ref>{{Cite book|title=A biography of Edward Marsh|last=Hassall|first=Christopher|publisher=Harcourt, Brace, and Co.|year=1959|location=New York|pages=26–53}}</ref> He was the sponsor of the [[Georgian poetry|Georgian]] school of poets and a friend to many poets, including [[Rupert Brooke]] and [[Siegfried Sassoon]]. In his career as a civil servant he worked as private secretary to a succession of the United Kingdom's most powerful ministers, particularly [[Winston Churchill]].  He was a discreet but influential figure within Britain's homosexual community.<ref>{{cite web|last=Taylor|first=John Russell|title=A Neglected Painter|url=http://www.apollo-magazine.com/reviews/books/6091753/a-neglected-painter.thtml|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120719120352/http://www.apollo-magazine.com/reviews/books/6091753/a-neglected-painter.thtml|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 July 2012| publisher=Apollo| access-date=25 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Motion|first=Andrew|title=Strange Meetings: The Poets of the Great War by Harry Ricketts – review|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2010/nov/13/strange-meetings-poets-war-review| access-date=25 March 2012|newspaper=The Guardian|date=13 November 2010}}</ref>

==Early life==
Marsh's father was [[Frederick Howard Marsh|Howard Marsh]], a surgeon and later Master of [[Downing College, Cambridge]]. His mother, born Jane Perceval, was a granddaughter of prime minister [[Spencer Perceval]], and a daughter of [[Spencer Perceval, MP]], one of the twelve "apostles" recognized by the movement associated with [[Edward Irving]] and known as the [[Catholic Apostolic Church]]. Jane, a nurse, was one of the founders of the Alexandra Hospital for Children with Hip Disease; Howard was a surgeon at the hospital. Marsh was educated at [[Westminster School]], London, and [[Trinity College, Cambridge]],<ref name="Janus">{{Cite web|url=http://janus.lib.cam.ac.uk/db/node.xsp?id=EAD%2FGBR%2F0014%2FEMAR|title=The Papers of Sir Edward Marsh|work=Janus|publisher=Cambridge University}}</ref> where he studied classics under [[Arthur Woollgar Verrall]]. At Cambridge, he became associated with [[R. C. Trevelyan]], [[Bertrand Russell]], [[G. E. Moore]], and [[Maurice Baring]]. He was a [[Cambridge Apostle]].

==Civil servant==
[[Image:ChurchillMarshAfrica0004.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Edward Marsh (standing) together with Winston Churchill during an African journey in 1907.]]

In 1896 he was appointed Assistant Private Secretary to [[Joseph Chamberlain]], the [[Secretary of State for the Colonies|Colonial Secretary]]. When Chamberlain resigned in 1903, Marsh became Private Secretary to his successor, [[Alfred Lyttelton]]. When [[Winston Churchill]] became [[Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies]] in 1905 during [[Henry Campbell-Bannerman]]'s first Government, Marsh became Churchill's Private Secretary, beginning an association and friendship that would last until Marsh's death. Marsh would be Churchill's Private Secretary for the next ten years, until Churchill left the Government in 1915. As [[Randolph Churchill]], Winston's son put it, from December 1905, "Marsh was to accompany Churchill to every Government department he occupied: to the [[Board of Trade]], the [[Home Office]], [[the Admiralty]], the [[Duchy of Lancaster]], the [[Minister of Munitions|Ministry of Munitions]], the [[War Office]], back to his original [[Colonial Office]] and the [[Treasury]]."<ref>Churchill, Randolph. ''Winston S. Churchill: Young Statesman 1901–1914''. (c) 1967 C&T Publications, Ltd.: p. 110</ref> The moves were somewhat irregular as Marsh remained, until 1937, officially a clerk at the Colonial Office, but many exceptions were made, possibly at a cost to Marsh's official advancement.

When Churchill left government for the first time in 1915, Marsh became Assistant Private Secretary to Prime Minister [[H. H. Asquith]] in which position he served until the fall of Asquith's government in December 1916. When Churchill returned to government as Minister of Munitions in 1916, Marsh joined him there as Private Secretary and worked in that position through successive departments until the fall of [[David Lloyd George]]'s Coalition Government in 1922. When Churchill became [[Chancellor of the Exchequer]] in 1924, Marsh joined him there as Private Secretary and remained at the Treasury until the fall of [[Stanley Baldwin]]'s second government in 1929, when Marsh was returned to work at the Colonial Office. He then served as Private Secretary to every Secretary of State for the Colonies from 1929 until his retirement in 1937. Marsh was knighted upon his retirement and became Sir Edward Marsh.

==Literary career==
A classical scholar and translator, Marsh edited five anthologies of ''[[Georgian Poetry]]'' between 1912 and 1922, and he became [[Rupert Brooke]]'s [[literary executor]], editing his ''Collected Poems'' in 1918. Later in life he published verse translations of [[Jean de La Fontaine|La Fontaine]] and [[Horace]], and a translation of [[Eugène Fromentin]]'s novel ''Dominique''.

The sales of the first three ''Georgian Poetry'' anthologies were impressive, ranging between 15,000 and 19,000 copies apiece.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Copp |first1=Michael |year=2013 |title= Siegfried Sassoon, Modernity and Modernism|journal=Siegfried's Journal |volume=23 |issue=Winter |pages=7–12 |publisher=Siegfried Sassoon Fellowship }}</ref> Marsh and the critic [[J. C. Squire]] were the group's most important patrons, and it was in Marsh's London rooms that [[Siegfried Sassoon]] and Rupert Brooke met for the only time, in June 1914.<ref>Siegfried Sassoon, ''The Weald of Youth'' (Faber, 1942)</ref>
In 1931, he won a literary contest with a new stanza for ''[[Paradise Lost]]'', which repairs the omission of how [http://laudatortemporisacti.blogspot.com/2013/07/adam-and-eve-brush-their-teeth.html "Adam and Eve Brush Their Teeth"]. In 1939, he produced his memoirs, titled ''A Number of People.'' An edited collection of letters, ''Ambrosia and Small Beer,'' appeared in 1964, recording two decades of correspondence with his friend and biographer, [[Christopher Hassall]].<ref>''Ambrosia and Small Beer: the record of a correspondence between Edward Marsh and Christopher Hassall'' (London: Longmans, 1964)</ref>

Marsh advised [[Somerset Maugham]] about his writing between 1935 and 1953 with hundreds of pages of criticism. This is recorded in Ted Morgan's biography of Maugham (1980).

Marsh was also a consistent collector and supporter of the works of the avant-garde artists [[Mark Gertler (artist)|Mark Gertler]], [[Duncan Grant]], [[David Bomberg]] and [[Paul Nash (artist)|Paul Nash]], all of whom were also associated with the [[Bloomsbury Group]].<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Butlin | first1 = M. | title = Edward Marsh, Patron of the Arts: A Biography | journal = The Burlington Magazine | volume = 102 | issue = 686 | pages = 218–219 | year = 1960 }}</ref>

In addition to his work editing Churchill's writing, Marsh introduced Siegfried Sassoon to Churchill as a means of aiding the former's career. He was also a close friend and lover of [[Ivor Novello]].<ref>Chips Channon diary, 6 March 1951</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
* [[Martin Gilbert|Gilbert, Martin]]. ''Winston S. Churchill: The Challenge of War 1914–1916''.(c) (1971) C&T Publications, Ltd.
* Gilbert, Martin. ''Winston S. Churchill: The Stricken World 1916–1922''.(c) (1975) C&T Publications, Ltd., ''etc.''
* Churchill, Randolph S., and Martin Gilbert. (1966). ''Winston S. Churchill''. London: Heinemann.
* Gilbert, Martin. (1992). ''Churchill: A Life''. 1st Owl book ed. New York: Holt.
* Hassall, Christopher. (1959). ''Edward Marsh: Patron of the Arts. A Biography''. London: Longmans; US edition: ''A Biography of Edward Marsh''. New York: Harcourt, Brace.
* Hassall, Christopher, Denis Mathews, and Winston Churchill. (1953). ''Eddie Marsh: Sketches for a Composite Literary Portrait of Sir Edward Marsh''. London: Lund Humphries.
* La Fontaine, Jean de, Edward Howard Marsh, and Stephen Gooden. (1931). ''The Fables of Jean de La Fontaine''. London: New York: Heinemann; Random House.
* Marsh, Edward Howard. (1939). ''A Number of People: A Book of Reminiscences''. New York, London: Harper & brothers.
* Marsh, Edward Howard, and Christopher Hassall. (1964). ''Ambrosia and Small Beer: The Record of a Correspondence between Edward Marsh and Christopher Hassall''. London: Longmans; US edition: New York: Harcourt, Brace & World.
* Schroder, John, and Joan Hassall. (1970). ''Catalogue of Books and Manuscripts by Rupert Brooke, Edward Marsh & Christopher Hassall''. Cambridge: Rampant Lions Press.

== External links ==
* {{Gutenberg author |id=3086}}
* {{Internet Archive author |birth=1872 |death=1953 | sname=Edward Howard Marsh |sopt=tight}}
* [http://libus.csd.mu.edu/record=b1765375 Elizabeth Whitcomb Houghton Collection], containing letters by Marsh
* [http://norman.hrc.utexas.edu/fasearch/findingAid.cfm?eadid=00927 Sir Edward Marsh: an inventory of his collection at the Harry Ransom Center]
* [https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/collections/schroder/1 Schroder Collection (Rupert Brooke), Cambridge University Digital Library], digitised correspondence etc. between Marsh, [[William Denis Browne]], and [[Rupert Brooke]]
*[https://calmview.bham.ac.uk/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=XEM A collection of Marsh's letters] held at the Cadbury Research Library, [[University of Birmingham]]
*[https://archivesearch.lib.cam.ac.uk/repositories/9/resources/1551 Papers of Edward Marsh], particularly containing material related to Churchill, held at [[Churchill Archives Centre]]

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[[Category:1872 births]]
[[Category:19th-century British civil servants]]
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[[Category:19th-century British translators]]
[[Category:19th-century British LGBTQ people]]
[[Category:20th-century British translators]]
[[Category:20th-century British LGBTQ people]]
[[Category:19th-century British male writers]]
[[Category:20th-century British male writers]]
[[Category:20th-century British memoirists]]
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[[Category:British classical scholars]]
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[[Category:People educated at Westminster School, London]]
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[[Category:Companions of the Order of the Bath]]
[[Category:Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George]]
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