Editing Eero Saarinen

{{Short description|Finnish-American architect (1910–1961)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use American English|date=March 2025}}

{{Infobox architect
| name = Eero Saarinen
| image = Eero-Saarinen (cropped).jpg
| caption = Saarinen in 1955 or 1956
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1910|8|20}}
| birth_place = [[Kirkkonummi]], [[Grand Duchy of Finland]], [[Russian Empire]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1961|09|01|1910|08|20}}
| death_place = [[Ann Arbor, Michigan]], U.S.
| nationality = Finnish <br/> American (since 1940)
| alma_mater = [[Académie de la Grande Chaumière]]<br>[[Yale School of Architecture|Yale University]]
| awards = [[AIA Gold Medal]] (1962)
| embedded = {{infobox person
| embed     = yes
| spouse    = {{Plainlist|
* {{marriage|[[Lilian Swann Saarinen|Lilian Swann]]|1939|1954|end=div}}
* {{marriage|[[Aline B. Saarinen|Aline Bernstein]]<br>|1954}}
}}
| partner   = 
| children  = 3, including [[Eric Saarinen]]
| parents   = [[Eliel Saarinen]]<br>[[Loja Saarinen|Loja Gesellius]]
| relatives = [[Pipsan Saarinen Swanson]] (sister)
}}
| practice = Associated architectural firm[s]
| significant_buildings = See [[List of works by Eero Saarinen|list of works]]
| significant_design = [[Gateway Arch]] <br/>[[General Motors Technical Center]] <br/>[[Dulles International Airport]]<br/>[[TWA Flight Center]]<br/>[[Tulip chair]]
}}
'''Eero Saarinen''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|eɪ|r|oʊ|_|ˈ|s|ɑːr|ɪ|n|ə|n|,_|ˈ|eɪr|oʊ|_|-}}, {{IPA|fi|ˈeːro ˈsɑːrinen|lang}}; August 20, 1910 – September 1, 1961) was a Finnish-American architect and industrial designer who created a wide array of innovative designs for buildings and monuments, including the [[General Motors Technical Center]]; the passenger terminal at [[Dulles International Airport]]; the [[TWA Flight Center]] (now [[TWA Hotel]]) at [[John F. Kennedy International Airport]]; the [[Vivian Beaumont Theater]] at [[Lincoln Center]]; and the [[Gateway Arch]]. He was the son of Finnish architect [[Eliel Saarinen]].

==Early life and education==
Eero Saarinen was born in [[Hvitträsk]], Finland (then an autonomous state in the [[Russian Empire]]) on August 20, 1910, to Finnish architect [[Eliel Saarinen]] and his second wife, Louise, on his father's 37th birthday.<ref name=MuseumFinnish1>{{cite web | author = Staff of Arkkitehtuurimuseo | date = 2012 | title = Eero Saarinen | work = MFA.fi | location = Helsinki, FIN | publisher = Arkkitehtuurimuseo [Museum of Finnish Architecture] | language = fi | url = http://www.mfa.fi/arkkitehtiesittely?apid=3870 | access-date = December 28, 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170306113225/http://mfa.fi/arkkitehtiesittely?apid=3870 | archive-date = March 6, 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref name = MuseumFinnish2>{{cite web | author = Staff of Arkkitehtuurimuseo | date = 2012 | title = Eliel Saarinen | work = MFA.fi | location = Helsinki, FIN | publisher = Arkkitehtuurimuseo [Museum of Finnish Architecture] | language = fi | url = http://www.mfa.fi/arkkitehtiesittely?apid=3871 | access-date = December 28, 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170306053205/http://mfa.fi/arkkitehtiesittely?apid=3871 | archive-date = March 6, 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref> They migrated to the United States in 1923, when Eero was thirteen.<ref name=MuseumFinnish1/><ref name=MuseumFinnish2/> He grew up in [[Bloomfield Hills, Michigan]], where his father taught and was dean of the [[Cranbrook Academy of Art]], and he took courses in sculpture and furniture design there.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/06/travel/eero-saarinen-michigan-architecture-modernist-design.html|title=Eero Saarinen's Michigan|last=Dorman|first=John L.|date=October 6, 2017|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 18, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> He had a close relationship with fellow students, designers [[Charles Eames|Charles]] and [[Ray Eames]], and became good friends with architect [[Florence Knoll|Florence Knoll (née Schust)]].<ref name = ShapingtheFuture>{{cite book | author = Coir, Mark |date = 2006 |editor= Pelkonen, Eeva-Liisa |editor2=Albrecht, Donald | title = Eero Saarinen: Shaping the Future | chapter = The Cranbrook Factor | location = New Haven, CT | publisher =[[Yale University Press]] | isbn = 978-0972488129 | url = https://books.google.com/books?isbn=097248812X | access-date = March 21, 2017}}</ref>

Saarinen began studies in sculpture at the [[Académie de la Grande Chaumière]] in [[Paris]], France, in September 1929.<ref name="ShapingtheFuture" /> He then went on to study at the [[Yale School of Architecture]], completing his studies in 1934.<ref name=":0">{{cite web | author = Still, Sylvia | date = 2016 | title = Eero Saarinen | location = Muenchen, DEU | publisher = Art Directory GmbH | url=http://www.eero-saarinen-architect.com/ | work= Art-Directory.info |access-date=December 28, 2016}}</ref><ref name=MuseumFinnish1 /> He subsequently toured Europe and [[North Africa]] for two years, as well as working for a time in Helsinki in the office of architect Jarl Eklund, where he supervised the remodeling of the [[Swedish Theatre]] (1936). That same year, he returned to the United States to work in his father's architectural practice.<ref name=":0" />

==Career==
[[File:Pohjoisesplanadi, etualalla Ruotsalainen teatteri - XLVIIII-323 - hkm.HKMS000005-km00320x.jpg|thumb|upright=1|[[Swedish Theatre]], [[Helsinki]]]]
[[File:St Louis night expblend cropped.jpg|thumb|upright=1|[[Gateway Arch]] in [[St. Louis]]]]
[[File:Dulles Airport Terminal.jpg|thumb|upright=1|[[Washington Dulles International Airport]] outside [[Washington, D.C.]]]]
[[File:Kleinhans_Music_Hall.jpg|thumb|upright=1|[[Kleinhans Music Hall]] in the [[Delaware Park–Front Park System]]]]
[[File:TWA Flight Center interior view.jpg|thumb|upright=1|Fluid and open interior space, typical of Saarinen's style, is evident in the [[TWA Flight Center]] at [[John F. Kennedy International Airport]].]]
[[File:Jfkairport.jpg|thumb|upright=1|TWA Flight Center at JFK International Airport]]
After his tour of Europe and North Africa, Saarinen returned to Cranbrook to work for his father and teach at the academy. His father's firm, Saarinen, Swanson and Associates, was headed by Eliel Saarinen and Robert Swanson from the late 1930s until Eliel's death in 1950 and headquartered in [[Bloomfield Hills, Michigan]] until 1961 when the practice was moved to [[Hamden, Connecticut]].

While still working for his father, Saarinen first gained recognition for his design capabilities for a chair he designed together with Charles Eames, which received first place in the Organic Design in Home Furnishings competition in 1940. The [[Tulip chair]], like all other Saarinen chairs, was taken into production by the [[Knoll (company)|Knoll]] furniture company, founded by [[Hans Knoll]], who married Saarinen family friend [[Florence Knoll|Florence (Schust) Knoll]]. Further attention came also while Saarinen was still working for his father when he took first prize in the 1948 competition for the design of the [[Gateway Arch National Park]] (then known as the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial) in [[St. Louis]]. The memorial was not completed until the 1960s. The competition award was mistakenly addressed to his father because both he and his father had entered the competition separately. 

During his long association with Knoll he designed many important pieces of furniture, including the Grasshopper lounge chair and ottoman (1946), the Womb chair and ottoman (1948),<ref>{{cite news|title=Experts Pick Best-Designed Products of Modern Times|access-date=March 22, 2017|newspaper=[[New York Times]]|date=March 31, 1959|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1959/03/31/89172993.pdf|location=22}}</ref> the Womb settee (1950), side and arm chairs (1948–1950), and his most famous Tulip or Pedestal group (1956), which featured side and arm chairs, dining, coffee and side tables, as well as a stool. All of these designs were highly successful except for the Grasshopper lounge chair, which, although in production through 1965, was not a big success.

One of Saarinen's earliest works to receive international acclaim is the [[Crow Island School]] in [[Winnetka, Illinois]] (1940). The first major work by Saarinen, in collaboration with his father, was the [[General Motors Technical Center]] in [[Warren, Michigan]], which follows the rationalist design [[Ludwig Mies van der Rohe|Miesian style]], incorporating steel and glass but with the addition of accent of panels in two shades of blue. The GM Technical Center was constructed in 1956, with Saarinen using models, which allowed him to share his ideas with others and gather input from other professionals.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Doyle|first=Rachel B.|date=October 13, 2014|title=Nobody Did Midcentury Perfection Like 1956 General Motors|url=https://archive.curbed.com/2014/10/13/10036028/the-midcentury-marvel-that-is-the-gm-tech-center|access-date=September 16, 2021|website=Curbed|language=en}}</ref>

With the success of this project, Saarinen was then invited by other major American corporations such as [[John Deere]], [[Thomas J. Watson Research Center|IBM]]/[[IBM Rochester]], and [[CBS]] to design their new headquarters or other major corporate buildings. Despite the overall rational design philosophy, the interiors usually contained dramatic sweeping staircases as well as furniture designed by Saarinen, such as the Pedestal series.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ilovemyarchitect.com/tag/eero-saarinen/|title=architect}}</ref> In the 1950s, he began to receive more commissions from American universities for campus designs and individual buildings. These include Birch Hall at [[Antioch College]], the Noyes dormitory at [[Vassar College|Vassar]] and [[Hill College House]] at the [[University of Pennsylvania]] as well as the [[Ingalls Rink|Ingalls]] ice rink, [[Ezra Stiles College|Ezra Stiles]] & [[Morse College|Morse]] Colleges at [[Yale University]], [[Concordia Senior College]] in [[Fort Wayne, Indiana]], the [[MIT Chapel]] and [[Kresge Auditorium]] at [[MIT]], and the [[University of Chicago Law School]] building and grounds.

Saarinen served on the jury for the [[Sydney Opera House]] commission in 1957 and was crucial in the selection of the now internationally known design by [[Jørn Utzon]].<ref name="sydneyoperahouse1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.sydneyoperahouse.com/about/house_history/1954_1958.aspx|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150604224335/http://www.sydneyoperahouse.com/about/house_history/1954_1958.aspx|url-status=dead|title=Sydney Opera House History 1954 - 1958 - Sydney Opera House|archivedate=June 4, 2015|website=www.sydneyoperahouse.com}}</ref> A jury which did not include Saarinen had discarded Utzon's design in the first round; Saarinen reviewed the discarded designs, recognized a quality in Utzon's design, and ultimately assured the commission of Utzon.<ref name="sydneyoperahouse1"/>

After his father's death in July 1950, Saarinen founded his own architect's office, Eero Saarinen and Associates.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=urylSyuA3zwC&pg=PA142 |title=On the Wings of Modernism: The United States Air Force Academy |author=Robert Allen Nauman |publisher=University of Illinois Press |year=2004 |page=142|isbn=978-0-252-02891-5 }}</ref> He was the principal partner from 1950 until his death. The firm carried out many of its most important works, including the [[Bell Labs Holmdel Complex]] in [[Holmdel Township, New Jersey]]; the [[Gateway Arch]] in [[St. Louis|St. Louis, Missouri]]; the [[Miller House (Columbus, Indiana)|Miller House]] in [[Columbus, Indiana]]; the [[TWA Flight Center]] at [[John F. Kennedy International Airport]], which he worked on with Charles J. Parise; the main terminal of [[Washington Dulles International Airport]]; and the new East Air Terminal of the old [[Ellinikon International Airport|Athens airport]] in Greece, which opened in 1967. Many of these projects use [[catenary]] curves in their structural designs.

In 1949 and 1950, Saarinen was hired by the then-new [[Brandeis University]] to create a master plan for the campus.<ref name="BuildingBrandeis">{{cite web |title=The Role of Eero Saarinen |url=https://lts.brandeis.edu/research/archives-speccoll/exhibits/building/Eero.html |website=Building Brandeis |publisher=Brandeis University Library |access-date=February 23, 2019}}</ref> Saarinen's plan ''A Foundation for Learning: Planning the Campus of Brandeis University'' (1949; second edition 1951), developed with [[Maciej Nowicki (architect)|Matthew Nowicki]], called for a central academic complex surrounded by residential quadrangles along a peripheral road.<ref name="Brandeis50">{{cite book |last1=Bernstein |first1=Gerald S. |title=Building a Campus: An Architectural Celebration of Brandeis University's 50th Anniversary |date=1999 |publisher=Brandeis University Office of Publications |location=Waltham, Massachusetts |oclc=42703912 |pages=25–26}}</ref> The plan was never built but was useful in attracting donors.<ref name="BuildingBrandeis" /> Saarinen did build a few residential structures on the campus, including Ridgewood Quadrangle (1950), Sherman Student Center (1952) and Shapiro Dormitory at Hamilton Quadrangle (1952).<ref name="Brandeis50" /><ref name="BuildingBrandeis" /> These have all been either demolished or extensively remodeled.{{citation needed|date=April 2019}}

One of his best known [[Thin-shell structure|thin-shell concrete structures]] is the [[Kresge Auditorium]] at [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]]. Another thin-shell structure is [[Ingalls Rink]] at [[Yale University]], which has suspension cables connected to a single concrete backbone and is nicknamed "the whale". His most famous work is the [[TWA Flight Center]] at [[John F. Kennedy International Airport]], which represents the culmination of his previous designs and his genius for expressing the ultimate purpose of each building, what he called the "style for the job".<ref name = ShapingtheFuture2>{{cite book | author = Coir, Mark |date = 2006 |editor= Pelkonen, Eeva-Liisa |editor2=Albrecht, Donald | title = Eero Saarinen: Shaping the Future2 | chapter = The Cranbrook Factor | location = New Haven, CT | publisher = Yale University Press | isbn = 978-0972488129 | url = https://books.google.com/books?isbn=097248812X | access-date = March 21, 2017}}</ref>{{page needed|date=December 2016}} In 2019, the terminal was transformed into the [[TWA Hotel]] and features furniture designed by Saarinen.<ref>{{cite web | title=The TWA Hotel Takes Flight at J.F.K. | website=The New York Times | date=May 15, 2019 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/15/travel/the-twa-hotel-takes-flight-at-jfk.html | access-date=May 18, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=The TWA Hotel opens at JFK | website=nydailynews.com | date=May 16, 2019 | url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nydn-twa-hotel-opens-at-jfk-20190515-photogallery.html | access-date=May 18, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=What's Old Is New Again: TWA Hotel Opens At JFK Airport | publisher=[[CBS New York]] | date=May 15, 2019 | url=https://newyork.cbslocal.com/2019/05/15/twa-hotel-jfk-airport/ | access-date=May 18, 2019}}</ref>

Saarinen designed the [[Kleinhans Music Hall]] in [[Buffalo, New York]], together with his father, Eliel Saarinen. He also designed the former [[Embassy of the United States, London|Embassy of the United States in London]], which opened in 1960, and the former [[Embassy of the United States, Oslo|Embassy of the United States in Oslo]].

Saarinen worked with his father, mother, and sister designing elements of the Cranbrook campus in [[Bloomfield Hills, Michigan]], including the Cranbrook School, Kingswood School, the Cranbrook Art Academy, and the Cranbrook Science Institute. Eero Saarinen's leaded-glass designs are a prominent feature of these buildings throughout the campus.

==Non-architectural activities==
[[File:Saarinen Tulpanstolen.jpg|thumb|upright=1|Saarinen's [[Tulip Chair|tulip chair]] and seat cushion designed in 1956, now housed in the [[Brooklyn Museum]]]]
[[File:Eero Saarinen, Womb Chair, Model No. 70, Designed 1947-1948.jpg|thumb|upright=1|Womb Chair Model No. 70 designed 1947–1948, now in the Brooklyn Museum]]
[[File:Eero Saarinen, "Grasshopper" Highback Armchair, Designed ca. 1947.jpg|thumb|upright=1|"Grasshopper" Highback Armchair designed c. 1947, now in the Brooklyn Museum]]
Saarinen was recruited by [[Donal McLaughlin]], an architectural school friend from his Yale days, to join the military service in the [[Office of Strategic Services]] (OSS). Saarinen was assigned to draw illustrations for bomb disassembly manuals and to provide designs for the [[White House Situation Room|Situation Room]] in the White House.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Marefat, Mina | date = October 25, 2010 | title = Revealed: Eero Saarinen's Secret Wartime Role in the White House |journal = [[The Architectural Review]] | url=http://www.architectural-review.com/view/washinton-dc-usa-revealed-eero-saarinens-secret-wartime-role-in-the-white-house/8607195.article |access-date=December 28, 2016}}</ref> Saarinen worked full-time for the OSS until 1944.<ref name=ShapingtheFuture2/>{{rp|page=329}}

==Honors and awards==
Eero Saarinen was elected a [[FAIA|Fellow]] of the [[American Institute of Architects]] in 1952.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Lxj9Rjr2ekcC&q=Eero+Saarinen+elected+Fellow+American+Institute+of+Architects+in+1952&pg=PA96|title=On Railways Far Away|last=Middleton|first=William D.|date=2012|publisher=[[Indiana University Press]]|isbn=9780253005946|language=en|pages=96}}</ref> He was elected a member of the [[National Institute of Arts and Letters]] in 1954.<ref>{{cite news|title=Five Elected to Arts Institute|access-date=March 22, 2017|newspaper=New York Times|date=February 10, 1954|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1954/02/10/84104503.pdf|page=36}}</ref> In 1962, he was posthumously awarded a gold medal by the American Institute of Architects.<ref>{{cite web|last1=American Institute of Architects|title=Gold Medal-AIA|url=http://new.aia.org/awards/7046-gold-medal|website=AIA|access-date=March 22, 2017}}</ref>

In 1940, he received two first prizes together with [[Charles Eames]] in the furniture design competition of the [[Museum of Modern Art]] in New York City. In 1948, he won the first prize in the Jefferson National Monument competition. The Boston Arts festival in 1953 gave him their Grand Architectural Award. He received the First Honor award of the [[American Institute of Architects]] twice, in 1955 and 1956, and their gold medal in 1962.  In 1965 he took first prize in US Embassy competition in London.<ref name="BOOK">{{cite book |last1=Emanuel |first1=Muriel |date=2016 |title= Contemporary Architects |publisher=[[Springer Publishing|Springer]] |isbn=9781349041848 |page=695}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Saarinen became a [[naturalized citizen]] of the United States in 1940.<ref>{{cite web|title=The LOC.GOV Wise Guide : An Architecture of Plurality|url=https://www.loc.gov/wiseguide/may09/architecture.html|website=www.loc.gov}}</ref>

In 1939, Saarinen married the sculptor [[Lilian Swann Saarinen|Lilian Swann]]. They had two children, [[Eric Saarinen|Eric]] and Susan Saarinen. Their marriage ended in divorce in 1954. That same year, Saarinen married [[Aline Bernstein Louchheim]], an art critic at ''[[The New York Times]].'' Saarinen met Louchheim when she came to [[Detroit]] to interview him for his contributions to the recently completed [[General Motors Technical Center]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Love & Architecture |url=https://www.knoll.com/knollnewsdetail/Love-Letters-Aline-Eero-Saarinen |website=Knoll |access-date=February 26, 2021}}</ref> Saarinen and Louchheim had one son together, whom they named Eames after Saarinen's collaborator [[Charles Eames]].<ref>{{cite web |author1=Sean Flynn |publisher=The Newport Daily News |title=All in the family |url=http://www.newportri.com/newportdailynews/news/page_one/all-in-the-family/article_5e078855-0512-56ab-96a3-c6e5eb3a19c3.html|website=NewportRI.com &#124; News and information for Newport, Rhode Island|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Saarinen, Aline B. (Aline Bernstein), 1914-1972|url=http://socialarchive.iath.virginia.edu/ark:/99166/w6jw8gtb|website=socialarchive.iath.virginia.edu|language=en}}</ref> In addition to their respective contributions to architecture, design, and criticism, Eero and Aline Saarinen are remembered for their affectionate and detailed personal papers, held at the [[Archives of American Art]].

==Death==
Saarinen died on September 1, 1961, at the age of 51 while undergoing an operation in [[Ann Arbor, Michigan]] for a [[brain tumor]]. He was overseeing the completion of a new music building for the [[University of Michigan School of Music, Theatre & Dance]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The Eero Saarinen Masterpiece No One Sees: IBM Manufacturing and Training Facility in Rochester, Minnesota|url=http://untappedcities.com/2013/08/20/eero-saarinen-masterpiece-no-one-sees-ibm-manufacturing-training-facility-rochester-minnesota/|work=[[Untapped Cities]]|date=August 20, 2013}}</ref>

==Legacy==
By the 21st century, Saarinen was considered one of the masters of American 20th-century architecture.<ref name=ShapingtheFuture2/>{{page needed|date=December 2016}} During that time, his work was the subject of a major exhibition and several books. This is partly because [[Roche-Dinkeloo]], the successor to Saarinen's firm, donated its Saarinen archives to Yale University, but also because Saarinen's oeuvre can be said to fit in with present-day concerns about pluralism of styles. He was criticized in his own time—most vociferously by Yale's [[Vincent Scully]]—for having no identifiable style; one explanation for this is that Saarinen's vision was adapted to each individual client and project, which were never exactly the same.<ref name=ShapingtheFuture2/>{{page needed|date=December 2016}} Scully also criticized him for designing buildings that were "packages", with "no connection with human use . . . at once cruelly inhuman and trivial, as if they had been designed by the Joint Chiefs of Staff."<ref>{{cite book |last1=Scully |first1=Vincent |title=American Architecture and Urbanism |date=1988 |pages=196–200 |edition=New Revised}}</ref>

The papers of Aline and Eero Saarinen, from 1906 to 1977,<ref>{{cite web | author = AAA Staff | date = December 28, 2016 | title = Aline and Eero Saarinen papers, 1906-1977 |work = Archives of American Art (AAA) | url=https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/aline-and-eero-saarinen-papers-5589 | access-date=December 28, 2016 | location = Washington, DC | publisher = Smithsonian Institution}}</ref> were donated in 1973 to the [[Archives of American Art]], Smithsonian Institution (by Charles Alan, [[Aline B. Saarinen|Aline Saarinen]]'s brother and executor of her estate<ref>{{cite web|last1=Meehan|first1=Jennifer|title=A Finding Aid to the Aline and Eero Saarinen Papers, 1906-1977, in the Archives of American Art|url=https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/aline-and-eero-saarinen-papers-5589/more-information|website=Archives of American Art|publisher=Smithsonian Institution|access-date=January 15, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180116141735/https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/aline-and-eero-saarinen-papers-5589/more-information|archive-date=January 16, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>). In 2006, the bulk of these primary source documents on the couple were digitized and posted online on the Archives' website.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/aline-and-eero-saarinen-papers-5589|title=Aline and Eero Saarinen papers, 1906-1977|publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]]|access-date=November 7, 2017}}</ref>

The Eero Saarinen collection at the [[Canadian Centre for Architecture]] documents eight built projects, including the old [[Ellinikon International Airport|Athens airport]] in Greece, the former US Embassy Chanceries in [[Embassy of the United States, Oslo|Oslo, Norway]] and [[Embassy of the United States, London|London, England]], corporate projects for John Deere, CBS, and IBM, and the [[North Christian Church]] in Columbus, Indiana.<ref>{{cite web |title=Finding aid for the Eero Saarinen collection |url=https://www.cca.qc.ca/en/archives/422920/eero-saarinen-collection |website=[[Canadian Centre for Architecture]] |access-date=April 28, 2020}}</ref>

An exhibition of Saarinen's work, ''Eero Saarinen: Shaping the Future'', was organized by the Finnish Cultural Institute in New York in collaboration with [[Yale School of Architecture]], the [[National Building Museum]], and the [[Museum of Finnish Architecture]]. The exhibition toured in Europe and the United States from 2006 to 2010,<ref>{{cite web | author = Arkkitehtuurimuseo Staff | date = October 1, 2006 | title = Eero Saarinen: Shaping the Future | url = http://www.mfa.fi/eerosaarineneng | language = en | work = MFA.fi | location = Helsinki, FIN | publisher = Arkkitehtuurimuseo [Museum of Finnish Architecture] | access-date = December 28, 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070513151053/http://www.mfa.fi/eerosaarineneng | archive-date = May 13, 2007 | url-status = dead }}</ref> including a stint at the National Building Museum in Washington, DC.<ref>{{cite web | author = NBM Staff | date = May 3, 2008 | title = Eero Saarinen: Shaping the Future | work = NBM.org | location = Washington, DC | publisher = National Building Museum (NBM) | url = http://www.nbm.org/exhibitions-collections/exhibitions/eero-saarinen-shaping-the-fut.html | access-date = December 28, 2016 | url-status=dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161228124756/http://www.nbm.org/exhibitions-collections/exhibitions/eero-saarinen-shaping-the-fut.html | archive-date = December 28, 2016 | df = mdy-all }}</ref> The exhibition was accompanied by the book ''Eero Saarinen: Shaping the Future''.<ref name=ShapingtheFuture1>{{cite book |editor= Pelkonen, Eeva-Liisa |editor2=Albrecht, Donald | date = 2006 | title = Eero Saarinen: Shaping the Future | location = New Haven, CT | publisher = Yale University Press | isbn = 978-0972488129 | url = https://archive.org/details/eerosaarinenshap0000saar | url-access = registration | access-date = December 28, 2016}}</ref>

In 2016, ''Eero Saarinen: The Architect Who Saw the Future'', a film about Saarinen co-produced by his son [[Eric Saarinen]], premiered on the ''[[American Masters]]'' series on [[PBS]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/eero-saarinen-film/7507/|title=Eero Saarinen: The Architect Who Saw the Future ~ About the Film &#124; American Masters &#124; PBS|first=Kait|last=Hoehne|date=September 13, 2016|website=American Masters}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of works by Eero Saarinen]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
* {{cite book | author = Saarinen, Eero | editor = Saarinen, Aline B. | title = Eero Saarinen on His Work: A Selection of Buildings Dating from 1947 to 1964 with Statements by the Architect |publisher=Yale University Press | location = New Haven | year = 1962 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=y7xXDQEACAAJ | access-date = December 28, 2016}}
* {{cite AV media | author = A&E | year = 1997 | title = America's Castles: Newspaper Moguls | format = television series episode | location = New York | publisher = A&E Network | asin = B000FKP26M | url = https://productionbeast.com/projects/101151-america-s-castles-newspaper-moguls | access-date = December 28, 2016 | url-status=dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161228200941/https://productionbeast.com/projects/101151-america-s-castles-newspaper-moguls | archive-date = December 28, 2016 | df = mdy-all }} Episode featuring the Cranbrook House and Gardens.
* {{cite book |last=Roman |first=Antonio |title=Eero Saarinen: an architecture of multiplicity |publisher=[[Princeton Architectural Press]] |location=New York |year=2003 |isbn=978-1-56898-340-0}}
* {{cite journal | author = Risen, Clay |date=November 7, 2004 |title=Saarinen rising: A Much-Maligned Modernist Finally Gets His Due | website = Boston.com |url=http://www.boston.com/news/globe/ideas/articles/2004/11/07/saarinen_rising?pg=full |access-date=December 28, 2016}}
* {{cite book | last = Merkel | first = Jayne | title = Eero Saarinen | publisher=[[Phaidon Press]] |location=London | year = 2005 | isbn = 978-0-7148-4277-6}}
* {{cite book | last = Pelkonen | first = Eeva-Liisa | title = Eero Saarinen | publisher = Yale University Press | location = New Haven | year = 2006 | isbn = 978-0-300-11282-5 | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/eerosaarinenshap0000saar }}
* {{cite book | last = Serraino | first = Pierluigi | title = Saarinen, 1910–1961: a Structural Expressionist | publisher =[[Taschen]]| location = Köln | year = 2006 | isbn = 978-3-8228-3645-3}}
* {{cite book | last = Knight| first = Richard | title = Saarinen's Quest, A Memoir | publisher = [[William Stout Publishers]]| location = San Francisco | year = 2008 | isbn = 978-0-9746214-4-9}}
* {{cite book | last=Santala | first=Susanna | title=Laboratory for a New Architecture: Airport Terminal, Eero Saarinen and the Historiography of Modern Architecture | location=Helsinki | publisher=[[University of Helsinki]] | year=2015 | isbn=978-951-51-0993-4 | url=http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:ISBN%20978-951-51-0994-1 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20150507110445/http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:ISBN%20978-951-51-0994-1 | url-status=dead | archive-date=May 7, 2015 | type=Ph.D. thesis }}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Cite journal| author = EMFURN Staff | date = November 15, 2014 | title = Your Guide to Vintage Danish Mid Century Modern Furniture & Designers |website=EMFURN.com |format=commercial sales blog | url=https://emfurn.com/blogs/elite-modern-furniture-blog/15798177-your-guide-to-vintage-danish-mid-century-modern-furniture-designers | access-date=December 28, 2016}} Commercial furniture sales blog mentioning the Womb chair.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170105083217/http://www.kansallisbiografia.fi/english/?id=7879 Saarinen, Eero (1910–1961).] Kansallisbiografia. {{in lang|en}}
* [http://findingaids.cul.columbia.edu/ead/nnc-a/ldpd_6136153/ Trans World Airlines Unit Terminal Building, New York International Airport, architectural drawings, 1958-1961] Held by the Department of Drawings & Archives, [[Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library]], [[Columbia University]].
* {{cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,1952732,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604071203/http://www.time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,1952732,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 4, 2011|title=Lines of Authority|access-date=December 28, 2016|via=www.time.com}}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.music.umich.edu/about/facilities/north_campus/som/som.htm |title=UM School of Music, Theatre & Dance – About Us – Facilities |work=umich.edu |access-date=December 28, 2016 |archive-date=July 1, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170701133451/http://www.music.umich.edu/about/facilities/north_campus/som/som.htm |url-status=dead }} Earl V. Moore Building by Eero Saarinen.
* {{cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/krb/|title=Prints & Photographs Online Catalog|work=loc.gov|access-date=December 28, 2016}} Balthazar Korab Collection at the Library of Congress.
* {{cite web|url=http://replica.palni.edu/cdm/search/collection/copcampus|title=Saarinen's Village|work=palni.edu|access-date=December 28, 2016}} The Concordia Campus Through Time.
*[http://findit.library.yale.edu/?f%5Bcall_number_sim%5D%5B%5D=MS+593&f%5Bdigital_collection_sim%5D%5B%5D=Manuscripts+and+Archives+Digital+Library Digital Collections: Eero Saarinen Collection].Yale University Library. Containing images and drawings from Saarinen's archives.
*[https://archives.yale.edu/repositories/12/resources/4418 Eero Saarinen Collection (MS 593)]. Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University Library.
* {{cite web|url=http://www.tulip-chair.org|title=tulip-chair.org|access-date=December 28, 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218094017/http://tulip-chair.org/|archive-date=December 18, 2014}} Saarinen Tulip Chair.
* {{cite web|url=http://www.eerosaarinen.net/|title=Eero Saarinen: Shaping The Future|author=Barbano, Michael|work=eerosaarinen.net|access-date=December 28, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071224074045/http://eerosaarinen.net/|archive-date=December 24, 2007|url-status=dead}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071221203840/http://www.braingainmarketing.com/media/saarinen/ Eero Saarinen Exhibitions at Cranbrook Art Museum.] 
* {{cite web|url=http://www.nbm.org/about-us/publications/blueprints/shaping-community.html|title=Eero Saarinen: Shaping Community|work=nbm.org|access-date=December 28, 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811200300/http://www.nbm.org/about-us/publications/blueprints/shaping-community.html|archive-date=August 11, 2016}} Blueprints, Winter 2007–08.
*Eero Saarinen's church, bank, and Miller House in [https://columbus.in.us/eero-saarinen/ Columbus, Indiana]
* [https://www.cca.qc.ca/en/archives/422920/eero-saarinen-collection Finding aid for the Eero Saarinen collection], [[Canadian Centre for Architecture]] ([https://www.cca.qc.ca/en/search?digigroup=422920 digitized items])
* {{BLF|7879|Eero Saarinen}}

{{Detroit architects}}
{{Authority control (arts)}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saarinen, Eero}}
[[Category:Eero Saarinen]]
[[Category:20th-century American architects]]
[[Category:20th-century Finnish architects]]
[[Category:1910 births]]
[[Category:1961 deaths]]
[[Category:Alumni of the Académie de la Grande Chaumière]]
[[Category:American ecclesiastical architects]]
[[Category:American furniture designers]]
[[Category:Cranbrook Academy of Art faculty]]
[[Category:Deaths from brain cancer in the United States]]
[[Category:Finnish furniture designers]]
[[Category:Finnish industrial designers]]
[[Category:Fellows of the American Institute of Architects]]
[[Category:Finnish emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:Mid-century modern]]
[[Category:Modernist architects from the United States]]
[[Category:Naturalized citizens of the United States]]
[[Category:People from Kirkkonummi]]
[[Category:People from Uusimaa Province (Grand Duchy of Finland)]]
[[Category:Recipients of the AIA Gold Medal]]
[[Category:Yale School of Architecture alumni]]
[[Category:Saarinen family]]