Open main menu
Home
Random
Recent changes
Special pages
Community portal
Preferences
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Incubator escapee wiki
Search
User menu
Talk
Dark mode
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Editing
Eindhoven
Warning:
You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you
log in
or
create an account
, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.
Anti-spam check. Do
not
fill this in!
{{short description|City and municipality in North Brabant, Netherlands}} {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}} {{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --> <!-- Name and transliteration -->| name = Eindhoven | settlement_type = [[List of cities in the Netherlands by province|City]] and [[List of municipalities of the Netherlands|municipality]] <!-- Images, nickname, motto -->| image_skyline = {{multiple image | total_width = 275 | border = infobox | perrow = 1/2/3/2/1 | caption_align = center | image1 = Hoogbouw Eindhoven overzicht.jpg | alt1 = Skyline of Eindhoven | caption1 = Skyline of Eindhoven | image2 = Lichttoren Eindhoven 1 - Cropped.jpg | alt2 = Light Tower | caption2 = Light Tower | image3 = Overzicht - Eindhoven - 20396787 - RCE - Cropped.jpg | alt3 = Evoluon conference centre | caption3 = [[Evoluon]] conference centre | image4 = Steentjeskerk Eindhoven.jpg | alt4 = St. Anthony Church | caption4 = St. Anthony Church | image5 = Binnenstad,_5611_Eindhoven,_Netherlands_-_panoramio_(2).jpg | alt5 = St. Catherine Church | caption5 = St. Catherine Church | image6 = Vestedatoren, Vestdijk, Eindhoven 4x3.jpg | alt6 = Vesteda Tower | caption6 = [[Vesteda Toren|Vesteda Tower]] | image7 = Zicht op de rechter zijgevel van de nieuwbouw, restaurant op de voorgrond links - Eindhoven - 20536864 - RCE.jpg | alt7 = Van Abbe Museum | caption7 = [[Van Abbemuseum|Van Abbe Museum]] | image8 = Philips Stadion (5020111085).jpg | alt8 = Philips Stadium of PSV Eindhoven | caption8 = [[Philips Stadion|Philips Stadium]] of [[PSV Eindhoven]] | image9 = 1302 Eindhoven - HTC 044.jpg | alt9 = High Tech Campus Eindhoven | caption9 = [[High Tech Campus Eindhoven]] }} | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_flag = [[File:Flag of Eindhoven.svg|100px|border|Municipal flag]] [[File:Eindhoven gemeentelijke standaard.svg|100px|border|Municipal standard]] | flag_size = 100x67px | flag_alt = | image_shield = Eindhoven wapen.svg | shield_size = 100x80px | shield_alt = <!-- Maps, coordinates --> | image_map = NL - locator map municipality code GM0772 (2016).png | map_alt = Highlighted position of Eindhoven in a municipal map of North Brabant | image_map1 = {{Infobox mapframe|id=Q9832}} | map_caption1 = Interactive map outlining Eindhoven | map_caption = Location in North Brabant | pushpin_map = Netherlands#Europe | pushpin_map_caption = Location within the Netherlands##Location within Europe | pushpin_relief = 1 | coordinates = {{coord|51|26|N|5|29|E|region:NL|display=inline,title}} | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|Netherlands}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of the Netherlands|Province]] | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|North Brabant}} | government_footnotes = <ref name="mayor_now">{{cite web |title=Jeroen Dijsselbloem |url=https://www.eindhoven.nl/jeroen-dijsselbloem |publisher=Gemeente Eindhoven |access-date=16 September 2022 |language=nl}}</ref> | governing_body = [[Municipal council (Netherlands)|Municipal council]] | leader_party = [[Labour Party (Netherlands)|PvdA]] | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = [[Jeroen Dijsselbloem]] <!-- Geographic information -->| total_type = Municipality | unit_pref = Metric <!-- ALL fields with measurements have automatic unit conversion --> <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->| area_footnotes = <ref>{{Dutch municipality total area|dataref}}</ref> <!-- square km -->| area_total_km2 = {{Dutch municipality total area|Eindhoven}} | area_land_km2 = {{Dutch municipality land area|Eindhoven}} | area_water_km2 = {{Dutch municipality water area|Eindhoven}} | elevation_footnotes = <ref name="AHN">{{cite web |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Postcodetool for 5611EM |url=http://www.ahn.nl/postcodetool |work=Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland |publisher=Het Waterschapshuis |access-date=15 April 2014 |language=nl |archive-date=21 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921053543/http://www.ahn.nl/postcodetool |url-status=dead }}</ref> | elevation_m = 17 | elevation_max_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> | elevation_max_m = | elevation_min_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> | elevation_min_m = <!-- Population, demographics --> | population_footnotes = <ref>{{Dutch municipality population|dataref}}</ref><ref>{{Dutch municipality population urbanmetro|dataref}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Bevolkingsontwikkeling; regio per maand |trans-title=Population growth; regions per month |url=http://statline.cbs.nl/Statweb/publication/?VW=T&DM=SLNL&PA=37230NED&D1=17-18&D2=130,145,155,161,191,201,226,230,245-246,291,297,334,426,431,468,515-516,553,558,576&D3=l&HD=151024-1019&LA=EN&HDR=T&STB=G1,G2 |work=CBS Statline; Metro region |publisher=[[Statistics Netherlands|CBS]] |date=31 August 2015 |access-date=13 October 2015 |language=nl}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://statline.cbs.nl/Statweb/publication/?VW=T&DM=SLNL&PA=37230NED&D1=17-18&D2=148,153,155,177-178,210,230,237,242,245,250,254,270,275,297,301,303,334,364,426,432,442,448,482,486,496,504-505,516,538,544,553,557-558,575-577&D3=l&HD=151024-1011&LA=EN&HDR=T&STB=G1,G2 |title=Bevolkingsontwikkeling; regio per maand |trans-title=Population growth; regions per month |language=nl |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=31 August 2015 |work=CBS Statline; CMSA |publisher=[[Statistics Netherlands|CBS]] |access-date=13 October 2015}}</ref> | population_total = {{Dutch municipality population|Eindhoven}} | population_as_of = Municipality, {{MONTHNAME|{{Dutch municipality population|popbasemonth}}}} {{YEAR|{{Dutch municipality population|popbaseyear}}}}; Urban and Metro, {{MONTHNAME|{{Dutch municipality population urbanmetro|popbasemonth}}}} {{YEAR|{{Dutch municipality population urbanmetro|popbaseyear}}}}; Metro region and CMSA, August 2015 | population_density_km2 = {{Dutch municipality population density|Eindhoven}} <!-- For automatic calculation: auto--> | population_urban = {{Dutch municipality population urbanmetro|Eindhoven Urban}} | population_metro = {{Dutch municipality population urbanmetro|Eindhoven Metro}} | population_blank2_title = [[Brabant metropolitan area|<abbr style="border-bottom: none;" title="Combined Metropolitan Statistical Area of North Brabant">CMSA</abbr>]] | population_blank2 = 1944588 | population_demonym = Eindhovenaar <!-- Other information -->| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +2 | postal_code_type = [[Postal codes in the Netherlands|Postcodes]] | postal_code = 5600–5658 | area_code_type = [[Telephone numbers in the Netherlands|Area code]] | area_code = 040 | website = {{URL|1=http://www.eindhoven.nl}} | footnotes = | image_blank_emblem = Eindhoven 2013.svg | blank_emblem_type = [[Brandmark]] | blank_emblem_size = 120px }} '''Eindhoven''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|aɪ|n|t|h|oʊ|v|ən}} {{respell|EYENT|hoh|vən}};<ref>{{Cite Collins Dictionary|Eindhoven}}</ref> {{IPA|nl|ˈɛintˌɦoːvə(n)|lang|189 Eindhoven.ogg}}) is a [[city]] and [[List of municipalities of the Netherlands|municipality]] of the [[Netherlands]], located in the southern [[Provinces of the Netherlands|province]] of [[North Brabant]], of which it is the largest municipality, and is also located in the Dutch part of the [[natural region]] the [[Campine]]. With a population of 246,443 (1 January 2024) on a territory of 88.92 km<sup>2</sup>,<ref name=AlleCijfers>[https://allecijfers.nl/gemeente/eindhoven/ Statistieken gemeente Eindhoven], AlleCijfers.nl</ref> it is the [[List of cities in the Netherlands by province|fifth-largest city]] of the Netherlands and the largest outside the [[Randstad]] conurbation. Eindhoven was originally located at the [[confluence]] of the [[Dommel]] and the [[Gender (stream)|Gender]].<ref>{{citation |last=Schippers |first=Hans |contribution=Stadsrechten en een stadswapen, 1232: het vroege Eindhoven |title=De canon van Eindhoven |editor-last=Lintsen |editor-first=Harry |location='s-Hertogenbosch |publisher=Heijnen |pages=29–34 |year=2009 |language=nl |isbn=9789086801275 |display-editors=etal}}</ref><ref>The Gender was dammed short of the city centre in the 1950s, but the Dommel still runs through the city.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://eindhoven.buurtmonitor.nl/quickstep/QsReportAdvanced.aspx?report=fact_2_01 |title=Bevolking 2015 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20151113141028/http://eindhoven.buurtmonitor.nl/quickstep/QsReportAdvanced.aspx?report=fact_2_01 |archive-date=13 November 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A municipality since the 13th century, Eindhoven witnessed rapid growth starting in the 1900s by textile and tobacco industries. Two well-known companies, [[DAF Trucks]] and [[Philips]], were founded in the city; Philips would go on to become a major multinational conglomerate while based in Eindhoven.<ref>{{cite book |last=Koopmans |first=Joop W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GU-xCgAAQBAJ |title=Historical Dictionary of the Netherlands |date=5 November 2015 |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |isbn=978-1-4422-5593-7}}</ref> Apart from Philips, Eindhoven also contains the globally famous [[Design Academy Eindhoven]].<ref>{{cite web |date=30 October 2017 |title=10 designers to watch from Design Academy Eindhoven class of 2017 |url=https://www.dezeen.com/2017/10/30/10-best-graduates-design-academy-eindhoven-class-2017-dutch-design-week/ |access-date=15 September 2022 |website=Dezeen}}</ref> Neighbouring cities and towns include [[Son en Breugel]], [[Nuenen, Gerwen en Nederwetten|Nuenen]], [[Geldrop-Mierlo]], [[Helmond]], [[Heeze-Leende]], [[Waalre]], [[Veldhoven]], [[Eersel]], [[Oirschot]] and [[Best, Netherlands|Best]]. The agglomeration has a population of {{formatnum:{{Dutch municipality population urbanmetro|Eindhoven Urban}}}}. The metropolitan area consists of {{formatnum:{{Dutch municipality population urbanmetro|Eindhoven Metro}}}} inhabitants. The [[city region]] has a population of 753,426. The [[Brabantse Stedenrij]] combined [[metropolitan area]] has about two million inhabitants. == Etymology == The name may derive<ref>{{cite web |date=6 February 2014 |title=A brief history of Eindhoven |url=https://eindhovennews.com/news/2014/02/a-brief-history-of-eindhoven/ |access-date=15 November 2023 |website=Eindhoven News |language=en-GB}}</ref> from the contraction of the regional words ''eind'' (meaning "last" or "end") and ''hove'' (or ''hoeve'', a section of some 14 [[hectares]] of land). [[Toponomy|Toponymically]], ''eind'' occurs commonly as a prefix and postfix in local place- and street names. A "hove" comprised a parcel of land which a local lord might [[Leasehold|lease]] to private persons (such as [[farmer]]s). Given that a string of such parcels existed around [[Woensel]], the name ''Eindhoven'' may have originated with the meaning literally "last [[hoof|hoves]] on the land of Woensel" in [[Dutch language]]. Another explanation{{citation needed|date=October 2023}} is that "Eind" is derived from "Gender", the city is located at the end of this little river. Genderhoven phonetically would have changed to Endehoven. 'Ende' is also the old spelling and pronunciation of the word 'eind', which would explain the change from 'Gender' to 'Eind'. ==History== {{For timeline}} === 13th–15th centuries === The [[Recorded history|written history]] of Eindhoven started in 1232, when Duke [[Henry I, Duke of Brabant|Hendrik I of Brabant]] granted [[City rights in the Low Countries|city rights]] to ''Eindhoven'', then a small town right on the confluence of the Dommel and Gender streams. At the time of granting of its [[Municipal charter|charter]], Eindhoven had approximately 170 houses enclosed by a [[Defensive wall|rampart]]. Just outside the city walls stood a small castle. The city was also granted the right to organize a weekly market and the farmers in nearby villages were obliged to come to Eindhoven to sell their produce. Another factor in its establishment was its location on the [[trade route]] from Holland to [[Liège]]. Around 1388, the city's fortifications were strengthened further. And between 1413 and 1420, a new castle was built within the city walls. In 1486, Eindhoven was plundered and burned by troops from [[Guelders]]. === 16th–18th centuries === [[File:Comparing maps of Eindhoven.gif|thumb|Comparison of the map of Eindhoven from c. 1550 with the 2024 map]] [[File:Eindhoven Hogenberg.jpg|thumb|The [[Siege of Eindhoven (1583)|capture of Eindhoven]] in 1583, by [[Frans Hogenberg]]]] The reconstruction of Eindhoven was finished in 1502, with a stronger rampart and a new castle. However, in 1543 it fell again, its defense works having been neglected due to poverty. A big fire in 1554 destroyed 75% of the houses but by 1560 these had been rebuilt with the help of [[William the Silent|William I of Orange]]. During the [[Dutch Revolt]], Eindhoven changed hands between the Dutch and the Spanish several times during which it was burned down by renegade Spanish soldiers, until [[Siege of Eindhoven (1583)|finally in 1583 it was captured once more by Spanish troops]] and its city walls were demolished. Eindhoven did not become part of the Netherlands until 1629. During the French occupation, Eindhoven suffered again with many of its houses destroyed by the invading forces. Eindhoven remained a minor city after that until the start of the [[Industrial Revolution]]. === 19th century === The [[Industrial Revolution]] of the 19th century provided a major growth impulse. Canals, roads and railroads were constructed. Eindhoven was connected to the major [[Zuid-Willemsvaart]] canal through the [[Eindhovens Kanaal]] branch in 1843 and was connected by rail to [[Tilburg]], [['s-Hertogenbosch]], [[Venlo]] and [[Belgium]] between 1866 and 1870. Industrial activities initially centred around tobacco and textiles and boomed with the rise of [[lighting]] and [[electronics]] giant [[Philips]], which was founded as a [[Incandescent light bulb|light bulb]] manufacturing company in Eindhoven in 1891. Industrialisation brought population growth to Eindhoven. On the establishment of the [[Kingdom of the Netherlands]] in 1815, Eindhoven had 2,310 inhabitants. === 20th century === By 1920, the population was 47,946; by 1925 it was 63,870 and in 1935 that had ballooned to 103,030.<ref name="GrowthOfEndhoven">{{cite web |url=http://www.eindhoven.nl/stad/historie-1/Groei-van-Eindhoven-1.htm |title=Eindhoven – Groei van Eindhoven (inwoners) |website=Eindhoven.nl |date=30 April 2016 |access-date=5 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170306133502/https://www.eindhoven.nl/stad/historie-1/Groei-van-Eindhoven-1.htm |archive-date=6 March 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The explosive growth of industry in the region and the subsequent housing needs of workers called for radical changes in administration, as the City of Eindhoven was still confined to its [[Middle Ages|medieval]] [[moat]] city limits. In 1920, the five neighbouring municipalities of [[Woensel]] (to the north), [[Tongelre]] (northeast and east), [[Stratum, Netherlands|Stratum]] (southeast), [[Gestel en Blaarthem]] (southwest) and [[Strijp]] (west), which already bore the brunt of the housing needs and related problems, were incorporated into the new Groot-Eindhoven ("Greater Eindhoven") municipality. The prefix "Groot-" was later dropped. [[File:Openluchtvergadering NSB - Fotodienst der NSB - NIOD - 78459.jpeg|thumb|The [[National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands]], Eindhoven in April 1941]] After the incorporation of 1920, the five former municipalities became districts of the Municipality of Eindhoven, with Eindhoven-Centrum (the City proper) forming the sixth. Since then, an additional seventh district has been formed by dividing the largest district, that of Woensel, into Woensel-Zuid and Woensel-Noord. The early 20th century saw additions in technical industry with the advent of [[Automobile|car]] and truck manufacturing company Van Doorne's Aanhangwagenfabriek (Trailer factory) (DAF) which was later renamed to [[DAF Trucks|Van Doorne's Automobiel Fabriek]] and the subsequent shift towards electronics and engineering, with the traditional tobacco and textile industries waning and finally disappearing in the 1970s. [[File:Cheering crowds line the streets as Cromwell tanks of 2nd Welsh Guards enter Eindhoven in Holland, 19 September 1944. BU945.jpg|thumb|left|People of Eindhoven (during [[World War II]]) watching [[Allies of World War II|Allied forces]] entering the city following its liberation from [[Axis powers|Axis forces]] on 19 September 1944.]] [[File:Eindhoven, straatzicht 18 Septemberplein-Vestdijk-Stationsplein foto3 2014-05-04 10.35.jpg|Eindhoven, view to a street: [[18 September Square]]-Vestdijk-Stationsplein|thumb|right]] A first [[airstrike|air raid]] in [[World War II]] was flown by the [[Royal Air Force|RAF]] on 6 December 1942 targeting the [[Philips]] factory downtown, in which 148 civilians died, even though the attack was carried out on a Sunday.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.raf.mod.uk/bombercommand/dec42.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=6 July 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20070706011932/http://www.raf.mod.uk/bombercommand/dec42.html |archive-date=6 July 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ww2today.com/6th-december-1942-low-level-daylight-attack-on-the-philips-plant-holland|title=Low level daylight attack on the Philips plant, Holland |publisher=WWII Today |date=6 December 2012}}</ref> Large-scale air raids, including the bombing by the Luftwaffe on 19 September 1944 during [[Operation Market Garden]], destroyed large parts of the city and killed 227 civilians while leaving 800 wounded. The reconstruction that followed left very little historical remains and the postwar reconstruction period saw drastic renovation plans in [[High-rise|highrise]] style, some of which were implemented. At the time, there was little regard for historical [[Cultural heritage|heritage]]. During the 1960s, a new [[City and town halls|city hall]] was built and its Neo-gothic predecessor (1867) demolished to make way for a planned [[arterial road]] that never materialised. The 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s saw large-scale [[housing developments]] in the districts of Woensel-Zuid and Woensel-Noord, making Eindhoven the fifth-largest city in the Netherlands. === 21st century === At the start of the 21st century, a whole new [[Subdivision (land)|housing development]] called [[Meerhoven]] was constructed at the site of the old airport of Welschap, west of Eindhoven. The airport itself, now called [[Eindhoven Airport]], had moved earlier to a new location, paving the way for much-needed new houses. Meerhoven is part of the Strijp district and is partially built on lands annexed from the municipality of [[Veldhoven]]. ==Geography== {{See also|Subdivision of Eindhoven into districts, quarters and neighborhoods}} [[File:Gem-Eindhoven-OpenTopo.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|Topographic map of Eindhoven (city), 2022]] The villages and city that make up modern Eindhoven were originally built on sandy elevations between the Dommel, Gender and [[Tongelreep (river)|Tongelreep]] rivers. Beginning in the 19th century, the [[sedimentary basin|basins]] of the rivers themselves have also been used as housing land, resulting in occasional flooding in the city centre. Partly to reduce flooding, the bed of the Gender stream, which flowed directly through the city centre, was dammed off and filled up after the War,{{which|date=November 2020}} and the course of the Dommel was regulated. New ecological and socio-historical insights have led to parts of the Dommel's course being restored to their original states, and plans to have the Gender flow through the centre once again.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cognito.nl/stadsdeelkantoren/centrum/item.asp?newsid=2238 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070828184931/http://www.cognito.nl/stadsdeelkantoren/centrum/item.asp?newsid=2238 |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 August 2007 |title=Map and De Nieuwe Gender |language=nl|access-date=5 March 2017}}</ref> The large-scale housing developments of the 20th century saw residential areas being built on former [[agriculture|agricultural lands]] and [[forest|woods]], former [[heath (habitat)|heaths]] that had been turned into cultivable lands in the 19th century. The city is currently divided into seven districts: {| | * 1. Centrum * 2. [[Woensel]]-Noord * 3. Woensel-Zuid * 4. [[Tongelre]] | * 5. [[Stratum, Netherlands|Stratum]] * 6. [[Gestel, Netherlands|Gestel]] * 7. [[Strijp]] |} ===Climate=== Eindhoven has an [[oceanic climate]] with slightly warmer summers and colder winters than the coastal parts of the Netherlands. Its all-time record is {{convert|40.3|C|abbr=}} set on 25 July 2019 and {{convert|-21.7|°C}} set on 13 January 1968, while winter lows have dipped below {{convert|-15|C|F}} during extreme cold snaps. Although frosts are frequent in winter, there is no lasting snow cover in a normal winter due to the mild daytime temperatures. {{Weather box |location = Eindhoven (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1951−present) |metric first = Yes |single line = Yes |Jan record high C = 16.9 |Feb record high C = 19.9 |Mar record high C = 25.3 |Apr record high C = 29.1 |May record high C = 33.4 |Jun record high C = 35.1 |Jul record high C = 40.4 |Aug record high C = 36.6 |Sep record high C = 34.0 |Oct record high C = 27.0 |Nov record high C = 20.6 |Dec record high C = 16.4 |year record high C = 40.4 |Jan high C = 6.1 |Feb high C = 7.2 |Mar high C = 11.0 |Apr high C = 15.5 |May high C = 19.2 |Jun high C = 22.0 |Jul high C = 24.0 |Aug high C = 23.7 |Sep high C = 20.1 |Oct high C = 15.2 |Nov high C = 10.0 |Dec high C = 6.6 |year high C = 15.0 |Jan mean C = 3.4 |Feb mean C = 3.8 |Mar mean C = 6.6 |Apr mean C = 10.1 |May mean C = 13.9 |Jun mean C = 16.7 |Jul mean C = 18.6 |Aug mean C = 18.2 |Sep mean C = 14.9 |Oct mean C = 11.0 |Nov mean C = 6.9 |Dec mean C = 4.1 |year mean C = 10.7 |Jan low C = 0.4 |Feb low C = 0.3 |Mar low C = 2.1 |Apr low C = 4.3 |May low C = 7.9 |Jun low C = 10.8 |Jul low C = 12.9 |Aug low C = 12.4 |Sep low C = 9.7 |Oct low C = 6.8 |Nov low C = 3.5 |Dec low C = 1.2 |year low C = 6.0 |Jan record low C = -21.7 |Feb record low C = -21.6 |Mar record low C = -14.7 |Apr record low C = -5.9 |May record low C = -2.6 |Jun record low C = 0.3 |Jul record low C = 2.9 |Aug record low C = 3.6 |Sep record low C = -0.9 |Oct record low C = -6.4 |Nov record low C = -9.6 |Dec record low C = -17.4 |year record low C = -21.7 |Jan humidity = 86.8 |Feb humidity = 83.9 |Mar humidity = 78.4 |Apr humidity = 71.9 |May humidity = 71.8 |Jun humidity = 73.2 |Jul humidity = 74.4 |Aug humidity = 76.7 |Sep humidity = 81.4 |Oct humidity = 85.2 |Nov humidity = 89.1 |Dec humidity = 89.1 |year humidity = 80.2 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 65.2 |Feb precipitation mm = 60.4 |Mar precipitation mm = 52.0 |Apr precipitation mm = 41.0 |May precipitation mm = 56.2 |Jun precipitation mm = 62.6 |Jul precipitation mm = 75.7 |Aug precipitation mm = 73.2 |Sep precipitation mm = 58.9 |Oct precipitation mm = 61.2 |Nov precipitation mm = 67.7 |Dec precipitation mm = 75.4 |year precipitation mm = 749.5 |unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm |Jan precipitation days = 16 |Feb precipitation days = 14 |Mar precipitation days = 16 |Apr precipitation days = 13 |May precipitation days = 13 |Jun precipitation days = 14 |Jul precipitation days = 14 |Aug precipitation days = 13 |Sep precipitation days = 14 |Oct precipitation days = 15 |Nov precipitation days = 17 |Dec precipitation days = 17 |year precipitation days = 176 |unit snow days = 0.1 cm |Jan snow days = 6 |Feb snow days = 6 |Mar snow days = 4 |Apr snow days = 1 |May snow days = 0 |Jun snow days = – |Jul snow days = – |Aug snow days = – |Sep snow days = – |Oct snow days = 0 |Nov snow days = 2 |Dec snow days = 5 |year snow days = 24 |Jan sun = 69.0 |Feb sun = 87.9 |Mar sun = 139.8 |Apr sun = 186.4 |May sun = 214.4 |Jun sun = 209.0 |Jul sun = 213.2 |Aug sun = 199.1 |Sep sun = 161.0 |Oct sun = 122.4 |Nov sun = 73.4 |Dec sun = 56.5 |year sun = 1732.1 |Jan percentsun = 26.4 |Feb percentsun = 31.1 |Mar percentsun = 37.8 |Apr percentsun = 44.9 |May percentsun = 44.4 |Jun percentsun = 42.1 |Jul percentsun = 42.7 |Aug percentsun = 43.9 |Sep percentsun = 42.3 |Oct percentsun = 36.9 |Nov percentsun = 27.3 |Dec percentsun = 23.0 |year percentsun =36.9 |source 1 = [[Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute]]<ref>{{cite web | url = https://weerstatistieken.nl/eindhoven | title = Weerstatistieken Eindhoven | publisher = [[Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute]] | access-date = July 5, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.knmi.nl/klimaat-viewer/grafieken-tabellen/meteorologische-stations/stations-maand/stations-maand_1991-2020 |title=Klimaatviewer 1991-2020 | publisher = [[Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute]] | access-date = July 5, 2022}}</ref>}} ==Demographics== [[File:BoerenleenbankEindhoven Rijksmonument518714.JPG|thumb|right|The (now monumental) former building of the Boerenleenbank in the Raiffeisenstraat (in the Centrum).]] ===Population=== {{as of|2024}}, the population of Eindhoven consisted of 246,443 people (according to AlleCijfers.nl).<ref name=AlleCijfers/> Of these, 43% or some 104,804 people were of (partial) foreign descent in 2023.<ref>[https://allecijfers.nl/gemeente/eindhoven/#migratie Autochtoon of migratieachtergrond], AlleCijfers.nl</ref> People are classified as being of foreign descent when they were born outside of the Netherlands, or when at least one of their parents was born outside of the Netherlands. {| class="wikitable floatright" |+Population in 2020 by country of birth of parent (mother, or—if mother is Dutch—father) (2020)<ref>{{Cite web |title=CBS StatLine – Bevolking; leeftijd, herkomstgroepering, geslacht en regio, 1 januari |url=http://statline.cbs.nl/Statweb/publication/?DM=SLNL&PA=37713&D1=0-8&D2=0&D3=1-2,6-55&D4=603&D5=l&HDR=T,G4&STB=G1,G3,G2&VW=T |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630224048/http://statline.cbs.nl/Statweb/publication/?DM=SLNL&PA=37713&D1=0-8&D2=0&D3=1-2,6-55&D4=603&D5=l&HDR=T,G4&STB=G1,G3,G2&VW=T |archive-date=30 June 2017 |access-date=30 August 2015}}</ref> |- ! Country/territory || Population |- |{{flagicon|NED}} [[Netherlands]] || style="text-align:right;"|160,420 (61.48%) |- |{{flagicon|TUR}} [[Turkey]] || style="text-align:right;"|10,337 (4.7%) |- |{{flagicon|IDN}} [[Indonesia]] || style="text-align:right;"|6,248 (2.9%) |- |{{flagicon|MAR}} [[Morocco]] || style="text-align:right;"|5,907 (2.7%) |- |{{flagicon|GER}} [[Germany]] || style="text-align:right;"|5,115 (2.4%) |- | {{flagicon|SUR}} [[Suriname]] || style="text-align:right;"|3,771 (1.7%) |- |{{flagicon|CHN}} [[China]] || style="text-align:right;"|3,452 (1.6%) |- |{{flagicon|POL}} [[Poland]] || style="text-align:right;"|2,956 (1.2%) |- |{{flagicon|NED}} [[Dutch Caribbean]] || style="text-align:right;"|2,704 (1.2%) |- |{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Belgium]] || style="text-align:right;"|2,651 (1.2%) |- |{{flagicon|IND}} [[India]] || style="text-align:right;"|2,088 (0.7%) |- |{{flagicon|SOV}} [[Soviet Union]] || style="text-align:right;"|1,534 (0.6%) |- |{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Great Britain]] || style="text-align:right;"|1,410 (0.6%) |- |{{flagicon|YUG}} [[Yugoslavia]] || style="text-align:right;"|1,386 (0.6%) |- |{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Spain]] || style="text-align:right;"|1,226 (0.5%) |} The municipal agglomeration of Eindhoven (an administrative construct which includes only some of the surrounding towns and villages) has 327,245 inhabitants as of 1 January 2010. The spoken language is a combination of Kempenlands (a [[Dutch language|Dutch]] dialect spoken in a large area east and south east of the city, including Arendonk and Lommel in Belgium) and North [[Meierij]]s (between the south of [[Den Bosch]] and into Eindhoven). Both dialects belong to the [[East Brabantian]] dialect group), which is very similar to colloquial [[Dutch language|Dutch]]).<ref>Jos & Cor Swanenberg: Taal in stad en land: Oost-Brabants, {{ISBN|9012090105}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+ Urban development<ref name=AlleCijfers/> |- ! Year ! Population |- | 1996 | 197,374 |- | 2000 | 201,728 |- | 2005 | 208,455 |- | 2010 | 213,809 |- | 2015 | 223,209 |- | 2020 | 234,394 |- | 2021 | 235,691 |- | 2022 | 238,326 |- | 2023 | 243,730 |- | 2024 | 246,443 |- |} === Inhabitants by origin === {| class="wikitable" !2020<ref>{{Cite web |title=CBS Statline |url=https://opendata.cbs.nl/statline/#/CBS/nl/dataset/37713/table |access-date=2023-06-28 |website=opendata.cbs.nl |language=nl}}</ref> !Numbers !% |- !Dutch natives |146,443 |62.48% |- !Western migration background |36,057 |15.38% |- !Non-Western migration background |51,894 |22.14% |- |''[[Turkey]]'' |11,295 |4.82% |- |''[[Morocco]]'' |6,451 |2.75% |- |''[[Indonesia]]'' |5,934 | |- |''[[Suriname]]'' |3,748 | |- |''[[Netherlands Antilles]] and [[Aruba]]'' |2,925 | |- |Total |234 394 |100% |} ===Districts=== Of all Eindhoven districts, the historical centre is by far the smallest in size and population, numbering only 5,419 in 2006. Woensel-Noord is the largest, having been the city's main area of expansion for several decades. Population figures for all districts, as of 1 January 2008, ranked by size:<ref>http://eindhoven.buurtmonitor.nl/ eindhoven.buurtmonitor.nl</ref> #[[Woensel]]-Noord (65,429) #[[Woensel]]-Zuid (35,789) #[[Stratum, Netherlands|Stratum]] (31,778) #[[Gestel, Netherlands|Gestel]] (26,590) #[[Strijp]] (25,402) #[[Tongelre]] (19,680) #Centrum (5,757) ===Religion=== Eindhoven is located in the southeast of the [[Provinces of the Netherlands|province]] of [[North Brabant]]. This area is historically [[Catholic]] and the population of Eindhoven was similarly mostly Catholic for a very long time until the late 1970s. However, the internationalizing influence of the university, Philips and other companies have created a more mixed population over the last few decades. {{Pie chart |caption = Religion in Eindhoven (2015)<ref>http://www.rtlnieuws.nl/buurtfacts/opmerkelijk!/Geloof/noord-brabant/eindhoven///religie-Eindhoven{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |thumb = right |label1 = [[Irreligion|No religious denomination]] |value1 = 45 |color1 = Honeydew |label2 = [[Catholic Church]] |value2 = 36.9 |color2 = DarkOrchid |label3 = [[Protestant Church in the Netherlands]] |value3 = 2.5 |color3 = DodgerBlue |label4 = Other Christian denominations |value4 = 2.4 |color4 = DeepSkyBlue |label5 = [[Islam in the Netherlands|Islam]] |value5 = 8 |color5 = Green |label6 = [[Hinduism]] |value6 = 0.8 |color6 = Orange |label7 = [[Buddhism]] |value7 = 0.5 |color7 = Yellow |label8 = Other |value8 = 3.9 |color8 = Chartreuse }} The spiritual needs of the Eindhoven population are tended to by a steadily shrinking number of churches,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rvk.dse.nl/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=30 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101022225733/http://www.rvk.dse.nl/ |archive-date=22 October 2010}}</ref> two mosques and one synagogue. ===Crime=== In research by the Dutch newspaper [[Algemeen Dagblad]] based on the police's [[Statistics|statistical data]] on [[Crime statistics|crime rates]], Eindhoven was found to have the highest crime rate in the Netherlands for 2006, 2007, 2009, and 2010. In 2011, Eindhoven has slipped down the list to number six.<ref name="Rotterdam onveiligste gemeente">{{cite web |url=http://www.ad.nl/ad/nl/1012/Binnenland/article/detail/2443794/2011/06/10/Rotterdam-onveiligste-gemeente.dhtml |title=Rotterdam onveiligste gemeente - Binnenland - AD |access-date=11 June 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613204248/http://www.ad.nl/ad/nl/1012/Binnenland/article/detail/2443794/2011/06/10/Rotterdam-onveiligste-gemeente.dhtml |archive-date=13 June 2011}}</ref> In 2009, in the Eindhoven agglomeration, the following numbers of crimes were recorded:<ref name="CBSCriminaliteit">{{cite web|url=http://statline.cbs.nl/StatWeb/publication/?DM=SLNL&PA=80344NED&D1=0&D2=0-1,62,87,104-105,114,117,121-122&D3=22&D4=l&HDR=T,G3&STB=G1,G2&VW=T |title=Gereg.criminaliteit; misdrijven naar soort misdrijf en politieregio |date=7 July 2010 |publisher=[[Statistics Netherlands|CBS]] Statline |access-date=2 September 2010|language=nl}}</ref> {|class="wikitable" |- !Category!!Number |- |Total||61,539 |- |Monetary (including burglary, theft)||37,266 |- |Destruction and public disorder||9,861 |- |Violent crime||5,568 |- |Other crimes (criminal code)||562 |- |Traffic crimes||6,665 |- |Drug related||1,094 |- |(Fire)arms related||343 |- |Environmental||19 |- |Other crimes (other laws)||161 |} ===Languages=== * [[Dutch language|Standard Dutch]]<ref name="daniels">{{cite web|title=Dè is toch wè?! Wim Daniëls maakt Brabants theaterstuk 'Een ons komma's' {{!}} Hallo 040|url=http://www.hallo040.nl/cultuur/de-is-toch-we-wim-daniels-maakt-brabants-theaterstuk-een-ons-kommas/|access-date=7 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304073228/http://www.hallo040.nl/cultuur/de-is-toch-we-wim-daniels-maakt-brabants-theaterstuk-een-ons-kommas/|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Eindhoven does not have its own, uniform dialect. Varieties of the [[Brabantian dialect]] used to be spoken in the former villages of Gestel, Woensel and Stratum, but are now almost extinct. The closest city to Eindhoven in which Brabantian is spoken is [[Helmond]].<ref name="daniels"/> ==Economy== Eindhoven has grown from a small town in 1232 to one of the biggest cities in the [[Netherlands]] with over 240,000 inhabitants in 2022. Much of its growth is due to [[Philips]], [[DAF Trucks]] and [[Brabantia]]. Among recent high-tech companies based in Eindhoven are [[NXP Semiconductors]], [[Sendcloud]], and [[Signify (company)|Signify]]. After the resurrection of the Netherlands in 1815 and the end of the [[Belgian Revolution]], Eindhoven was a small village of some 1250 people in an economically backward and mostly agricultural area. Cheap land, cheap labor and the existence of pre-industrial [[homesourcing]] (''huisnijverheid'' in Dutch) made Eindhoven an attractive area for the developing industries which were being stimulated by the government of [[William I of the Netherlands|King William I]]. During the 19th century, Eindhoven grew into an industrial town with factories for [[textile industry|textile weaving]], cigar manufacturing, [[match]] making and hat making. Most of these industries disappeared again after [[World War II]], though. [[File:Aanzicht op de Lichttoren en gebouw ED en EC, met links de Emmasingel en rechts de Mathildelaan - Eindhoven - 20338971 - RCE.jpg|thumb|left|{{ill|Light Tower (Eindhoven)|lt=Light Tower|nl|Lichttoren (Eindhoven)}} in 2000]] In 1891, brothers [[Gerard Philips|Gerard]] and [[Anton Philips]] founded the small light bulb factory that would grow into one of the largest electronics firms in the world. [[Philips]]' presence is probably the largest single contributing factor to the major growth of Eindhoven in the 20th century. It attracted and spun off many [[High tech|hi-tech]] companies, making Eindhoven a major technology and industrial hub. In 2005, a full third of the total amount of money spent on research in the Netherlands was spent in or around Eindhoven. A quarter of the jobs in the region are in technology and [[Information technology|ICT]], with companies such as [[FEI Company]] (once Philips Electron Optics), [[NXP Semiconductors]] (formerly Philips Semiconductors), [[ASML Holding|ASML]], [[ALTEN]], Simac, Neways Electronics and the aforementioned Philips and DAF. Eindhoven has long been a centre of cooperation between research institutes and industry. This tradition started with Philips (the [[Philips Natuurkundig Laboratorium|NatLab]] was a physical expression of this) and has since expanded to large cooperative networks. The [[Eindhoven University of Technology]] hosts an incubator for technology startups and the NatLab has developed into the [[High Tech Campus Eindhoven]]. Also, [[Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research|TNO]] has opened a branch on the university campus. This tradition has also fostered inter-industry cooperation in the region; one example of this is the announcement in September 2010 of a new research lab for high-grade packaging materials, a cooperation of [[IPS Packaging (Netherlands)|IPS Packaging]] and [[Thales Nederland|Thales Cryogenics]].<ref name="PackagingLab">{{cite web |url=http://www.technischweekblad.nl/nieuw-testlab-voor-hoogwaardige-verpakkingen.108164.lynkx |title=Nieuw testlab voor hoogwaardige verpakkingen |first=Joop |last=Wenstedt |date=25 September 2010 |work=[[Technisch Weekblad]] |publisher=Uitgeverij Bèta Publishers |location=[[The Hague]], [[Netherlands]] |language=nl |trans-title=New testing lab for high-grade packaging materials |access-date=30 September 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719233939/http://www.technischweekblad.nl/nieuw-testlab-voor-hoogwaardige-verpakkingen.108164.lynkx |archive-date=19 July 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> This cooperative tradition has also developed into a different direction than the traditional technology research done at the university. Starting in 2002, the university, the Catharina hospital, Philips Medical and the [[University of Maastricht]] joined forces and started joint research into [[biomedical science]], [[biomedical technology|technology]] and [[biomedical engineering|engineering]]. Within Eindhoven, this research has been concentrated in a new university faculty (BioMedical Technology or BMT). This development has also made Eindhoven a biomedical technology hub within the country and its (European) region. [[File:Overzicht - Eindhoven - 20396788 - RCE.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Evoluon]] building initially hosted a science museum; it is now a [[Exhibition center|conference center]].]] Prime examples of industrial heritage in Eindhoven are the renovated Witte Dame (''"White Lady"'') complex, a former Philips lamp factory; and the Admirant building (informally known as Bruine Heer or ''"Brown Gentleman"'' in reference to the Witte Dame across the street), the former Philips main offices. The Witte Dame currently houses the municipal library, the [[Design Academy Eindhoven|Design Academy]] and a selection of shops. The Admirant has been renovated into an Office building for small companies. Across the street from the Witte Dame and next to the Admirant is Philips' first light bulb factory (nicknamed Roze Baby, or ''"Pink Baby"'', in reference to its pink colour and much smaller size when compared to the "White Lady" and "Brown Gentleman"). The small building now houses the "Centrum Kunstlicht in de Kunst" (centre artificial light in art)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kunstlichtkunst.nl/ |title=Centrum kunstlicht in de kunst te Eindhoven. Museum voor lichtkunst en lichteffecten |language=nl |publisher=Kunstlichtkunst.nl |access-date=5 May 2009 |archive-date=6 March 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100306155220/http://www.kunstlichtkunst.nl/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> and the "Philips Incandescent Lamp Factory of 1891" museum.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.philipsfabriek1891.nl |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010124030300/http://www.philipsfabriek1891.nl/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 January 2001 |title=Philips gloeilampenfabriekje anno 1891 |publisher=Philipsfabriek1891.nl |access-date=5 May 2009 }}</ref> ===Knowledge economy initiatives=== Due to its high-tech environment, Eindhoven is part of several initiatives to develop, foster and increase a [[knowledge economy]]. Chief among these are: *Brainport Top Technology Region,<ref name="Brainport">{{cite web|url=http://www.brainport.nl |title=Brainport |website=Brainport.nl |date=18 February 2017 |access-date=5 March 2017}}</ref> a cooperative initiative of local government, industry and the [[Eindhoven University of Technology]] to develop the local knowledge economy of the Eindhoven region. *Brainport Development,<ref name="BrainportDevelopment">{{cite web |url=http://www.brainportdevelopment.nl/en/ |title=Home – Brainport Development |website=Brainportdevelopment.nl |access-date=5 March 2017 |archive-date=20 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170220161456/http://www.brainportdevelopment.nl/en/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> an extension of the Top Technology Region, Brainport Development serves as the Eindhoven's regional innovation agency to maintain its position as an innovation hub.<ref>Morisson, A. & Doussineau, M. (2019). Regional innovation governance and place-based policies: design, implementation and implications. Regional Studies, Regional Science,6(1),101–116. https://rsa.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21681376.2019.1578257.</ref> *Samenwerkingsverband Regio Eindhoven,<ref name="SRE">{{cite web |url=http://www.sre.nl/web/show |title=SRE - Uitgelicht |access-date=29 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100408230745/http://www.sre.nl/web/show |archive-date=8 April 2010}}</ref> a cooperative agreement among the municipalities in the Eindhoven metropolitan area. *The Eindhoven-Leuven-Aachen triangle,<ref name="ELAt">[http://www.elat.org] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140313190025/http://www.elat.org/|date=13 March 2014}}</ref> a cooperation agreement between the universities and surrounding regions of Eindhoven, [[Leuven]] ([[Belgium]]) and [[Aachen]] (Germany). The Intelligent Community Forum named the Eindhoven metro region the No. 21 intelligent community in 2008 and the No. 7 intelligent community in 2009 and 2010.<ref name="ICFIntelComm2011">{{cite web|url=http://www.intelligentcommunity.org/index.php?src=news&srctype=detail&category=Partner%20News&refno=582 |title=Intelligent Community Forum Announces Top Seven Intelligent Communities of 2011 |date=19 January 2011 |publisher=Intelligent Community Forum |access-date=23 January 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722103029/http://www.intelligentcommunity.org/index.php?src=news&srctype=detail&category=Partner%20News&refno=582 |archive-date=22 July 2011}}</ref><ref name="NRC20110122-Brabo-Techniek">{{cite news |title=Brabantse techniek terug in de wereld |first=Renée |last=Postma |url=http://digitaleeditie.nrc.nl/NH/2011/0/20110122___/3_13/article5.html |newspaper=[[NRC Handelsblad]] |page=13 |access-date=23 January 2011 |language=nl |trans-title=Brabant technology back in the world}}</ref> In 2011, the ICF named Eindhoven the Intelligent Community of the Year.<ref name="ICFIntelComm2011Winner">{{cite web|url=http://www.intelligentcommunity.org/index.php?src=news&srctype=detail&category=Partner%20News&refno=629 |title=ICF Names Eindhoven Region of the Netherlands as its Intelligent Community of the Year 2011 |date=3 June 2011 |publisher=Intelligent Community Forum |access-date=4 June 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726181907/http://www.intelligentcommunity.org/index.php?src=news&srctype=detail&category=Partner%20News&refno=629 |archive-date=26 July 2011}}</ref> Since 2012, Eindhoven has vanished from the top 7 of intelligent communities.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.intelligentcommunity.org/top7|title=The Top7 Intelligent Communities of the Year|website=Intelligent Community Forum}}</ref> ===EIT co-location=== Eindhoven is one of the co-location centres of the [[European Institute of Innovation and Technology]] (EIT).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eit.europa.eu/home.html |title=European Institute of Innovation and Technology: Home |publisher=Eit.europa.eu |access-date=1 June 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100328175502/http://eit.europa.eu/home.html |archive-date=28 March 2010}}</ref> It hosts two Knowledge and Innovation Communities (KICs): Innoenergy (Sustainable Energy) and EIT ICT Labs (Information and Communication Technology). The co-locations are on the [[High Tech Campus Eindhoven]]. ==Education== Eindhoven, being a city with a 240,000+ population, is served by a large number of schools both at primary and secondary education levels. In addition, Eindhoven is a higher-education hub within the southern Netherlands, with several institutes of higher education that serve students from the extended region of [[North Brabant]], [[Zeeland]], [[Limburg (Netherlands)|Limburg]] and parts of the surrounding provinces. ===Primary education=== Primary education is provided to the children aged 4 to 12 in Eindhoven through a large number of primary schools: {|class="wikitable" |- !Area !Gestel||Stratum||Strijp||Tongelre||Woensel |- !Schools | *SALTO school De Hobbitstee *SKPO school De Kameleon *SKPO school De Springplank *SALTO school De Trinoom *SKPO school De Troubadour *SALTO school Hanevoet *SKPO school Karel de Grote *The Regional international school *SKPO school 't Startblok | *SKPO school Beppino Sarto *SALTO school De Hasselbraam *SALTO school De Klimboom *VSEZ school De Regenboog *SKPO school De Talisman *SKPO school De Wilakkers *SALTO school De Zevensprong *SALTO school basisschool Floralaan | *SALTO school De Bergen *SKPO school De Schakel *SALTO school De Startbaan *SALTO school Drents Dorp *SKPO school 't Slingertouw *SKPO school Theresia *SKPO school Trudo | *SKPO school De Boog *SALTO school De Driesprong *SALTO school Nutsschool Reigerlaan *SKPO school BoschAkker *SALTO school 't Karregat | *SKPO school Atalanta *SALTO school Cornelis Jetses *SKPO school De Bijenkorf *SKPO school De Boschuil *SALTO school De Driestam *SKPO school De Handreiking *SALTO school De Klapwiek *SKPO school De Korenaar *SALTO school De Ontmoeting *SALTO school De Opbouw *SKPO school De Schelp *SALTO school De Tempel *SALTO school De Vuurvlinder *SEOO school Evangelische Basisschool Online *SKPO school Fellenoord *SKPO school Gunterslaer *SKPO school Klimwijs *SALTO school Louis Buelens *SKPO school Onder de Wieken *SKPO school Rapenland *SKPO school St. Antonius Abt *SKPO school 't Palet *[[Islam]]ic school Tarieq Ibnoe Ziyad *SKPO school Tweelingen *VSB school Vrije School Brabant *SKPO school Wethouder van Eupen |} *Special needs primary education: **SALTO school Jan Nieuwenhuizen **SKPO school De Reis van Brandaan **SKPO school Petraschool **SALTO school De Vijfkamp ===Secondary education=== Secondary education is provided to the children aged 12 to 18 in Eindhoven through several highschools: {|class="wikitable" |- !Area !Gestel||Stratum||Strijp||Tongelre||Woensel |- !Schools | *[[Christiaan Huygens college|Huygens Lyceum]] *Aloysius/De Roosten *Van Maerlant Lyceum *Heliconopleidingen "Groenschool" | *[[SG Augustinianum]] *De Burgh *Sint-Joris College | *Sint Lucas Eindhoven *Montessori College ROC Eindhoven *Olympia | *[[Lorentz Casimir Lyceum]] | *[[Frits Philips]] Lyceum *Eckartcollege *Novalis College *De Rooi Pannen *Stedelijk College Eindhoven *[[International Secondary School Eindhoven]] |} Special needs secondary education: *Sondervickcollege, Locatie de Stolberg *De Korenaer *Mgr. Bekkers *De Beemden *Mytylschool *Antoon Schellens College *Praktijkschool Eindhoven *VSO Ekkersbeek *Instituut 'St. Marie' ===Higher and adult education=== Eindhoven hosts four different public institutions for higher and adult education, as well as a number of private institutions offering courses and trainings. The public institutions hosted in Eindhoven are: *[[Design Academy]]. *[[Eindhoven University of Technology]]. *[[Fontys University of Applied Sciences]] (Eindhoven branch). *[[Tio University]] *{{ill|SintLucas|nl}} *{{ill|Summa College|nl}} The [[Open University (Netherlands)|Open University]] also has a study center in Eindhoven. Among the private institutions is the [[Centrum voor Kunsten Eindhoven]], which offers art-related courses to adults (including a DJ-education). == Politics == === Municipal council === The [[municipal council (Netherlands)|municipal council]] is the legislative council at the municipal level in Eindhoven; its existence is mandated by the [[Constitution of the Netherlands]]. The Eindhoven city council consists of 45 elected representatives from the Eindhoven municipality. These are elected during municipal elections from candidates running in Eindhoven. Eindhoven politics consists of local branches of the national political parties and purely local parties with strictly local interests. The city council reflects this mix in its makeup. {|class="wikitable sortable" |+Division of the municipal seats in the Eindhoven city council after the elections<ref name="ElectionResultsCityCouncil">{{cite web|url=https://www.verkiezingsuitslagen.nl/verkiezingen?s=Gemeenteraad&v=2002&t=2022 |title=Databank verkiezingsuitslagen |website=Verkiezingsuitslagen.nl |access-date=16 September 2022}}</ref> ! rowspan="2" | Party ! colspan="6" | Percentages ! colspan="5" | Seats ! |- ! 2002 !! 2006 ! 2010 !! 2014 ! 2018 !! 2022 ! 2002 !! 2006 ! 2010 !! 2014 ! 2018 !! 2022 |- | [[GroenLinks|GreenLeft]] | 7.3 || 7.1 | 8.9 || 7.6 | 14.5 || 18.5 | 3 || 3 | 4 || 4 | 7 || 9 |- | [[Christian Democratic Appeal|CDA]] | 18.6 || 14.6 | 11.5 || 8.1 | 11.5 || 11.9 | 9 || 7 | 6 || 4 | 6 || 6 |- | [[People's Party for Freedom and Democracy|VVD]] | 12.4 || 11.8 | 15.7 || 13.4 | 14.8 || 11.5 | 6 || 6 | 8 || 6 | 7 || 6 |- | [[Labour Party (Netherlands)|PvdA]] | 18.1 || 27.0 | 20.6 || 16.0 | 12.3 || 10.8 | 9 || 14 | 10 || 8 | 6 || 5 |- | [[Democrats 66|D66]] | 6.1 || 3.3 | 12.2 || 14.8 | 11.7 || 9.7 | 3 || 1 | 6 || 7 | 6 || 5 |- | [[Socialist Party (Netherlands)|SP]] | 7.5 || 12.9 | 8.7 || 14.4 | 8.0 || 5.9 | 3 || 6 | 4 || 7 | 4 || 3 |- | [[Volt Netherlands|Volt]] | || | || | || 5.6 | || | || | || 3 |- | Senior Appeal (Heart for) Eindhoven | 4.2 || 4.9 | 6.2 || 9.7 | 5.6 || 5.6 | 2 || 2 | 3 || 5 | 2 || 3 |- | [[Party for the Animals]] | || | || | || 4.7 | || | || | || 2 |- | [[Pim Fortuyn List]] (Eindhoven) | || 2.3 | 4.6 || 3.8 | 4.0 || 3.4 | || 1 | 2 || 1 | 2 || 1 |- | [[Forum for Democracy]] | || | || | || 3.0 | || | || | || 1 |- | [[50PLUS]] | || | || | 3.9 || 2.3 | || | || | 2 || 1 |- | [[Denk (political party)|DENK]] | || | || | 3.5 || 1.8 | || | || | 1 || 0 |- | [[Christian Union (Netherlands)|ChristianUnion]] | 1.9 || 2.2 | 1.8 || 2.0 | 2.4 || 1.8 | 0 || 1 | 0 || 1 | 1 || 0 |- | Ordinary Eindhoven | || | || | || 1.6 | || | || | || 0 |- | [[Pirate Party (Netherlands)|Pirate Party]] | || | || | || 1.4 | || | || | || 0 |- | The Party Party (DFP) | || | || | || 0.5 | || | || | || 0 |- | [[Livable Eindhoven]] | 19.2 || 6.9 | 3.2 || 4.0 | 2.8 || | 9 || 3 | 1 || 2 | 1 || |- | Wide Left Movement | || | || | 1.9 || | || | || | 0 || |- | Forum040 | || | || | 1.2 || | || | || | 0 || |- | Stratum's Interest | || | || | 1.2 || | || | || | 0 || |- | Future Party (PvdT) | || 1.1 | 0.8 || 0.6 | 0.9 || | || 0 | 0 || 0 | 0 || |- | Blank list, 1th cand. M. Leenders | || | || 1.5 | || | || | || 0 | || |- | Disappointed Citizens | || | || 1.5 | || | || | || 0 | || |- | Together Eindhoven | || | || 1.1 | || | || | || 0 | || |- | Unity Party | || | || 0.8 | || | || | || 0 | || |- | OPA Eindhoven | || | || 0.7 | || | || | || 0 | || |- | The Greens | || | || 0.1 | || | || | || 0 | || |- | [[Trots op Nederland|Proud of the Netherlands]] / List Rita Verdonk | || | 2.8 || | || | || | 1 || | || |- | City Party | 3.6 || 2.4 | 1.4 || | || | 1 || 1 | 0 || | || |- | Eindhoven Now | || | 1.2 || | || | || | 0 || | || |- | Human and Spirit Party | || | 0.5 || | || | || | 0 || | || |- | Students List Eindhoven | || 1.7 | || | || | || 0 | || | || |- | New Right | || 1.0 | || | || | || 0 | || | || |- | Liberal Eindhoven | || 0.9 | || | || | || 0 | || | || |- | List Resink | 1.0 || | || | || | 0 || | || | || |- ! Turnout / total ! 48.3 !! 47.7 ! 43.6 !! 44.7 ! 46.4 !! 41.8 ! 45 !! 45 ! 45 !! 45 ! 45 !! 45 |} === Municipal executive === ==== Alder(wo)men ==== The executive council in Dutch municipalities is called the ''College of the Mayor and Aldermen'' (Dutch: ''[[College van Burgemeester en Wethouders]]'' or ''College van B&W'' for short). The [[burgemeester|mayor]] is appointed by the [[monarchy of the Netherlands|monarch]], but the council of [[wethouder|aldermen]] is composed as a result of the formation of a local [[coalition government]]. This coalition is formed in such a way as to be able to rely on a majority of the votes in the city council. ;2014 – 2018 In May 2014, a coalition was formed between [[Labour Party (Netherlands)|PvdA]], [[Democrats 66|D66]], [[Socialist Party (Netherlands)|SP]], and [[GroenLinks|GreenLeft]]. Together they had 26 seats in the city council. The council of alder(wo)men consisted of the following people:<ref name="CollegeBW2014">{{cite web |url=http://www.eindhoven.nl/artikelen/College-van-BW-20142018.htm |title=College van B&W 2014–2018 |publisher=Gemeente Eindhoven |access-date=20 May 2014 |language=nl |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140803141123/http://www.eindhoven.nl/artikelen/College-van-BW-20142018.htm |archive-date=3 August 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> * Staf Depla (PvdA): economy, [[Employment|work]] and income and [[vocational education]] * Yasin Torunoglu (PvdA): living, [[borough]]s, space and citizen participation * Marco van Dorst replaced by Wilbert Seuren in July 2015 (both D66): [[spatial planning]] and [[treasury]] * Mary-Ann Schreurs (D66): [[innovation]] and design, [[sustainability]] and culture * Bianca van Kaathoven (SP): active city, [[Multiculturalism|diversity]] and permits *[[Jannie Visscher]] (SP): [[youth]], education, traffic and transport * Lenie Scholten (GreenLeft): health care and WIJeindhoven ;2018 – 2022 In May 2018, a coalition was formed existing of [[People's Party for Freedom and Democracy|VVD]], GreenLeft, PvdA, and [[Christian Democratic Appeal|CDA]]. They had 26 seats together.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.omroepbrabant.nl/nieuws/2737328/akkoord-bereikt-over-coalitie-eindhoven |title = Akkoord bereikt over coalitie Eindhoven |date = 18 May 2018 |language = nl |publisher = Omroep Brabant |access-date = 16 September 2022}}</ref> The alder(wo)men were:<ref>{{cite web |url = https://archief.studio040.nl/eindhoven-heeft-nieuwe-coalitie/content/item?1082724 |title = Eindhoven heeft nieuwe coalitie |language = nl |publisher = Omroep Brabant |access-date = 16 September 2022}}</ref> * Monique List (VVD) * Marcel Oosterveer (VVD) * Renate Richters (GreenLeft) * Jan van der Veer replaced by Rik Thijs in June 2019 (both GreenLeft) * Yasin Torunoglu (PvdA) * Stijn Steenbakkers (CDA) ;2022 – 2026 In June 2022, a coalition has been formed existing of GreenLeft, CDA, PvdA, and D66, having 25 seats together. Their alder(wo)men have been:<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.eindhoven.nl/nieuws/nieuw-college-en-nieuw-bestuursakkoord |title = Nieuw college en nieuw bestuursakkoord |language = nl |publisher = Gemeente Eindhoven |access-date = 16 September 2022}}</ref> * Saskia Lammers (GreenLeft): well-being, work, poverty, culture and design * Rik Thijs (GreenLeft): climate, energy, soil and greening * Samir Toub (GreenLeft): diversity, care, youth and social support * Maes van Lanschot (CDA): finance, sport, heritage and regional cooperation * Stijn Steenbakkers (CDA): brainport, economy, education, KnoopXL and Eindhoven-Northwest * Mieke Verhees (PvdA): housing, neighbourhoods, space and services * Monique Esselbrugge (D66): higher and vocational education, mobility, city center and Design District ==== Mayor ==== [[File:Jeroen Dijsselbloem 2015 (1).jpg|thumb|Mayor [[Jeroen Dijsselbloem]]]] The [[burgemeester|mayors]] of the Netherlands are not elected but appointed by the [[Politics of the Netherlands|crown]]. Nevertheless, there has been a movement over the last few years to give the municipalities more say in who will be their mayor, which has resulted in [[referendum|consultative referendums]] being held in the larger cities to "suggest" a candidate for the post. This was also tried in Eindhoven. On 23 January 2008, a referendum to elect a mayor was held in Eindhoven. This referendum, the second of its kind in the Netherlands, was attended by 24.6% of the inhabitants. This was less than the required 30% needed to make a referendum binding. Nevertheless, the city council would choose the winner of the referendum as the preferred candidate. The main reason for the low attendance was that the candidates, [[Leen Verbeek]] and [[Rob van Gijzel]], were from the same party ([[Labour Party (Netherlands)|PvdA]]). Rob van Gijzel won the referendum with 61.8% of the votes and was appointed the city's new mayor. The mayor is the chairman of the Council of B&W. He also has responsibility for a number of specific posts (like the aldermen). For example, in the executive council of 2014-2018 mayor Van Gijzel held responsibility for the post of communication.<ref name="CollegeBW2014"/> If unavailable, the mayor is temporarily replaced by one of the aldermen. Rob van Gijzel was succeeded by [[John Jorritsma]] ([[People's Party for Freedom and Democracy|VVD]]) on 13 September 2016. Jorritsma has been succeeded by [[Jeroen Dijsselbloem]] ([[Labour Party (Netherlands)|PvdA]]) on 13 September 2022.<ref name=mayor_now/> {{See also|List of mayors of Eindhoven}} ==Culture and recreation== Culturally and recreationally, Eindhoven was formed by two forces: *Being a university city, Eindhoven has a large student population. The students from the [[Eindhoven University of Technology]] and a number of undergraduate schools give Eindhoven a young population, whose recreational needs are catered to by several different festivals, clubs and such. *For a long time Eindhoven was the main location of Philips. The Philips company undertook a lot of effort in the "cultural formation" of its workforce and has given the city both cultural institutions (such as the former [[Philips Ontspannings Centrum|POC]] and the [[Muziekcentrum Frits Philips]]) and sporting institutions (notably [[Philips Sport Vereniging|PSV]]). Eindhoven is also known as the City of Light, due to Philips originating from there and because of several projects involving lighting up buildings of the city. During [[Carnival]], Eindhoven is rechristened ''Lampegat'' (Hamlet of Lamps, although for the ironic purposes of carnival the translation ''Hole in the ground with lamps'' is closer to the mark); this refers again to the important role of [[Philips]] in the Eindhoven community. ===Cultural institutions=== There are several cultural institutions in and around the city. ====Museums==== *There are two museums dedicated to the major topics of the city's industrial heritage: the [[DAF Museum]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Welkom bij de DAF Museum website - DAF Museum |url=https://www.dafmuseum.nl/ |access-date=2025-02-10 |website=www.dafmuseum.nl |language=nl-NL}}</ref> has a collection of DAF cars and the [[Philips Gloeilampenfabriekje anno 1891]] (across the street from the Kempenland) documents the early [[lightbulb]] industry. *The former district court house now houses the [[Designhuis]], a public podium and interaction area for modern design and innovation. *The [[Eindhoven Museum]] is an [[archaeological open-air museum]] which focuses on the region's [[Iron Age]] and [[Middle Ages]]. It merged in 2011 with Museum Kempenland which was a regional museum, which documents the history of the [[Kempenland]] region in objects, documents, paintings and educational activities. Museum Kempenland's old location, the Steentjeskerk, is closed. *The [[Inkijkmuseum]] (the ''Look-In museum''; housed in an old [[linen]] factory in the Dommelstraat) is a small but special museum: it offers ever-changing exhibits, which are to be viewed through the building's windows. *The [[Van Abbemuseum]] has a collection of modern and [[contemporary art]], including works by [[Pablo Picasso|Picasso]], [[Wassily Kandinsky|Kandinsky]], [[Piet Mondriaan|Mondriaan]] and [[Marc Chagall|Chagall]]. * De '''Ontdekfabriek''' (Discovery Factory) children's museum at [[Strijp-S]] Eindhoven was home to the [[Evoluon]] [[science museum]], sponsored by [[Philips]]. The Evoluon building has evolved into a [[convention center|conference centre]]. ====Open-air art==== The Eindhoven [[public space]] contains many forms of artistic expression (a book published by the Eindhoven tourist board records 550 {{as of|2001|lc=true}} and more have been added since), with high "concentrations" of them in the [[parks]]. The [[Stadswandelpark]] for instance, contains over 30 works of [[modern art]]. There are also several other works of art on permanent display throughout the city, such as ''Flying Pins'' (by [[Claes Oldenburg]] and [[Coosje van Bruggen]], who considered the location on the southern stretch of the John F. Kennedylaan to be like a [[bowling alley]]) and ''Swing'' (a construct on the Karel de Grotelaan, which morphs into different geometric shapes as you move around it). There are also a number of statues of famous city inhabitants, such as [[Johan Frederik Rudolph van Hooff|Jan van Hooff]] (by [[Auke Hettema]], 1992) and [[Frits Philips]] (by [[Kees Verkade]]) on the Market Square. There is a statue of [[Anton Philips]] in front of the central railway station. [[File:Piazza Center Eindhoven.jpg|thumbnail|left|Piazza Centre as seen from Demer]] Eindhoven is also, to some degree, open to forms of impromptu and alternative art. For example, the [[Berenkuil (Eindhoven)|Berenkuil]] is a freezone for [[graffiti]] artists in the city. ===== Light art ===== [[Strijp-S]] is a place for experimentation with [[Light-emitting diode|LED]] lighting, which keeps the historic connection with Philips' past.<ref>'[http://www.ed.nl/regio/eindhoven/lichtproject-op-strijp-s-pakt-auroralia-award-in-lyon-1.4663520 Lichtproject op Strijp-S pakt Auroralia Award in Lyon]', ''Eindhovens Dagblad''.</ref> Some [[light art]] includes the project '''Fakkel''' by Har Hollands. In the underground passage to NatLab artist [[Daan Roosegaarde]] installed his project '''Crystal'''. Strijp-S is a regular location for the light festival [[GLOW Festival Eindhoven|GLOW]].<ref>'[http://www.ed.nl/extra/glow/herbeleef-glow-eindhoven-routes-en-hoogtepunten-door-de-jaren-heen-1.4075747 Herbeleef Glow Eindhoven: Routes en hoogtepunten door de jaren heen]', ''Eindhovens Dagblad''.</ref><ref>'[http://www.ed.nl/extra/glow/licht-zien-voelen-en-zelfs-opslaan-op-glow-next-1.4615697 Licht zien, voelen en zelfs opslaan op Glow Next]', ''Eindhovens Dagblad''.</ref> ====Music and theatre==== [[File:Effenaar.jpg|thumb|The Effenaar [[music venue]]]] The [[Effenaar]] is a [[popular music]] venue and cultural center in Eindhoven, and is located at the Dommelstraat.<ref>{{cite web|author=Evenement |url=http://www.effenaar.nl |title=Effenaar |publisher=Effenaar.nl |access-date=5 May 2009}}</ref> In 1992, the [[Muziekcentrum Frits Philips]] was opened as a stage for classical and popular music in Eindhoven, reviewed by critics as a concert hall with acoustics that rival the best halls in Europe. Before that, Philips sponsored the [[Philips Ontspannings Centrum|POC]]. Parktheater Eindhoven is Eindhoven's stage for opera, cabaret, ballet etc. Opened in 1964, it has received over 250,000 visitors every year. With its 1,000 m2 it has one of the largest stages in the Netherlands. With a major renovation ending in 2007, the new Parktheater will receive an estimated 300,000 visitors a year. Eindhoven's Plaza Futura is now a cinema featuring cultural movies, lectures and special cultural events. Especially for students, [[Studium Generale Eindhoven]] organizes "socially, culturally and intellectually formative events".<ref name="StudiumGenerale">{{cite web |url=http://www.studiumgenerale-eindhoven.nl/sg/ |title=Studium Generale Eindhoven |website=Studiumgenerale-eindhoven.nl |access-date=5 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100722190708/http://www.studiumgenerale-eindhoven.nl/sg/ |archive-date=22 July 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> From within the student body, two [[Tuna (music)|Tunas]] provide entertainment from time to time at university and city events: [[Tuna Ciudad de Luz]] (''Tuna of the City of Light'') and the ladies tuna [[La Tuniña]].<ref name="TunaCdL">{{cite web|url=http://w3.tunacl.nl/index.php?id=en |title=Tuna Ciudad de Luz |publisher=Tuna Ciudad de Luz |access-date=29 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724171203/http://w3.tunacl.nl/index.php?id=en |archive-date=24 July 2011}}</ref><ref name="LaTunina">{{cite web|url=http://www.stud.tue.nl/~tunina/index%20Engels.html |title=La Tuniña |publisher=La Tuniña |access-date=29 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724171204/http://www.stud.tue.nl/~tunina/index%20Engels.html |archive-date=24 July 2011}}</ref> The general music and theatre scene in Eindhoven (in the broadest sense) is supported by a foundation called PopEi.<ref name="PopEi">{{cite web|url=http://www.popei.nl |title=Home | POPEI |website=Popei.nl |date=22 February 2017 |access-date=5 March 2017}}</ref> The purpose of this foundation is to support artistic groups with facilities, especially rehearsal stages and areas (housed in the old Philips location of [[Strijp-S]]) but also storage facilities. PopEi also provides a working environment for groups (through cafeteria facilities in [[Strijp-S]], so groups can have real working days) and provides some logistical support for organizing events. ===Recreation=== Eindhoven has a lively recreational scene. For going out, there are numerous bars on the [[Market square]], Stratumseind (Stratum's End) which is the largest pub-street in the Netherlands, Dommelstraat, Wilhelmina square and throughout the rest of the city. In addition to the more culturally oriented Plaza Futura, there are three [[movie theatre|cinema]]s in the centre of town ("Servicebioscoop Zien", "Vue" and [[Pathé]] Eindhoven, which offers THX sound, IMAX screens and 3D movie viewing). Eindhoven also hosts a large number of cultural and entertainment-oriented festivals. The biggest festivals in Eindhoven are: *[[ABlive]], popfestival ''(September)''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ablive.nl |title=ABlive gratis festival Eindhoven 23 Augustus 2008 |publisher=Ablive.nl |access-date=5 May 2009 |archive-date=31 December 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081231101513/http://www.ablive.nl/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Carnival in the Netherlands|Carnaval]], ''(February)'' *[[Koningsdag]], [[National Day]] ''(27 April)'' *[[Muziek op de Dommel]], classical music festival ''(June)''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.muziekopdedommel.nl |title=Muziek op de Dommel gratis toegankelijk klassiek muziek festival |publisher=muziekopdedommel.nl |access-date=4 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170322022437/http://www.muziekopdedommel.nl/ |archive-date=22 March 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[EDIT (festival)|EDIT]], festival ''(June)'' *Fiesta del Sol, street- and music acts ''(June)'' *[[UCI ProTour]] – [[Eindhoven Team Time Trial]], international cycling tour ''(June)'' *[[Virus Festival]], [[Alternative rock|alternative music]] festival ''(last edition in 2007, inactive at the moment)''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.virus.nl |title=Stichting Virus – Startpagina |publisher=Virus.nl |access-date=5 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170712020139/https://virus.nl/ |archive-date=12 July 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> *[[Dynamo Open Air|Dynamo Metal Fest]] ''(July)'' *[[Park Hilaria]], [[Funfair|fun fair]] ''(August)'' *[[Folkwoods]], [[List of music festivals|folk festival]] ''(August)'' *[[Reggae Sundance]], reggae festival ''(August)'' *[[Lichtjesroute]], 15-mile-tour of light ornaments, commemorating the liberation of Eindhoven (from ''18 September'') *[[Eindhoven Marathon]], ''(October)'' *[[Dutch Design Week]], international school festival ''(October)'' *[[GLOW Festival Eindhoven]] *[[TROMP international music competition & Festival]], international classical music competition & festival (15–23 November 2008: [[String quartet]], Nov 2010: Percussion) *STRP Festival, art & technology festival ''(23–25 November 2007)''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.strp.nl |title=STRP Festival |publisher=Strp.nl |access-date=5 May 2009}} Dominator Festival – Hardcore Music Festival (July). Run by Q-Dance and Art of dance </ref> ===Parks=== Eindhoven contains several parks and a lot of open, green space. Of the five largest cities in the Netherlands, it has the highest percentage of green area (encompassing about ⅓ of all public space). It is also the greenest of the five largest cities in [[North Brabant]]. The green area per house is about {{convert|100|m²|abbr=off}}.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.eindhoven.nl/web/show/id%3D352162/contentid%3D38296 |title = Eindhoven - Nieuwsbericht|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617181453/http://www.eindhoven.nl/web/show/id%3D352162/contentid%3D38296 |archive-date=17 June 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Some of the major parks in Eindhoven are the [[Stadswandelpark]], [[Genneper Parken]], the [[Philips van Lenneppark]], [[Philips de Jongh Wandelpark]] and the [[Henri Dunantpark]]. There is also a green area surrounding the [[Karpendonkse Plas]] (a water area). The combination of park area, water and general atmosphere got the Ooievaarsnest neighborhood elected the "Best large-city neighborhood of the Netherlands" by the [[NRC Handelsblad]] in 1997.<ref name="BestBuurt">{{cite news|url=http://retro.nrc.nl/W2/Lab/Profiel/Buurten/stad.html|date=18 September 1997|newspaper =[[NRC Handelsblad]]|title=Profiel: Buurten in Nederland|access-date=2 September 2010|language=nl}}</ref> ===Sport=== [[File:Psv stadion 2019.jpg|thumb|280px|The [[Philips Stadion]]]] *The premier sporting club of the city is [[PSV Eindhoven]], the professional football club playing in the [[Eredivisie]]. Their home base is the [[Philips Stadion]]. PSV won the 1988 [[UEFA Champions League|European Cup]] as well as [[List of Dutch football champions|25 Dutch championships]]. *[[FC Eindhoven]] is another football club based in Eindhoven, currently playing in the [[Eerste Divisie]]. *[[HC Oranje-Rood]] is the biggest field hockey club in Eindhoven and in fact one of the biggest clubs in the Netherlands. It is a combination of former clubs Oranje Zwart and EMHC. Oranje Zwart's men's team was the reigning Dutch champion for the past 3 years (14/15/16).<ref>{{cite news|title=Hockeyers Oranje Zwart voor de derde keer op rij kampioen|url=https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2016/05/08/hockeyers-oranje-zwart-voor-de-derde-keer-op-rij-kampioen-a1407411|newspaper=[[NRC Handelsblad]]|access-date=19 November 2016|language=nl|date=8 May 2016}}</ref> They also won the [[Euro Hockey League|EHL]] in 2015.<ref>{{cite news|title=Oranje Zwart wint EHL-finale na shoot-outs|url=http://nos.nl/artikel/2028857-oranje-zwart-wint-ehl-finale-na-shoot-outs.html|publisher=[[Nederlandse Omroep Stichting|NOS]]|access-date=19 November 2016|language=nl|date=6 April 2015}}</ref> *[[Eindhoven Kemphanen]] is the major [[ice hockey]] club in the city. They play in IJssportcentrum Eindhoven and compete in the [[North Sea Cup]]. *Eindhoven High Techs are the [[farm team|minor league affiliate]] of the [[Eindhoven Kemphanen]] and play in the [[Eerste Divisie (ice hockey)|Eerste Divisie]]. *Swimming pool complex De Tongelreep houses various pools for recreation, training and sports research supported by the [[Eindhoven University of Technology]] and several top sporting institutions. Its "[[Pieter van den Hoogenband]] Swimming Stadium" hosted the [[2008 European Aquatics Championships|2008 European Championships Swimming, Diving and Synchronised Swimming]], the 2010 [[IPC Swimming World Championships]], the [[2010 European Short Course Swimming Championships]], the [[2012 European Aquatics Championships|2012 European Championships Waterpolo, Diving and Synchronised Swimming]], the [[2013 FINA Swimming World Cup]], the [[2014 IPC European Swimming Championships]], the [[2017 FINA Swimming World Cup]] and the [[2018 FINA Swimming World Cup]]. *Eindhoven houses Europe's largest indoor skateboard park [[Area 51 (skatepark)]] and is home of a lively skateboard culture. *Eindhoven has two [[boxing]] clubs, The Golden Gloves and Muscle Fit. *Eindhoven hosted the 1999 [[World Table Tennis Championships]]. *Eindhoven Shamrocks Gaelic Football Club are an amateur sports team. The club was founded in 2013 and is based at Oude Bosschebaan 32, 5624 AA in Eindhoven.<ref>{{cite web|title=First training session of 2019|website = [[Facebook]]|url=https://www.facebook.com/events/2431786553519471/?event_time_id=2431786593519467|access-date=7 March 2019|date=6 March 2019}}</ref> The club is affiliated to the European County Board of the [[Gaelic Athletic Association]]. The Shamrocks have won the Benelux Shield Competition in 2017.<ref>{{cite web|title=Benelux Winners 2017|url=https://www.eindhovengaa.nl/2017-benelux-competition-rd-1-den-haag/|access-date=7 March 2019|date=2017|archive-date=8 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190308081315/https://www.eindhovengaa.nl/2017-benelux-competition-rd-1-den-haag/|url-status=dead}}</ref> *Eindhoven has a [[baseball]] club called PSV, which plays at the stadium which co-hosted the 2005 IBAF [[Baseball World Cup]]. *Eindhoven has an American Football team, {{Interlanguage link|Eindhoven Raptors|nl}}, which plays at the 1st division in the Dutch American Football League. *[[Strijp-S]] is a magnet for urban sports like skateboarding, [[BMX]] and [[bouldering]] as well as bootcamp classes. *Eindhoven has two [[Rugby union]] Clubs {{Interlanguage link|ESRC The Elephants|nl}} a student rugby club associated with the [[Eindhoven University of Technology]] and {{Interlanguage link|Rugbyclub Eindhoven|nl}} formerly known as RCE/PSV. ===Adult-orientated entertainment=== The centre of town features two [[casino]]s (one branch of [[Holland Casino]] and the independent Casino4Events). At the [[A67 motorway (Netherlands)|A67]] a Jack's casino is located. There is a red light district on the Baekelandplein, as well as four [[brothels]] throughout the city. There is also a [[Pornographic film|blue movie theater]]. ===Strijp-S=== {{Main|Strijp-S}} The old Philips factory complex has been transformed into a multi-purpose cultural and residential complex called [[Strijp-S]]. This includes conference and event space, space for concerts and events, art of lighting, space for sports such as BMX, bouldering, and more, a walking promenade, etc. ==Media== Eindhoven features several print media. The local newspaper, called the [[Eindhovens Dagblad]], is a daily newspaper with over 110,000 subscribers in the [[Samenwerkingsverband Regio Eindhoven]] region.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ed-adverteren.nl/verspreidingsgebied/commercieel/edd |title=Verspreidingsgebied |access-date=10 September 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100306174018/http://www.ed-adverteren.nl/verspreidingsgebied/commercieel/edd |archive-date=6 March 2010}}</ref> It has a national and international section, as well as a section dedicated to regional news; the editorial department is located in Eindhoven. In addition to the newspaper, Eindhoven is served by a number of weekly door-to-door publications. Chief among these is ''[[Groot Eindhoven]]'' (which carries publications of the city council, as well as other articles and advertisements). Other than that there are ''de Trompetter'', ''de Weekendkrant'' and the ''ZondagsNieuws''. The first two are delivered midweek, the last two are weekend publications. There are several regional and municipal radio stations. The local radio station is [[Studio040]], whereas [[Omroep Brabant]] and [[RoyaalFM]] provide regional radio. Local television is provided by [[Studio040]]. [[Omroep Brabant]] broadcasts regionally from its television studio in Son. Internet, television and telephone connectivity is available via cable television, [[optic fiber]] and [[ADSL]]. ==Transport== [[File:EindhovenAirport-Terminal-20071224.jpg|thumb|[[Eindhoven Airport]]]] [[File:Airport Eindhoven.jpg|right|thumb|220px|Eindhoven Airport]] ===Air traffic=== [[Eindhoven Airport]] is the closest airport, located approximately {{convert|8|km|0|abbr=off}} from the town centre. The airport serves as a military air base and a civilian commercial airport. Eindhoven Airport is the second-busiest in the Netherlands (after [[Amsterdam Airport Schiphol|Schiphol]]).{{Update|date=November 2021}} [[Ryanair]] serves [[London Stansted Airport]], Dublin, [[Kyiv]], Rome, [[Milan]], [[Pisa]], [[Bordeaux]], [[Marseille]], Glasgow, [[Madrid]], [[Valencia]], Stockholm, [[Kaunas]], [[Malta]], [[Sofia]] and [[Barcelona]]. [[Wizz air]] serves [[Belgrade]], [[Brno]], Bucharest-Otopeni, [[Budapest]], [[Cluj-Napoca]], [[Debrecen]], [[Gdańsk]], [[Katowice]], Prague, [[Riga]], [[Sofia]], [[Timișoara]], [[Vilnius]], [[Wrocław]]. In the summer season, [[Reykjavík]] is served with 2 weekly flights operated by [[Iceland Express]]. [[Transavia]] services [[Alicante]], [[Antalya]], [[Athens]], [[Bodrum]], [[Corfu]], [[Dalaman]], [[Faro, Portugal|Faro]], [[Gran Canaria]], [[Innsbruck]], [[Málaga]], [[Mallorca]], Munich, [[Prague]], [[Rhodes (city)|Rhodes]] and [[Salzburg]], though some destinations are served only seasonally. Eindhoven Airport served more than 6.2 million passengers in 2018. [[File:Station Eindhoven Centraal (2023).jpg|thumb|[[Eindhoven Centraal railway station|Eindhoven Central Station]]]] === Rail traffic === Eindhoven is a rail transport hub. [[Eindhoven railway station|Eindhoven Centraal railway station]] is the main station in Eindhoven. It has connections in the directions of: *[[Tilburg]] – [[Breda]] – [[Rotterdam]] – [[Delft]] – [[The Hague]]<ref name="ns.nl">{{cite web |url=http://www.ns.nl/vertrekstaten/ehv4.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=17 January 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402143354/http://www.ns.nl/vertrekstaten/ehv4.pdf |archive-date=2 April 2015}}</ref> *[['s-Hertogenbosch]] – [[Utrecht]] – [[Amsterdam]] – [[Alkmaar]]/[[Enkhuizen]]<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web |url=http://www.ns.nl/vertrekstaten/ehv2.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=17 January 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402115817/http://www.ns.nl/vertrekstaten/ehv2.pdf |archive-date=2 April 2015}}</ref> *[['s-Hertogenbosch]] – [[Utrecht]] – Amsterdam Zuid – [[Amsterdam Airport Schiphol|Schiphol Airport]]<ref name="autogenerated1"/> *[[Helmond]] – [[Venlo]]-(international connections into Germany)<ref name="ns.nl"/> *[[Weert]] – [[Roermond]] – [[Sittard]] – [[Maastricht]]/[[Heerlen]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ns.nl/vertrekstaten/ehv3.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=17 January 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402132322/http://www.ns.nl/vertrekstaten/ehv3.pdf |archive-date=2 April 2015}}</ref> Eindhoven Centraal is served by both intercity and local services while the smaller station, [[Eindhoven Strijp-S railway station|Eindhoven Strijp-S]] is only served by local trains. Towards 's-Hertogenbosch, Utrecht and Amsterdam trains run every ten minutes, on every day of the week. [[Eindhoven Stadion railway station|Eindhoven Stadion]] is a small station that serves [[Philips Stadion]] in the event of football matches or other special events at the stadium. It is located 900m west of the [[Eindhoven railway station|main station]]. Up until [[World War II]], a train service connected Amsterdam to [[Liège]] via Eindhoven and [[Valkenswaard]], but the service was discontinued and the line broken up. Recently,{{when|date=November 2021}} talks have resumed to have a service to [[Neerpelt]], [[Belgium]] via [[Weert]]. === Roads and highways === The [[A2 motorway (Netherlands)|A2]]/[[European route E25|E25]] motorway from [[Amsterdam]] to [[Luxembourg]] passes Eindhoven to the west and south of the city. The A2 connects to the highway [[A58 motorway (Netherlands)|A58]] to [[Tilburg]] and [[Breda]] just north of the city. Just south of Eindhoven, the A2 connects to the [[A67 motorway (Netherlands)|A67]] / [[European route E34|E34]] between [[Antwerp]] and [[Duisburg]]. In 2006, the [[List of motorways in the Netherlands|A50]] was completed connecting Eindhoven to [[Nijmegen]] and [[Zwolle]]. === Local public transit === The public transport of Eindhoven consists of more than 20 [[Transit bus|city bus]] lines, which also serve neighbouring villages such as [[Veldhoven]], [[Geldrop]] and [[Nuenen]]. Nine of these buslines (400–408) are marketed as [[Bus rapid transit|high quality public transport]] and run with 43 electric articulated buses. Two specially built separated busways (HOV1 & HOV2) are used by lines 400 to 408. Line 401 to the airport runs almost completely on separated busways. Apart from the city lines there are some 30 regional and [[Rush hour|rush-hour]] lines. ===Bicycle infrastructure=== Akin to [[Cycling in the Netherlands|all large Dutch cities]], Eindhoven has an extensive network of [[bicycle path]]s. Since 2012, the Eindhoven bicycle path network has incorporated the [[Hovenring]]. ==Medical care== Eindhoven has two hospitals in three locations: the [[Catharina Ziekenhuis|Catharina Hospital]] and the [[Máxima Medisch Centrum]], which has a branch in Woensel-Zuid (the old Diaconessenhuis) and one in [[Veldhoven]] (the old Sint Joseph Hospital). These three have an extensive cooperation and have divided specialties among each other. Emergency medicine, for example, is concentrated in the MMC Veldhoven branch and the Catharina Hospital, the MMC Eindhoven branch has no emergency department. Cardiac procedures are done in the Catharina. Catharina is also an academic and research hospital and participates in a shared research program with [[Philips Medical]], the [[Eindhoven University of Technology]] and the [[Maastricht University]] into [[biomedical science]], [[biomedical technology|technology]] and [[biomedical engineering|engineering]]. ==People== [[File:Standbeeld Frits Philips.jpg|thumb|right|Statue of Frits Philips in Eindhoven]] * [[Kees Bol]] (1916–2009), painter and art educator * [[Jan de Bont]] (born 1943), film director * [[Pieter Celie]] (born 1942), artist * [[Hugo Brandt Corstius]] (1935–2014), writer * [[Rene Daniels]] (born 1950), painter * [[Lonneke Engel]] (born 1981), fashion model * [[Jalila Essaïdi]] (born 1980), artist and entrepreneur * [[Johan Frederik Rudolph van Hooff|Jan van Hooff]] (1755–1816), statesman * [[Death of Nicole van den Hurk|Nicole van den Hurk]] (1980–1995), homicide victim * [[Ton de Leeuw (organizational theorist)|Ton de Leeuw]], (born 1941), organizational theorist * [[Theo Maassen]] (born 1966), comedian and actor * [[Tom van den Nieuwenhuijzen]] (born 1982), politician * [[Frits Philips]] (1905–2005), businessman, son of Anton Philips * [[Gerard Philips]] (1858–1942) and [[Anton Philips]] (1874–1951), founders of the [[Philips]] company * [[Bas Rutten]] (born 1965), MMA sportsman, color commentator, actor ;Music * [[Brooks (DJ)|Brooks]] (born 1995), DJ and record producer * [[Maddix (DJ)]] (born 1990), DJ and record producer * [[Patrick van Deurzen]] (born 1964), composer * [[Sander van Doorn]] (born 1979), techno/trance music DJ and producer * [[Peter Koelewijn]] (born 1940), musician and record producer * [[Lenny Kuhr]] (born 1950), singer-songwriter * [[Party In Backyard]], YouTuber and record producer * [[Piet Souer]] (born 1945), record producer ;Sport {{div col}} * [[Peter Aerts]] (born 1970), kickboxer * [[Christijan Albers]] (born 1979), Formula One racing driver * [[Imke Bartels]] (born 1977), equestrian * [[Tineke Bartels]] (born 1951), equestrian * [[Arthur Borren]] (born 1949), field hockey player * [[Jan Borren]] (born 1947), field hockey player and coach * [[Phillip Cocu]] (born 1970), football player * [[Coen Dillen]], (1926–1990), former [[PSV Eindhoven]] footballer * [[Cody Gakpo]] (born 1999), football player * [[Paul Haarhuis]] (born 1966), tennis player * [[François van Kruijsdijk]] (born 1952), medley swimmer * [[Patrick Lodewijks]] (born 1967), football goalkeeper * [[Niels Raaijmakers]] (born 2000), football player * [[Rob Reckers]] (born 1981), (field) hockey player * [[Rik Smits]] (born 1966), basketball player * [[Margje Teeuwen]] (born 1974), field hockey midfielder * [[Rick VandenHurk]] (born 1985), baseball player * [[Tisha Volleman]] (born 1999), artistic gymnast * [[Cor Vriend]] (born 1949), long-distance runner, currently manager for long-distance runner * [[Remmert Wielinga]] (born 1978), professional road bicycle racer * [[Robert de Wit]] (born 1962), decathlete and bobsledder * [[Klaas-Erik Zwering]] (born 1981), swimmer {{div col end}} ==Twin towns – sister cities== {{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in the Netherlands}} Eindhoven is [[Sister city|twinned]] with: {{div col|colwidth=20em}} *{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Bayeux]], France<ref>{{cite web |title=Les villes jumelles|url=https://www.bayeux.fr/fr/vivre-bayeux/les-villes-jumelles|website=bayeux.fr|publisher=Bayeux|language=fr|access-date=3 November 2019}}</ref> *{{flagicon|POL}} [[Białystok]], Poland<ref>{{cite web|title=Współpraca zagraniczna|url=https://www.bialystok.pl/pl/dla_mieszkancow/wschodzacy_bialystok/wspolpraca-zagraniczna.html|website=bialystok.pl|publisher=Białystok|language=pl|access-date=3 November 2019|archive-date=10 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010084955/https://www.bialystok.pl/pl/dla_mieszkancow/wschodzacy_bialystok/wspolpraca-zagraniczna.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> *{{flagicon|NIC}} [[Chinandega]], Nicaragua<ref>{{cite web|title=Quienes Somos|url=http://www.chinantlan.org/quienes%20somos.html|website=chinantlan.org|publisher=Chinantlan|language=es|access-date=15 June 2020|archive-date=3 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603010521/http://www.chinantlan.org/quienes%20somos.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> *{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Kadoma, Osaka|Kadoma]], Japan<ref>{{cite web |title=リンク集|url=https://www.city.kadoma.osaka.jp/soshiki/kikakuzaisei/5/3415.html|website=city.kadoma.osaka.jp|publisher=Kadoma|language=ja|access-date=15 June 2020}}</ref> *{{flagicon|BLR}} [[Minsk]], Belarus<ref>{{cite web|title=Twin towns of Minsk|url=https://minsk.gov.by/en/city/|website=minsk.gov.by|publisher=Minsk|access-date=12 January 2020|archive-date=9 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200909212350/https://minsk.gov.by/en/city/|url-status=dead}}</ref> *{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Nanjing]], China<ref>{{cite web |title=Eindhoven's sister city Nanjing shines light on Eindhoven|url=https://eindhovennews.com/features/2019/09/eindhovens-sister-city-nanjing-shines-light-on-eindhoven/|website=eindhovennews.com|publisher=Eindhoven News|date=10 September 2019|access-date=12 January 2020}}</ref> {{div col end}} ==See also== *[[List of cities in the Netherlands by province#North Brabant]] *[[Jewish Eindhoven]] *[[BrabantStad]] ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Bibliography== {{See also|Timeline of Eindhoven#Bibliography|l1=Bibliography of the history of Eindhoven}} ==External links== {{Commons category-inline|Eindhoven}} {{Wikivoyage inline}} *[http://www.eindhoven.nl/ Official website] <!--Please note that not all directions need to be filled--> <!--Please note that only DIRECTLY ADJACENT municipalities or bodies of water should be used as standardized for all other municipalities--> {{Geographic location |Centre = Eindhoven |North = [[Best, Netherlands|Best]], [[Son en Breugel]] |East = [[Nuenen, Gerwen en Nederwetten|Nuenen c.a.]]<br />[[Geldrop-Mierlo]] |Southeast = [[Heeze-Leende]] |South = [[Waalre]] |Southwest = [[Veldhoven]] |West = [[Eersel]] |Northwest = [[Oirschot]] }} {{North Brabant Province}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Eindhoven| ]] [[Category:Cities in the Netherlands]] [[Category:Municipalities of North Brabant]] [[Category:Populated places in North Brabant]]
Edit summary
(Briefly describe your changes)
By publishing changes, you agree to the
Terms of Use
, and you irrevocably agree to release your contribution under the
CC BY-SA 4.0 License
and the
GFDL
. You agree that a hyperlink or URL is sufficient attribution under the Creative Commons license.
Cancel
Editing help
(opens in new window)
Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page
(
help
)
:
Template:As of
(
edit
)
Template:Authority control
(
edit
)
Template:Citation
(
edit
)
Template:Citation needed
(
edit
)
Template:Cite Collins Dictionary
(
edit
)
Template:Cite book
(
edit
)
Template:Cite news
(
edit
)
Template:Cite web
(
edit
)
Template:Commons category-inline
(
edit
)
Template:Convert
(
edit
)
Template:Div col
(
edit
)
Template:Div col end
(
edit
)
Template:Dutch municipality population urbanmetro
(
edit
)
Template:Flagicon
(
edit
)
Template:For timeline
(
edit
)
Template:Geographic location
(
edit
)
Template:IPA
(
edit
)
Template:IPAc-en
(
edit
)
Template:ISBN
(
edit
)
Template:Ill
(
edit
)
Template:Infobox settlement
(
edit
)
Template:Interlanguage link
(
edit
)
Template:Main
(
edit
)
Template:North Brabant Province
(
edit
)
Template:Pie chart
(
edit
)
Template:Reflist
(
edit
)
Template:Respell
(
edit
)
Template:See also
(
edit
)
Template:Short description
(
edit
)
Template:Update
(
edit
)
Template:Use dmy dates
(
edit
)
Template:Weather box
(
edit
)
Template:Webarchive
(
edit
)
Template:When
(
edit
)
Template:Which
(
edit
)
Template:Wikivoyage inline
(
edit
)