Editing Elections in Poland

{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}}
{{Politics of Poland}}
[[Poland]] has a [[multi-party system|multi-party political system]]. On the national level, Poland elects the [[head of state]] – the president – and a legislature. There are also various [[local elections in Poland|local elections]], [[Referendums in Poland|referendums]] and elections to the [[European Parliament]].

Poland has a long history of public elections dating back several centuries, beginning with the elections to [[Sejm]] in [[Łęczyca]] (known as the First Sejm) in 1182. Notably, since the Sejm of 1493, Polish [[king]]s were obliged to call regular Sejms and regional elections ([[sejmik]]s) every two years. From 1573 until 1795 the state system of [[elective monarchy]] in Poland required the [[Royal elections in Poland|royal elections of monarchs]] as well during the Sejm proceedings.<ref name="opis"/>

[[1919 Polish legislative election|The first modern and free elections]] in 20th-century Poland were held in 1919, two months after the country regained independence in 1918 after [[Partitions of Poland|over a century of partition and occupation by foreign powers]]. After the [[Second World War]], Poland fell into the Soviet sphere of influence as a [[satellite state]] and became controlled by the communists, who rigged the [[1947 Polish legislative election|elections of 1947]] to ensure they controlled the entire Polish government. There were regular elections in Poland from that time on; however, no elections until the [[1989 Polish legislative election|groundbreaking elections of 1989]], marking the [[fall of communism]], were free. The Polish communists secured a majority of the lower house seats in 1989, but allowed opposition parties to take up seats.

==Result in history==
{{TOC_limit|2}}
<!--DO NOT delete.-->
{{Election results
|image=[[File:Poland Sejm 1989.svg]]
|firstround=Constituency (competitive)|secondround=Constituency (reserved)|thirdround=National list
|party1=Polish United Workers' Party|votes1_2=22734348|seats1_2=156|votes1_3=132845385|seats1_3=17|totseats1=173|sc1=-72
|party2=United People's Party (Poland)|United People's Party|votes2_2=8865102|seats2_2=67|votes2_3=74921230|seats2_3=9|totseats2=76|sc2=-30|color2=#A4BA45
|party3=Alliance of Democrats (Poland)|Democratic Party|votes3_2=3961124|seats3_2=24|votes3_3=24814903|seats3_3=3|totseats3=27|sc3=-8|color3=#6495ED
|party4=PAX Association|votes4_2=1216681|seats4_2=7|votes4_3=24269761|seats4_3=3|totseats4=10|sc4=+10|color4=#000000
|party5=Christian-Social Union|votes5_2=907901|seats5_2=6|votes5_3=16601896|seats5_3=2|totseats5=8|sc5=+8|color5=#00FFFF
|party6=Polish Catholic-Social Association|votes6_2=681199|seats6_2=4|votes6_3=8029911|seats6_3=1|totseats6=5|sc6=+5|color6=#1465A4
|party7=Solidarity Citizens' Committee|votes7=16433809|seats7=161|totseats7=161|sc7=+161
|color8=#DDDDBB|party8=Minor opposition|votes8=171866|seats8=0|totseats8=0|sc8=0
|party9=Confederation of Independent Poland|votes9=122132|seats9=0|totseats9=0|sc9=0
|party10=Independents|votes10=4937750|seats10=0|totseats10=0|sc10=-74
|total_sc=0
}}

==History==
{{main|Sejm of the Republic of Poland#Sejm of the Kingdom of Poland and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth|Offices of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth|List of Polish kings|Golden Freedom}}

The first Polish Sejm was called in 1182. Since the Sejm of 1493, called by king [[John I Olbracht]] in 1493, Sejms were to be held every 2 years. There were also special Sejms when needed, for example the [[Royal elections in Poland#Procedure|coronation sejm]]s.<ref name="opis">{{cite web |url=http://opis.sejm.gov.pl/en/historiasejmu.php |title=Poznaj Sejm |trans-title=Learn about Polish Parliament |publisher=Sejm Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej |access-date=16 June 2013 |author=Kancelaria |archive-date=15 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015145404/http://opis.sejm.gov.pl/en/historiasejmu.php |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The most famous Sejms included the [[Sejm Niemy]] or the Silent Sejm of 1717 which marked the beginning of Russian control over Polish internal affairs; the subsequent [[Repnin Sejm]] or the Sejm of 1767/1768, whose terms were dictated by the Russian ambassador [[Repnin]]; the [[Great Sejm]] – or the Four-Years Sejm of 1798–1792, which voted for the [[May Constitution of Poland]]; and the [[Grodno Sejm]] – last Sejm of the First Republic.

Since the death of [[Sigismund II Augustus]], last of the [[Jagiellonian dynasty]], and following a brief period of [[interregnum]], the entire [[nobility]] ([[szlachta]]) of the Commonwealth (10% of the population) could take part in the [[Elective monarchy|elections of the monarchs]]. Last elected king was [[Stanisław August Poniatowski]] in 1764. He [[abdicated]] in 1795 after the [[partitions of Poland]] ended the existence of sovereign state of Poland for 123 years.

It is disputed how free were elections held after 1926; in particular, the 1930 elections are often considered to have been non-free [[:pl:Wybory brzeskie]]. Polish presidents were elected by the Sejm and Senate ([[Zgromadzenie Narodowe]]), not in a popular vote. Before 1922, the Polish [[Chief of State]] was called ''[[Naczelnik Państwa]]''.
[[File:Gmach Sejmu od strony ulicy Piotra Maszyńskiego.jpg|thumb|[[Sejm and Senate Complex of Poland]]]]
Only the 1947 and 1989 elections can be considered as partially free. All others were controlled during that period. There were no direct presidential elections until 1990, with President [[Bolesław Bierut]]'s nomination in 1947 by the Sejm and the abolition of the office by the 1952 constitution.

===Polish elections 1573 to 1985===
====[[Royal elections in Poland|Polish election, Royal elections]]====
*1st [[1573 Polish–Lithuanian royal election]]
*2nd [[1576 Polish–Lithuanian royal election]]
*3rd [[1587 Polish–Lithuanian royal election]]
*4th [[1632 Polish–Lithuanian royal election]]
*5th [[1648 Polish–Lithuanian royal election]]
*6th [[1669 Polish–Lithuanian royal election]]
*7th [[1674 Polish–Lithuanian royal election]]
*8th [[1697 Polish–Lithuanian royal election]]
*9th [[1704 Polish–Lithuanian royal election]]
*10th [[1733 Polish–Lithuanian royal election]]
*11th [[1764 Polish–Lithuanian royal election]]

====[[President of Poland|Presidential elections]]====
*1st [[Polish presidential election, 9 December 1922|Polish election, 1922 (9 Dec)]]
*2nd [[Polish presidential election, 1922 (special)|Polish election, 1922 (20 Dec)]]
*3rd [[May 1926 Polish presidential election|Polish election, 1926 (May)]]
*4th [[June 1926 Polish presidential election|Polish election, 1926 (Jun)]]
*5th [[1933 Polish presidential election|Polish election, 1933]]
*6th [[1947 Polish presidential election|Polish election, 1947]]

====[[Sejm|Legislative elections]]====
*1st [[1919 Polish legislative election|Polish election, 1919]]
*2nd [[1922 Polish legislative election|Polish election, 1922]]
*3rd [[1928 Polish legislative election|Polish election, 1928]]
*4th [[1930 Polish legislative election|Polish election, 1930]]
*5th [[1935 Polish legislative election|Polish election, 1935]]
*6th [[1938 Polish legislative election|Polish election, 1938]]
*7th [[1947 Polish legislative election|Polish election, 1947]]
*8th [[1952 Polish legislative election|Polish election, 1952]]
*9th [[1957 Polish legislative election|Polish election, 1957]]
*10th [[1961 Polish legislative election|Polish election, 1961]]
*11th [[1965 Polish legislative election|Polish election, 1965]]
*12th [[1969 Polish legislative election|Polish election, 1969]]
*13th [[1972 Polish legislative election|Polish election, 1972]]
*14th [[1976 Polish legislative election|Polish election, 1976]]
*15th [[1980 Polish legislative election|Polish election, 1980]]
*16th [[1985 Polish legislative election|Polish election, 1985]]

== Post-Communist Poland ==
[[Image:Lech i Maria Kaczynscy.jpg|thumb|200px|left|[[Lech Kaczyński]] and [[Maria Kaczyńska]] in 2006]]
Since 1991, Polish elections operate according to a typical [[representative democracy]].

Poland has a [[multi-party]] [[political system]], with numerous [[political parties|parties]] in which no party often has any chance of gaining power by itself, and parties must work with each other to form [[coalition government]]s.

Poland elects on national level a [[head of state]] – the president –  and a legislature. The president is elected for a five-year term by the people. The [[National Assembly of Poland|National Assembly]] has two [[bicameralism|chambers]]. The parliament (''[[Sejm]]'') has 460 members, elected for a four-year term by [[Party-list proportional representation|party lists]] in multi-seat [[constituency|constituencies]] with a 5% threshold for single parties and 8% threshold for coalitions, (requirement waived for national minorities). The ''[[Senate of Poland|Senate]]'' (''Senat'') has 100 members elected for a four-year term via the first past-the-post system, with 100 single member constituencies. Prior to the 2011 parliamentary elections, elections to the Senate were conducted through plurality bloc voting in 40 multi-seat [[constituency|constituencies]]. Since 1991, elections have been supervised by [[National Electoral Commission (Poland)|National Electoral Commission]] (''Państwowa Komisja Wyborcza''), whose [[public administration|administrative division]] is called the National Electoral Office (''Krajowe Biuro Wyborcze''

[[File:Procentowe_wyniki_wyborów_do_Sejmu.png|thumb|300px]]

===End of Communist rule===
====1989 parliamentary elections====
{{main|1989 Polish legislative election}}{{see also|Contract Sejm}}

1989 Parliamentary Election: the [[Polish Round Table Agreement]] produced a partly open parliamentary election. The June election produced a [[Sejm]] (lower house), in which one-third of the seats went to communists and one-third went to the two parties which had hitherto been their coalition partners. The remaining one-third of the seats in the Sejm and all those in the [[Senate of Poland|Senate]] were freely contested; the majority of these were by candidates supported by [[Solidarity (Polish trade union)|Solidarity]]. Jaruzelski was elected by the Sejm as [[President of Poland]].

The [[1990 Polish local elections|May 1990 local elections]] were entirely free. Candidates supported by Solidarity's Citizens' Committees won most of the elections they contested, although voter turnout was only a little over 40%. The cabinet was reshuffled in July 1990; the national defence and interior affairs ministers (hold-overs from the previous communist government) were among those replaced.

====1990 presidential election====
{{main|1990 Polish presidential election}}

In October 1990, the constitution was amended to curtail the term of President Jaruzelski. In December, [[Lech Wałęsa]] became the first popularly elected President of Poland.

====1991 parliamentary election====
{{main|1991 Polish parliamentary election}}

Poland's [[1991 Polish parliamentary election|first free parliamentary elections]] were held in 1991. More than 100 parties participated, representing the full spectrum of political views. No single party received more than 13% of the total vote.

====1993 parliamentary election====
{{main|1993 Polish parliamentary election}}

After a rough start, the [[1993 Polish parliamentary election|second group of elections]] were held in 1993, and the first parliament to serve a full term. The [[Democratic Left Alliance (Poland)|Democratic Left Alliance]] (SLD) received the largest share of votes.

After the election, the SLD and [[Polish People's Party]] (PSL) formed a governing coalition. [[Waldemar Pawlak]], leader of the junior partner PSL, became prime minister, later replaced by SLD's leader [[Józef Oleksy]].

====1995 presidential election====
{{main|1995 Polish presidential election}}

In November 1995, Poland held its [[1995 Polish presidential election|second post-war free presidential election]]. SLD leader [[Aleksander Kwaśniewski]] defeated Wałęsa by a narrow margin—51.7% to 48.3%.

====1997 parliamentary election====
{{main|1997 Polish parliamentary election}}

In 1997 [[1997 Polish parliamentary election|parliamentary elections]] two parties with roots in the Solidarity movement – [[Solidarity Electoral Action]] (AWS) and the [[Freedom Union (Poland)|Freedom Union]] (UW) – won 261 of the 460 seats in the Sejm and formed a coalition government. [[Jerzy Buzek]] of the AWS became prime minister.  The AWS and the Democratic Left Allianc (SLD) held the majority of the seats in the Sejm. [[Marian Krzaklewski]] was the leader of the AWS, and [[Leszek Miller]] led the SLD. In June 2000, UW withdrew from the governing coalition, leaving AWS at the helm of a minority government.

===Post-2000 elections===
====2000 presidential election====
{{main|2000 Polish presidential election}}

In the [[2000 Polish presidential election|presidential election]] of 2000, [[Aleksander Kwaśniewski]], the incumbent former leader of the post-communist [[Democratic Left Alliance (Poland)|Democratic Left Alliance]] (SLD), was re-elected in the first round of voting, with 53.9% of the popular vote. Second place, with only 17.3%, went to [[Andrzej Olechowski]]. It is thought{{Who|date=April 2010}} that the opposition campaign was hindered by their inability to put forward a charismatic (or even a single major) candidate, as well as falling support for the centre-right [[Solidarity Electoral Action]] (AWS) government. This was related to internal friction in the ruling parliamentary coalition.

====2001 parliamentary election====
{{main|2001 Polish parliamentary election}}

The [[Constitution of Poland|1997 Constitution]] and the changed administrative divisions of 1999 required a revision of the electoral system, which was passed in April 2001. The most important changes included: 
# the final liquidation of the party list (previously, some of the members of parliament were elected from a party list, based on nationwide voter support, rather than from local constituencies),
# modification of the method of allocating seats to the [[Sainte-Laguë method]], which gave less premium to large parties. The latter change was reverted to the [[d'Hondt method]] in 2002.

In the [[2001 Polish parliamentary election|September 2001 parliamentary elections]], the SLD won on the back of voter disillusionment with the AWS government and internal bickering within that bloc. So much so that this former ruling party did not enter parliament, falling below the 8% threshold for coalitions (they had failed to form a formal political party, which has only a 5% threshold, and formally remained a "coalition" of parties).

The SLD formed a coalition with the agrarian [[Polish Peasant Party]] and leftist [[Labour Union (Poland)|Labour Union]] (UP), with [[Leszek Miller]] as prime minister.

====2005 presidential and parliament election====
{{main|2005 Polish parliamentary election|2005 Polish presidential election}}

In the autumn of 2005 Poles voted in both parliamentary and presidential elections. [[2005 Polish parliamentary election|September's parliamentary poll]] was expected to produce a coalition of two centre-right parties, [[Law and Justice (Poland)|Law and Justice]] (''Prawo i Sprawiedliwość, PiS'') and [[Civic Platform]] (''Platforma Obywatelska, PO''). PiS eventually gained 27% of votes cast and became the largest party in the sejm ahead of PO on 24%. The out-going ruling party, the left-wing [[Democratic Left Alliance (Poland)|Democratic Left Alliance]] (''Sojusz Lewicy Demokratycznej, SLD''), achieved just 11%. [[2005 Polish presidential election|Presidential elections in October]] followed a similar script. The early favourite, [[Donald Tusk]], leader of the PO, saw his opinion poll lead slip away and was beaten 54% to 46% in the second round by the PiS candidate [[Lech Kaczyński]] (one of the twins, founders of the party).  Both elections were blighted by low turn-outs—only 51% in the second and deciding round of the presidential election, and just over 40% in the parliamentary election. The suggested cause of the low turnout is popular disillusionment with politicians.

====2006 local elections====
{{main|2006 Polish local elections}}

====2007 parliamentary election====
{{main|2007 Polish parliamentary election}}

In the October parliamentary elections, the Civic Platform (PO) won a stunning victory, the largest opposition party, which gained more than 41% of the popular vote. PiS's vote increased, from 2005, but insufficiently to gain reelection, whilst both Samoobrona and LPR were wiped out, losing all representation, each having gained only a little over 1% of the vote. PO proceeded to form a majority governing coalition with the agrarian Polish People's Party (PSL), with PO leader, Donald Tusk, taking over the prime ministerial office in November 2007.

====2010 presidential election====
{{main|2010 Polish presidential election}}

On 10 April 2010, multiple members of the political elite were killed in the [[2010 Polish Air Force Tu-154 crash|Smolensk air crash]], including [[Lech Kaczyński]], acting President of Poland.

At the [[2010 Polish presidential election|presidential election in 2010]], [[Donald Tusk]] decided not to present his candidature, considered easily winning over PiS leader [[Jarosław Kaczyński]]. At PO [[Partisan primary|primary election]]s, [[Bronisław Komorowski]] defeated the Oxford-educated Foreign Minister [[Radosław Sikorski]]. At the polls, Komorowski defeated [[Jarosław Kaczyński]], ensuring a PO dominance on all Polish political landscape.<ref name=WBJ>[http://www.wbj.pl/blog/The_business_of_politics/post-254-civic-platform-almighty.htm Warsaw Business Journal] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101220053333/http://www.wbj.pl/blog/The_business_of_politics/post-254-civic-platform-almighty.htm |date=20 December 2010}}</ref>

In November 2010, local elections granted about 31 percent of the votes and PiS at 23 percent, an increase for the former and a drop for the latter compared to the 2006 elections. PO succeeded in winning four consecutive elections a record in post-communist Poland.<ref name=WBJ/>

====2011 parliamentary election====
{{main|2011 Polish parliamentary election}}

The parliamentary election to both the [[Sejm of the Republic of Poland|Sejm]] and the [[Senate of the Republic of Poland|Senate]] was held on 9 October 2011. The previous election, in 2007, resulted in a [[Civic Platform]]–[[Polish People's Party]] (PSL) government. All seats of both houses were up for re-election.

Civic Platform (PO), led by Prime Minister [[Donald Tusk]], was aiming for re-election: a feat that hadn't been achieved since Poland became a democracy. The PSL was previously the smaller partner to the Civic Platform in the governing coalition, and had said that it wished to continue this relationship after the election.<ref>{{cite news|title=PSL want to continue coalition in next year's general election|url=http://www.thenews.pl/national/?id=143700|publisher=Polskie Radio|work=TheNews.pl|date=18 November 2010|access-date=20 December 2010}}</ref>

====2015 parliamentary election====
{{main|2015 Polish parliamentary election}}

The parliamentary election to both the [[Sejm of the Republic of Poland|Sejm]] and the [[Senate of the Republic of Poland|Senate]] was held in October 2015. The previous election, in 2011, resulted in a [[Civic Platform]]–[[Polish People's Party]] (PSL) government. All seats of both houses are up for re-election.

The process of election for the Sejm is through [[party-list proportional representation]] via the [[D'Hondt method]] in multi-seat [[constituency|constituencies]],<ref name="electionresources">{{cite web|url=http://electionresources.org/pl/|title=Election Resources on the Internet: Elections to the Polish Sejm, Part I|first1=Manuel|last1=Álvarez-Rivera|access-date=2017-05-24}}</ref> with a 5% threshold for single parties and 8% threshold for coalitions (requirements waived for national minorities). 
The following coalition has been signed already: Law and Justice (PiS) between United Poland (SP) and Polska Razem (PR).
====2019 European elections====
{{main|2019 European Parliament election in Poland}}
{{Election results
|alliance1=[[United Right (Poland)|United Right]]|aspan1=5
|party1=[[Law and Justice (Poland)|Law and Justice]]|votes1=4775790|seats1=21|sc1=+6
|party2=[[United Poland|Solidary Poland]]|votes2=289536|seats2=1|sc2=+1
|party3=[[Agreement (political party)|Agreement]]|votes3=287671|seats3=1|sc3=+1
|party4=Independents and others|votes4=839783|seats4=4|sc4=+1|color4={{party color|Independent politician}}
|atotal5=6192780|aseats5=27|sc5=+8
|alliance6=[[European Coalition (Poland)|European Coalition]]|aspan6=5
|party6=[[Civic Platform]]|votes6=2904440|seats6=12|sc6=−3
|party7=[[Democratic Left Alliance (Poland)|Democratic Left Alliance]]|votes7=812584|seats7=5|sc7=+1
|party8=[[Polish People's Party]]|votes8=617772|seats8=3|sc8=−1
|party9=Independents and others|votes9=915139|seats9=2|sc9=–2|color9={{party color|Independent politician}}
|atotal10=5249935|aseats10=22|sc10=−6
|alliance11=[[Spring (political party)|Spring]]|votes11=826975|seats11=3|sc11=New
|alliance12=[[Confederation Liberty and Independence|Confederation]]|votes12=621188|seats12=0|sc12=0
|alliance13=[[Kukiz'15]]|votes13=503564|seats13=0|sc13=New
|alliance14=[[Left Together]]|votes14=168745|seats14=0|sc14=–1
|alliance15=[[Poland Fair Play]]|votes15=74013|seats15=0|sc15=New|acolor15=#E23727
|alliance16=[[Congress of the New Right|PolEXIT-Coalition]]|votes16=7900|seats16=0|sc16=–4
|alliance17=Unity of Nation|votes17=2211|seats17=0|sc17=New|acolor17=#BF1E2E
|invalid=113663
|total_sc=+1
|electorate=30118852
|source=[https://pe2019.pkw.gov.pl/pe2019/pl PKW]
}}
====2019 parliamentary election====
{{main|2019 Polish parliamentary election}}

The '''2019 Polish parliamentary elections''' were held on 13 October 2019. All 460 members of the [[Sejm]] and 100 senators of the [[Senate of Poland|Senate]] were elected. The ruling [[Law and Justice (Poland)|Law and Justice]] (PiS) retained its majority in the Sejm, but lost its majority in the Senate to the opposition. With 43.6% of the popular vote, Law and Justice received the highest vote share by any party since Poland returned to democracy in 1989. The turnout was the highest for a parliamentary election since the first [[1989 Polish parliamentary election|free elections]] after the fall of communism in 1989.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.tvn24.pl/tvn24-news-in-english,157,m/polish-parliementary-vote-highest-turnout-since-1989,977832.html|title=Poland celebrates record voter turnout since 1989 elections|agency=[[TVN24]]|access-date=18 October 2019}}</ref> For the first time after 1989, the ruling party controls one house (Sejm) and opposition controls the second (Senate).

{|class="wikitable centre" style="text-align:right"
|-
!scope="col" colspan=2 | Electoral Committee (Sejm)
!scope="col"| Votes
!scope="col"| %
!scope="col"| Seats
!scope="col"| +/-
|-
| bgcolor="#073a76" |
|align=left|[[Law and Justice (Poland)|Law and Justice]] (PiS)
| 8,051,935
| 43.59
| 235
| align=center|  -5
|-
| bgcolor="#fca241" |
|align=left| [[Civic Coalition (Poland)|Civic Coalition]] (KO)
| 5,060,355
| 27.40
| 134
| align=center|  -32
|-
| bgcolor="#ac145a" |
|align=left| [[The Left (Poland)|The Left]] (SLD) 
| 2,319,946
| 12.56
| 49
| align=center| +49
|-
| bgcolor="#1bb100" |
|align=left|[[Polish Coalition]] (PSL)
| 1,578,523
| 8.55
| 30
| align=center|  -28
|-
| bgcolor=#122948| 
|align=left|[[Confederation Freedom and Independence|Confederation]] (KWiN) 
| 1,256,953
| 6.81
| 11
| align=center|  +7
|-
| bgcolor="#0780c4" |
|align=left| [[German Minority Electoral Committee|German Minority]] (MN)
| 32,094
| 0.17
| 1
| align=center| ±0
|-
| colspan=8|
|-
| style="background:#DA251D;"|
|align=left| [[Nonpartisan local government activists]] (BS)
| 144,569
| 0.78
| 0
| align=center| ±0
|-
| style="background:#FA0032;"|
|align=left| Effective (Skuteczni) 
| 18,918
| 0.10
| 0
| align=center| -1
|-
| style="background:#25004F;"|
|align=left| Action of Disappointed Retirees and Pensioners (AZER) 
| 5,448
| 0.03
| 0
| align=center|±0
|-
| style="background:#021C72;"|
|align=left| [[Right Wing of the Republic]] (PR)
| 1,765
| 0.01
| 0
| align=center| -1
|-bgcolor="#ffffff"
| colspan="6" |
|-
|align=left colspan=2 | Valid votes
| {{formatnum:18470710}}
| 98.89
| rowspan=2 colspan=3 style="background-color:#F4F4F4;" | 
|-
|align=left colspan=2 | Blank and invalid votes
| {{formatnum:207747}}
| 1.11
|-
|align=left colspan=2 | '''Total'''
| '''{{formatnum:18678457}}'''
| '''100'''
| align=center | '''460'''
| align=center | '''±0'''
|-
|align=left colspan=2 | Abstentions
| {{formatnum:11575099}}
| 38.26
| rowspan=2 colspan=3 style="background-color:#F4F4F4;" | 
|- 
|align=left colspan=2 |Registered voters / Turnout
| {{formatnum:30253556}}
| 61.74
|-
|align=left colspan=6 |(Source: [https://wybory.gov.pl/sejmsenat2019/pl/wyniki/sejm/pl National Electoral Commission])
|}
{|class="wikitable centre" style="text-align:right"
|-
!scope="col" colspan=2 | Electoral committee (Senate)
!scope="col"| Votes
!scope="col"| %
!scope="col"| Seats 
!scope="col"| +/-
|-
| bgcolor="#073a76" |
|align=left|[[Law and Justice (Poland)|Law and Justice]] (PiS)
| {{formatnum:8110193}}
| 44.56
| 48
| –13
|-
| bgcolor="#fca241" |
|align=left| [[Civic Coalition (Poland)|Civic Coalition]] (KO)
| {{formatnum:6490306}}
| 35.66
| 43
|  +9
|-
| bgcolor="#1bb100" |
|align=left|[[Polish Coalition]] (PSL)
| {{formatnum:1041909}}
| 5.72
| 3
| +2
|-
| bgcolor="#ac145a" |
|align=left| [[The Left (Poland)|The Left]]
| {{formatnum:415745}}
| 2.28
| 2
| +2
|-
| bgcolor="#da5100" |
|align=left| [[Nonpartisan local government activists]] (BS)
| {{formatnum:331385}}
| 1.82
| 0
| ±0
|-
| bgcolor=#122948| 
|align=left|[[Confederation Freedom and Independence|Confederation]] (KWiN)
| {{formatnum:144124}}
| 0.79
| 0
| ±0
|-
| bgcolor="#dddddd" | 
|align=left| Independents 
| {{formatnum:187014}}
| 1.03
| 4
| ±0
|-
| bgcolor="#777777" |
|align=left| Others
| {{formatnum:1511672}}
| 8.31
| 0
| ±0
|-bgcolor="#ffffff"
| colspan="7" |
|-
|align=left colspan=2 | Valid votes
| {{formatnum:18201348}}
| 97.45
| rowspan=2 colspan=3 style="background-color:#F4F4F4;" | 
|-
|align=left colspan=2 | Blank and invalid votes
| {{formatnum:476582}}
| 2.55
|-
|align=left colspan=2 | '''Total'''
| '''{{formatnum:18677930}}'''
| '''100'''
| align=center | '''100'''
| '''±0'''
|-
|align=left colspan=2 | Abstentions
| {{formatnum:11575626}}
| 38.26
| rowspan=2 colspan=3 style="background-color:#F4F4F4;" | 
|- 
|align=left colspan=2 |Registered voters / Turnout
| {{formatnum:30253556}}
| 61.74
|-
|align=left colspan=6 |(Source: [https://wybory.gov.pl/sejmsenat2019/en/wyniki/senat/pl National Electoral Commission])
|}

====2020 presidential election====
{{main|2020 Polish presidential election}}

The '''2020 Polish presidential elections''' first round was held on 28 June 2020 and was completed with a second round of voting on 12 July 2020.

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:right
!rowspan=2 colspan=2|Candidate
!rowspan=2|Party
!colspan=2|First round
!colspan=2|Second round
|-
!Votes
!% 
!Votes
!% 
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Law and Justice}}| ||align=left|[[Andrzej Duda]]||align=left|Independent ([[Law and Justice (Poland)|PiS]])||8,450,513||43.50||10,440,648||51.03
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Civic Platform}}| ||align=left|[[Rafał Trzaskowski]]||align=left|[[Civic Platform]]||5,917,340||30.46||10,018,263||48.97
|-
|bgcolor=#F9C013| ||align=left|[[Szymon Hołownia]]||align=left|Independent||2,693,397||13.87||colspan=2 rowspan=9|
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Confederation Liberty and Independence}}| ||align=left|[[Krzysztof Bosak]]||align=left|[[Confederation Liberty and Independence|Confederation]] ([[National Movement (Poland)|RN]])||1,317,380||6.78 
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Polish People's Party}}| ||align=left|[[Władysław Kosiniak-Kamysz]]||align=left|[[Polish People's Party]]||459,365||2.36
|-
|bgcolor=#4E2B8A | ||align="left" |[[Robert Biedroń]]|| align="left" |[[Spring (political party)|Spring]]||432,129||2.22
|-
|bgcolor=#0099CC| ||align="left" |[[Stanisław Żółtek]]|| align="left" |[[Congress of the New Right]]||45,419||0.23
|-
|bgcolor=#003153| ||align="left" |[[Marek Jakubiak]]|| align="left" |[[:pl:Federacja dla Rzeczypospolitej|Federation for the Republic]]||33,652||0.17
|-
|bgcolor=#3DD4C7| ||align="left" |[[Paweł Tanajno]]|| align="left" |Independent||27,909||0.14
|-
|bgcolor=#CC0033| ||align="left" |[[Waldemar Witkowski]]|| align="left" |[[Labour Union (Poland)|Labour Union]]||27,290||0.14
|-
|bgcolor=#3366CC| ||align=left|[[Mirosław Piotrowski]]||align=left|[[:pl:Ruch Prawdziwa Europa|Real Europe Movement]]||21,065||0.11
|-
|align=left colspan=3|Invalid/blank votes||58,301||–||177,724||–
|-
|align=left colspan=3|'''Total'''||'''19,483,760'''||'''100'''||'''20,636,635'''||'''100'''
|-
|align=left colspan=3|Registered voters/turnout||30,204,792||64.51||30,268,460||68.18  
|-
|align=left colspan=7|Source: [https://wybory.gov.pl/prezydent20200628/en/wyniki/1/pl Results], [https://wybory.gov.pl/prezydent20200628/en/frekwencja/1/Koniec/pl Turnout] (first round); [https://wybory.gov.pl/prezydent20200628/en/wyniki/2/pl Results], [https://wybory.gov.pl/prezydent20200628/en/frekwencja/2/Koniec/pl Turnout] (second round)
|}

====2023 parliamentary election====
{{main|2023 Polish parliamentary election}}

The 2023 Polish parliamentary election was held on October 15. Although PiS won the most seats, they lost their majority. A coalition of the Civic Coalition (KO), the Left, and the Third Way took power with KO leader Donald Tusk taking over as prime minister.

{{Election results
|image={{Switcher|[[File:2023 Polish Sejm Election Results.svg|360px]]|Results by party|[[File:2023 Polish Sejm (Coalitions).svg]]|Results by coalition}}
|alliance1=[[United Right (Poland)|United Right]]|aspan1=6
|party1=[[Law and Justice (Poland)|Law and Justice]]|votes1=6286250|seats1=157|sc1=−30
|party2=[[Sovereign Poland]]|votes2=465024|seats2=18|sc2=+8
|party3=[[The Republicans (Poland)|The Republicans]]|votes3=99373|seats3=4|sc3=+3
|party4=[[Kukiz'15]]{{efn|Kukiz'15 previously ran under [[Polish Coalition]] as independents. The result does not include Paweł Kukiz who is not a party member, but got elected with 43,292 votes.}}|votes4=74959|seats4=2|sc4=New
|party5=Independents|votes5=715248|seats5=13|sc5=−8
|atotal6=7640854|aseats6=194|sc6=−41
|alliance7=[[Civic Coalition (Poland)|Civic Coalition]]|aspan7=8
|party7=[[Civic Platform]]|votes7=4992932|seats7=122|sc7=+20
|party8=[[Modern (political party)|Modern]]|votes8=375776|seats8=6|sc8=−2
|party9=[[Polish Initiative]]|votes9=252021|seats9=3|sc9=+1
|party10=[[The Greens (Poland)|The Greens]]|votes10=67392|seats10=3|sc10=0
|party11=[[AGROunia]]|votes11=53571|seats11=1|sc11=New
|party12=[[Good Movement]]|votes12=8254|seats12=0|sc12=New
|party13=Independents{{efn|Two of the elected independents are also members of [[Yes! For Poland]].}}|votes13=879645|seats13=22|sc13=+3|color13={{party color|Independent politician}}
|atotal14=6629402|aseats14=157|sc14=+23
|alliance15=[[Third Way (Poland)|Third Way]]|aspan15=6
|party15=[[Poland 2050]]{{efn|Includes 233,917 votes and 2 seats for supported independents.}}|votes15=1561542|seats15=33|sc15=New
|party16=[[Polish People's Party]]{{efn|Includes 23,051 votes and 1 seat for supported independents.}}|votes16=1189629|seats16=28|sc16=+9
|party17=[[Centre for Poland]]|votes17=70117|seats17=3|sc17=+3
|party18=[[Union of European Democrats]]|votes18=21056|seats18=0|sc18=−1
|party19=Independents and others|votes19=268326|seats19=1|sc19=−9|color19={{party color|Independent politician}}
|atotal20=3110670|aseats20=65|sc20=+35
|alliance21=[[The Left (Poland)|The Left]]|aspan21=4
|party21=[[New Left (Poland)|New Left]]|votes21=1199503|seats21=19|sc21=−19
|party22=[[Left Together]]|votes22=453730|seats22=7|sc22=+1
|party23=Independents and others|votes23=205785|seats23=0|sc23=−5|color23={{party color|Independent politician}}
|atotal24=1859018|aseats24=26|sc24=−23
|alliance25=[[Confederation Liberty and Independence|Confederation]]|aspan25=6
|party25=[[New Hope (Poland)|New Hope]]|votes25=551901|seats25=6|sc25=+1|color25={{party color|KORWiN}}
|party26=[[Confederation Liberty and Independence|Confederation]]{{efn|Confederation was registered as a party to circumvent the 8% electoral threshold for electoral coalitions. Five of its elected members are part of National Movement, one of New Hope and one of Confederation of the Polish Crown.}}|votes26=341188|seats26=7|sc26=+7
|party27=[[National Movement (Poland)|National Movement]]|votes27=199149|seats27=0|sc27=−5
|party28=[[Confederation of the Polish Crown]]|votes28=182573|seats28=2|sc28=+1
|party30=Independents and others|votes30=268985|seats30=3|sc30=+3|color30={{party color|Independent politician}}
|atotal31=1547364|aseats31=18|sc31=+7
|alliance32=[[Nonpartisan Local Government Activists]]|votes32=401054|seats32=0|sc32=0
|alliance33=[[There is One Poland]]|votes33=351099|seats33=0|sc33=New
|alliance34=[[German Minority Electoral Committee|German Minority]]|votes34=25778|seats34=0|sc34=−1
|alliance35=[[Prosperity and Peace Movement]]|votes35=24850|seats35=0|sc35=New|acolor35=#e41d22
|alliance36=[[Normal Country]]|votes36=4606|seats36=0|sc36=New
|alliance37=Anti-party|votes37=1156|seats37=0|sc37=New|acolor37=#E52522
|alliance38=[[Repair Poland Movement]]|votes38=823|seats38=0|sc38=New
|total_sc=0
|valid=21596674
|invalid=370217
|electorate=29532595
|source= National Electoral Commission,<ref>https://wybory.gov.pl/sejmsenat2023/en/sejm/wynik/pl</ref><ref>https://wybory.gov.pl/sejmsenat2023/en/dane_w_arkuszach</ref>
}}
{{notelist}}

====2024 Polish local elections====
{{main|2024 Polish local elections}}

====2025 Polish presidential election====
{{main|2025 Polish presidential election}}

== See also ==
*[[Electoral districts of Poland]]

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

== References ==
* {{cite journal |author=Andrzej Rzepliński |title=Niewolne wybory parlamentarne. Doświadczenie polskie 1947–1989 |trans-title=Unfree parliamentary elections. The Polish Experience 1947–1989 |url=http://kryminologia.ipsir.uw.edu.pl/images/stronka/Pracownicy_publikacje/A.%20Rzeplinski_Niewolne%20wybory%20parlamentarne_Doswiadczenie%20polskie%2019479_1989.pdf |publisher=Warsaw University |journal=Instytut Profilaktyki Społecznej i Resocjalizacji, IPSiR}}
* {{cite journal |last=Groth |first=A.J. |date=December 1965 |title=Polish Elections 1919–1928 |journal=[[Slavic Review]] |volume=24 |issue=4 |pages=653–665 |publisher=The American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies |doi=10.2307/2492896 |jstor=2492896|s2cid=163223573 }}

==External links==
*[http://psephos.adam-carr.net/countries/p/poland/ Adam Carr's Election Archive]
*[http://www.parties-and-elections.de/poland.html Parties and elections]
*[http://www.pkw.gov.pl Państwowa Komisja Wyborcza – National Electoral Commission] {{in lang|pl}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060301154827/http://axisglobe.com/article.asp?article=390 Warsaw Consolidates the Countries of Eastern and Central Europe]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070930015110/http://www.axisglobe.com/article.asp?article=392 Jan Rokita: The Triumph of the Politician – Intellectual]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060427001319/http://www.axisglobe.com/article.asp?article=394 Kaczynski Brothers: Movie Stars That Turned Politicians]
*[http://www.axisglobe.com/article.asp?article=396 Elections 2005: Brief Information About the Participants]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20071025081330/http://www.elisanet.fi/daglarsson/dokumentit/polval1.htm The Elections to the Polish Parliament (Sejm) 1919 – 1947] (results)

{{Polish Elections|state=expanded}}
{{Elections in Europe}}
{{Poland topics}}

[[Category:Elections in Poland| ]]