Editing Elections in Ukraine

{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Politics of Ukraine}}
[[File:Выборы на Украине 2007 (2).jpg|thumbnail|A woman with [[ballot]] during [[2007 Ukrainian parliamentary election]]]]
'''Elections in Ukraine''' are held to choose the [[President of Ukraine|president]] ([[head of state]]), [[Verkhovna Rada]] ([[legislature]]), and [[Local government in Ukraine|local government]]s. [[Referendums in Ukraine|Referendums]] may be held on special occasions. Ukraine has a [[multi-party system]], often no single party has a chance of gaining power alone, and [[Political party|parties]] must work with each other to form [[coalition government]]s.

==Latest election==
{{Election results
|image=[[File:Verkhovna Rada 2019.svg]]
|firstround=Proportional|secondround=Constituency
|party1=Servant of the People|votes1=6307793|seats1=124|votes1_2=4630880|seats1_2=130|totseats1=254
|party2=Opposition Platform — For Life|votes2=1908111|seats2=37|votes2_2=987832|seats2_2=6|totseats2=43
|party3=Batkivshchyna|votes3=1196303|seats3=24|votes3_2=686734|seats3_2=2|totseats3=26
|party4=European Solidarity|votes4=1184620|seats4=23|votes4_2=589918|seats4_2=2|totseats4=25
|party5=Holos (political party)|Holos|votes5=851722|seats5=17|votes5_2=401903|seats5_2=3|totseats5=20
|party6=Radical Party of Oleh Liashko|votes6=586384|seats6=0|votes6_2=152191|seats6_2=0|totseats6=0
|party7=Strength and Honor|votes7=558652|seats7=0|votes7_2=175397|seats7_2=0|totseats7=0
|party8=Opposition Bloc (2019)|Opposition Bloc|votes8=443195|seats8=0|votes8_2=377191|seats8_2=6|totseats8=6
|party9=Ukrainian Strategy of Groysman|votes9=352934|seats9=0|votes9_2=0|seats9_2=0|totseats9=0
|party10=Party of Shariy|votes10=327152|seats10=0|votes10_2=12054|seats10_2=0|totseats10=0
|party11=Svoboda (political party)|Svoboda|votes11=315568|seats11=0|votes11_2=452373|seats11_2=1|totseats11=1
|party12=Civil Position|votes12=153225|seats12=0|votes12_2=103044|seats12_2=0|totseats12=0
|party13=Party of Greens of Ukraine|votes13=96659|seats13=0|votes13_2=0|seats13_2=0|totseats13=0
|party14=Self Reliance (political party)|Self Reliance|votes14=91596|seats14=0|votes14_2=135297|seats14_2=1|totseats14=1
|party15=Agrarian Party of Ukraine|votes15=75509|seats15=0|votes15_2=96139|seats15_2=0|totseats15=0
|party16=Movement of New Forces|votes16=67740|seats16=0|votes16_2=7683|seats16_2=0|totseats16=0
|party17=Power of the People|votes17=27984|seats17=0|votes17_2=49117|seats17_2=0|totseats17=0
|party18=Power of Law|votes18=20340|seats18=0|votes18_2=0|seats18_2=0|totseats18=0|color18=#F5BD1F
|party19=Patriot|votes19=16123|seats19=0|votes19_2=18015|seats19_2=0|totseats19=0|color19=#0000FF
|party20=Social Justice|votes20=15967|seats20=0|votes20_2=2615|seats20_2=0|totseats20=0|color20=#50C878
|party21=Independence|votes21=7970|seats21=0|votes21_2=0|seats21_2=0|totseats21=0|color21=#0067A5
|party22=Torch|votes22=7739|seats22=0|votes22_2=0|seats22_2=0|totseats22=0|color22=#FF0800
|party23=Andriy Baloha's Team|United Centre|votes23=0|seats23=0|votes23_2=44485|seats23_2=1|totseats23=1
|party24=People's Movement of Ukraine|votes24=0|seats24=0|votes24_2=41482|seats24_2=0|totseats24=0
|party25=Ukrainian Democratic Alliance for Reform|votes25=0|seats25=0|votes25_2=22279|seats25_2=0|totseats25=0
|party26=Bila Tserkva Together|votes26=0|seats26=0|votes26_2=20277|seats26_2=1|totseats26=1
|party27=Democratic Axis|votes27=0|seats27=0|votes27_2=13613|seats27_2=0|totseats27=0
|party28=Civil Movement of Ukraine|votes28=0|seats28=0|votes28_2=12037|seats28_2=0|totseats28=0
|party29=Joint Action|votes29=0|seats29=0|votes29_2=7071|seats29_2=0|totseats29=0
|party30=Ukrainian Unity Party|votes30=0|seats30=0|votes30_2=6355|seats30_2=0|totseats30=0
|party31=Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists|votes31=0|seats31=0|votes31_2=5318|seats31_2=0|totseats31=0
|party32=Right Sector|votes32=0|seats32=0|votes32_2=5093|seats32_2=0|totseats32=0
|party33=Our Land (Ukraine)|Our Land|votes33=0|seats33=0|votes33_2=4709|seats33_2=0|totseats33=0
|party34=All-Ukrainian Union "Cherkashchany"|votes34=0|seats34=0|votes34_2=4283|seats34_2=0|totseats34=0
|party35=Social and Political Platform of Nadiya Savchenko|votes35=0|seats35=0|votes35_2=3949|seats35_2=0|totseats35=0
|party36=Party of Free Democrats|votes36=0|seats36=0|votes36_2=3599|seats36_2=0|totseats36=0
|party37=Ukrainian Party|votes37=0|seats37=0|votes37_2=3268|seats37_2=0|totseats37=0
|party38=Party of Pensioners of Ukraine|votes38=0|seats38=0|votes38_2=3262|seats38_2=0|totseats38=0
|party39=Ukraine the Glorious|votes39=0|seats39=0|votes39_2=3064|seats39_2=0|totseats39=0
|party40=Native City|votes40=0|seats40=0|votes40_2=2376|seats40_2=0|totseats40=0
|party41=Socialist Party of Ukraine|votes41=0|seats41=0|votes41_2=1990|seats41_2=0|totseats41=0
|party42=Liberty (political party)|Liberty|votes42=0|seats42=0|votes42_2=1802|seats42_2=0|totseats42=0
|party43=Community and Law|votes43=0|seats43=0|votes43_2=1527|seats43_2=0|totseats43=0
|party44=Darth Vader Bloc|votes44=0|seats44=0|votes44_2=1164|seats44_2=0|totseats44=0
|party45=Development|votes45_2=903|votes45=0|seats45=0|seats45_2=0|totseats45=0
|party46=Republican Christian Party|votes46=0|seats46=0|votes46_2=902|seats46_2=0|totseats46=0
|party47=Aware Nation|votes47=0|seats47=0|votes47_2=766|seats47_2=0|totseats47=0
|party48=Real Action|votes48=0|seats48=0|votes48_2=764|seats48_2=0|totseats48=0
|party49=Party of Local Self-Governance|votes49=0|seats49=0|votes49_2=520|seats49_2=0|totseats49=0
|party50=Meritocratic Party of Ukraine|votes50=0|seats50=0|votes50_2=517|seats50_2=0|totseats50=0|
|party51=Trust the Deeds|votes51=0|seats51=0|votes51_2=428|seats51_2=0|totseats51=0
|party52=Gypsy Party of Ukraine|votes52=0|seats52=0|votes52_2=388|seats52_2=0|totseats52=0
|party53=Internet Party of Ukraine|votes53=0|seats53=0|votes53_2=370|seats53_2=0|totseats53=0
|party54=Bdzhola|votes54=0|seats54=0|votes54_2=222|seats54_2=0|totseats54=0
|party55=People's Truth|votes55=0|seats55=0|votes55_2=206|seats55_2=0|totseats55=0
|party56=Student Party of Ukraine|votes56=0|seats56=0|votes56_2=138|seats56_2=0|totseats56=0
|party57=Pirate Party of Ukraine|votes57=0|seats57=0|votes57_2=133|seats57_2=0|totseats57=0
|party58=Independents|votes58=0|seats58=0|votes58_2=4992514|seats58_2=46|totseats58=46
|row59=Vacant|votes59=0|seats59=0|votes59_2=0|seats59_2=26|totseats59=26
}}

==Legislation==
{{see also|Imperative mandate (Ukraine)}}
Elections in Ukraine are held to choose the [[President (government title)|President]] ([[head of state]]) and [[Verkhovna Rada]] ([[legislature]]). The [[Ukrainian constitution]] does not allow holding [[Verkhovna Rada]] elections while martial law is in effect.<ref>{{cite news |date=February 7, 2019 |title=Constitution of Ukraine |language=English |at=Article 83, Paragraph 4 |work= |url=https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/44a280124.pdf |access-date=27 August 2023}}</ref> The president is elected for a five-year term. The Verkhovna Rada has 450 members and is also elected for a five-year term, but may be dissolved earlier by the president in the case of a failure to form a government.<ref name=newUKRelectionlawof171111/><ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-20031821 Q&A: Ukrainian parliamentary election], [[BBC News]] (23 October 2012)</ref><ref>{{in lang|uk}} [http://zakon4.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/4061-17 Law of Ukraine "On Elections of People's Deputies of Ukraine " dated 17 November 2011], [[Verkhovna Rada]]</ref> The next election to the Verkhovna Rada, [[2023 Ukrainian parliamentary election|set to be in 2023]],<ref name="chesno.org/post/3402D">{{in lang|uk}} [https://www.chesno.org/post/3402/ Early to rejoice? Regular parliamentary elections may take place under Yanukovych's law], [[Civil movement "Chesno"]] (11 July 2019)</ref> will be, for the first time, with different regional [[open lists]] (with again an [[electoral threshold]] of five percent) and a return, and thus abolition of the [[Electoral district|constituencies]] with [[first-past-the-post voting]], to only one national constituency.<ref name="633561ElectoralCodeb">[https://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/633561.html Electoral Code becomes effective in Ukraine], [[Interfax-Ukraine]] (1 January 2010)</ref>

From [[2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election|2012]] until the [[2019 Ukrainian parliamentary election]] the Verkhovna Rada was elected using a [[Parallel voting|mixed election system]]. Half of the representatives were elected from national [[Closed list|closed party lists]] distributed between the parties using the [[Hare quota]] with a 5% threshold. The remaining half were elected from [[Electoral district|constituencies]] using [[first-past-the-post voting]]. This system was adopted for the [[2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election|2012 elections]]<ref name=newUKRelectionlawof171111>{{cite news|title=Parliament passes law on parliamentary elections|url=https://www.kyivpost.com/content/politics/parliament-passes-law-on-parliamentary-elections-117151.html|access-date=9 August 2015|agency=[[Interfax-Ukraine]]|publisher=[[Kyiv Post]]|date=17 November 2011}}</ref><ref name="ElectionLawEnglish">{{cite web|title=Ukraine: The Law on Election of the People's Deputies (Unofficial translation by IFES), 2011|url=http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/UA/ukraine-the-law-on-election-of-the-peoples/at_download/file|access-date=9 August 2015|format=PDF|date=17 November 2011}}</ref> and was also used for the [[2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election|2014 election]], as a new draft law moving to electing all members using [[Open list|open party lists]] failed to gather necessary support in the Rada.<ref>{{cite news|title=Rada fails to put on today's agenda three bills on elections of MPs|url=http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/218366.html|publisher=[[Interfax-Ukraine]]|access-date=8 August 2015|date=14 August 2014}}</ref> According to current law, the [[Next Ukrainian parliamentary election|next election to the Verkhovna Rada (to be held) in 2023]]<ref name="chesno.org/post/3402D"/> [[#Past legislation|will again]] be without single-member constituencies and instead deputies can only be elected on a party list in one nationwide constituency with a 5% [[Electoral threshold|election threshold]] with [[Open list|open]] regional lists of candidates for deputies.<ref name="633561ElectoralCodeb"/>

A [[Snap election|snap poll]] must have a [[voter turnout]] higher than 50%.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ukranews.com/eng/article/156029.html|title=Voters Committee Predicting 60% Snap Election Turnout|publisher=[[Ukrainian News Agency]]|date=16 October 2008|access-date=16 October 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090527084317/http://www.ukranews.com/eng/article/156029.html|archive-date=27 May 2009}}</ref>

Ukraine's election law forbids outside financing of political parties or campaigns.<ref>[http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/hacked-pr-documents-accelerate-political-war-318688.html Hacked PR documents accelerate political war], [[Kyiv Post]] (11 January 2013)</ref>

Presidential candidates must have had residence in Ukraine for the past ten years prior to election day.<ref name="VKiPUIU241013">[http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/171819.html Vitali Klitschko says intends to run for president in Ukraine], [[Interfax-Ukraine]] (24 October 2013)<br />[http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/171794.html Parliament passes law that could prevent Klitschko from running for president], [[Interfax-Ukraine]] (24 October 2013)</ref>

Since late February 2016 a party congress is allowed to remove any candidate from its party list before the Central Election Commission recognizes him or her elected. Meaning that parties after elections can prevent their candidates to take a seat in parliament that they were entitled to due to their place on the party list.<ref>[http://uatoday.tv/news/poroshenko-signs-notorious-party-dictatorship-law-598792.html Poroshenko signs notorious 'party dictatorship' law], [[Ukraine Today]] (25 February 2016)<br />{{in lang|uk}} [http://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2016/03/3/7101002/ Lyashko advantage of the law on "party dictatorship"], [[Ukrayinska Pravda]] (3 March 2016)</ref> A party is (since late February 2016) also allowed to excluded people from its electoral list of the last parliamentary elections.<ref>{{in lang|uk}} [http://pda.pravda.com.ua/news/id_7130322/ CEC excluded from party list Lyashko 10 candidates for people's deputies], [[Ukrayinska Pravda]] (18 December 2016)</ref>

In Ukraine political campaigning outside election campaign periods is prohibited.<ref name="chesnopost4180E"/> But this prohibition is widely ignored in election years and perpetraters are seldom punished since political parties use loopholes in election law.<ref name="chesnopost4180E">[https://www.chesno.org/post/4180/ Campaign false start: who is already advertised in the Dnipro], [[Civil movement "Chesno"]] (26 August 2020) {{in lang|uk}}</ref>

===Local elections===
{{details|Local elections in Ukraine}}
Under the [[Constitution of Ukraine]], the term of office of the heads of villages and towns and the council members of these villages and towns is five years.<ref name=IU162135yle>[http://www.interfax.co.uk/ukraine-news/cec-member-kyiv-city-council-to-be-elected-for-five-years-in-upcoming-election/ CEC member: Kyiv City Council to be elected for five years in upcoming election], [[Interfax-Ukraine]] (16 February 2013)</ref>

===Past legislation===
The parliamentary election law has been changed four times from 1991 to 2015.<ref name=newUKRelectionlawof171111/><ref name="Law for POR?">[http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/114020/ Experts: Proposed election law casts cloud over next year’s parliamentary contest], [[Kyiv Post]] (October 3, 2011)</ref> Before 1998 all the members of the Parliament were elected by single-seat [[constituency|constituencies]] (from each electoral district). In 1998 and in 2002 half of the members were elected by [[proportional representation]] (faction vote) and the other half by single-seat constituencies. In the [[2006 Ukrainian parliamentary election|2006]] and [[2007 Ukrainian parliamentary election|2007 parliamentary election]], all 450 members of the Verkhovna Rada were elected by [[party-list proportional representation]] with [[closed list]]s<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Wp7VKL4p7kQC&dq=%22Closed+list%22+Ukraine&pg=PA251 Understanding Ukrainian Politics: Power, Politics, And Institutional Design] by [[Paul D'Anieri]], [[M.E. Sharpe]], 2006, {{ISBN|0-7656-1811-7}} (page 251)</ref><ref>[http://www.kyivpost.com/news/opinion/op_ed/detail/65992/ Black Sea Fleet vote: Know thy turncoats], [[Kyiv Post]] (May 6, 2010)</ref><ref>[http://www.kyivpost.com/news/opinion/op_ed/detail/41069/ Ukraine needs constitutional change now], [[Kyiv Post]] (May 7, 2009)</ref> (the same goes for local elections).<ref name="DemoWhat?">[http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/71677/ Parliament rejects bill on local elections under open lists], [[Kyiv Post]] (July 1, 2010)</ref>

In the [[2010 Ukrainian local elections]] four years was set for the office of the heads of villages and towns and the council members of these villages and towns.<ref name=IU162135yle/><ref>[http://www.europarl.europa.eu/meetdocs/2009_2014/documents/afet/dv/201/201011/20101118_reportelecukr_en.pdf European Parliament EU-Ukraine PCC Members' delegation to Ukraine observing local and regional elections of 31 October 2010], [[European Parliament]] (10 November 2010)</ref>

==Voting patterns==
Since the [[dissolution of the Soviet Union]], the [[Communist Party of Ukraine]] politically dominated most of Ukraine. By mid 1990s the communists completely lost popularity in western Ukraine, which voted for any representative but communist. Since [[Leonid Kuchma]] left presidential post, in 2004 support for the Communist Party shifted towards the [[Party of Regions]] being politically dominating mostly over the southeastern Ukraine. At the same time initially led by the [[People's Movement of Ukraine]], political leadership in the non-communist camp was taken over by [[Our Ukraine–People's Self-Defense Bloc|Our Ukraine]] bloc and [[Bloc of Yulia Tymoshenko]].

In the elections since 2002 voters of Western and Central Ukrainian oblasts voted mostly for parties ([[Our Ukraine–People's Self-Defense Bloc|Our Ukraine]], [[All-Ukrainian Union "Fatherland"|Batkivshchyna]], [[Ukrainian Democratic Alliance for Reform|UDAR]], [[Self Reliance (political party)|Self Reliance]], [[Radical Party of Oleh Lyashko|Radical Party]], [[European Solidarity|Petro Poroshenko Bloc]] and the [[People's Front (Ukraine)|People's Front]]) and presidential candidates ([[Viktor Yushchenko]], [[Yulia Tymoshenko]]) with a pro-Western and state reform [[Party platform|platform]], while voters in Southern and Eastern oblasts of Ukraine voted for parties ([[Communist Party of Ukraine|CPU]], [[Party of Regions]] and [[Opposition Bloc]]) and presidential candidates ([[Viktor Yanukovych]]) with a pro-Russian and [[status quo]] platform.<ref name="Olszanski AE"/><ref>[http://www.cvk.gov.ua/pls/vnd2012/WP406?PT001F01=900&pf7171=52 Центральна виборча комісія України - WWW відображення ІАС "Вибори народних депутатів України 2012"<!-- The title was added by a bot -->] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016140034/http://www.cvk.gov.ua/pls/vnd2012/WP406?PT001F01=900&pf7171=52 |date=2012-10-16 }}<br />{{cite web|date=30 August 2012|title=CEC substitutes Tymoshenko, Lutsenko in voting papers|url=http://en.for-ua.com/news/2012/08/30/111349.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813233711/http://en.for-ua.com/news/2012/08/30/111349.html|archive-date=13 August 2014|url-status=dead|access-date=6 November 2015}}</ref><ref name="EWparties">[https://books.google.com/books?id=H23Pv4Ik3vMC&dq=Ukrainian++parties+pro-Western+Bloc&pg=PA396 Communist and Post-Communist Parties in Europe] by [[Uwe Backes]] and [[Patrick Moreau (political scientist)|Patrick Moreau]], [[Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht]], 2008, {{ISBN|978-3-525-36912-8}} (page 396)</ref><ref name=Umland>[http://www.opendemocracy.net/od-russia/andreas-umland/ukraine-right-wing-politics-is-genie-out-of-bottle Ukraine right-wing politics: is the genie out of the bottle?], [[openDemocracy.net]] (January 3, 2011)</ref><ref name="KuzioPORvotersdontgoaway">[http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=39981 Eight Reasons Why Ukraine’s Party of Regions Will Win the 2012 Elections] by [[Taras Kuzio]], [[The Jamestown Foundation]] (17 October 2012)<br />[http://www.taraskuzio.net/media20_files/8.pdf UKRAINE: Yushchenko needs Tymoshenko as ally again] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515074305/http://www.taraskuzio.net/media20_files/8.pdf |date=2013-05-15 }} by [[Taras Kuzio]], [[Oxford Analytica]] (5 October 2007)</ref><ref>[http://www.osw.waw.pl/en/publikacje/eastweek/2012-11-07/after-parliamentary-elections-ukraine-a-tough-victory-party-regions After the parliamentary elections in Ukraine: a tough victory for the Party of Regions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130317180048/http://www.osw.waw.pl/en/publikacje/eastweek/2012-11-07/after-parliamentary-elections-ukraine-a-tough-victory-party-regions |date=2013-03-17 }}, [[Centre for Eastern Studies]] (7 November 2012)</ref> Although this geographical division is decreasing.<ref>[http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/59340/ Election winner lacks strong voter mandate], [[Kyiv Post]] (February 11, 2010)<br />[http://www.euractiv.com/specialreport-eu-ukraine-relatio/ukraines-party-regions-pyrrhic-v-analysis-516103 Ukraine's Party of Regions: A pyrrhic victory], [[EurActiv.com]] (16 November 2012)<br />[http://www.dw.de/ukraine-vote-ushers-in-new-constellation-of-power/a-16341696 Ukraine vote ushers in new constellation of power], [[Deutsche Welle]] (30 October 2012)</ref><ref name="Olszanski AE"/><ref>{{Citation |first=Tadeusz A. |last=Olszański |title=Poroshenko, President of Ukraine |publisher=OSW—Centre for Eastern Studies |date=28 May 2014 |url=http://www.osw.waw.pl/en/publikacje/analyses/2014-05-28/poroshenko-president-ukraine}}</ref> Till the [[2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election]] the electorate of CPU and Party of Regions was very loyal to them.<ref name="KuzioPORvotersdontgoaway"/> But in the 2014 parliamentary election Party of Regions did not to participate (because of a perceived lack of legitimacy (of the election), because not every resident of the [[Donbas]] could vote) and the CPU came 1.12% short of the 5% election threshold.<ref name="General official results of Rada election 2014">[http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/233747.html General official results of Rada election], [[Interfax-Ukraine]] (11 November 2014)<br />[http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/233696.html Central Election Commission announces official results of Rada election on party tickets], [[Interfax-Ukraine]] (11 November 2014)</ref><ref>[http://en.ria.ru/politics/20140914/192930339/Ukraines-Party-of-Regions-Refuses-to-Participate-in-Rada.html Ukraine's Party of Regions Refuses to Participate in Rada Elections], [[RIA Novosti]] (23 September 2014)</ref> The results were a victory for the pro-Western parties and a major defeat for the pro-Russian camp.

A 2010 study by the Institute of Social and Political Psychology of Ukraine found that in general, Yulia Tymoshenko supporters are more optimistic compared with Viktor Yanukovych supporters. 46 percent of the Tymoshenko's backers expect improvement in their well-being in the next year compared to 30 percent for Yanukovych.<ref>[http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/57093/ Disappointment, pessimism high among nation’s voters], [[Kyiv Post]] (January 15, 2010)</ref>

===Parliamentary elections===
====by party list====
{{multiple image
 |align=left
 |image1=Вибори ВРУ 2012 Лідери ТВО партії.PNG
 |width1=120
 |caption1=[[1998 Ukrainian parliamentary election|1998 Parliament]]
 |image2=Вибори ВРУ 2002 Лідери ТВО партії.PNG
 |width2=120
 |caption2=[[2002 Ukrainian parliamentary election|2002 Parliament]]
 |width3=120
 |image3=Wahlkreise ukraine 2006 eng.png
 |caption3=[[2006 Ukrainian parliamentary election|2006 Parliament]]
 |width4=120
 |image4=Ukrainian parliamentary election, 2007 (first place results).PNG
 |caption4=[[2007 Ukrainian parliamentary election|2007 Parliament]]
 |width5=120
 |image5=Ukr elections 2012 multimandate okruhs.png|thumb
 |caption5=[[2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election#Changes in the voting system|2012 Parliament]]
 |width6=120
 |image6=Ukr elections 2014 multimandate okruhs.png|thumb
 |caption6=[[2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election|2014 Parliament]]
 |width7=120
 |image7=Результати Парламентських виборів в Україні 2019 року за округами.svg|thumb
 |caption7=[[2019 Ukrainian parliamentary election|2019 Parliament]]
}}
{{clear}}

====by constituency====
{{multiple image
 |align=left
 |width1=120
 |image1=Вибори ВРУ 1998 Лідери ТВО мажоритарники.PNG|thumb
 |caption1=[[1998 Ukrainian parliamentary election|1998 Parliament]]
 |width2=120
 |image2=Вибори ВРУ 2002 Лідери ТВО мажоритарники.PNG|thumb
 |caption2=[[2002 Ukrainian parliamentary election|2002 Parliament]]
 |width3=120
 |image3=Ukr elections 2012 onemandate okruhs.png|thumb
 |caption3=[[2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election|2012 Parliament]]
 |width4=120
 |image4=Ukr elections 2014 onemandate okruhs.png|thumb
 |caption4=[[2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election|2014 Parliament]]
 |width5=120
 |image5=Результати Парламентських виборів в Україні 2019 року в одномандатних мажоритарних округах.svg|thumb
 |caption5=[[2019 Ukrainian parliamentary election|2019 Parliament]]
}}
{{clear}}

===Presidential elections===
{{main|Ukrainian presidential elections}}
{{multiple image
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 |caption1=[[1999 Ukrainian presidential election|1999 President]]
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 |image2=Ukraine Presidential Dec 2004 Vote (Highest vote)a.png
 |caption2=[[2004 Ukrainian presidential election|2004 President run-off]]
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 |caption3=[[2010 Ukrainian presidential election|2010 President run-off]]
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 |caption4=[[2014 Ukrainian presidential election|2014 President]]
|width5=120
 |image5=Результати Виборів Президента України 2019 за округами (другий тур).svg
 |caption5=[[2019 Ukrainian presidential election|2019 President run-off]]
}}
{{clear}}

==Voter turnout==
From 1994 to 2007 the average voter turnout for the Verkhovna Rada elections was 68.13%<ref name="more 50">{{Cite web|url=http://www.idea.int/vt/country_view.cfm?CountryCode=UA|title=Country View Ukraine |access-date=2008-10-16|archive-date=2009-02-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090213171222/http://idea.int/vt/country_view.cfm?CountryCode=UA|url-status=dead |publisher=[[International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance]]}}</ref><ref>[http://www.cvk.gov.ua Central Election Commission of Ukraine]</ref> The total voter turnout in the [[2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election|2012 parliamentary elections]] was then the lowest ever with 57.99%;<ref name=turnout>[http://www.kyivpost.com/content/politics/cec-turnout-in-ukraines-parliamentary-elections-5799-315149.html CEC:Turnout in Ukraine's parliamentary elections 57.99%], [[Kyiv Post]] (29 October 2012)</ref> The lowest turnout in these elections was in [[Crimea]] (with 49.46%), the highest in [[Lviv Oblast]] (67.13%).<ref name=turnout/> In the [[2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election|2014 parliamentary elections]] the official voter turnout was set (by the [[Central Election Commission of Ukraine]]) at 52.42%.<ref name="Voter turnout 52.42%">[http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/231065.html Voter turnout at Rada election 52.42% at all 198 constituencies - CEC], [[Interfax-Ukraine]] (27 October 2014)</ref> This figure was determined after the Central Electoral Commission deducted the eligible voters in areas were voting was impossible.<ref name="Olszanski AE">{{Citation |first=Tadeusz A. |last=Olszański |title=A strong vote for reform: Ukraine after the parliamentary elections |publisher=OSW—Centre for Eastern Studies |date=29 October 2014 |url=http://www.osw.waw.pl/en/publikacje/analyses/2014-10-29/a-strong-vote-reform-ukraine-after-parliamentary-elections}}</ref> Because of the [[War in Donbas]] and the [[Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation|unilateral annexation]] of [[Crimea]] by [[Russia]], the 2014 parliamentary elections were not held in Crimea and also not held in parts of [[Donetsk Oblast]] and [[Luhansk Oblast]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-28931054 |title=Ukraine crisis: President calls snap vote amid fighting |work=[[BBC News]] |date=25 August 2014 |access-date=30 August 2014 |archive-date=27 August 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140827104753/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-28931054 }}</ref><ref name="Runners and risks">{{cite news|date=22 May 2014 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-27518989 |title=Ukraine elections: Runners and risks |work=[[BBC News]] |access-date=29 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140527092109/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-27518989 |archive-date=27 May 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The lowest turnout in these elections was in Donetsk Oblast (with 32.4%), the highest in again in Lviv Oblast (70%).<ref name=VTRe14pr>[http://www.nrcu.gov.ua/en/148/580903/ Voter turnout at Rada election 52.42% at all 198 constituencies] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141203142528/http://www.nrcu.gov.ua/en/148/580903/ |date=2014-12-03 }}, [[National Radio Company of Ukraine]] (27 October 2014)</ref> According to [[Tadeusz Olszański]], of the [[Centre for Eastern Studies]], the low turnout in Donetsk Oblast (and also Luhansk Oblast) is explained by the end of an artificial increase of voter turnout there by [[Party of Regions]] officials.<ref name="Olszanski AE"/>

Voter turnout in the [[Ukrainian presidential elections|presidential elections]] is always higher than for Verkhovna Rada elections with an average voter turnout of 72% from 2004 till 2010 (67.95% in the [[2010 Ukrainian presidential election|2010 Presidential election]]).<ref name="more 50"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.kyivpost.com/business/22164|title=Swiss President, Luxembourg PM join others in congratulating Yushchenko|publisher=[[Kyiv Post]]|date=31 December 2004}}</ref> In the [[2014 Ukrainian presidential election|2014 Presidential election]] the Central Election Commission of Ukraine set the turnout at over 60%; just as in the 2014 parliamentary elections, these elections were not held in Crimea and also not held in parts of Donetsk Oblast and Luhansk Oblast.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/cec-chair-ukrainian-presidential-election-turnout-tops-60-percent-349393.html |title=CEC chair: Ukrainian presidential election turnout tops 60 percent |publisher=Kyivpost.com |date=26 May 2014 |access-date=2 June 2014}}</ref><ref name="HP ">[https://www.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702304811904579583413180447156 Poroshenko Declares Victory in Ukraine Presidential Election], [[The Wall Street Journal]] (25 May 2014)</ref> The most popular presidential elections were the first one in 1991 where nearly 30.6 million people voted and in the 2004 election which gathered some 28 million. There were only three presidential candidates who have gathered over 10 million votes: [[Leonid Kravchuk]] (1991 - 19.6, 1994 - 10.0), [[Viktor Yushchenko]] (2004 - 11.1), and [[Viktor Yanukovych]] (2004 - 11.0). The 10 million voters mark was almost reached by [[Leonid Kuchma]] in 1999, but he only gained the trust of 9.6 million. To this day Kravchuk and [[Petro Poroshenko]] are the only presidential candidates who won the elections after the first round obtaining over 50% of votes, respective in 1991 and 2014. The person most frequently participating in presidential elections is [[Oleksandr Moroz]] who stood in every presidential election since 1994 when he gained the biggest support of some 3.5 million, while in 2010 less than 0.1 million voted for him. Viktor Yanukovych became the strongest runner-up in the history of presidential elections, while Leonid Kuchma - the only runner-up of the first round to pull a win in the second one. Thus far the top two presidential candidates always would get support of over 5 million voters each.

Since the [[1994 Ukrainian parliamentary election]] voter turnouts have been declining. 1994 75.81%, [[1998 Ukrainian parliamentary election|1998]] 70.78%, [[2002 Ukrainian parliamentary election|2002]] 69.27%, [[2006 Ukrainian parliamentary election|2006]] 67.55%, [[2007 Ukrainian parliamentary election|2007]] 62.03%, [[2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election|2012]] 57.43%, [[2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election|2014]] 51.91% and the [[2019 Ukrainian parliamentary election]] at 49.84%.

{{multiple image
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 |caption1=[[2010 Ukrainian presidential election|2010 President (first round)]]
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 |caption2=[[2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election|2012 Parliament]]
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 |caption4=[[2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election|2014 Parliament]]
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 |caption5=[[2019 Ukrainian parliamentary election|2019 Parliament]]
 |width5=120}}
{{clear}}

==Perceived flaws in legislation==
Despite a clear system for declaring donations to campaign funds, officials and experts say that Ukraine's election law is consistently flouted, with spending from candidates’ official funds representing only a fraction of the amount truly spent while it is rarely clear where the funding comes from.<ref>[http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/57079/ More than $1 billion will be spent on campaign, but no one knows for sure], [[Kyiv Post]] (January 14, 2010)</ref>

Early May 2009, the "Committee of Voters of Ukraine" stated they believe that the use of the state's [[administrative resource]]s by [[List of political parties in Ukraine|political forces]] for their own national and local [[election campaign]]s is no longer a decisive factor in the outcome of Ukrainian elections.<ref>[http://www.ukranews.com/eng/article/196948.html Committee Of Voters: Use Of State’s Administrative Resources No Longer Decisive Factor In Outcome Of Elections] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090721005541/http://www.ukranews.com/eng/article/196948.html |date=2009-07-21 }}, [[Ukrainian News Agency]] (May 8, 2009)</ref> According to a survey of 2,000 people conducted in October 2010 by two Ukrainian nongovernmental organizations, the Democratic Initiatives Fund and [[PORA|OPORA]], one in five Ukrainians were willing to sell his or her vote in the then upcoming [[2010 Ukrainian local elections]].<ref>[http://www.rferl.org/content/Survey_Shows_Every_Fifth_Ukrainian_Ready_To_Sell_Vote/2197889.html Survey Shows Every Fifth Ukrainian Ready To Sell Vote], [[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]] (October 22, 2010)</ref> But according to (then) [[Ukrainian Prime Minister]] [[Mykola Azarov]] these elections "were absolutely without the use of [[administrative resources]], naturally. Nobody interfered with our citizens."<ref>[http://www.rferl.org/content/Yanukovychs_Party_Looks_To_Victory_Amid_Claims_Of_Election_Fraud_/2207495.html Yanukovych's Party Looks To Victory Amid Claims Of Election Fraud], [[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]] (November 01, 2010)</ref>

==See also==
*[[Electoral system]] 
*[[2021 national electoral calendar|Electoral calendar]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{commonscatinline}}
*[http://www.cvk.gov.ua/ Central Election Commission of Ukraine]
*[https://ukr.vote/en/elections UKR.VOTE Elections List]
*[http://psephos.adam-carr.net/countries/u/ukraine/ Adam Carr's Election Archive]
*[http://www.parties-and-elections.de/ukraine.html Parties and Elections]
*[http://vasylchenko.in.ua Serhiy Vasylchenko: Electoral Geography of Ukraine 1991 - 2010]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304042611/http://razumkov.org.ua/eng/poll.php?poll_id=115 If parliamentary elections were held next Sunday how would you vote? (Recurrent poll since 2010)] by [[Razumkov Centre]]
*[http://ratinggroup.com.ua/en/cardiogram/parties/ Rating of parties since 2006] by [[Sociological group "RATING"]]

{{Ukrainian Elections|state=expanded}}
{{Elections in Europe}}
{{Ukraine topics}}
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[[Category:Elections in Ukraine| ]]