Editing Electroejaculation

{{short description|Procedure in human and veterinary medicine}}
'''Electroejaculation''' is a procedure used to [[semen collection|obtain semen samples]] from sexually mature [[male mammals]]. The procedure is used for breeding programs and research purposes in various species, as well as in the treatment of [[Anorgasmia|ejaculatory dysfunction]] in human males. This procedure is used frequently with large mammals, particularly [[Frozen bovine semen#How semen is collected|bulls]] and some domestic animals, as well as humans who have certain types of [[anejaculation]].  Electroejaculation has also been used for the [[cryoconservation of animal genetic resources]], where semen is stored in low temperatures with the intent of conserving genetic material and future revival.

In the practice of [[veterinary medicine]] and [[animal science]], it is common to collect semen from domestic [[ruminant]]s using electro-ejaculation without{{why|date=August 2023}} sedation or anesthesia. Only in [[goat]]s is mild sedation sometimes used. Because of the significant skeletal muscle contractions it causes, electroejaculation is not used in [[stallion]]s — except in rare cases, under general anesthesia.{{fact|date=July 2020}}

In humans, electroejaculation is usually carried out under a [[general anesthetic]].<ref name="Aziz ">{{cite book | last1=Aziz | first1=N. | last2=Agarwal | first2=A. | title=The Diagnosis and Treatment of Male Infertility: A Case-Based Guide for Clinicians | publisher=Springer International Publishing | year=2017 | isbn=978-3-319-56547-7 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N1coDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA233 | access-date=2017-07-27 | page=233}}</ref> An electric probe is inserted into the [[rectum]] adjacent to the [[prostate gland]]. The probe delivers an AC voltage, usually 12–24 volts sine wave at a frequency of 60&nbsp;Hz, with a current limited to usually 500&nbsp;mA, although some devices can generate currents of up to 1&nbsp;A. The probe is activated for 1–2 seconds, referred to as a stimulus cycle. Ejaculation usually occurs after 2–3 stimulus cycles. Care must be taken when using currents greater than 500&nbsp;mA, as tissue burns may result due to heating of the probe.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.beltroninst.com/ac1manual.pdf|title=Beltron Instruments AC-1 Manual|access-date=2012-12-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120601130117/http://www.beltroninst.com/ac1manual.pdf|archive-date=2012-06-01|url-status=dead}}</ref> The electric current stimulates nearby nerves, resulting in contraction of the [[pelvic muscles]] and [[ejaculation]].

==Variant names==
* Rectal electroejaculation (REE)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ivf-infertility.com/ivf/ejaculation.php|title=Rectal electro-ejaculation (REE)|author=Dr. Marcus|date=February 14, 2010|publisher=ivf-infertility.com|page=1|accessdate=18 December 2010}}</ref>
* Trans-rectal electro-ejaculation (TREE)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://therotundaramblings.blogspot.com/2007/10/trans-rectal-electro-ejaculation-tree.html|title=Trans-rectal Electro-ejaculation (TREE)|last=Allahbadia|first=Gautam|date=11 October 2007|work=The Rotunda Ramblings|publisher=[[Blogger (service)|Blogger]]|accessdate=18 December 2010|archive-date=12 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170212063722/http://therotundaramblings.blogspot.com/2007/10/trans-rectal-electro-ejaculation-tree.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Application to endangered species conservation ==
The procedure has been adopted and modified as an assisted reproduction technique for managing endangered species, to ensure the production of offspring from incompatible pairs of animals where artificial insemination is feasible.<ref>Mauldin, Rick; Thepenier, Collette. [http://www.cvmbs.colostate.edu/bms/PDF/640_RM_endangsld.pdf Assisted Reproduction in Endangered Species] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100815150944/https://www.cvmbs.colostate.edu/bms/PDF/640_RM_endangsld.pdf |date=2010-08-15 }}, p. 16. Colorado State University, 2006. 
</ref> 

== Other uses ==
Electroejaculation may also be used for [[posthumous sperm retrieval]] in brain-dead humans.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Shefi|first1=Shai|last2=Raviv|first2=Gil|last3=Eisenberg|first3=Michael L.|last4=Weissenberg|first4=Ruth|last5=Jalalian|first5=Liza|last6=Levron|first6=Jacob|last7=Band|first7=Gili|last8=Turek|first8=Paul J.|last9=Madgar|first9=Igael|date=2006-11-01|title=Posthumous sperm retrieval: analysis of time interval to harvest sperm|url=https://academic.oup.com/humrep/article/21/11/2890/2939154|journal=Human Reproduction|language=en|volume=21|issue=11|pages=2890–2893|doi=10.1093/humrep/del232|pmid=16959804|issn=0268-1161|doi-access=free}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Artificial vagina#Veterinary use]]
* [[Cryoconservation of animal genetic resources]]
* [[Erotic electrostimulation]]
* [[Frozen bovine semen#How semen is collected]]
* [[Horse breeding]]
* [[Semen collection]]
* [[Vibroejaculation]]
* [[JoGayle Howard]], pioneer in animal electroejaculation techniques

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/reprod/semeneval/collection.html Semen collection techniques]: the artificial vagina, digital manipulation, and electroejaculation.


[[Category:Andrology]]
[[Category:Reproduction in mammals]]
[[Category:Animal breeding]]
[[Category:Artificial insemination]]
[[Category:Ejaculation inducing devices]]