Editing Eli Lilly and Company

{{Short description|American pharmaceutical company}}
{{other uses|Eli Lilly (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use American English|date=June 2024}}
{{cs1 config |display-authors=6}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Eli Lilly and Company
| logo = Eli Lilly and Company.svg
| image = Eli Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.jpg
| image_caption = Eli Lilly and Company's headquarters in [[Indianapolis|Indianapolis, Indiana]].
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| traded_as = {{unbulleted list|{{NYSE|LLY}}|[[S&P 100]] component|[[S&P 500]] component}}
| ISIN = {{ISIN|sl=n|pl=y|US5324571083}}
| founder = [[Eli Lilly]]
| key_people = {{ubl
| David A. Ricks ([[Chair (officer)|chair]], [[President (corporate title)|president]], & [[Chief Executive Officer|CEO]])
 }}
| industry = [[Pharmaceutical industry|Pharmaceutical]]
| products = [[Medication|Pharmaceutical drugs]]
| revenue = {{Increase}} {{US$|45.04 billion|link=yes}} (2024)
| operating_income = {{Increase}} {{US$|12.90 billion}} (2024)
| net_income = {{Increase}} {{US$|10.59 billion}} (2024)
| assets = {{Increase}} {{US$|78.71 billion}} (2024)
| equity = {{Increase}} {{US$|14.19 billion}} (2024)
| num_employees = 47,000 (2024)
| founded = {{Start date and age|1876}}
| hq_location = [[Indianapolis]], Indiana, U.S.
| owner = [[Lilly Endowment]] (10.8%)
| website = {{url|https://lilly.com}}
| footnotes = <ref>{{cite news | title=Google Parent Alphabet Poaches Eli Lilly Finance Chief Ashkenazi | website=MSN | date=5 June 2024 | url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/money/companies/google-parent-alphabet-poaches-eli-lilly-finance-chief-ashkenazi/ar-BB1nG8FK | access-date=16 June 2024}}</ref><ref name=10K>{{cite web |url=https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/59478/000005947825000067/lly-20241231.htm |title=Eli Lilly and Company 2024 Annual Report (Form 10-K) |date=February 19, 2025 |publisher=[[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://investor.lilly.com/static-files/b5c56281-bc31-48c3-9e63-5e6cd588dff5 | title=Eli Lilly and Company 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K | date=21 February 2024 | format=PDF |publisher=Eli Lilly }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sec.gov/ixviewer/ix.html?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0000059478/000005947823000120/lly-20230317.htm |title=Eli Lilly and Company 2023 Proxy Statement (Form DEF 14A) |date=17 March 2023 |publisher=[[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]] |access-date=21 February 2024 }}</ref><ref name=proxy>{{cite web|url=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/lilly-promotes-anat-ashkenazi-to-cfo-says-previous-cfo-had-inappropriate-communication-with-employees-2021-02-09|date=9 February 2021|access-date=20 February 2021|first1=Jaimy|last1=Lee|title=Lilly promotes Anat Ashkenazi to CFO, says previous CFO had 'inappropriate' communication with employees|website=MarketWatch|archive-date=9 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209212406/https://www.marketwatch.com/story/lilly-promotes-anat-ashkenazi-to-cfo-says-previous-cfo-had-inappropriate-communication-with-employees-2021-02-09|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}

'''Eli Lilly and Company''', [[Trade name|doing business as]] '''Lilly''', is an American multinational [[Medication|pharmaceutical]] company headquartered in [[Indianapolis]], Indiana, with offices in 18 countries. Its products are sold in approximately 125 countries. The company was founded in 1876 by [[Eli Lilly]], a pharmaceutical [[chemist]] and [[Union army]] veteran during the [[American Civil War]] for whom the company was later named.<ref>{{Cite web|title=A history of... Eli Lilly & Co -|url=https://pharmaphorum.com/views-and-analysis/a-history-of-eli-lilly-co/|last=HannahBlake|date=29 July 2013|website=pharmaphorum.com|access-date=14 May 2020|archive-date=1 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220801022705/https://pharmaphorum.com/views-and-analysis/a-history-of-eli-lilly-co/|url-status=live}}</ref>

As of October 2024, Lilly is the most valuable drug company in the world with a $842 billion market capitalization, the highest valuation ever achieved to date by a drug company.<ref name="Barnes" />  The company is ranked 127th on the [[Fortune 500|''Fortune'' 500]] with revenue of $34.12 billion.<ref>{{cite web | title=Eli Lilly | website=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] | date=17 December 2023 | url=https://fortune.com/company/eli-lilly/ | access-date=16 June 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240616224442/https://fortune.com/company/eli-lilly/ | archive-date=16 June 2024 | url-status=live }}</ref> It is ranked 221st on the [[Forbes Global 2000|''Forbes'' Global 2000]] list of the world's largest publicly-traded companies<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.forbes.com/companies/eli-lilly-co/ | title=Forbes: The World's Biggest Public Companies | work=[[Forbes]] | access-date=13 November 2017 | archive-date=10 April 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200410222044/https://www.forbes.com/companies/eli-lilly-co/ | url-status=live }}</ref> and 252nd on ''[[Forbes]]''{{'}} list of "America's Best Employers".<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.forbes.com/companies/lilly/ | title=Forbes: America's Best Employers | work=[[Forbes]] | access-date=13 November 2017 | archive-date=4 November 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171104051654/https://www.forbes.com/companies/lilly/ | url-status=live }}</ref>

Lilly is known for its [[Major depressive disorder|clinical depression]] drugs Prozac ([[fluoxetine]]) (1986), Cymbalta ([[duloxetine]]) (2004), and its [[antipsychotic]] medication Zyprexa ([[olanzapine]]) (1996). The company's primary revenue drivers are the [[diabetes]] drugs Humalog ([[insulin lispro]]) (1996) and Trulicity ([[dulaglutide]]) (2014).<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://fortune.com/company/eli-lilly/ | title=Eli Lilly Company Profile | access-date=23 April 2022 | archive-date=26 April 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220426045633/https://fortune.com/company/eli-lilly/ | url-status=live }}</ref>

Lilly was the first company to mass-produce both the [[polio vaccine]], developed in 1955 by [[Jonas Salk]], and [[insulin]]. It was one of the first pharmaceutical companies to produce human [[insulin]] using [[recombinant DNA]],  including Humulin ([[Insulin (medication)|insulin medication]]), Humalog ([[insulin lispro]]), and the first approved [[biosimilar]] insulin product in the U.S., Basaglar ([[insulin glargine]]).<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.indystar.com/story/money/2015/12/28/10-all-time-greatest-eli-lilly-drugs/76070470/ | title=10 all-time greatest Eli Lilly drugs | first=Jeff | last=Swiatek | work=[[The Indianapolis Star]] | date=28 December 2015 | access-date=13 November 2017 | archive-date=1 August 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220801022704/https://www.indystar.com/story/money/2015/12/28/10-all-time-greatest-eli-lilly-drugs/76070470/ | url-status=live }}</ref>  Lilly brought [[exenatide]] to market—the first of the [[GLP-1 receptor agonist]]s<ref name="Pollack2" />—followed by blockbuster drugs in the same class such as Mounjaro and Zepbound ([[tirzepatide]]).<ref name="Barnes" /> 

As of 1997, it was both the largest corporation and the largest charitable benefactor in Indiana.<ref name=p58>{{cite book | first=Nelson | last=Price |title=Indiana Legends: Famous Hoosiers from Johnny Appleseed to David Letterman|publisher=Guild Press of Indiana |year=1997 |pages=58 |location=Carmel, Indiana|isbn=978-1-57860-006-9}}</ref> In 2009, Lilly pleaded guilty for illegally marketing Zyprexa and agreed to pay a $1.415 billion penalty that included a criminal fine of $515 million, the largest ever in a healthcare case and the largest criminal fine for an individual corporation ever imposed in a U.S. criminal prosecution of any kind at the time.<ref name="usdoj-2009" /><ref name=":1" />

Lilly is a full member of the [[Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.phrma.org/about/members |title=Members |publisher=Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America |access-date=14 February 2019 |archive-date=19 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190219001842/https://www.phrma.org/about/members |url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations]] (EFPIA).<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.sdggroup.com/en/lilly | title=SDG Group Customers: Eli Lilly | publisher=SDG Group | access-date=13 November 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171114145122/http://www.sdggroup.com/en/lilly | archive-date=14 November 2017 | url-status=dead }}</ref>

==History==
===Founding===
{{main|Eli Lilly}}
[[File:Colonel eli lilly in 1885-full.JPG|thumb|[[Eli Lilly]] (1838–1898), a [[Union army]] officer who founded the company in 1876]]

The company was founded by Colonel [[Eli Lilly]], a [[pharmacist|pharmaceutical chemist]] and [[Union army]] veteran of the [[American Civil War]]. Lilly served as the company president until his death in 1898.<ref name="IHSHBR1">{{cite web|url=http://www.indianahistory.org/our-services/books-publications/hbr/eli-lilly.pdf|title=Eli Lilly & Company|publisher=[[Indiana Historical Society]]|location=Indianapolis|page=1|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160729072945/http://www.indianahistory.org/our-services/books-publications/hbr/eli-lilly.pdf|archive-date=29 July 2016|access-date=26 February 2013}}</ref>

In 1869, after working for drugstores in Indiana, Lilly became a partner in a [[Paris, Illinois]]-based drugstore with James W. Binford.<ref name=b911>{{cite book|title=The Encyclopedia of Indianapolis|editor-first1=David J. | editor-last1=Bodenhamer | editor-first2=Robert G. | editor-last2=Barrows |publisher=Indiana University Press | location =Bloomington and Indianapolis | year=1994 |page=911| isbn=978-0-253-31222-8}}</ref> Four years later, in 1873, Lilly left the partnership with Binford, and returned to [[Indianapolis]]. In 1874, Lilly partnered with John F. Johnston, and opened a drug manufacturing operation called Johnston and Lilly. 

Two years later, in 1876, Lilly dissolved the partnership, and used his share of the assets to open his own pharmaceutical manufacturing business, Eli Lilly and Company, in Indianapolis.<ref name="LillyBio">{{cite web|url=http://www.in.gov/governorhistory/mitchdaniels/files/Press/lillybio.pdf|title=Colonel Eli Lilly (1838–1898)|date=January 2008|publisher=Lilly Archives|access-date=24 October 2016|archive-date=18 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161118043556/http://www.in.gov/governorhistory/mitchdaniels/files/Press/lillybio.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="m6">{{cite book|first=James H. | last=Madison|url=https://archive.org/details/elilillylife188500madi/page/6|title=Eli Lilly: A Life, 1885&ndash;1977|publisher=Indiana Historical Society|year=1989|isbn=978-0-87195-047-5|location=Indianapolis|page=[https://archive.org/details/elilillylife188500madi/page/6 6]}}</ref> The sign outside, above the shop's door, read: "Eli Lilly, Chemist."<ref name=IHSHBR1/><ref name=b540 /><ref>The [[Indiana Historical Society]] recreated a replica of the first Lilly laboratory on Pearl Street for its exhibition, "You Are There: ''Eli Lilly at the Beginning''," at the [[Indiana Historical Society|Eugene and Marilyn Glick Indiana History Center]] in Indianapolis. The temporary exhibition (1 October 2016, to 20 January 2018) also included costumed interpreters portraying Colonel Lilly and others. See {{cite news | title =The Man Behind State's Most Successful Startup | newspaper =Kendallville New Sun | location =Kendallville, Indiana | publisher =KPC News | date =9 September 2016 | url =http://kpcnews.com/features/life/kpcnews/article_1d087ec0-abcb-5641-844d-4ceeaa6b4c5a.html | access-date =21 October 2016 | archive-date =4 August 2020 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20200804181012/https://www.kpcnews.com/features/life/kpcnews/article_1d087ec0-abcb-5641-844d-4ceeaa6b4c5a.html | url-status =live }} See also {{cite journal| editor-last=Alvarez | editor-first=Tom | title =Fall Arts Guide| journal =UNITE Indianapolis| page =32| publisher =Joey Amato| location =Indianapolis| date =Fall 2016| url =https://issuu.com/unitemagazine/docs/indy_fall_2016_web| access-date =24 October 2016| archive-date =12 January 2017| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20170112050826/https://issuu.com/unitemagazine/docs/indy_fall_2016_web| url-status =live}}</ref> 

Lilly began his manufacturing venture with three employees, including his son, [[Josiah K. Lilly Sr.|Josiah]] (J. K.).<ref name=p59/><ref name = m6/> One of the first medicines that Lilly produced was [[quinine]], a drug used to treat [[malaria]], a [[mosquito-borne disease]].<ref name=p57>Price, ''Indiana Legends'', p. 57.</ref> By the end of 1876, sales reached $4,470.<ref name=p57/>

===19th century===
In 1878, Lilly hired his brother, James, as his first full-time salesman, and the subsequent sales team marketed the company's drugs nationally.<ref name=Kahn23>{{cite book | first=E. J. | last=Kahn | title=All In A Century: The First 100 Years of Eli Lilly and Company | year =1975 | location =West Cornwall, CT |page=23| oclc=5288809}}</ref> By 1879, the company had grown to $48,000 in sales.<ref name=p57/>

The company moved its Indianapolis headquarters from Pearl Street to larger quarters at 36 South [[Meridian Street (Indianapolis)|Meridian Street]]. In 1881, the company moved to its current headquarters in Indianapolis's south-side industrial area, and the company later purchased additional facilities for research and production.<ref name=IHSHBR14>{{cite web | title =Eli Lilly & Company | page =1 and 4 | url =http://www.indianahistory.org/our-services/books-publications/hbr/eli-lilly.pd| access-date =26 February 2013 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20160729072945/http://www.indianahistory.org/our-services/books-publications/hbr/eli-lilly.pdf | archive-date =29 July 2016 | url-status =dead }}</ref><ref name=m27>Madison, ''Eli Lilly'', p. 27.</ref> The same year, Lilly incorporated the business as Eli Lilly and Company, elected a board of directors, and issued stock to family members and close associates.<ref name=Kahn23/>

Lilly's first innovative product was [[gelatin]]-coating for pills and capsules. The company's other early innovations included fruit flavorings and sugarcoated pills, which made the medicines easier to swallow.<ref name=p59/>

In 1882, Colonel Lilly's only son, [[Josiah K. Lilly Sr.]] (J. K.), a pharmaceutical chemist, graduated from the [[University of the Sciences|Philadelphia College of Pharmacy]] in [[Philadelphia]], and returned to Indianapolis to join the family business as a superintendent of its laboratory.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Lilly, Josiah Kirby|encyclopedia=Who's Who in America: A Biographical Dictionary of Notable Living Men and Women of the United States|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OlIlod0IyTkC|year=1916|editor=Albert Nelson Marquis|publisher=A. N. Marquis & Company|page=1482}}</ref><ref name=b911/><ref name =PriceLegends59>{{cite book|author=Nelson Price |title=Indiana Legends: Famous Hoosiers From Johnny Appleseed to David Letterman|publisher=Guild Press of Indiana |year=1997 |page=59|location=Carmel, IN|isbn=1-57860-006-5}}</ref>

In 1883, the company contracted to mix and sell Succus Alteran, its first widely successful product and one its best sellers. The product was marketed as a "blood purifier" and as a treatment for [[syphilis]], some types of [[rheumatism]], and skin diseases such as [[Dermatitis|eczema]] and [[psoriasis]].<ref name="m27" /><ref name="MadisonM72">{{cite journal | author =James H. Madison | title =Manufacturing Pharmaceuticals: Eli Lilly and Company, 1876–1948 | journal =Business and Economic History | volume =18 | page =72 | publisher =Business History Conference | year =1989 | url =http://www.thebhc.org/publications/BEHprint/v018/p0072-p0078.pdf | access-date =20 February 2013 | url-status =dead | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20130514134313/http://thebhc.org/publications/BEHprint/v018/p0072-p0078.pdf | archive-date =14 May 2013 }}</ref> Sales from the product provided funds for Lilly to expand its manufacturing and research facilities.<ref name="IHSHBR2">{{cite web|url=http://www.indianahistory.org/our-services/books-publications/hbr/eli-lilly.pdf|title=Eli Lilly & Company|page=2|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160729072945/http://www.indianahistory.org/our-services/books-publications/hbr/eli-lilly.pdf|archive-date=29 July 2016|access-date=26 February 2013}}</ref> By the late 1880s, Colonel Lilly was one of the Indianapolis area's leading businessmen, whose company had over 100 employees and $200,000 (${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|200000|1885|2015}}}} in 2015 chained dollars) in annual sales.<ref name="b911" />

In 1890, Colonel Lilly fully turned over the day-to-day management of the business to J. K., who ran the company for 34 years. The 1890s were a tumultuous decade economically, but the company flourished.<ref name = b911/><ref name = p60>Price, ''Indiana Legends'', p. 60.</ref> In 1894, Lilly purchased a manufacturing plant to be used solely for creating capsules. The company also made several technological advances in the manufacturing process, including automating its capsule production. Over the next few years the company annually created tens of millions of capsules and pills.<ref name=PodczekJones>{{cite book|title=Pharmaceutical Capsules|first1=Fridrun | last1=Podczeck |first2=Brian E. |last2=Jones |pages=12–13|publisher=Pharmaceutical Press |year=2004 |location=Chicago|isbn=978-0-85369-568-4}}</ref>

In 1898, Lilly's son, J. K. Lilly, inherited the company and became its president following Colonel Lilly's death.<ref name=b913>Bodenhamer and Barrows, eds., p. 913.</ref><ref name="IHSHBR3">{{cite web|url=http://www.indianahistory.org/our-services/books-publications/hbr/eli-lilly.pdf|title=Eli Lilly & Company|publisher=Indiana Historical Society|page=3|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160729072945/http://www.indianahistory.org/our-services/books-publications/hbr/eli-lilly.pdf|archive-date=29 July 2016|access-date=26 February 2013}}</ref> At the time of Colonel Lilly's death, the company had a product line of 2,005 items and annual sales of more than $300,000 (${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|300000|1898|2015}}}} in 2015 chained dollars).<ref name=bb912>Bodenhamer and Barrows, eds., p. 912.</ref> Colonel Lilly was a pioneer in the modern pharmaceutical industry, with many of his early innovations later becoming standard practice. His ethical reforms in a trade that was marked by outlandish claims of miracle medicines began a period of rapid advancement in the development of medicinal drugs.<ref>Madison, ''Eli Lilly'', pp. 17–18, 21.</ref> J. K. Lilly continued to advocate for federal regulation on medicines.<ref>Madison, ''Eli Lilly'', pp. 51, 112–15.</ref>

As the Lilly company grew, other businesses set up operations near the plant on Indianapolis's near south side. The area developed into one of the city's major business and industrial hubs. Lilly's production, manufacturing, research, and administrative operations in Indianapolis eventually occupied a complex of more than two dozen buildings, which covered 15-block area, in addition to its production plants along Kentucky Avenue.<ref>{{cite book |first1=Robert M. |last1=Taylor Jr. |first2=Errol Wayne |last2=Stevens |first3=Mary Ann |last3=Ponder |first4=Paul | last4=Brockman | title=Indiana: A New Historical Guide | publisher =Indiana Historical Society | year =1989 | location =Indianapolis | page =423 | isbn=978-0-87195-048-2}}</ref>

In addition to Colonel Lilly, his brother, James, and son, Josiah (J. K.), the growing company employed other Lilly family. Colonel Lilly's cousin, Evan Lilly, was hired as a bookkeeper.<ref name=p60/> As young boys, Lilly's grandsons, [[Eli Lilly (industrialist, born 1885)|Eli]] and [[Josiah K. Lilly Jr.|Josiah Jr.]] (Joe), ran errands and performed other odd jobs. Eli and Joe joined the family business after college. Eventually, each grandson served as company president and chairman of the board.<ref name="IHSHBR256">{{cite web | title =Eli Lilly & Company | pages =2, 5 and 6 | url =http://www.indianahistory.org/our-services/books-publications/hbr/eli-lilly.pdf | access-date =26 February 2013 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20160729072945/http://www.indianahistory.org/our-services/books-publications/hbr/eli-lilly.pdf | archive-date =29 July 2016 | url-status =dead }}</ref>

Under J. K.'s leadership, the company introduced scientific management concepts, organized the company's research department, increased its sales force, and began international distribution of its products.<ref name=IHSindustry3>{{cite web | title =The Pharmaceutical Industry in Indiana | publisher =Indiana Historical Society | location =Indianapolis | page =3 | url =http://www.indianahistory.org/teachers-students/plan-a-field-trip/The%20Pharmaceutical%20Industry%20in%20Indiana.pdf | access-date =20 February 2013 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20130608203946/http://www.indianahistory.org/teachers-students/plan-a-field-trip/The%20Pharmaceutical%20Industry%20in%20Indiana.pdf | archive-date =8 June 2013 | url-status =dead }}</ref>

For the rest of the late 19th century, Lilly operated in Indianapolis and the surrounding area as many other pharmaceutical businesses did, manufacturing and selling "sugar-coated pills, fluid extracts, elixirs, and syrups".<ref name=MadisonM72/> The company used plants for its raw materials and produced its products by hand. One historian noted, "Although the Indianapolis firm was more careful in making and promoting drugs than the patent medicine men of the era, the company remained ambivalent about scientific research."<ref name=MadisonM72/>

===20th century===
[[File:Eli Lilly Medicines, 1906.jpg|thumb|An assortment of Lilly's [[throat lozenge]]s from a 1906 sales book]]
[[File:Josiah K. Lilly.jpg|thumb|[[Josiah K. Lilly Sr.]] (1861&ndash;1948), the company's second president]]
[[File:Eli Lilly and Company Headquarters ca1919 b1007511 003 tif zs25x9459.png|thumb|Eli Lilly and Company's corporate headquarters in [[Indianapolis]], {{Circa|1919}}]]
[[File:Views in Elastic Filled Capsule Department b1007511 008 tif bn999778q.tiff|thumb|Men and women workers preparing drug capsules at Eli Lilly and Company in 1919]]
[[File:Belladonna cultivation Hand book of pharmacy and therapeutics b1007511 005 tif 5x21tg304.tiff|thumb|''[[Amaryllis belladonna]]'' cultivation at Eli Lilly and Company in 1919]]
[[File:Eli Lilly global manufacturing plants.png|thumb|Eli Lilly's present-day global manufacturing plants]]

In 1905, J. K. Lilly oversaw a large expansion of the company, and it reached annual sales of $1 million (${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|1000000|1905|2015}}}} in 2015 chained dollars).<ref name=IHSHBR3/>

Before and after [[World War I]], the company experienced rapid growth,<ref name=MadisonM72/> including expanded manufacturing facilities at its McCarty Street plant, which improved production capacity with a new Science Building (Building 14), opened in 1911, and a new capsule plant (Building 15) in 1913.<ref>Madison, ''Eli Lilly'', p. 30.</ref> In 1913, the company began construction of [[Lilly Biological Laboratories]], a research and manufacturing plant on 150 acres near [[Greenfield, Indiana]].<ref>{{cite book | author=Taylor|title =Indiana: A New Historical Guide | page =481|display-authors=etal}}</ref><ref name="SHAARD">{{cite web| url = https://secure.in.gov/apps/dnr/shaard/welcome.html| title = Indiana State Historic Architectural and Archaeological Research Database (SHAARD)| publisher = Department of Natural Resources, Division of Historic Preservation and Archaeology| format = Searchable database| access-date = 1 April 2016| archive-date = 23 November 2018| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181123193539/https://secure.in.gov/apps/dnr/shaard/welcome.html| url-status = live}} ''Note:'' This includes {{cite web| url = https://secure.in.gov/apps/dnr/shaard/r/1b3be/N/Lilly_Biological_Labs_Hancock_CO_Nom.pdf| title = National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form: Lilly Biological Laboratories| access-date = 1 April 2016| author = Eugene F. Rodman| date = April 1976| archive-date = 28 February 2017| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170228165733/https://secure.in.gov/apps/dnr/shaard/r/1b3be/N/Lilly_Biological_Labs_Hancock_CO_Nom.pdf| url-status = live}} and Accompanying photographs.</ref>

In addition to development of new medicines, the company achieved several technological advances, including automation of its production facilities. Lilly was also an innovator in pill capsule manufacturing. It was among the first manufacturers to insert medications into empty gelatin capsules, which provided a more exact dosage.<ref name=IHSHBR1/> Lilly manufactured capsules for its own needs and sold its excess capacity to others.<ref name=MadisonM73>Madison, "Manufacturing Pharmaceuticals," ''Business and Economic History'', p. 73.</ref> 

In 1917, ''[[Scientific American]]'' described Lilly as "the largest capsule factory in the world" and reported that the company was "capable of producing 2.5 million capsules a day".<ref name=MadisonM73/> One of Lilly's early innovations was fruit flavoring for medicines and sugar-coated pills to make their medicines easier to swallow.<ref name = p59>Price, ''Indiana Legends'', p. 59.</ref> Over the next few years, the company began to create tens of millions of capsules and pills annually.<ref name=PodczekJones/>

Other advances improved plant efficiency and eliminated production errors. In 1909, [[Eli Lilly (industrialist, born 1885)|Eli Lilly]], grandson of the company's founder, introduced a method for blueprinting manufacturing tickets,<ref>Madison, ''Eli Lilly'', p. 29.</ref> which created multiples copies of a drug formula and helped eliminate manufacturing and transcription errors.<ref name=MadisonM73/> 

In 1919, Josiah hired biochemist [[George Henry Alexander Clowes]] as director of biochemical research.

In the 1920s, Eli introduced the new concept of straight-line production to the pharmaceutical industry, where raw materials entered at one end of the facility and the finished product came out the other end, in the company's manufacturing process. Under Eli's supervision, the design for Building 22, a new five-floor plant that opened in Indianapolis in 1926, implemented the straight-line concept to improve production efficiency and lower production costs.<ref>Madison, ''Eli Lilly'', p. 46.</ref><ref name=MadisonM74>Madison, "Manufacturing Pharmaceuticals," ''Business and Economic History'', p. 74.</ref> One historian noted, "It was probably the most sophisticated production system in the American pharmaceutical industry."<ref name=MadisonM74/> This more efficient manufacturing process also allowed the company to hire a regular workforce. Instead of recalling workers at peak times and laying them off when production demand fell, Lilly's regular workforce produced less-costly medicines in off-peak times using the same manufacturing facilities.<ref name="IHSHBR256"/>

During the 1920s, the introduction of new products brought the company financial success.<ref name=MadisonM72/> In 1921, three [[University of Toronto]] scientists, [[John Macleod (physiologist)|John Macleod]], [[Frederick Banting]], and [[Charles Best (medical scientist)|Charles Best]], were working on the development of [[insulin]] for treatment of diabetes.<ref name="MadisonM76" /> Clowes proposed a collaboration with the researchers in December 1921, and then again March and May 1922. The researchers were hesitant to work with a commercial drug firm, particularly since they had the [[Connaught Laboratories]]' non-commercial facilities at hand. But as limits were reached at the scale to which Connaught could produce insulin, Clowes and Eli Lilly met with the researchers in 1922 to negotiate an agreement with the University of Toronto scientists to mass-produce insulin.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7uhtHQAACAAJ|title=The Discovery of Insulin|last=Bliss|first=Michael|date=1984|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=9780226058986|access-date=28 October 2020|archive-date=1 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220801022704/https://books.google.com/books?id=7uhtHQAACAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://connaught.research.utoronto.ca/history/article3/|title=Connaught Laboratories & The Making of Insulin|last=Rutty|first=Christopher J.|website=Connaught Fund|access-date=20 June 2019|archive-date=28 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190628233926/http://connaught.research.utoronto.ca/history/article3/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>Madison, ''Eli Lilly'', p. 55&ndash;57.</ref> The collaboration greatly accelerated the large-scale production of the extract.<ref name="Roberts">{{cite journal|last1=Roberts|first1=Jacob|title=Sickening sweet|journal=Distillations|date=2015|volume=1|issue=4|pages=12–15|url=https://www.sciencehistory.org/distillations/magazine/sickening-sweet|access-date=20 March 2018|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113141421/https://www.sciencehistory.org/distillations/magazine/sickening-sweet|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1923, the company began selling Iletin, the company's tradename for the first commercially available insulin product in the U.S for the treatment of diabetes.<ref name="MLilly61">Madison, ''Eli Lilly'', p. 61.</ref> Numerous objections were registered by the Insulin Committee of the University of Toronto in regard to Lilly's use of the term "Iletin", although production continued under this name and the objection was later dropped "as a concession".<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7uhtHQAACAAJ|title=The Discovery of Insulin|last=Bliss|first=Michael|date=1984|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=9780226058986|pages=174–175|access-date=28 October 2020|archive-date=28 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128071854/https://books.google.com/books?id=7uhtHQAACAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://insulin.library.utoronto.ca/islandora/object/insulin%3AW10044|title=Notes on the history of the Insulin Committee's objection to Lilly's use of the term Iletin|last=Hutchison|first=F. Lorne|date=18 October 1924|website=University of Toronto Libraries|access-date=20 June 2019|archive-date=20 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190620180057/https://insulin.library.utoronto.ca/islandora/object/insulin:W10044|url-status=live}}</ref>

Also in 1923, Banting and Macleod were awarded the [[Nobel Prize]] for their research, which they subsequently shared with co-discoverers [[Charles Best (medical scientist)|Charles Best]] and [[James Collip]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://insulin.library.utoronto.ca/islandora/object/insulin%3AT10091|title=Insulin wins a great prize|date=8 December 1923|website=University of Toronto Libraries|publisher=Literary Digest|location=New York, NY|access-date=20 June 2019|archive-date=20 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190620180101/https://insulin.library.utoronto.ca/islandora/object/insulin:T10091|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://insulin.library.utoronto.ca/islandora/object/insulin%3AA10013|title=Citation to F. G. Banting and J. J. R. Macleod accompanying the Nobel Prize|date=1923|website=University of Toronto Libraries|publisher=Royal Karolinska Institute|location=Stockholm, Sweden|access-date=20 June 2019|archive-date=30 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190530192615/https://insulin.library.utoronto.ca/islandora/object/insulin%3AA10013|url-status=live}}</ref> Insulin, "the most important drug" in the company's history, did "more than any other" to make Lilly "one of the major pharmaceutical manufacturers in the world."<ref name="MadisonM76" /> Eli Lilly and Company enjoyed an effective monopoly on the sale of insulin in the U.S. for almost two years, until the first of the new American licensees, Frederick Stearns & Co., entered the market in June 1924.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7uhtHQAACAAJ|title=The Discovery of Insulin|last=Bliss|first=Michael|date=1984|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=9780226058986|pages=181|access-date=28 October 2020|archive-date=28 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128071854/https://books.google.com/books?id=7uhtHQAACAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref>

The success of insulin enabled the company to attract scientists and, with them, make more medical advances. By the company's 50th anniversary in 1926, its sales had reached $9 million and it was producing over 2,800 products.<ref name="IHSHBR256"/>

In 1928, Lilly introduced Liver Extract 343 for the treatment of [[pernicious anemia]], a blood disorder, in a joint venture with two [[Harvard University]] scientists, [[George Minot]] and [[William P. Murphy]]. In 1930, Lilly introduced Liver Extract No. 55 in collaboration with [[George Whipple]], a [[University of Rochester]] scientist.<ref>Madison, ''Eli Lilly'', p. 66&ndash;67.</ref> Four years later, in 1934, Minot, Murphy, and Whipple were awarded the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] for their research.<ref name="MLilly67">Madison, ''Eli Lilly'', p. 67.</ref>

In the 1930s, the company also continued expansion overseas.<ref name=MLilly111>Madison, ''Eli Lilly'', p. 111.</ref> In 1934, Eli Lilly and Company Limited, the company's first overseas subsidiary was established in [[London]], and a manufacturing plant was opened in [[Basingstoke]].<ref name=IHSHBR5/><ref name="MLilly111"/>

In 1932, despite the economic challenges of the [[Great Depression]], Lilly's sales rose to $13 million.<ref name=IHSHBR5/> The same year, Eli Lilly, eldest grandson of Col. Lilly who had joined the company in 1909, was named as the company's president, succeeding his father, who remained as chairman of the board until 1948.<ref name=IHSHBR3/> In his early years at the company, Eli was especially interested in improving production efficiency and introduced a number of labor-saving devices. He also introduced scientific management principles, implemented cost-savings measures that modernized the company,<ref>Madison, ''Eli Lilly'', p. 28&ndash;34.</ref> and expanded the company's research efforts and collaborations with university researchers.<ref>Madison, ''Eli Lilly'', p. 62&ndash;65.</ref>

In 1934, the firm opened two new facilities on the McCarty Street complex: a replica of Lilly's 1876 laboratory and the new Lilly Research Laboratories, "one of the most fully equipped facilities in the world."<ref>Madison, ''Eli Lilly'', p. 91.</ref> 

During [[World War II]], the company expanded production to a new high, manufacturing [[Thiomersal|merthiolate]], an [[Organomercury chemistry|organomercury]] compound, and [[penicillin]], a [[Beta-lactam antibiotics|beta-lactam antibiotic]]. Lilly also cooperated with the [[American Red Cross]] to process [[blood plasma]]. By the end of World War II, the company had dried over two million pints of blood, "about 20 percent of the United States' total".<ref name="Madison, Eli Lilly, p. 105">Madison, ''Eli Lilly'', p. 105.</ref> Merthiolate, first introduced in 1930, was an "antiseptic and germicide" that became a [[United States Army|U.S. Army]] standard issue during World War II.<ref>Madison, ''Eli Lilly'', p. 65 and 106.</ref><ref name=MLilly65>{{cite book | last =Madison | first =James H. | title =Eli Lilly: A Life, 1885&ndash;1977 | page =[https://archive.org/details/elilillylife188500madi/page/65 65] | publisher =Indiana Historical Society | year =1989 | location =Indianapolis | isbn =978-0-87195-047-5 | url =https://archive.org/details/elilillylife188500madi/page/65 }}</ref><ref>Madison, ''Eli Lilly'', p. 107&ndash;8.</ref>

International operations expanded even further during World War II.<ref name=MLilly111/> In 1943, Eli Lilly International Corp. was formed as a subsidiary to encourage business trade abroad. By 1948, Lilly employees worked in 35 countries, most of them as sales representatives in [[Latin America]], [[Asia]], and [[Africa]].<ref name=MLilly111/>

In 1945, Lilly began a major expansion effort that included two manufacturing operations in Indianapolis. The company purchased the massive Curtiss-Wright propeller plant on Kentucky Avenue, west of the company's McCarty Street operation. When renovation was completed in mid-1947, the Kentucky Avenue location manufactured [[antibiotics]] and capsules and housed the company's shipping department.<ref>Madison, ''Eli Lilly'', p. 110.</ref> By 1948, Lilly employed nearly 7,000 people.<ref name=b540>Bodenhamer and Barrows, p. 540.</ref>

In 1948, Eli Lilly, who served as the company's president since 1932, retired from active management, became chairman of the board, and relinquished the presidency to his brother, [[Josiah K. Lilly Jr.]] (Joe).<ref>Madison, ''Eli Lilly'', p. 91, 119&ndash;20.</ref> During Eli's 16-year presidency, sales rose from $13 million in 1932 to $117 million in 1948. Joe joined the company in 1914 and concentrated on the company's personnel and marketing efforts.<ref name="bb912"/> He served as company president from 1948 to 1953, then became chairman of the board, and remained in that capacity until his death in 1966.<ref>Madison, ''Eli Lilly'', p. 120 and 249.</ref>

Throughout the mid-20th century, Lilly continued to expand its production facilities outside of Indianapolis. In 1950, Lilly launched Tippecanoe Laboratories in [[Lafayette, Indiana]],<ref name="b541">Bodenhamer and Barrows, p. 541.</ref> and increased [[antibiotic]] production with its patent on [[erythromycin]]. 

In the 1950s, Lilly introduced two new antibiotics, [[vancomycin]], a [[glycopeptide antibiotic]], and [[erythromycin]].<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2018-02-01 |title=A brief history of antibiotics and select advances in their synthesis |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/ja201762 |journal=The Journal of Antibiotics |language=en |volume=71 |issue=2 |pages=153–184 |doi=10.1038/ja.2017.62 |issn=1881-1469 |last1=Nicolaou |first1=Kyriacos C. |last2=Rigol |first2=Stephan |pmid=28676714 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>  In the 1950s and 1960s, as generic drugs began flooding the marketplace after the expiration of patents, Lilly diversified into other areas, including [[agrochemical|agricultural chemicals]], [[veterinary medicine]] products, [[cosmetics]], and [[Medical device|medical instruments]].

In 1952, the company offered its first public shares of stock, which are traded on the [[New York Stock Exchange]].<ref>Price, ''Indiana Legends'', p. 61.</ref> In 1953, Eugene N. Beesley was named the company's new president, the first non-family member to run the company.<ref>{{Cite news|date=9 February 1976|title=Eugene N. Beesley Dead at 67;Ex-Chairman of Eli Lilly &Co.|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1976/02/09/archives/eugene-n-beesley-dead-at-67-exchairman-of-eli-lilly-co.html|access-date=21 July 2020|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=1 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220801022705/https://www.nytimes.com/1976/02/09/archives/eugene-n-beesley-dead-at-67-exchairman-of-eli-lilly-co.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1953, following a company reorganization and transition to non-family management, Lilly continued to expand its global presence. In 1954, Lilly formed [[Elanco|Elanco Products Company]], named after its parent company, for the production of [[Veterinary medicine|veterinary pharmaceuticals]].

Also in 1954, the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, now the [[March of Dimes]], contracted with five pharmaceutical companies, Lilly, [[Cutter Laboratories]], [[Parke-Davis|Parke, Davis and Company]], Pitman-Moore Company, and [[Wyeth|Wyeth Laboratories]] to produce Salk's polio vaccine for [[clinical trials]].<ref name="IHSpolio5">{{cite web | title =Polio and Eli Lilly and Company | publisher =Indiana Historical Society | page =5 | url =http://www.indianahistory.org/teachers-students/plan-a-field-trip/Polio%20and%20Lilly%20background%20essay.pdf | access-date =20 February 2013 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20130608203902/http://www.indianahistory.org/teachers-students/plan-a-field-trip/Polio%20and%20Lilly%20background%20essay.pdf | archive-date =8 June 2013 | url-status =dead }}</ref> Lilly's selection to produce the vaccine was, in part, due to its previous experience in collaborations with university researchers.<ref name="IHSpolio6">{{cite web | title =Polio and Eli Lilly and Company | publisher =Indiana Historical Society | page =6 | url =http://www.indianahistory.org/teachers-students/plan-a-field-trip/Polio%20and%20Lilly%20background%20essay.pdf | access-date =20 February 2013 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20130608203902/http://www.indianahistory.org/teachers-students/plan-a-field-trip/Polio%20and%20Lilly%20background%20essay.pdf | archive-date =8 June 2013 | url-status =dead }}</ref> In 1955, Lilly manufactured 60 percent of Salk's polio vaccine.

In the 1960s, Lilly operated 13 affiliate companies outside the United States.<ref name=IHSHBR6/> In 1962, the company acquired [[The Distillers Company]] and established a major factory in [[Liverpool]], England. In 1968, Lilly built its first research facility outside the United States, the [[Lilly Research Centre]], in [[Surrey]], England. In 1969, the company opened a new plant in [[Clinton, Indiana]].<ref name="b541" /> 

During the 1970s and 1980s, Eli Lilly and Company underwent a flurry of drug production, including [[Cefalexin|Keflex]], an antibiotic, in 1971, [[Dobutamine|Dobutrex]], a [[cardiogenic shock]] heart drug in 1977, [[Cefaclor|Ceclore]], which ultimately became the world's top selling oral antibiotic, in 1979, [[Vindesine|Eldisine]], a [[leukemia]] drug, [[Benoxaprofen|Oraflex]], an [[arthritis]] drug, and [[Dextropropoxyphene|Darvon]], an [[opioid]] drug used in pain management.

In 1971, the company became a component of the [[S&P 500 Index]]. To further diversify its product line, Lilly made an uncharacteristic, but ultimately profitable move in 1971, acquiring cosmetic manufacturer [[Elizabeth Arden, Inc.]] for $38 million. Although Arden continued to lose money for five years after Lilly acquired it, executive management changes at Arden helped to ultimately turn it into a financial success. By 1982, Arden's "sales were up 90 percent from 1978, with profits doubling to nearly $30 million." In 1987, 16 years after acquiring it, Lilly sold Arden to [[Fabergé (cosmetics)|Fabergé]] for $657 million.<ref name=IHSHBR7>{{cite web | title =Eli Lilly & Company | page =7 | url =http://www.indianahistory.org/our-services/books-publications/hbr/eli-lilly.pdf | access-date =26 February 2013 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20160729072945/http://www.indianahistory.org/our-services/books-publications/hbr/eli-lilly.pdf | archive-date =29 July 2016 | url-status =dead }}</ref>

In 1977, Lilly ventured into medical instruments with the acquisition of IVAC Corporation, which manufactures [[vital signs]] and [[intravenous]] fluid infusion monitoring systems.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1977/10/14/archives/eli-lilly-signs-agreement-to-acquire-ivac-corp.html|title=Eli Lilly Signs Agreement To Acquire Ivac Corp.|access-date=17 August 2017|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=14 October 1977|archive-date=15 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615053126/https://www.nytimes.com/1977/10/14/archives/eli-lilly-signs-agreement-to-acquire-ivac-corp.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The same year, Lilly acquired [[Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc.]], a manufacturer of [[Artificial pacemaker|heart pacemakers]]. In 1980, Lilly acquired [[Physio-Control]], a pioneering company in [[defibrillation]]. Other acquisitions included Advance Cardiovascular Systems in 1984, [[Beckman Coulter|Hybritech]] in 1986, Devices for Vascular Intervention, in 1989, Pacific Biotech in 1990, and Origin Medsystems and Heart Rhythm Technologies, in 1992. In the early 1990s, Lilly combined its newly acquired medical equipment companies into a Medical Devices and Diagnostics Division that "contributed about 20 percent" of Lilly's annual revenues.{{Citation needed|date=July 2018}}

In 1989, a joint [[agrochemical]] venture between [[Elanco]] and [[Dow Chemical]] created DowElanco. In 1997, Lilly sold its 40% share in the company to Dow Chemical for $1.2 billion and the name was changed to [[Dow AgroSciences]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-05-16-fi-59266-story.html | title=Dow to Buy Lilly's 40% Stake in Dow Elanco | agency=[[Reuters]] | work=[[Los Angeles Times]] | date=16 May 1997 | access-date=13 November 2017 | archive-date=1 August 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220801022705/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-05-16-fi-59266-story.html | url-status=live }}</ref>

In 1991, Vaughn Bryson was named [[Chief executive officer|CEO]] of Eli Lilly and Company. During Bryson's 20-month tenure, the company reported its first quarterly loss as a publicly traded company.<ref name=KokomoTrib62893/> 

In 1993, [[Randall L. Tobias]], vice chairman of [[AT&T Corporation]] and a Lilly board member, was named Lilly's chairman, president, and CEO after "product and competitive pressures" had "steadily eroded Lilly's stock price since early 1992."<ref name=KokomoTrib62693>{{cite news | last =Associated Press | title =Eli Lilly CEO Resigns in Dispute | newspaper =Kokomo Tribune | location =Kokomi, IN | date =26 June 1993 }}</ref> Tobias was the first president and CEO recruited from outside of the company. Under Tobias's leadership, the company "cut costs and narrowed its mission".<ref name=IHSHBR89>{{cite web | title =Eli Lilly & Company | page =8 and 9 | url =http://www.indianahistory.org/our-services/books-publications/hbr/eli-lilly.pdf | access-date =26 February 2013 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20160729072945/http://www.indianahistory.org/our-services/books-publications/hbr/eli-lilly.pdf | archive-date =29 July 2016 | url-status =dead }}</ref> Lilly sold companies in its Medical Device and Diagnostics Division, expanded international sales, made new acquisitions, and funded additional research and product development. 

In 1994, Lilly acquired PCS Systems, the largest drug benefits [[health maintenance organization]] at the time, for $4 billion, and later added two similar organizations to its holdings.<ref name=IHSHBR8>{{cite web | title =Eli Lilly & Company | page =8 | url =http://www.indianahistory.org/our-services/books-publications/hbr/eli-lilly.pdf | access-date =26 February 2013 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20160729072945/http://www.indianahistory.org/our-services/books-publications/hbr/eli-lilly.pdf | archive-date =29 July 2016 | url-status =dead }}</ref><ref name=Kokomo73194>{{cite news | last =Armor | first =Nancy | title =New Lilly Chief Nurtures Change | newspaper =Kokomo Tribune | date =31 July 1994 }}</ref>

In 1998, [[Sidney Taurel]], Lilly's former chief operating officer, was named CEO, replacing Tobias. Also in 1998, Lilly formed a joint venture with [[Icos|Icos Corporation]] (ICOS), a [[Bothell, Washington]]-based biotechnology company, to develop and commercialize [[Tadalafil|Cialis]], a product for the treatment of [[erectile dysfunction]]. In January 1999, Taurel was named chairman. In 2000, Lilly reported $10.86 billion in net sales.

===21st century===
[[File:Eli Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.jpg|thumb|Eli Lilly and Company's corporate headquarters in [[Indianapolis]], in 2019]]

In September 2002, Lilly agreed to partner with [[Amylin Pharmaceuticals]] to develop and commercialize Amylin's exotic new drug based on exendin-4, a novel substance isolated from the venom of the [[Gila monster]].<ref name="Pollack">{{cite news |last1=Pollack |first1=Andrew |title=Eli Lilly in Deal For the Rights To a New Drug For Diabetes |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/09/21/business/eli-lilly-in-deal-for-the-rights-to-a-new-drug-for-diabetes.html |work=The New York Times |date=September 21, 2002 |page=C1 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Exenatide, the first of the GLP-1 receptor agonists, was approved by the U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] in April 2005.<ref name="Pollack2">{{cite news |last1=Pollack |first1=Andrew |title=Lizard-Derived Diabetes Drug Is Approved by the F.D.A. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/04/30/business/lizardderived-diabetes-drug-is-approved-by-the-fda.html |access-date=November 2, 2024 |work=The New York Times |date=April 30, 2005 |url-access=subscription}}</ref>

In October 2006, Lilly announced its intention to acquire Icos for $2.1 billion, or $32 per share.<ref>{{cite news| agency=Associated Press| title=Lilly Increases Offer for Icos; Shareholders' Vote Is Put Off| work=[[The New York Times]]| date=19 December 2006| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/19/business/19drug.html| access-date=27 February 2013| archive-date=3 June 2013| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603003107/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/19/business/19drug.html| url-status=live}}</ref> After its initial attempt to acquire Icos failed under pressure from large institutional shareholders, Lilly increased its offer to $34 per share. [[Institutional Shareholder Services]] (ISS), a proxy advisory firm, advised Icos shareholders to reject the proposal as undervalued.<ref>{{cite news |first=Luke |last=Timmerman |title=Reject Icos Offer, Holders of Shares Advised |work=[[The Seattle Times]] |date=13 January 2007 |url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/businesstechnology/2003523029_icos13.html |access-date=16 January 2013 |archive-date=24 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524140456/http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/businesstechnology/2003523029_icos13.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=TimmermanProposed>{{cite news |first=Luke |last=Timmerman |title=Proposed Icos Sale Gets More Criticism: Payouts for Execs Called 'Overkill' |work=[[The Seattle Times]] |date=7 November 2006 |url=https://archive.seattletimes.com/archive/20061107/icos07/proposed-icos-sale-gets-more-criticism-payouts-for-execs-called-overkill |access-date=16 January 2013 |archive-date=12 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120612013230/http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=20061107&slug=icos07 |url-status=live }}</ref> But Lilly's offer was approved by Icos' shareholders, and Lilly completed the acquisition of the company in January 2007.<ref>{{cite news |first=Andrea |last=James |title=Icos Voters Approve Buyout by Eli Lilly |work=[[Seattle Post-Intelligencer]] |date=26 January 2007 |url=http://www.seattlepi.com/business/301248_icos26.html |access-date=16 January 2013 |archive-date=1 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220801022705/https://www.seattlepi.com/business/article/Icos-voters-approve-buyout-by-Eli-Lilly-1226465.php |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Eli Lilly Completes Icos Takeover |work=[[The Seattle Times]] |date=30 January 2007 |url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/businesstechnology/2003547114_bizbriefs30.html |access-date=16 January 2013 |archive-date=24 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524140502/http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/businesstechnology/2003547114_bizbriefs30.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Lilly subsequently closed Icos' manufacturing operations, terminated nearly 500 Icos employees, leaving 127 employees working at the biologics facility.<ref name=Tartakoff>{{cite news |first=Joseph |last=Tartakoff |title=New Owner Will Invest $50&nbsp;Million in Icos Facility |work=[[Seattle Post-Intelligencer]] |date=5 December 2007 |url=http://www.seattlepi.com/business/342288_icos05.html |access-date=27 February 2013 |archive-date=1 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220801022706/https://www.seattlepi.com/business/article/New-owner-will-invest-50-million-in-Icos-facility-1257765.php |url-status=live }}</ref> In December 2007, CMC Biopharmaceuticals A/S (CMC), a [[Copenhagen]]-based provider of contract biomanufacturing services, bought the [[Bothell, Washington]]-based biologics facility from Lilly and retained the existing 127 employees.<ref name=TimmermanProposed/><ref name=Tartakoff/><ref>{{cite news |first=Luke |last=Timmerman |title=All Icos Workers Losing Their Jobs |work=[[The Seattle Times]] |date=12 December 2006 |url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/businesstechnology/2003473217_icos12.html |access-date=16 January 2013 |archive-date=24 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524140516/http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/businesstechnology/2003473217_icos12.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In January 2009, the largest criminal [[fine (penalty)|fine]] in U.S. history, totaling $1.415 billion, was imposed on Lilly for illegal marketing of its best-selling product, the [[atypical antipsychotic]] medication, [[Olanzapine|Zyprexa]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://medheadlines.com/2009/02/eli-lilly-gets-14b-fine-for-zyprexa-off-label-marketing/|title=Eli Lilly Gets $1.4B Fine for Zyprexa Off-Label Marketing|work=medheadlines.com|access-date=30 August 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110828050559/http://medheadlines.com/2009/02/eli-lilly-gets-14b-fine-for-zyprexa-off-label-marketing/|archive-date=28 August 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="usdoj-2009" /><ref name=":1" />

In January 2011, [[Boehringer Ingelheim]] and Lilly announced a global agreement to jointly develop and market new [[API]]s for diabetes therapy. Lilly could receive more than $1 billion for their work on the project, while Boehringer Ingelheim could receive more than $800 million from development of the new drugs.<ref>{{cite news | last =Murphy | first =Tom | title =Lilly, Boehringer Collaborate on Diabetes Drugs | newspaper =Anderson Herald Bulletin | location =Anderson, IN | page =A7 | date =12 January 2011 }}</ref> Boehringer Ingelheim's oral anti-diabetic [[Linagliptin]], BI 1077, and two of Lilly's [[insulin analog]]s, LY2605541 and LY2963016, were in phase II and III of clinical development at that time.

In April 2014, Lilly announced plans to acquire [[Switzerland]]-based [[Novartis AG]]'s animal health business for $5.4 billion in cash to strengthen and diversify its Elanco unit. Lilly said it planned to fund the deal with about $3.4 billion of cash on hand and $2 billion of loans.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sen | first=Arnab |editor-last=Warrier | editor-first=Gopakumar |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-novartis-divestiture-eli-lilly-idUSBREA3L08020140422 |title=Eli Lilly to buy Novartis' animal health unit for $5.4 billion |publisher=Reuters |date=22 April 2014 |access-date=21 April 2015 |archive-date=28 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151228154040/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-novartis-divestiture-eli-lilly-idUSBREA3L08020140422 |url-status=live }}</ref> As a condition of the acquisition, the [[Milbemycin oxime/lufenuron|Sentinel heartworm treatment]] was divested to [[Virbac]] in order to avoid a monopoly in a subsector of the heartworm ([[Dirofilaria immitis]]) treatment market.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-lilly-novartis-deal-idUSKBN0K01HX20141222 | title=Lilly must divest Sentinel products after FTC nod on Novartis deal | last=Bartz | first=Diane | date=22 December 2014 | publisher=[[Reuters]] | editor-last=Benkoe | editor-first=Jeffrey | editor2-first=Bernadette | editor2-last=Baum | access-date=5 July 2021 | archive-date=28 January 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128103910/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-lilly-novartis-deal-idUSKBN0K01HX20141222 | url-status=live }}</ref>

In March 2015, the company announced it would join [[Hanmi Pharmaceutical]] in developing and commercializing Hanmi's phase I [[Bruton's tyrosine kinase]] inhibitor [[HM71224]] in a deal that could yield $690 million.<ref>{{cite news | date=19 March 2015 |access-date=21 April 2015 |url=http://www.genengnews.com/gen-news-highlights/eli-lilly-to-co-develop-hanmi-btk-inhibitor-for-up-to-690m/81251050/ |department=GEN News Highlights | title=Eli Lilly to Co-Develop Hanmi BTK Inhibitor for Up-to-$690M | work=[[Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.]] }}</ref> A day later, however, the company announced another deal with [[China]]'s Innovent Biologics to co-develop and commercialize at least three of Innovent's treatments over the next decade, in a deal which could generate up to $456 million; the collaboration was subsequently expanded in 2022, according to Innovent. As part of the deal, the company contributed its c-Met monoclonal antibody, and Innovent contributed a monoclonal antibody, which targets [[CD20|CD-20]]. The second compound from Innovent is a preclinical [[Cancer immunotherapy|immunooncology]] molecule.<ref>{{cite news |date=20 March 2015 |access-date=21 April 2015 |url=http://www.genengnews.com/gen-news-highlights/lilly-joins-innovent-in-up-to-456m-cancer-collaboration/81251053/ |department=GEN News Highlights |title=Lilly Joins Innovent in Up-to-$456M+ Cancer Collaboration |work=[[Gen. Eng. Biotechnol. News|Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News]] |archive-date=23 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150423012331/http://www.genengnews.com/gen-news-highlights/lilly-joins-innovent-in-up-to-456m-cancer-collaboration/81251053 |url-status=live }}</ref> The following week, the company announced it would restart its collaboration with [[Pfizer]] surrounding the Phase III trial of [[Tanezumab]]. Pfizer is expected to receive an upfront sum of $200 million from the company.<ref>{{cite news |last=Philippidis |first=Alex |date=23 March 2015 |url=http://www.genengnews.com/gen-news-highlights/pfizer-lilly-to-resume-phase-iii-tanezumab-clinical-program/81251059/ |title=Pfizer, Lilly to Resume Phase III Tanezumab Clinical Program |department=GEN News Highlights |work=[[Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.]] |access-date=21 April 2015 |archive-date=14 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171114202440/https://www.genengnews.com/gen-news-highlights/pfizer-lilly-to-resume-phase-iii-tanezumab-clinical-program/81251059/ |url-status=live }}</ref> 

In April 2015, Lilly engaged [[CBRE Group]] to sell its [[biomanufacturing]] facility in [[Vacaville, California]],<ref name=plantsale2015 /> a {{convert|52|acre|km2}} campus and facility that is one of the largest biopharmaceutical manufacturing centers in the U.S.<ref name=plantsale2015>{{cite news |title=Eli Lilly Biomanufacturing Plant For Sale |url=http://www.pharmpro.com/news/2015/04/eli-lilly-biomanufacturing-plant-sale |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150422022322/http://www.pharmpro.com/news/2015/04/eli-lilly-biomanufacturing-plant-sale |url-status=dead |archive-date=22 April 2015 |work=[[Advantage Business Media]] |date=21 April 2015 }}</ref>

In January 2017, Elanco Animal Health, a subsidiary of the company completed the acquisition of Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc., a subsidiary of Boehringer Ingelheim's U.S. feline, canine, and rabies vaccines portfolio. 

In March 2017, Lilly acquired CoLucid Pharmaceuticals for $960 million, obtaining the late clinical-stage [[migraine]] therapy candidate, [[lasmiditan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.genengnews.com/gen-news-highlights/lilly-to-buy-colucid-for-960m-to-acquire-late-stage-migraine-drug/81253729|title=Lilly to Buy CoLucid for $960M to Acquire Late-Stage Migraine Drug - GEN Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News - Biotech from Bench to Business - GEN|date=18 January 2017|access-date=18 January 2017|archive-date=19 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170119045525/http://www.genengnews.com/gen-news-highlights/lilly-to-buy-colucid-for-960m-to-acquire-late-stage-migraine-drug/81253729|url-status=live}}</ref> In August 2017, Lilly and [[Shionogi]] jointly licensed their product [[varespladib]] to Ophirex for Ophirex's novel [[snakebite]] treatment program.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lewin |first=Matthew |date=28 August 2017 |title=Ophirex Licenses Lilly - Shionogi Data for Novel Snakebite Treatment Development Program |work=[[Bloomberg L.P.|Bloomberg]] |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/press-releases/2017-08-28/ophirex-licenses-lilly-shionogi-data-for-novel-snakebite-treatment-development-program |access-date=1 July 2022 }}</ref>

In May 2018, Lilly acquired [[Armo Biosciences]] for $1.6 billion.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armo-biosciences-m-a/lilly-to-buy-armo-biosciences-for-16-billion-to-bolster-cancer-pipeline-idUSKBN1IB1KV|title=Lilly to buy Armo Biosciences for $1.6 billion to bolster cancer...|first=Manas|last=Mishra|access-date=8 June 2018|publisher=Reuters|date=10 May 2018|archive-date=9 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180609084027/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armo-biosciences-m-a/lilly-to-buy-armo-biosciences-for-16-billion-to-bolster-cancer-pipeline-idUSKBN1IB1KV|url-status=live}}</ref> Days later, the company announced it would acquire [[Aurora kinase A]] inhibitor developer AurKa Pharma, and control over the lead compound, AK-01, for up to $575 million.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.genengnews.com/gen-news-highlights/lilly-continues-oncology-expansion-with-plans-to-buy-aurka-pharma-for-up-to-575m/81255814|title=Lilly Continues Oncology Expansion with Plans to Buy AurKa Pharma for Up to $575M - GEN|website=GEN|date=14 May 2018|access-date=8 June 2018|archive-date=12 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612142655/https://www.genengnews.com/gen-news-highlights/lilly-continues-oncology-expansion-with-plans-to-buy-aurka-pharma-for-up-to-575m/81255814|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |date=14 May 2018 |title=Lilly to buy cancer drug developer AurKa Pharma |publisher=[[Reuters]] |url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/us-aurka-pharma-m-a-lilly/lilly-to-buy-cancer-drug-developer-aurka-pharma-idUKKCN1IF1IE |url-status=dead |access-date=8 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143623/https://uk.reuters.com/article/us-aurka-pharma-m-a-lilly/lilly-to-buy-cancer-drug-developer-aurka-pharma-idUKKCN1IF1IE |archive-date=12 June 2018}}</ref>

In January 2019, Lilly announced it would acquire Loxo Oncology for $235 per share, valuing the business at around $8 billion,which significantly expanded the business's [[oncology]] offerings. The deal gave Lilly Loxo's oral [[Trk receptor|TRK]] inhibitor, [[Vitrakvi]] (Larotrectinib), LOXO-292, an oral proto-[[oncogene]] [[receptor tyrosine kinase]] rearranged during transfection (RET) inhibitor, LOXO-305, an oral [[Bruton's tyrosine kinase]] (BTK) inhibitor, and LOXO-195, a follow-on TRK inhibitor.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.biospace.com/article/-eli-lilly-buys-loxo-oncology-for-8-billion/?s=79 | title=Eli Lilly Deepens its Oncology Offerings with an $8 Billion Acquisition of Loxo Oncology | date=7 January 2019 | access-date=7 January 2019 | archive-date=8 January 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190108100829/https://www.biospace.com/article/-eli-lilly-buys-loxo-oncology-for-8-billion/?s=79 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.biospace.com/article/releases/lilly-announces-agreement-to-acquire-loxo-oncology/?s=79 | title=Lilly Announces Agreement to Acquire Loxo Oncology | date=7 January 2019 | access-date=7 January 2019 | archive-date=8 January 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190108100722/https://www.biospace.com/article/releases/lilly-announces-agreement-to-acquire-loxo-oncology/?s=79 | url-status=live }}</ref> In August 2019, Elanco acquired the [[Bayer]] animal health business for $7.6 billion.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-bayer-divestiture-elanco-animal/elanco-to-buy-bayers-animal-health-unit-for-7-6-billion-idUSKCN1VA0UI|title=Elanco to buy Bayer's animal health unit for $7.6 billion|date=20 August 2019|publisher=Reuters|last1=Burger|first1=Ludwig|access-date=20 August 2019|archive-date=20 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820110943/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-bayer-divestiture-elanco-animal/elanco-to-buy-bayers-animal-health-unit-for-7-6-billion-idUSKCN1VA0UI|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=20 August 2019|title=Elanco to become No.2 in animal health with $7.6 billion Bayer deal|publisher=Reuters|url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-bayer-divestiture-elanco-animal-idUKKCN1VA0UE|access-date=17 July 2020|archive-date=30 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730233157/https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-bayer-divestiture-elanco-animal-idUKKCN1VA0UE|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In January 2020, the company announced its acquisition of Dermira for $1.1 billion, gaining control of [[lebrikizumab]],[[glycopyrronium]] cloth used in the treatment of  [[hyperhidrosis]], and other assets.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Eli Lilly Bags Dermatology Company Dermira for $1.1 Billion|url=https://www.biospace.com/article/eupli-lilly-bags-dermatology-company-dermira-for-1-1-billion/|access-date=17 July 2020|website=BioSpace|archive-date=17 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717165433/https://www.biospace.com/article/eli-lilly-bags-dermatology-company-dermira-for-1-1-billion/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Lilly Announces Agreement to Acquire Dermira|url=https://www.biospace.com/article/lilly-announces-agreement-to-acquire-dermira/|access-date=17 July 2020|website=BioSpace|archive-date=17 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717164209/https://www.biospace.com/article/lilly-announces-agreement-to-acquire-dermira/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biospace.com/article/lilly-completes-acquisition-of-dermira/|title=Lilly Completes Acquisition of Dermira|website=BioSpace|access-date=3 March 2020|archive-date=3 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303085838/https://www.biospace.com/article/lilly-completes-acquisition-of-dermira/|url-status=live}}</ref> 

In June 2020, Lilly announced that, in collaboration with [[Vancouver]]-based [[AbCellera]], it had begun the world's first study of a potential [[Monoclonal antibody therapy|monoclonal antibody treatment]] for treatment of [[COVID-19]], with a Phase 1 trial of LY-CoV555.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://investor.lilly.com/news-releases/news-release-details/lilly-begins-worlds-first-study-potential-covid-19-antibody|title=Lilly Begins World's First Study of a Potential COVID-19 Antibody Treatment in Humans|publisher=Lilly|access-date=4 June 2020|date=1 June 2020|archive-date=4 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604003428/https://investor.lilly.com/news-releases/news-release-details/lilly-begins-worlds-first-study-potential-covid-19-antibody|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=23 April 2021 |title=Evidence - CIIT (43-2) - No. 25 |url=https://www.ourcommons.ca/DocumentViewer/en/43-2/CIIT/meeting-25/evidence |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220308002228/https://www.ourcommons.ca/DocumentViewer/en/43-2/CIIT/meeting-25/evidence |archive-date=8 March 2022 |access-date=1 July 2022 |website=[[House of Commons of Canada]] }}</ref> By August 2020, the challenging aspects of running a clinical trial in a long-term care facility during a pandemic prompted Lilly to create the first of many customized recreational vehicles into mobile research units (MRU) to meet people where they were and support mobile labs and clinical trial material preparation. A trailer truck could escort the MRU with supplies to create an on-site infusion clinic. Lilly deployed the mobile research unit fleet in response to outbreaks of the virus at long-term care facilities across the U.S. In September 2020, [[Amgen]] announced that they had partnered with Lilly to manufacture their COVID-19 antibody therapies.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Taylor |first=Mark |date=17 September 2020 |title=Lilly and Amgen Announce Manufacturing Collaboration for COVID-19 Antibody Therapies |url=https://www.amgen.com/newsroom/press-releases/2020/09/lilly-and-amgen-announce-manufacturing-collaboration-for-covid-19-antibody-therapies |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220112213722/https://www.amgen.com/newsroom/press-releases/2020/09/lilly-and-amgen-announce-manufacturing-collaboration-for-covid-19-antibody-therapies |archive-date=12 January 2022 |access-date=1 July 2022 |website=[[Amgen]] }}</ref> 

In October 2020, Lilly announced that its cocktail was effective and that it had filed with the FDA for an [[emergency use authorization]] (EUA) for it.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Herper|first=Matthew|date=7 October 2020|title=Eli Lilly says its monoclonal antibody cocktail is effective against Covid-19|url=https://www.statnews.com/2020/10/07/eli-lilly-monoclonal-antibody-cocktail-covid-19/|access-date=8 October 2020|website=[[Stat (website)|Stat News]]|archive-date=8 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008001230/https://www.statnews.com/2020/10/07/eli-lilly-monoclonal-antibody-cocktail-covid-19/|url-status=live}}</ref> The same day, Lilly's corporate rival [[Regeneron Pharmaceuticals|Regeneron]] also filed for an EUA for its own monoclonal antibody treatment.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Thomas|first=Katie|date=8 October 2020|title=Regeneron Asks F.D.A. for Emergency Approval for Drug That Trump C7laimed Cured Him|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/07/health/trump-covid-regeneron.html|access-date=8 October 2020|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=8 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008020031/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/07/health/trump-covid-regeneron.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The same month, Lilly announced it would acquire Disarm Therapeutics and its experimental treatments for axonal degeneration, via [[SARM1]] inhibitors, for $135 million plus a further $1.225 billion based on regulatory and commercial milestones.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lilly Announces Agreement to Acquire Disarm Therapeutics|url=https://www.biospace.com/article/lilly-announces-agreement-to-acquire-disarm-therapeutics/|access-date=8 May 2021|website=BioSpace|archive-date=8 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508172309/https://www.biospace.com/article/lilly-announces-agreement-to-acquire-disarm-therapeutics/|url-status=live}}</ref> 

Also in October 2020, Lilly announced that the [[National Institutes of Health]] (NIH) ACTIV-3 clinical trial evaluating its monoclonal antibody, [[bamlanivimab]] (LYCoV555), found that bamlanivimab was not effective in treating people hospitalized with COVID-19,<ref name="Lilly 20201016">{{cite press release | title=Lilly Statement Regarding NIH's ACTIV-3 Clinical Trial | website=Eli Lilly and Company | date=26 October 2020 | url=https://www.lilly.com/news/stories/statement-activ3-clinical-trial-nih-covid19 | access-date=26 October 2020 | archive-date=16 January 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116153319/https://www.lilly.com/news/stories/statement-activ3-clinical-trial-nih-covid19 | url-status=live }}</ref> but data showed bamlanivimab might be effective in treating COVID-19 by reducing viral load, symptoms, and the risk of hospitalization in outpatients. Other studies, including the NIH ACTIV-2 trial and its own BLAZE-1 trial, continued to evaluate bamlanivimab.<ref name="Lilly 20201016" /> In November 2020, the FDA issued an emergency use authorization (EUA) for the investigational monoclonal antibody therapy bamlanivimab for the treatment of mild-to-moderate COVID-19 in adult and pediatric patients.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rizk |first1=John G. |last2=Forthal |first2=Donald N. |last3=Kalantar-Zadeh |first3=Kamyar |last4=Mehra |first4=Mandeep R. |last5=Lavie |first5=Carl J. |last6=Rizk |first6=Youssef |last7=Pfeiffer |first7=JoAnn P. |last8=Lewin |first8=John C.|url= |title=Expanded Access Programs, compassionate drug use, and Emergency Use Authorizations during the COVID-19 pandemic. |journal=Drug Discovery Today |date=November 2020 |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=593–603 |doi=10.1016/j.drudis.2020.11.025|pmid=33253920 |pmc=7694556 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="FDA bamlanivimab EUA">{{cite press release | title=Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: FDA Authorizes Monoclonal Antibody for Treatment of COVID-19 | website=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | date=9 November 2020 | url=https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-authorizes-monoclonal-antibody-treatment-covid-19 | access-date=9 November 2020 | archive-date=11 January 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111094724/https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-authorizes-monoclonal-antibody-treatment-covid-19 | url-status=dead }} {{PD-notice}}</ref> In December 2020, Lilly announced it would acquire Prevail Therapeutics Inc. for $1 billion, boosting its pipeline in neurodegenerative disease gene therapies.<ref>{{cite web |title=Eli Lilly to buy gene therapy developer Prevail in about $1 billion deal |url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/prevail-m-a-lilly/eli-lilly-to-buy-gene-therapy-developer-prevail-in-about-1-billion-deal-idUKKBN28P1CU |publisher=Reuters |date=15 December 2020 |access-date=15 December 2020 |archive-date=16 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201216115007/https://uk.reuters.com/article/prevail-m-a-lilly/eli-lilly-to-buy-gene-therapy-developer-prevail-in-about-1-billion-deal-idUKKBN28P1CU |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In April 2021, the FDA revoked the emergency use authorization (EUA) that allowed and signaled FDA agreement for the investigational monoclonal antibody therapy bamlanivimab, when administered alone, to be used for the treatment of mild-to-moderate COVID-19 in adults and certain pediatric patients.<ref name="FDA PR 20210416">{{cite press release | title=Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: FDA Revokes Emergency Use Authorization for Monoclonal Antibody Bamlanivimab | website=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | date=16 April 2021 | url=https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-revokes-emergency-use-authorization-monoclonal-antibody-bamlanivimab | access-date=16 April 2021 | archive-date=16 April 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416204530/https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-revokes-emergency-use-authorization-monoclonal-antibody-bamlanivimab | url-status=dead }} {{PD-notice}}</ref> On 18 May 2021, the FDA accepted Lilly's application for Tyvyt ([[sintilimab]]), in combination with Lilly's own Alimta ([[pemetrexed]]) and [[Platinum-based antineoplastic|platinum chemotherapy]] for newly diagnosed nonsquamous [[non-small cell lung cancer]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.fiercepharma.com/pharma/fda-sets-countdown-to-lilly-innovent-s-pd-1-front-line-lung-cancer-what-to-expect | title=Lilly, Innovent's Tyvyt nabs FDA review in front-line lung cancer. Could price pressure finally reach the PD-1/L1 class? | newspaper=Fierce Pharma | date=18 May 2021 | access-date=23 April 2022 | archive-date=20 August 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210820161014/https://www.fiercepharma.com/pharma/fda-sets-countdown-to-lilly-innovent-s-pd-1-front-line-lung-cancer-what-to-expect | url-status=live }}</ref> In July 2021, the company announced it would acquire Protomer Technologies for more than $1 billion.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biospace.com/article/releases/lilly-announces-acquisition-of-protomer-technologies/?s=79|title=Lilly Announces Acquisition of Protomer Technologies|date=14 July 2021 |access-date=17 July 2021|archive-date=17 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717201444/https://www.biospace.com/article/releases/lilly-announces-acquisition-of-protomer-technologies/?s=79|url-status=live}}</ref>

In January 2022, distribution of Lilly's COVID-19 antibody drug was paused due to lack of efficacy against the emerging omicron variant.<ref>{{Cite web|title=US pauses distribution of Regeneron, Lilly antibodies over omicron concerns|url=https://www.biopharmadive.com/news/covid-antibody-pause-distribution-omicron-lilly-regeneron/616555/|access-date=18 January 2022|website=BioPharma Dive|archive-date=18 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118212153/https://www.biopharmadive.com/news/covid-antibody-pause-distribution-omicron-lilly-regeneron/616555/|url-status=live}}</ref> A second COVID-19 monoclonal antibody therapy, [[bebtelovimab]], developed with [[AbCellera]], was granted [[Emergency Use Authorization]] in February 2022, with the [[Federal government of the United States|U.S. government]] committing to a $720 million purchase of up to 600,000 doses.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tong |first=Amber |date=14 February 2022 |title=As Omicron rages, FDA clears Eli Lilly/AbCellera's new antibody days after $720M supply deal |url=https://endpts.com/as-omicron-rages-fda-clears-eli-lilly-abcelleras-new-antibody-days-after-720m-supply-deal/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220215130659/https://endpts.com/as-omicron-rages-fda-clears-eli-lilly-abcelleras-new-antibody-days-after-720m-supply-deal/ |archive-date=15 February 2022 |access-date=1 July 2022 |website=Endpoints News }}</ref> 

In May 2022, the FDA approved Lilly's [[type 2 diabetes]] drug Mounjaro ([[tirzepatide]]). In August 2022, following the overturning of ''[[Roe v. Wade]]'' in the ''[[Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization|Dobbs]]'' decision, the state of Indiana passed a near total ban on abortion, and Lilly said the move would make it difficult to attract talent to the state and that it would be forced to look for "more employment growth" elsewhere.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kelley |first=Lora |date=6 August 2022 |title=Major Indiana Employers Criticize State's New Abortion Law |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/06/business/indiana-companies-abortion.html |url-status=live |access-date=7 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807201745/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/06/business/indiana-companies-abortion.html |archive-date=7 August 2022 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

In October 2022, the business announced it would acquire Akouos Inc. for $487 million in upfront and $123 million deferred payments.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 October 2022 |title=Eli Lilly to buy gene therapy company Akouos for $487 mln |url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/deals/eli-lilly-buy-genetic-medicine-developer-akouos-487-million-2022-10-18/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019114001/https://www.reuters.com/markets/deals/eli-lilly-buy-genetic-medicine-developer-akouos-487-million-2022-10-18/ |archive-date=19 October 2022 |publisher=[[Reuters]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biospace.com/article/lilly-continues-foray-into-gene-therapies-with-487m-akouos-buyout/?s=79 |title=Lilly Continues Foray into Gene Therapies with $487M Akouos Buyout &#124; BioSpace |date=18 October 2022 |access-date=19 October 2022 |archive-date=20 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020051503/https://www.biospace.com/article/lilly-continues-foray-into-gene-therapies-with-487m-akouos-buyout/?s=79 |url-status=live }}</ref> 

In early 2020, Lilly introduced the Lilly Insulin Value Program, where people who have commercial insurance or no insurance can receive a savings card to fill their entire monthly prescription of any Lilly insulin for $35.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-10 |title=S.Hrg. 118-198 The Need to Make Insulin Affordable for All Americans |access-date=2025-02-18 |url= https://www.congress.gov/event/118th-congress/senate-event/LC72553/text}}</ref> In 2023, the [[Inflation Reduction Act]] extended a similar concept across all insulin suppliers by capping out-of-pocket costs for insulin at $35 per monthly prescription among Medicare Parts B and D enrollees.

In January 2023, Lilly and TRexBio announced a collaboration and license agreement for three assets to treat [[Immune-mediated disease|immune-mediated diseases]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Deal Watch: AbbVie Leads J.P. Morgan Deal Rush, But BI, Genentech And Lilly Also Big Players|url=https://scrip.pharmaintelligence.informa.com/SC147648/Deal-Watch-AbbVie-Leads-JP-Morgan-Deal-Rush-But-BI-Genentech-And-Lilly-Also-Big-Players |access-date=18 June 2023 |website=Script|date=11 January 2023 }}</ref> TRexBio received an upfront payment of $55 million as part of this deal.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 January 2023 |title=TRexBio Announces Collaboration and License Agreement with Lilly to Develop and Commercialize Novel Therapies for Immune-Mediated Diseases |url=https://trex.bio/trexbio-announces-collaboration-and-license-agreement-with-lilly/ |access-date=18 June 2023 |website=TRex Bio }}</ref> In June the company announced it would acquire startup Emergence Therapeutics<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.biospace.com/article/lilly-to-buy-european-adc-player-emergence-therapeutics/?s=79 | title=Lilly to Buy European ADC Player Emergence Therapeutics | date=30 June 2023 }}</ref> for an undisclosed sum and Sigilon Therapeutics for $300 million.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.biospace.com/article/lilly-to-buy-diabetes-cell-therapy-partner-sigilon-for-300m-/?s=79 | title=Lilly to Buy Diabetes Cell Therapy Partner Sigilon for Just over $300M | date=29 June 2023 }}</ref> The company's 2023 research and development focus has been reported to be on drugs in the obesity, diabetes, Alzheimer's and autoimmune areas.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gardner |first=Jonathan |date=14 December 2022 |title=Lilly lays out ambitious plans for 2023 |work=BiopharmaDive |url=https://www.biopharmadive.com/news/lilly-2023-guidance-diabetes-obesity/638733/ |access-date=14 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215030605/https://www.biopharmadive.com/news/lilly-2023-guidance-diabetes-obesity/638733/ |archive-date=15 December 2022}}</ref> 

In July 2023, Lilly announced it would acquire Versanis for $1.93 billion.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Constantino |first=Annika Kim |date=14 July 2023 |title=Obesity drug maker Versanis to be bought by Eli Lilly for $1.9 billion |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2023/07/14/eli-lilly-to-acquire-obesity-drug-maker-versanis-for-1point9-billion.html |access-date=14 July 2023 |website=CNBC }}</ref> In October 2023, Eli Lilly acquired Point Biopharma for $1.4 billion.<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 October 2023 |title=Eli Lilly to buy cancer-focused Point Biopharma for $1.4 billion |publisher=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/deals/eli-lilly-buy-point-biopharma-14-billion-2023-10-03/ |access-date=3 October 2023}}</ref>

In November 2023, the FDA approved tirzepatide for the treatment of [[obesity]] under the brand name Zepbound.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=3 November 2023 |title=FDA Approves New Medication for Chronic Weight Management |url=https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-new-medication-chronic-weight-management |access-date=7 April 2024 |website=FDA }}</ref>

In March 2024, Lilly announced a deal with [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]] to offer home delivery of certain medications for diabetes, obesity, and migraines, on behalf of LillyDirect.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dattilo |first1=Emily |last2=Nathan-Kazis |first2=Josh |title=Amazon Will Now Deliver Eli Lilly Weight-Loss Drug Zepbound |url=https://www.barrons.com/articles/eli-lilly-amazon-weight-loss-drug-e064a274?mod=RTA |access-date=14 March 2024 |work=Barron's |publisher=Dow Jones |date=13 March 2024}}</ref>

As of October 2024, tirzepatide's success as a blockbuster weight-loss drug had transformed Eli Lilly into the most valuable drug company in the world with a $842 billion market capitalization, the highest valuation ever achieved by a drug company to date, followed only by [[Novo Nordisk]].<ref name="Barnes">{{cite news |last1=Barnes |first1=Oliver |title=Can Eli Lilly become the first $1tn drugmaker? |url=https://www.ft.com/content/ed81ca79-1fd6-48ea-8e50-246d0849c3f5 |work=Financial Times |date=October 2, 2024 |url-access=subscription}}</ref>

===Acquisition history===

{{hidden begin|border=1px #aaa solid|title=Eli Lilly and Company acquisitions|ta1=center}}
{{Tree list}}
*'''Eli Lilly and Company''' <small>(founded 1876)</small>
**Eli Lilly and Company
***Distillers Company <small>(acq. 1962)</small>
***[[Elizabeth Arden, Inc.]] <small>(acq. 1971, sold [[Fabergé (cosmetics)|Fabergé]] in 1987)</small>
***IVAC Corporation <small>(acq. 1977)</small>
***Cardiac Pacemakers Inc. <small>(acq. 1977)</small>
***Physio-Control Inc <small>(acq. 1980)</small>
***Advance Cardiovasular Systems Inc. <small>(acq. 1984)</small>
***Hybritech <small>(acq. 1986)</small>
***Devices for Vascular Intervention Inc. <small>(acq. 1986)</small>
***Pacific Biotech <small>(acq. 1990)</small>
***Origin Medsystems <small>(acq. 1992)</small>
***Heart Rhythm Technologies, Inc. <small>(acq. 1992)</small>
***PCS System <small>(acq. 1994)</small>
***[[Icos Corporation]] <small>(acq. 2007)</small>
***Hypnion, Inc
***[[ImClone Systems]]
***SGX Pharmaceuticals, Inc <small>(acq. 2008)</small>
***Avid Radiopharmaceuticals <small>(acq. 2010)</small>
***Alnara Pharmaceuticals<small>(acq. 2010)</small>
***CoLucid Pharmaceuticals <small>(acq. 2017)</small>
***Armo Biosciences <small>(acq. 2018)</small>
***AurKa Pharma <small>(acq. 2018)</small>
***Loxo Oncology <small>(acq. 2019)</small>
***Disarm Therapeutics <small>(acq. 2020)</small>
***Prevail Therapeutics Inc <small>(acq. 2020)</small>
**Elanco Products Company <small>(established 1954 as a division of Eli Lilly and Company)</small>
***[[Dow AgroSciences|DowElanco]] <small>(established 1989 as joint venture with [[Dow Chemical]], sold stake 1999 to Dow)</small>
***Ivy Animal Health <small>(acq. 2007)</small>
***[[Pfizer|Pfizer Animal Health]] <small>(acq. 2010)</small>
***[[Janssen Pharmaceutica|Janssen Pharmaceutica Animal Health]] <small>(acq. 2011)</small>
***ChemGen Corp<small>(acq. 2012)</small>
***Lohmann SE<small>(acq. 2014)</small>
***[[Novartis|Novartis Animal Health]] <small>(acq. 2014)</small>
***[[Bayer|Bayer Animal Health]] <small>(acq. 2019)</small>
**Protomer Technologies <small>(acq. 2021)</small>
**Akouos Inc <small>(acq. 2022)</small>
**Dice Therapeutics<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/deals/eli-lilly-buy-dice-therapeutics-24-billion-deal-2023-06-20/ |title=Eli Lilly boosts immunology business with $2.4 billion deal for Dice |date=20 June 2023 |publisher=Reuters}}</ref> <small>(acq. 2023)</small>
**Emergence Therapeutics <small>(acq. 2023)</small>
**Sigilon Therapeutics <small>(acq. 2023)</small>
**Versanis Bio<small> (acq. 2023)</small><ref>{{cite press release | url=https://investor.lilly.com/news-releases/news-release-details/lilly-acquire-versanis-improve-patient-outcomes-cardiometabolic | title=Lilly to Acquire Versanis to Improve Patient Outcomes in Cardiometabolic Diseases | publisher=Eli Lilly| date=14 July 2023 | access-date=14 July 2023 }}</ref>
**Mablink Bioscience <small>(acq. 2023)</small>
**Point Biopharma <small>(acq. 2023)</small>
{{Tree list/end}}
{{hidden end}}

==Collaborative research==
Eli Lilly and Company has a long history of collaboration with research scientists. In 1886, Ernest G. Eberhardt, a chemist, joined the company as its first full-time research scientist.<ref name=IHSHBR12>{{cite web | title =Eli Lilly & Company | page =1 and 2 | url =http://www.indianahistory.org/our-services/books-publications/hbr/eli-lilly.pdf | access-date =26 February 2013 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20160729072945/http://www.indianahistory.org/our-services/books-publications/hbr/eli-lilly.pdf | archive-date =29 July 2016 | url-status =dead }}</ref> Lilly also hired two botanists, Walter H. Evans and John S. Wright, to join its early research efforts.<ref name=IHSHBR2/><ref>Eberhardt and Evans were [[Purdue University]] graduates. See {{cite web | title=Eli Lilly & Company | page=2 | url=http://www.indianahistory.org/our-services/books-publications/hbr/eli-lilly.pdf | access-date=26 February 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160729072945/http://www.indianahistory.org/our-services/books-publications/hbr/eli-lilly.pdf | archive-date=29 July 2016 | url-status=dead | df=dmy-all }}</ref> 

After [[World War I]], the company's expanded production facilities and introduction of new management methods set the stage for Lilly's next crucial phase&mdash;its "aggressive entry into scientific research and development."<ref name=b540 /> The first big step came in 1919 when Josiah Lilly hired biochemist [[George Henry Alexander Clowes]] as director of biochemical research.<ref>Madison, ''Eli Lilly'', p. 53.</ref> Clowes had extensive medical research expertise and links to the scientific research community, which led to the company's collaborations with researchers in the U.S. and elsewhere.<ref name=MLilly55>Madison, ''Eli Lilly'', p. 55.</ref> Clowes's first major collaboration with researchers who developed [[insulin]] at the [[University of Toronto]] significantly impacted the company's future.<ref name=MLilly55/> Lilly's success with insulin production secured the company's position as a leading research-based pharmaceutical manufacturer, allowing it to attract and hire more research scientists and to collaborate with other universities in additional medical research.<ref>Madison, ''Eli Lilly'', p. 63.</ref> 

In 1934, the company built a new research laboratory in Indianapolis.<ref name=MadisonM76>Madison, ''Eli Lilly'', p. 76.</ref> As part of its research and product development process Lilly also conducted clinical studies at [[Sidney & Lois Eskenazi Hospital|Indianapolis City Hospital]]. Lilly continues to conduct clinical studies to test medications before their introduction to the market. 

In 1949, Eli Lilly went into partnership with the [[United States Army Reserve]], setting up a local Strategic Intelligence Research and Analysis (SIRA) Unit to allow employees to research company data for the scientific logistics and Eurasian fields of study. 

In 1998, the company dedicated new laboratories for clinical research at the [[Indiana University Health Methodist Hospital|Indiana University Medical Center]] in Indianapolis.

===Publicly funded research===
Lilly is involved in publicly funded research projects with other industrial and academic partners. One example is [[Pre-clinical development|non-clinical]] safety assessment is the InnoMed PredTox, a collaboration with pharmaceutical companies, research organizations, and the [[European Commission]] to improve the safety of drugs.<ref>{{cite web | title =Alliances | publisher =Genedata | location =Basel, Switzerland | url =http://www.genedata.com/alliances.html | access-date =27 February 2013 }} {{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=Consortium>{{cite web | title = InnoMed PredTox Consortium Members Present Preliminary Study Results | publisher =Genedata | location = Basel, Switzerland | date =15 May 2008 | url =http://www.genedata.com/index.php?id=211&L=0&tx_ttnews%5bpS%5d=1259741735&tx_ttnews%5btt_news%5d=22&cHash=139a0c79812ccfccf9dbf2a79a1001ab| archive-url =https://archive.today/20130411003210/http://www.genedata.com/index.php?id=211&L=0&tx_ttnews%5BpS%5D=1259741735&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=22&cHash=139a0c79812ccfccf9dbf2a79a1001ab| url-status =dead| archive-date =11 April 2013}}</ref> 

In 2008, this consortium, which included Lilly S.A. in [[Switzerland]], secured an €8 million budget for a 40-month project that was coordinated by the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations ([[EFPIA]]), an organization who represents the research-based pharmaceutical industry and biotech companies operating in Europe.<ref name=Consortium/><ref>{{Cite book| last1 = Mattes | first1 = William B.| chapter = Public Consortium Efforts in Toxicogenomics | doi = 10.1007/978-1-60327-048-9_11 | title = Essential Concepts in Toxicogenomics| editor1-last = Mendrick | editor1-first = Donna L.| editor2-last = Mattes | editor2-first = William B.| series = [[Methods in Molecular Biology]]| volume = 460 | pages = 221–238 | year = 2008 | isbn = 978-1-58829-638-2 | pmid = 18449490 }}</ref><ref name="InnoMed PredTox official project website">{{cite web|url=http://www.innomed-predtox.com/consortium/members/ |title=InnoMed PredTox Member Organizations |access-date=25 August 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080926214522/http://www.innomed-predtox.com/consortium/members/ |archive-date=26 September 2008 }}</ref> 

In 2008, Lilly's activities included research projects within the framework of the [[Innovative Medicines Initiative]], a public-private research initiative in Europe that is a joint effort of the [[EFPIA]] and the [[European Commission]].<ref>{{cite web | title =The Innovative Medicines Initiative | publisher =Innovative Medicines Initiative | url =http://www.imi.europa.eu/content/home#&panel1-1 | access-date =27 February 2013 | archive-date =20 January 2013 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20130120170631/http://www.imi.europa.eu/content/home#&panel1-1 | url-status =live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title =IMI 1st Call 2008 | publisher =Innovative Medicines Initiative | url =http://www.imi.europa.eu/content/1st-call-2008 | access-date =27 February 2013 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20130121005243/http://www.imi.europa.eu/content/1st-call-2008 | archive-date =21 January 2013 | url-status =dead }}</ref><ref name="IMI Call Topics 2008">{{cite web|url=http://imi.europa.eu/docs/calls01_en.zip|title=IMI Call Topics 2008|last=Innovative Medicines Initiative|work=IMI-GB-018v2-24042008-CallTopics.pdf|publisher=European Commission|access-date=25 August 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091015122459/http://imi.europa.eu/docs/calls01_en.zip|archive-date=15 October 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Public-private engagement ==
=== Academia ===
* [[Northern Ontario School of Medicine]] (NOSM), donor<ref>{{Cite web |title=Donor Wall |url=https://www.nosm.ca/advancement/giving/yourimpact/donor-wall/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220619175928/https://www.nosm.ca/advancement/giving/yourimpact/donor-wall/ |archive-date=19 June 2022 |access-date=1 July 2022 |website=[[Northern Ontario School of Medicine]]}}</ref>
* [[Population Health Research Institute]] (PHRI) at [[McMaster University]], partner<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022 |title=Collaborations |url=https://www.phri.ca/collaborations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220612052154/https://www.phri.ca/collaborations/ |archive-date=12 June 2022 |access-date=1 July 2022 |website=[[Population Health Research Institute|Population Health Research Institute of Canada]] }}</ref>
* [[University of Toronto]], donor to the Boundless Campaign<ref>{{Cite web |title=Donor Listing |url=https://boundless.utoronto.ca/our-supporters/donor-listing/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530223142/https://boundless.utoronto.ca/our-supporters/donor-listing/ |archive-date=30 May 2022 |access-date=1 July 2022 |website=[[University of Toronto]]}}</ref> and member of the President's Circle<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 May 2022 |title=Presidents' Circle Member Listing |url=https://engage.utoronto.ca/site/SPageServer?pagename=presidents_circle_member_listing |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516225544/https://engage.utoronto.ca/site/SPageServer?pagename=presidents_circle_member_listing |archive-date=16 May 2022 |access-date=1 July 2022 |website=[[University of Toronto]]}}</ref>
* [[University of Washington]], member of the Honor Roll of Donors, having contributed between $10 million and $50 million to funding the school as of 2020<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 2020 |title=Honor Roll of Donors |url=https://uw-s3-cdn.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/83/2020/10/29094302/RTC_HonorRoll_2020.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220610164520/https://uw-s3-cdn.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/83/2020/10/29094302/RTC_HonorRoll_2020.pdf |archive-date=10 June 2022 |access-date=10 June 2022 |website=[[University of Washington]]; [[Amazon Web Services]]}}</ref>

=== Conferences and summits ===
* World Neuroscience Innovation Forum, stakeholder sponsor<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sponsors |url=https://neuroscienceinnovationforum.org/sponsors/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220615052144/https://neuroscienceinnovationforum.org/sponsors/ |archive-date=15 June 2022 |access-date=15 June 2022 |website=World Neuroscience Innovation Forum }}</ref>

=== Media ===
* [[National Press Foundation]], donor<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013 |title=Our Funders |url=http://nationalpress.org/about/our-funders/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130128213106/http://nationalpress.org/about/our-funders/ |archive-date=28 January 2013 |access-date=1 July 2022 |website=[[National Press Foundation]]}}</ref>

===Medical societies===
* [[American Society of Hematology]], sponsor<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022 |title=Corporate Support |url=https://www.hematology.org:443/about/corporate-support |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220610180740/https://www.hematology.org/about/corporate-support |archive-date=10 June 2022 |access-date=1 July 2022 |website=[[American Society of Hematology]] }}</ref>
* Arthritis Society, national partner<ref>{{Cite web |title=Partners |url=https://arthritis.ca/about-us/partners |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220514211808/https://arthritis.ca/about-us/partners |archive-date=14 May 2022 |access-date=14 May 2022 |website=The Arthritis Society }}</ref>
* [[Endocrine Society]], corporate Liaison Board member<ref>{{Cite web |title=Corporate Liaison Board |url=https://www.endocrine.org/membership/corporate-liaison-board |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220610234024/https://www.endocrine.org/membership/corporate-liaison-board |archive-date=10 June 2022 |access-date=10 June 2022 |website=[[Endocrine Society]] }}</ref>
* [[European Society of Cardiology]], sponsor of the EURObservational Research Programme<ref>{{Cite web |title=Why sponsor the EURObservational Registry Programme |url=https://www.escardio.org/Research/Registries-&-surveys/Sponsorship,%20https://www.escardio.org/Research/Registries-&-surveys/Sponsorship |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220615200912/https://www.escardio.org/Research/Registries-&-surveys/Sponsorship |archive-date=15 June 2022 |access-date=15 June 2022 |website=[[European Society of Cardiology]] }}</ref>

===Non-governmental organizations===
* [[HOPE Worldwide]], partner<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022 |title=Partners |url=https://www.hopeww.org/about-us/who-we-are/partners |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220511073959/https://www.hopeww.org/about-us/who-we-are/partners |archive-date=11 May 2022 |access-date=1 July 2022 |website=[[HOPE Worldwide]] }}</ref>

===Political lobbying===
* Alliance for Competitive Taxation, member<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022 |title=About Us |url=https://actontaxreform.com/about-us/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701005932/https://actontaxreform.com/about-us/ |archive-date=1 July 2022 |access-date=1 July 2022 |website=Alliance for Competitive Taxation}}</ref>
* BIOTECanada, member company.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 December 2021 |title=Member Listings |url=https://www.biotech.ca/about/member-listings/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220502074149/https://www.biotech.ca/about/member-listings/ |archive-date=2 May 2022 |access-date=18 June 2022 |website=BIOTECanada }}</ref> BIOTECanada lobbies the [[Canadian government]] for policies favorable to the [[Pharmaceutical industry in Canada|pharmaceutical industry]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Wilson |first=Barry |date=5 October 2000 |title=Biotech lobby group at heart of ethics complaint |url=https://www.producer.com/news/biotech-lobby-group-at-heart-of-ethics-complaint/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220618172657/https://www.producer.com/news/biotech-lobby-group-at-heart-of-ethics-complaint/ |archive-date=18 June 2022 |access-date=18 June 2022 |website=[[The Western Producer]] }}</ref>
* [[Foundation for the National Institutes of Health]] (FNIH), donor, given between $5,000,000 and $9,999,999 between 1997 and 2020, contributing to funding the activities of the [[National Institutes of Health]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=2020 Donors |url=https://2020-annual-report.fnih.org/donors/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220402180716/https://2020-annual-report.fnih.org/donors/ |archive-date=2 April 2022 |access-date=6 April 2022 |website=FNIH 2020 Annual Report}}</ref>
* [[Innovative Medicines Canada]], member<ref>{{Cite web |title=Member Companies |url=http://innovativemedicines.ca/about/member-companies/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20211103040804/http://innovativemedicines.ca/about/member-companies/ |archive-date=3 November 2021 |access-date=8 March 2022 |website=Innovative Medicines Canada }}</ref> The group lobbies the [[Government of Ontario]] and [[House of Commons of Canada]] through Rubicon Strategy, a firm owned by [[Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario]] campaign manager [[Kory Teneycke]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 2021 |title=Consultant Lobbyist Registration No. CL4899-20200917025456 |url=https://lobbyist.oico.on.ca/Pages/Public/PublicSearch/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308181206/https://lobbyist.oico.on.ca/Pages/Public/PublicSearch/ |archive-date=8 March 2022 |access-date=8 March 2022 |website=Office of the Integrity Commissioner of Ontario }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Maher |first=Stephen |date=29 January 2019 |title=For access to the Ford government, two names matter most |url=https://www.macleans.ca/politics/for-access-to-the-ford-government-two-names-matter-most/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210322062629/https://www.macleans.ca/politics/for-access-to-the-ford-government-two-names-matter-most/ |archive-date=22 March 2021 |access-date=8 March 2022 |website=MacLean's }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=28 March 2022 |title=Innovative Medicines Canada/Médicaments Novateurs Canada / Andrew Balfour, Consultant |url=https://lobbycanada.gc.ca/app/secure/ocl/lrs/do/clntSmmry?clientOrgCorpNumber=367878&sMdKy=1621857998861 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220408060852/https://lobbycanada.gc.ca/app/secure/ocl/lrs/do/clntSmmry?clientOrgCorpNumber=367878&sMdKy=1621857998861 |archive-date=8 April 2022 |access-date=8 April 2022 |website=Registry of Lobbyists }}</ref>
* [[International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers & Associations]], member<ref>{{Cite web |title=Companies |url=https://www.ifpma.org/who-we-are/our-membership/full-members/companies/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701150736/https://www.ifpma.org/who-we-are/our-membership/full-members/companies/#!/ |archive-date=1 July 2022 |access-date=1 July 2022 |website=[[International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and Associations]] }}</ref>
* [[National Health Council]] (NHC), member organization. NHC is a non-profit organization that lobbies the [[Federal government of the United States|U.S. federal government]] on issues related to [[Healthcare reform in the United States|healthcare reform]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Members |url=https://nationalhealthcouncil.org/members/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406081753/https://nationalhealthcouncil.org/members/?m_cat=74&m_key= |archive-date=6 April 2022 |access-date=6 April 2022 |website=National Health Council }}</ref>
* National Pharmaceutical Council (NPC), member company. NPC is a non-profit that advocates for expanded research funding and innovation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Members |url=https://www.npcnow.org/about/members |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220407004632/https://www.npcnow.org/about/members |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=7 April 2022 |website=National Pharmaceutical Council }}</ref>
* Personalized Medicine Coalition (PMC), member. PMC is a lobbying group with ties to members of the [[United States Congress]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Current Members |url=https://www.personalizedmedicinecoalition.org/Members/Current_Members |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815032705/https://personalizedmedicinecoalition.org/Members/Current_Members |archive-date=15 August 2021 |access-date=6 April 2022 |website=Personalized Medicine Coalition}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 April 2021 |title=SHOWCASE: Precision Medicine: Expanding the Frontiers of Precision Medicine |url=https://www.pharmavoice.com/news/2021-04-precision-medicine/612084/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408054844/https://www.pharmavoice.com/news/2021-04-precision-medicine/612084/ |archive-date=8 April 2022 |access-date=8 April 2022 |website=PharmaVoice }}</ref>
* [[Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America]] (PhRMA), member company. PhRMA is a trade association that lobbies the U.S. federal government on behalf of the [[pharmaceutical industry]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=About |url=https://www.phrma.org/about |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220406052447/https://www.phrma.org/about |archive-date=6 April 2022 |access-date=6 April 2022 |website=PhRMA }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Schwartz |first=Brian |date=1 June 2021 |title=Big Pharma lobbyists launch campaign against Biden over Covid vaccine patent waiver |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/06/01/big-pharma-launches-campaign-against-biden-over-covid-vaccine-patent-waiver.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210602022055/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/06/01/big-pharma-launches-campaign-against-biden-over-covid-vaccine-patent-waiver.html |archive-date=2 June 2021 |access-date=8 April 2022 |website=CNBC }}</ref>
* Research!America, member organization. Research!America is a medical research advocacy group.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 September 2007 |title=Member Organizations |url=https://www.researchamerica.org/about-us/member-organizations |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220406092643/https://www.researchamerica.org/about-us/member-organizations |archive-date=6 April 2022 |access-date=6 April 2022 |website=Research!America }}</ref>

=== Professional associations ===
* [[AdvaMed]], member<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014 |title=Members |url=http://advamed.org/page/33/members |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140713182356/http://advamed.org/page/33/members |archive-date=13 July 2014 |access-date=1 July 2022 |website=[[AdvaMed]]}}</ref>
* Canadian Rheumatology Association, sponsor<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 2022 |title=2020-2021 Annual Report: Collaboration, Resilience and Advancement |url=https://rheum.ca/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/CRA_20-21_AnnualReport_EN.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301043916/https://rheum.ca/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/CRA_20-21_AnnualReport_EN.pdf |archive-date=1 March 2022 |access-date=11 June 2022 |website=Canadian Rheumatology Association}}</ref>
* Canadian Urological Association, sponsor<ref>{{Cite web |last=McLorie |first=Gordon |date=2000 |title=Fall 2000 Newsletter |url=http://history.cua.org/sites/default/files/2018-07/2000-02_en.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701072809/http://history.cua.org/sites/default/files/2018-07/2000-02_en.pdf |archive-date=1 July 2022 |access-date=1 July 2022 |website=Canadian Urological Association}}</ref>
* Mood Disorders Association of Ontario (MDAO), donor<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Supporters |url=https://mooddisorders.ca/support-us/our-supporters |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220302051300/https://mooddisorders.ca/support-us/our-supporters |archive-date=2 March 2022 |access-date=1 July 2022 |website=Mood Disorders Association of Ontario }}</ref>

=== Public health ===
* [[Centre for Addiction and Mental Health]] (CAMH), donor<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021 |title=Thank you to our donors |url=https://www.camh.ca/-/media/files/camhf-2020-21-annual-report-donor-listing.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220619084300/https://www.camh.ca/-/media/files/camhf-2020-21-annual-report-donor-listing.pdf |archive-date=19 June 2022 |access-date=1 July 2022 |website=[[Centre for Addiction and Mental Health]]}}</ref>
* [[Hospital for Sick Children (Toronto)|Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids)]], donor to the SickKids Foundation<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021 |title=2020-21 SickKids Annual Report |url=https://web.sickkidsfoundation.com/annual-report-2020/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220620073404/https://web.sickkidsfoundation.com/annual-report-2020/ |archive-date=20 June 2022 |access-date=1 July 2022 |website=[[SickKids|SickKids Foundation]]}}</ref>
* [[Princess Margaret Cancer Centre]] (PMCC), conference sponsor<ref>{{Cite web |title=The 8th Princess Margaret Hospital Conference: Developments in Cancer Management |url=https://fdocuments.in/document/years-of-success-anna-greenberg-richard-hill-michael-jewett-david-mccready-hans.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220620072213/https://fdocuments.in/document/years-of-success-anna-greenberg-richard-hill-michael-jewett-david-mccready-hans.html?page=1 |archive-date=20 June 2022 |access-date=1 July 2022 |website=FDocuments India}}</ref> and donor to the Princess Margaret Cancer Foundation<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021 |title=2021 Annual Report |url=https://thepmcf.ca/getmedia/9b96649e-83ba-490a-bacc-f961904b94c8/Annual-Report-2021_Digital.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120191604/https://thepmcf.ca/getmedia/9b96649e-83ba-490a-bacc-f961904b94c8/Annual-Report-2021_Digital.pdf |archive-date=20 November 2021 |access-date=1 July 2022 |website=Princess Margaret Cancer Foundation}}</ref>
* [[Scarborough Health Network]] (SHN), donor to the SHN Foundation<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021 |title=Our Donors |url=https://www.shnfoundation.ca/our-donors/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220620072949/https://www.shnfoundation.ca/our-donors/ |archive-date=20 June 2022 |access-date=1 July 2022 |website=[[Scarborough Health Network|Scarborough Health Network Foundation]] }}</ref>
* [[Sinai Health System|Sinai Health Foundation]], donor. The foundation funds [[Mount Sinai Hospital (Toronto)|Mount Sinai Hospital]], [[Bridgepoint Active Healthcare]], and the [[Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute]] in [[Toronto]], Ontario.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 March 2021 |title=Donor List - Cumulative |url=https://www.sinaihealthannualreport.ca/donor-list-cumulative |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220620153313/https://www.sinaihealthannualreport.ca/donor-list-cumulative |archive-date=20 June 2022 |access-date=1 July 2022 |website=Sinai Health Annual Report}}</ref>
* [[Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre]], donor<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022 |title=Our donors - Your Impact |url=https://sunnybrook.ca/foundation/your-impact/our-donors-2021.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220620153915/https://sunnybrook.ca/foundation/your-impact/our-donors-2021.html |archive-date=20 June 2022 |access-date=1 July 2022 |website=[[Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre|Sunnybrook Foundation]]}}</ref>

=== Research and development ===
* [[Arthritis Australia]], sponsor<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017 |title=Our Supporters |url=https://arthritisaustralia.com.au/about-us/our-supporters/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220613065711/https://arthritisaustralia.com.au/about-us/our-supporters/ |archive-date=13 June 2022 |access-date=1 July 2022 |website=[[Arthritis Australia]] }}</ref>
* BioFIT, sponsor<ref>{{Cite web |title=2017 Participants |url=https://www.biofit-event.com/partnering-biofit/2017-participants/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220612195815/https://www.biofit-event.com/partnering-biofit/2017-participants/ |archive-date=12 June 2022 |access-date=1 July 2022 |website=BioFIT }}</ref> BioFIT holds events to connect academia, pharmaceutical companies, and investors in the field of [[life sciences]] and [[biotechnology]].
* Canadian Consortium on Neurodegeneration and Aging, partner organization<ref>{{Cite web |last=Itzhak |first=Inbal |title=Partner Organizations - CCNA Phase I (2014-2019) |url=https://ccna-ccnv.ca/partner-organizations-phase-1/ |access-date=1 July 2022 |website=CCNA-CCNV |archive-date=28 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328174527/http://ccna-ccnv.ca/partner-organizations-phase-1/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Colorectal Cancer Canada, sponsor<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021 |title=Our Partnerships |url=https://www.colorectalcancercanada.com/what-we-do/our-partnerships/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516082302/https://www.colorectalcancercanada.com/what-we-do/our-partnerships/ |archive-date=16 May 2022 |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=Colorectal Cancer Canada}}</ref>
* COVID-19 Therapeutics Accelerator, collaborator<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staines |first=Richard |date=26 March 2020 |title=Pharma giants including Novartis collaborate on COVID-19 therapies |url=https://pharmaphorum.com/news/collaborate-covid19-therapies/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220118165943/https://pharmaphorum.com/news/collaborate-covid19-therapies/ |archive-date=18 January 2022 |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=Pharmaphorum }}</ref>
* [[Diabetes Canada]], corporate partner<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 2021 |title=Corporate recognition |url=https://www.diabetes.ca/get-involved/corporate-partnerships/corporate-recognition |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220501062929/https://www.diabetes.ca/get-involved/corporate-partnerships/corporate-recognition |archive-date=1 May 2022 |access-date=1 July 2022 |website=[[Diabetes Canada]] }}</ref>
* GIANT Health, event sponsor<ref>{{Cite web |title=GIANT Health London 6th-7th December 2022 |url=https://www.giant.health/the-digital-pharma-show |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220615232403/https://www.giant.health/the-digital-pharma-show |archive-date=15 June 2022 |access-date=1 July 2022 |website=GIANT Health }}</ref>
* [[Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation]] (JDRF), corporate partner<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Corporate Partners |url=https://www.jdrf.ca/who-we-are/our-corporate-partners/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220312033411/https://www.jdrf.ca/who-we-are/our-corporate-partners/ |archive-date=12 March 2022 |access-date=1 July 2022 |website=[[JDRF]] Canada }}</ref>
* New Brunswick Health Research Foundation (NBHRF), sponsor<ref>{{Cite web |title=Annual Report 2015-2016 |url=https://nbhrf.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/NBHRF-Annual-Report-2016-Inside-Pages-English-PART-1-O.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328050134/https://nbhrf.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/NBHRF-Annual-Report-2016-Inside-Pages-English-PART-1-O.pdf |archive-date=28 March 2022 |access-date=1 July 2022 |website=New Brunswick Health Research Foundation}}</ref>
* Pinnacle Research Group, sponsor<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sponsors and CRO's |url=http://www.pinnacletrials.com/sponsors/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612095624/http://www.pinnacletrials.com/sponsors/ |archive-date=12 June 2022 |access-date=12 June 2022 |website=Pinnacle Research Group }}</ref>
* Radcliffe Cardiology, industry partner<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022 |title=A-Z |url=https://www.radcliffecardiology.com/products-services/a-z |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612062914/https://www.radcliffecardiology.com/products-services/a-z |archive-date=12 June 2022 |access-date=1 July 2022 |website=Radcliffe Cardiology}}</ref>

==Pharmaceutical brands==
The company's most important products introduced prior to [[World War II]] included [[insulin]], which Lilly marketed as Iletin (Insulin, Lilly), Amytal, Merthiolate, [[ephedrine]], and liver extracts.<ref name=MLilly65/> 

During World War II, Lilly produced [[penicillin]] and other [[antibiotics]]. In addition to penicillin, other wartime production included "antimalarials," blood plasma, encephalitis vaccine, typhus and influenza vaccine, [[gas gangrene]] antitoxin, Merthiolate, and Iletin (Insulin, Lilly).<ref>Madison, ''Eli Lilly'', p. 105&ndash;6.</ref>

Among the company's other pharmaceutical developments are [[cephalosporin]], [[erythromycin]], and [[Fluoxetine|Prozac]] (fluoxetine), a [[selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor]] (SSRI) for the treatment of [[clinical depression]]. Ceclor, introduced in the 1970s, was an oral cephalosporin antibiotic. Prozac, introduced in the 1980s, quickly became the company's best-selling product for treatment of depression, but Lilly lost its U.S. patent protection for the product in 2001. Among other distinctions, Lilly is the world's largest manufacturer and distributor of medications used in a broad range of [[psychiatry|psychiatric]] and [[mental health]]-related conditions, including [[clinical depression]], [[generalized anxiety disorder]], [[narcotic]] addiction, [[insomnia]], [[bipolar disorder]], [[schizophrenia]], and others.{{Citation needed|date=July 2018}}

In March 2023, Eli Lilly announced a $35 cap on the price of monthly insulin to be put in place immediately in order to be in line with the [[Inflation Reduction Act]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/eli-lilly-caps-cost-insulin-35-month-rcna72713 |title=Drugmaker Eli Lilly caps the cost of insulin at $35 a month, bringing relief for millions |last=Lovelace Jr. |first=Berkeley |website=NBC News |date=March 2023 |publisher=NBC Universal |access-date=1 March 2023}}</ref>

Medications that provide significant revenue for Lilly include Trulicity, Mounjaro, Verzenio, Taltz, Jardiance, Humalog, Cyramza, Olumiant, Emgality, Tyvyt, Retevmo, Alimta, and Zepbound.<ref name=10K />

=== Cialis ===
{{Main|Tadalafil}}
In 2003, Eli Lilly and Company introduced [[Tadalafil|Cialis]] (tadalafil), a competitor to [[Pfizer]]'s blockbuster [[Viagra]] for [[erectile dysfunction]]. Cialis maintains an active period of 36 hours, causing it sometimes to be dubbed the "weekend pill". Cialis was developed in a partnership with [[biotechnology]] company Icos Corporation. In December 2006, Lilly bought Icos in order to gain full control of the product.<ref>With its television advertisement for Cialis during the [[Super Bowl XXXVIII|2004 Super Bowl Halftime Show]], Eli Lilly was one of several companies whose costly 2004 [[Super Bowl]] Halftime advertisements were largely overshadowed by the [[Janet Jackson]] and [[Justin Timberlake]] [[Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy]].{{Citation needed|date=July 2018}}</ref>

=== Cymbalta ===
{{Main|Duloxetine}}

Another Lilly manufactured anti-depressant, [[Duloxetine|Cymbalta]], a [[serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor]] used predominantly in the treatment of major depressive disorders and generalized anxiety disorder, ranks with Prozac as one of the most financially successful pharmaceuticals in industry history. It is also used in the treatment of [[fibromyalgia]], [[neuropathy]], [[chronic pain]] and [[osteoarthritis]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hunt |first=Katie |date=2023-05-09 |title=Millions of people are prescribed antidepressants for chronic pain. Do they work? |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/05/09/health/chronic-pain-anti-depressants-wellness/index.html |access-date=2024-10-23 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-23 |title=Thousands of duloxetine bottles, an antidepressant sold as Cymbalta, recalled over toxic chemical - CBS News |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/duloxetine-recall-2024-name-brand-cymbalta-fda-chemical/ |access-date=2024-10-23 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Kisunla ===
{{Main|Donanemab}}
Donanemab, sold under the brand name Kisunla, is a [[monoclonal antibody]] used for the treatment of [[Alzheimer's disease]]. Kisunla was approved by the US FDA in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Samantha |date=2024-07-03 |title=Eli Lilly's Groundbreaking Alzheimer's Drug, Kisunla, Gains FDA Approval |url=https://clarah.co/eli-lillys-groundbreaking-alzheimers-drug-kisunla-gains-fda-approval/ |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=CLARAH |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=UK approves Lilly's Alzheimer's drug, but deemed 'too expensive' for wide use |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/lillys-alzheimers-drug-approved-uk-2024-10-23/ |website=reuters.com}}</ref>

=== Gemzar ===
{{Main|Gemcitabine}}
In 1996, the U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] approved [[gemcitabine]] (Gemzar) for the treatment of [[pancreatic cancer]]. Gemzar is commonly used in the treatment of pancreatic cancer, usually in coordination with 5-FU [[chemotherapy]] and radiation therapy. Gemzar also is routinely used in the treatment of non-small cell [[lung cancer]].{{Citation needed|date=July 2018}}<ref>{{Cite journal |pmc=2886326 |date=2009 |last1=Toschi |first1=L. |last2=Cappuzzo |first2=F. |title=Gemcitabine for the treatment of advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer |journal=OncoTargets and Therapy |volume=2 |pages=209–217 |doi=10.2147/ott.s4645 |doi-access=free |pmid=20616908 }}</ref>

=== Methadone ===
{{Main|Methadone}}
Lilly was the first distributor of [[methadone]] in the United States, an [[analgesic]] used frequently in the treatment of [[heroin]], [[opium]] and other [[opioid]] and [[narcotic]] [[drug addiction]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Facher |first=Lev |date=2024-02-01 |title=Methadone treatment gets first major update in over 20 years |url=https://www.statnews.com/2024/02/01/opioid-addiction-methadone-clinic-regulations/ |access-date=2024-10-23 |website=STAT |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |pmc=3278176 |date=2011 |last1=O'Donnell |first1=J. |last2=Vogenberg |first2=F. R. |title=Applying Legal Risk Management to the Clinical Use of Methadone |journal=P & T: A Peer-Reviewed Journal for Formulary Management |volume=36 |issue=12 |pages=813–822 |pmid=22346315 }}</ref> Eli Lilly was able to acquire the right to produce the drug commercially for just $1 because the patent rights of the original patent holders, [[IG Farben]] and [[Farbwerke Hoechst]], were not protected after the [[Allies of World War II]] seized all German patents, research records and trade names. Eli Lilly introduced the drug to the United States in 1947, marketed under the trade name "Dolophine".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Current |first1=John D. |title=Pharmacology for Anesthetists:Anesthetics and Adjuvants |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_Du2bfrO9FwC&pg=PA386 |access-date=19 July 2019 |archive-date=1 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801093229/https://books.google.com/books?id=_Du2bfrO9FwC&pg=PA386 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Prozac ===
{{Main|Fluoxetine}}
Prozac was one of the first therapies in its class to treat clinical depression by blocking the uptake of [[serotonin]] within the [[human brain]]. Prozac was approved by the US FDA in 1987 for use in treating depression, with generic versions appearing after 2002.

=== Secobarbital ===
{{Main|Secobarbital}}
Lilly has manufactured [[Secobarbital]], a [[barbiturate]] derivative with [[anesthetic]], [[anticonvulsant]], [[sedative]] and [[hypnosis|hypnotic]] properties. Lilly marketed Secobarbital under the brand name Seconal. Secobarbital is indicated for the treatment of [[epilepsy]], temporary [[insomnia]] and as a pre-operative medication to produce anesthesia and [[anxiolysis]] in short surgical, diagnostic, or therapeutic procedures which are minimally painful. With the onset of new therapies for the treatment of these conditions, Secobarbital has been less utilized, and Lilly ceased manufacturing it in 1999.{{citation needed|date=July 2018}}

Secobarbital gained considerable attention during the 1970s, when it gained wide popularity as a [[Recreational drug use|recreational drug]]. In September 1970, [[rock music|rock]] guitarist legend [[Jimi Hendrix]] died from a secobarbital overdose. In June 1969, secobarbital overdose was the cause of death of actress [[Judy Garland]]. The drug was a central part of the plot of the hugely popular novel ''[[Valley of the Dolls (novel)|Valley of the Dolls]]'' (1966) by [[Jacqueline Susann]] in which three highly successful [[Hollywood, California|Hollywood]] women each fall victim, in various ways, to the drug. The novel was later released as a film by the same name.{{citation needed|date=July 2018}}

=== Thiomersal ===
{{Main|Thiomersal}}
Lilly has developed the [[vaccine]] preservative [[thiomersal]] (also called merthiolate and thimerosal). Thiomersal is effective by causing susceptible bacteria to [[Autolysis (biology)|autolyze]]. Launched in 1930, merthiolate was a mercury-based antiseptic and germicide that "had been formulated at the [[University of Maryland]] with support of a Lilly research fellowship."<ref name=MLilly65/> In November 2002,<ref>Homeland Security Act 2002, Public Law 107-296 [https://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/hr_5005_enr.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171210060743/https://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/hr_5005_enr.pdf|date=10 December 2017}}</ref> congressional Republicans inserted a provision into a domestic security bill that President [[George W. Bush]] signed into a law, protecting Eli Lilly from all suits in the federal courts, alleging that the drug, [[Thiomersal]] caused [[autism]] and other neurological disorders in children, such that all such matters be heard by a special master appointed for the purpose, rather than regular federal courts. Its toxicology was that it metabolized into [[ethylmercury]] (C2H5Hg+) and [[thiosalicylate]], in the body. However, since the mid 2000’s it has mostly fallen out of use.

=== Zyprexa ===
{{Main|Olanzapine}}
Zyprexa ([[Olanzapine]]) (for [[schizophrenia]] and [[bipolar disorder]], as well as [[off-label]] uses) Released in 1996, (see [[#Illegal marketing of Zyprexa|Illegal marketing of Zyprexa]]) it was the company's best selling drug through 2010, when the [[patent]] expired.<ref>{{cite news | last=Wilson | first=Duff | title=Side Effects May Include Lawsuits | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/03/business/03psych.html | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=2 October 2010 | access-date=21 February 2017 | archive-date=25 April 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110425033212/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/03/business/03psych.html | url-status=live }}</ref>

==Leadership==
[[File:President Trump Delivers Remarks on Protecting Seniors with Diabetes (49941277593) (cropped).jpg|thumb|David Ricks, Lilly CEO since 2016]]

After three generations of Lilly family leadership under company founder, Col. Eli Lilly, his son, Josiah K. Lilly Sr., and two grandsons, Eli Lilly Jr. and Josiah K. Lilly Jr., the company announced a reorganization in 1944 that prepared the way for future expansion and the eventual separation of company management from its ownership.<ref name=MLilly112>Madison, ''Eli Lilly'', p. 112.</ref> The large, complex corporation was divided into smaller groups headed by vice presidents and in 1953 Eugene N. Beesley was named the first non-family member to become the company's president.<ref name=IHSHBR6>{{cite web | title =Eli Lilly & Company | publisher =Indiana Historical Society | location =Indianapolis | page =6 | url =http://www.indianahistory.org/our-services/books-publications/hbr/eli-lilly.pdf | access-date =26 February 2013 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20160729072945/http://www.indianahistory.org/our-services/books-publications/hbr/eli-lilly.pdf | archive-date =29 July 2016 | url-status =dead }}</ref>

Although Lilly family members continued to serve as chairman of the board until 1969, Beesley's appointment began the transition to non-family management.<ref name=IHSHBR6/> In 1972 Richard Donald Wood<ref name=wsj/> became Lilly's president and CEO after the retirement of Burton E. Beck.<ref>{{cite news | last =Associated Press | title =Lilly Director Dies in Hawaii | newspaper =Anderson Herald | location =Anderson, IN | date =29 March 1977 }}</ref> In 1991 Vaughn Bryson became president and CEO<ref name=wsj/> and Wood became board chairman.<ref>{{cite news | last =Associated Press | title =Lilly Move No Big Surprise | newspaper =Kokomo Tribune | location =Kokomi, IN | date =18 September 1991 }}</ref> During Bryson's 20-month tenure as Lilly's president and CEO, the company reported its first quarterly loss as a publicly traded company.<ref name=KokomoTrib62893 />

[[Randall L. Tobias]], a vice chairman of [[AT&T Corporation]], was named chairman, president, and CEO in June 1993. Tobias, a Lilly board member since 1986, was recruited from outside the company's executive ranks<ref name=KokomoTrib62893>{{cite news | last =Associated Press | title =New Lilly Chief Doesn't Have Own 'Agenda' | newspaper =[[Kokomo Tribune]] | location =Kokomi, IN | date =26 June 1993 | url =https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/2578015/ | access-date =27 October 2015 | url-access =subscription | archive-date =21 November 2015 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20151121142348/https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/2578015/ | url-status =live }}</ref> first to replace Lilly's president and CEO, Vaughn Bryson, at Bryson's predecessor and then board chairman Richard Wood's urging and then, in short order, also Wood.<ref name=wsj>Hagerty, James R., [https://www.wsj.com/articles/eli-lilly-ceo-richard-wood-oversaw-prozac-launch-11588250679 "Eli Lilly CEO Richard Wood Oversaw Prozac Launch"], ''Wall Street Journal'', 3 May 2020. Retrieved 23 May 2020. {{subscription required}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200523030532/https://www.wsj.com/articles/eli-lilly-ceo-richard-wood-oversaw-prozac-launch-11588250679 |date=23 May 2020 }}</ref> Tobias later became the US director of Foreign Assistance and administrator of the [[United States Agency for International Development]] (USAID), with the rank of ambassador.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CREC-2006-03-29/pdf/CREC-2006-03-29-pt1-PgS2546-3.pdf|title=Congressional Record, March 29, 2006, S2546}}</ref>

[[Sidney Taurel]], former chief operating officer of Lilly, was named CEO in July 1998 to replace Tobias, who retired. Taurel became chairman of the board in January 1999.<ref name=IHSHBR9>{{cite web| title =Eli Lilly & Company| page =9| url =http://www.indianahistory.org/our-services/books-publications/hbr/eli-lilly.pdf| access-date =26 February 2013| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20160729072945/http://www.indianahistory.org/our-services/books-publications/hbr/eli-lilly.pdf| archive-date =29 July 2016| url-status =dead }}</ref> Taurel retired as CEO in March 2008, but remained as chairman of the board until 31 December 2008. [[John C. Lechleiter]] was elected as Lilly's CEO and president, effective 1 April 2008. Lechleiter had served as Lilly's president and chief operating officer since October 2005.<ref name=TaurelRetires>{{cite news | last =Associated Press | title =Lechleiter Named Lilly CEO | newspaper =Kokomo Tribune | page =A7 | date =19 December 2007 }}</ref>

In July 2016 it was announced that Lechleiter would be retiring. David Ricks was voted to succeed his position.<ref>{{Cite news |last=CNBC |date=2016-07-27 |title=Lilly CEO John Lechleiter to retire; David Ricks named as successor |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2016/07/27/john-lechleiter-to-retire-as-lilly-ceo-david-ricks-named-as-successor.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20160904170401/https://www.cnbc.com/amp/2016/07/27/john-lechleiter-to-retire-as-lilly-ceo-david-ricks-named-as-successor.html |archive-date=2016-09-04 |access-date=2024-12-29 |work=CNBC |language=en}}</ref>

===Community service===
The Lilly family as well as Eli Lilly and Company has a long history of community service. Around 1890 Col. Lilly turned over operation of the family business to his son, Josiah, who ran the company for the next several decades.<ref name=IHSHBR2/> Col. Lilly remained active in civic affairs and assisted a number of local organizations, including the Commercial Club of Indianapolis, which later became the Indianapolis Chamber of Commerce,<ref name=b399>Bodenhamer and Barrows, eds., p. 399.</ref> and the [[Charity Organization Society]], a forerunner to the Family Services Association of Central Indiana, an organization supported by [[United Way of America|United Way]].<ref name=IHSHBR2/><ref>Bodenhamer and Barrows, eds., pp. 402&ndash;03, 911&ndash;12, and 560&ndash;61.</ref> Josiah's sons, Eli and Joe, were also philanthropists who supported numerous cultural and educational organizations.<ref name=b91012>Bodenhamer and Barrows, eds., pp. 910&ndash;12.</ref>

Josiah Sr. continued his father's civic mindedness and began the company tradition of sending aid to disaster victims.<ref name=IHSHBR3 /> Following the [[1906 San Francisco earthquake]], the company sent much needed medicine to support recovery efforts and provided relief after the 1936 [[Johnstown Flood]].<ref name=IHSHBR3/>

In 1917, Lilly Field Hospital 32, named in Josiah's honor, was equipped in Indianapolis and moved overseas to Contrexville, France, during World War I, where it remained in operation until 1919.<ref name=IHSHBR3/> Throughout World War II, Lilly manufactured more than two hundred products for military use, including aviator survival kits and seasickness medications for the D-Day invasion.<ref name=IHSHBR5>{{cite web | title =Eli Lilly & Company | publisher =Indiana Historical Society | location =Indianapolis | page =5 | url =http://www.indianahistory.org/our-services/books-publications/hbr/eli-lilly.pdf | access-date =26 February 2013 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20160729072945/http://www.indianahistory.org/our-services/books-publications/hbr/eli-lilly.pdf | archive-date =29 July 2016 | url-status =dead }}</ref> In addition Lilly dried more than two million pints of blood plasma by the war's end.<ref name="Madison, Eli Lilly, p. 105"/>

===Lilly Endowment===
{{main|Lilly Endowment}}
In 1937, Josiah K. Lilly Sr. and his two sons, Eli and Joe, founded the [[Lilly Endowment]], a private charitable foundation, with gifts of Lilly stock.<ref name=MLilly20506>Madison, ''Eli Lilly'', p. 205&ndash;6.</ref> The endowment still owns 11.3% of the company.<ref name="proxy" />

===Eli Lilly and Company Foundation===
The Eli Lilly and Company Foundation, which is separate from the Lilly Endowment, operates as a tax-exempt private charitable foundation that the company established in 1968. The Foundation is funded through Lilly's corporate profits.<ref>{{cite web | last =Meek | first =Heather | title =Lilly, Eli | publisher =LearningToGive.org and the Center on Philanthropy at Indiana University | url =http://learningtogive.org/papers/paper108.html | access-date =20 February 2013 | archive-date =16 May 2013 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20130516162608/http://learningtogive.org/papers/paper108.html | url-status =live }}</ref>

== Controversies ==
=== BGH ===
{{Further|Bovine somatotropin|label1=bovine growth hormone}}
In August 2008, Eli Lilly purchased the right to manufacture [[Bovine somatotropin|bovine growth hormone]], used to increase milk production in dairy cattle, from [[Monsanto]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/stlouis/stories/2008/08/18/daily41.html |title=Eli Lilly division to buy Monsanto's cow growth hormone business for $300M |access-date=19 March 2022 |website=www.bizjournals.com |archive-date=1 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220801022707/https://www.bizjournals.com/stlouis/stories/2008/08/18/daily41.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Use of the supplement has become controversial due to the [[animal ethics]] and [[Beef hormone controversy|human health concerns]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/stlouis/stories/2008/08/04/daily68.html |access-date=23 March 2022 |title=Monsanto to divest bovine growth hormone |website=www.bizjournals.com |archive-date=29 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629222446/https://www.bizjournals.com/stlouis/stories/2008/08/04/daily68.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== 340B ===
{{Main|340B Drug Pricing Program}}
In 2021, Eli Lilly filed a court motion against in response to an advisory opinion of the [[United States Department of Health and Human Services|Department of Health and Human Services]] indicating that Eli Lilly and other drug manufacturers must continue to offer reduced pricing to covered outpatient drugs through pharmacies contracted to hospitals rather than only to the hospitals themselves.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Eli Lilly files motion to prevent giving 340B drug discounts to contract pharmacies |url=https://www.healthcarefinancenews.com/news/eli-lilly-files-motion-prevent-giving-340b-drug-discounts-contract-pharmacies |access-date=20 March 2022 |website=Healthcare Finance News |archive-date=7 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210707181953/https://www.healthcarefinancenews.com/news/eli-lilly-files-motion-prevent-giving-340b-drug-discounts-contract-pharmacies |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Lilly.com |url=https://www.lilly.com/news/stories/sustainability-in-340b-puts-patients-back-in-center |access-date=20 March 2022 |website=Eli Lilly and Company |archive-date=1 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220801022713/https://www.lilly.com/news/stories/sustainability-in-340b-puts-patients-back-in-center |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 November 2021 |title=Eli Lilly Again Reports Big Revenue Gains From 340B Denials |url=https://340binformed.org/2021/11/eli-lilly-again-reports-big-revenue-gains-from-340b-denials/ |access-date=20 March 2022 |website=340binformed.org |archive-date=20 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020051500/https://340binformed.org/2021/11/eli-lilly-again-reports-big-revenue-gains-from-340b-denials/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Prozac ===
{{Further|Standard Gravure shooting|Fluoxetine}}

In September 1989, [[Standard Gravure shooting|Joseph T. Wesbecker]] killed eight people and injured twelve before committing suicide.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wolfson |first=Andrew |title=Prozac maker paid millions to secure favorable verdict in mass shooting lawsuit, victims say |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2019/09/12/prozac-makers-secret-payment-mass-shooting-lawsuit-revealed/2302888001/ |access-date=20 March 2022 |website=USA TODAY |archive-date=20 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020051459/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2019/09/12/prozac-makers-secret-payment-mass-shooting-lawsuit-revealed/2302888001/ |url-status=live }}</ref> His relatives and victims blamed his actions on the Prozac medication he had begun taking a month prior. The incident set off a chain of lawsuits and public outcries.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prozac Litigation - Link to Suicide, Birth Defects & Class Action |url=https://www.drugwatch.com/ssri/prozac/lawsuits/ |access-date=20 March 2022 |website=Drugwatch.com |archive-date=21 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321001151/https://www.drugwatch.com/ssri/prozac/lawsuits/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Lawyers began using Prozac to justify the abnormal behaviors of their clients.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Angier |first=Natalie |date=16 August 1990 |title=HEALTH; Eli Lilly Facing Million-Dollar Suits On Its Antidepressant Drug Prozac |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/08/16/us/health-eli-lilly-facing-million-dollar-suits-on-its-antidepressant-drug-prozac.html |access-date=20 March 2022 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=20 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320133424/https://www.nytimes.com/1990/08/16/us/health-eli-lilly-facing-million-dollar-suits-on-its-antidepressant-drug-prozac.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Eli Lilly was accused of not doing enough to warn patients and doctors about the adverse effects, which it had described as [[Activation syndrome|"activation"]], years prior to the incident.<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 December 2004 |title=Eli Lilly in storm over Prozac evidence |work=Financial Times |url=https://www.ft.com/content/903824a4-5a98-11d9-aa6e-00000e2511c8 |access-date=20 March 2022 |archive-date=20 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320133423/https://www.ft.com/content/903824a4-5a98-11d9-aa6e-00000e2511c8 |url-status=live }}</ref> The link between suicide and antidepressants remains a subject of public and academic dispute.

In October 2004, the FDA added a [[boxed warning]] to all antidepressant drugs regarding use in children.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Leslie |first1=Laurel K. |last2=Newman |first2=Thomas B. |last3=Chesney |first3=P. Joan |last4=Perrin |first4=James M. |title=The Food and Drug Administration's Deliberations on Antidepressant Use in Pediatric Patients |journal=Pediatrics |date=1 July 2005 |volume=116 |issue=1 |pages=195–204 |doi=10.1542/peds.2005-0074 |pmid=15995053 |pmc=1550709 }}</ref> In 2006, the FDA included adults aged 25 or younger.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Fornaro |first1=Michele |last2=Anastasia |first2=Annalisa |last3=Valchera |first3=Alessandro |last4=Carano |first4=Alessandro |last5=Orsolini |first5=Laura |last6=Vellante |first6=Federica |last7=Rapini |first7=Gabriella |last8=Olivieri |first8=Luigi |last9=Di Natale |first9=Serena |last10=Perna |first10=Giampaolo |last11=Martinotti |first11=Giovanni |last12=Di Giannantonio |first12=Massimo |last13=De Berardis |first13=Domenico |title=The FDA "Black Box" Warning on Antidepressant Suicide Risk in Young Adults: More Harm Than Benefits? |journal=Frontiers in Psychiatry |date=3 May 2019 |volume=10 |pages=294 |doi=10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00294 |pmid=31130881 |pmc=6510161 |doi-access=free }}</ref> In February 2018, the FDA ordered an update to the warnings based on statistical evidence from twenty-four trials in which the risk of such events increased from two percent to four percent relative to the placebo trials.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Research |first=Center for Drug Evaluation and |date=3 November 2018 |title=Suicidality in Children and Adolescents Being Treated With Antidepressant Medications |url=https://www.fda.gov/drugs/postmarket-drug-safety-information-patients-and-providers/suicidality-children-and-adolescents-being-treated-antidepressant-medications |journal=FDA |access-date=20 March 2022 |archive-date=23 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823034643/https://www.fda.gov/drugs/postmarket-drug-safety-information-patients-and-providers/suicidality-children-and-adolescents-being-treated-antidepressant-medications |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== Illegal marketing of Zyprexa ===
{{See also|Olanzapine#Controversy, lawsuits and settlements|James Gottstein#Eli Lilly memos}}

Eli Lilly has faced many lawsuits from people who claimed they developed diabetes or other diseases after taking [[olanzapine]] (branded Zyprexa), an [[antipsychotic]] medication, as well as by various governmental entities, insurance companies, and others. Internal documents provided to ''[[The New York Times]]'' revealed that Lilly had downplayed the risks of Zyprexa. According to the documents, 16 percent of people taking Zyprexa gained more than 66 pounds in their first year, a much larger figure than Eli Lilly had shared with doctors.<ref name="NYT200101">{{cite news |last1=Berenson |first1=Alex |name-list-style=vanc |date=5 January 2007 |title=Lilly Settles With 18,000 Over Zyprexa |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/05/business/05drug.html |access-date=20 March 2022 |archive-date=19 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170219132706/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/05/business/05drug.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2006, Lilly paid $700 million to settle around 8,000 of these lawsuits,<ref>{{cite news |last=Berenson |first=Alex |name-list-style=vanc |date=4 January 2007 |title=Mother Wonders if Psychosis Drug Helped Kill Son |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/04/business/04drug.html |access-date=21 May 2013 |archive-date=1 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120901081344/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/04/business/04drug.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and in early 2007, Lilly settled around 18,000 suits for $500 million, which brought the total Lilly had paid to settle suits related to the drug to $1.2 billion.<ref name="NYT200101" /><ref name="timeso">{{cite news |last1=Pagnamenta |first1=Robin |date=23 January 2007 |title=Eli Lilly was concerned by Zyprexa side-effects from 1998 |work=The Times (London) |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/health/article1295456.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070220232729/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/health/article1295456.ece |archive-date=20 February 2007}}</ref>

In March 2008, Lilly settled a suit with the state of Alaska,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Berenson |first1=Alex |name-list-style=vanc |date=26 March 2008 |title=Lilly Settles Alaska Suit Over Zyprexa |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/26/business/26cnd-zyprexa.html |access-date=2 August 2022 |archive-date=15 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215125127/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/26/business/26cnd-zyprexa.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and in October 2008, Lilly agreed to pay $62 million to 32 states and the District of Columbia to settle suits brought under state [[consumer protection]] laws.<ref name="NYT2009-01">{{cite news |last1=Harris |first1=Gardiner |last2=Berenson |first2=Alex |name-list-style=vanc |date=14 January 2009 |title=Lilly Said to Be Near $1.4 Billion U.S. Settlement |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/15/business/15drug.html |access-date=2 August 2022 |archive-date=19 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170219132710/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/15/business/15drug.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2009, four sales representatives for Eli Lilly filed separate ''[[qui tam]]'' lawsuits against the company for illegally marketing Zyprexa for uses not approved by the [[Food and Drug Administration]].

Eli Lilly pleaded guilty to a US federal criminal [[misdemeanor]] charge of illegally marketing Zyprexa, actively promoting the drug for [[off-label]] uses, particularly for the treatment of dementia in the elderly.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Eli Lilly settles Zyprexa lawsuit for $1.42 billion |url=http://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/eli-lilly-settles-zyprexa-lawsuit-1-42-billion-flna1C9453543 |access-date=2 August 2022 |website=NBC News |date=15 January 2009 |archive-date=23 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823181557/https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/eli-lilly-settles-zyprexa-lawsuit-1-42-billion-flna1C9453543 |url-status=live }}</ref> The $1.415 billion penalty included an $800 million civil settlement, a $515 million criminal fine, and forfeit assets of $100 million.<ref name="usdoj-2009" /> The [[US Justice Department]] said the criminal fine of $515 million was the largest ever in a healthcare case and the largest criminal fine for an individual corporation ever imposed in a US criminal prosecution of any kind.<ref name="usdoj-2009">{{cite web |date=15 January 2009 |title=Eli Lilly and Company Agrees to Pay $1.415 Billion to Resolve Allegations of Off-label Promotion of Zyprexa |url=https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/2009/January/09-civ-038.html |work=09-civ-038 |publisher=United States Department of Justice |access-date=22 November 2020 |archive-date=13 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313044330/https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/2009/January/09-civ-038.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite web |date=15 January 2009 |title=Pharmaceutical Company Eli Lilly to Pay Record $1.415 Billion for Off-Label Drug Marketing |url=https://www.justice.gov/usao/pae/News/Pr/2009/jan/lillyrelease.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017203119/http://www.justice.gov/usao/pae/News/Pr/2009/jan/lillyrelease.pdf |archive-date=17 October 2012 |work=United States Attorney, Eastern District of Pennsylvania |publisher=United States Department of Justice }}</ref> "That was a blemish for us," [[John C. Lechleiter]], CEO of Lilly, said. "We don't ever want that to happen again. We put measures in place to assure that not only do we have the right intentions in integrity and compliance, but we have systems in place to support that."<ref>{{cite news |last=Wilson | first=Duff |date=2 October 2010 |title=Side Effects May Include Lawsuits |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/03/business/03psych.html |access-date=23 September 2011 |archive-date=25 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110425033212/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/03/business/03psych.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In an internal email, Lechleiter had stated "we must seize the opportunity to expand our work with [[Olanzapine|Zyprexa]] in this same child-adolescent population" for [[off-label]] use.<ref name="Berenson">{{cite news |last1=Berenson |first1=Alex |date=15 March 2008 |title=Eli Lilly E-Mail Discussed Unapproved Use of Drug |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/15/business/15drug.html |access-date=24 August 2015 |archive-date=1 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220801022946/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/15/business/15drug.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In January 2020, lawyer [[James Gottstein]] published a book titled ''The Zyprexa Papers'' summarizing the legal activities surrounding Zyprexa, and their impact on the political landscape of psychiatry and antipsychiatry in the US.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gottstein |first1=James |title=The Zyreza Papers |publisher=Samizdat Health Writer's Cooperative 2021 |year=2021 }} https://thezyprexapapers.com/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404200609/https://thezyprexapapers.com/ |date=4 April 2022 }}. Retrieved 21-10-26.</ref> The book details of how he obtained the Zyprexa papers, including how [[Will Hall (writer)|Will Hall]] and a small group of "psychiatric survivors" untraceably spread the Zyprexa Papers on the Internet and his battles on behalf of Bill Bigley, the psychiatric patient whose ordeal made possible the exposure of the Zyprexa Papers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Fight for Pharma Accountability and Psychiatric Rights: Jim Gottstein, Esq |url=https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/the-fight-for-pharma-accountability-and-psychiatric-rights-jim-gottstein-esq |access-date=2 August 2022 |website=Psychiatric Times |date=2 August 2022 |archive-date=3 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220803034135/https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/the-fight-for-pharma-accountability-and-psychiatric-rights-jim-gottstein-esq |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Discrimination ===
In March 2021, Eli Lilly and Company was accused of sex discrimination by a former lobbyist who claimed she was forced to work in a sexually hostile work environment.<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.forbes.com/sites/carlieporterfield/2021/03/30/eli-lilly-is-facing-a-lawsuit-alleging-a-sexually-hostile-work-environment-from-a-former-lobbyist/|title = Eli Lilly is Facing a Lawsuit Alleging A 'Sexually Hostile Work Environment' from a Former Lobbyist|website = [[Forbes]]|access-date = 20 March 2022|archive-date = 1 August 2022|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220801022947/https://www.forbes.com/sites/carlieporterfield/2021/03/30/eli-lilly-is-facing-a-lawsuit-alleging-a-sexually-hostile-work-environment-from-a-former-lobbyist/|url-status = live}}</ref> The parties involved settled for an undisclosed amount in June 2021.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Higgins-Dunn |first=Noah |date=30 June 2021 |title=Amid rush of scandals, Eli Lilly settles sex discrimination, harassment suit with former lobbyist |url=https://www.fiercepharma.com/pharma/amid-rush-scandals-eli-lilly-resolves-sex-discrimination-harassment-suit-former-lobbyist |access-date=20 March 2022 |website=Fierce Pharma |archive-date=30 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210630153148/https://www.fiercepharma.com/pharma/amid-rush-scandals-eli-lilly-resolves-sex-discrimination-harassment-suit-former-lobbyist |url-status=live }}</ref>

In September 2021, Eli Lilly and Company was accused in a [[Federal judiciary of the United States|federal court]] lawsuit of discriminating against older applicants for sales positions based on their implementation of hiring quotas for millennials.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Terrell |first=Kenneth |title=Older Workers Sue Eli Lilly for Age Discrimination |url=https://www.aarp.org/work/age-discrimination/eli-lilly/ |access-date=20 March 2022 |website=AARP |archive-date=1 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220801022946/https://www.aarp.org/work/age-discrimination/eli-lilly/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Canada patent lawsuit ===
In September 2013, Eli Lilly sued [[Canada]] for violating its obligations to foreign investors under the [[North American Free Trade Agreement]] by allowing its courts to invalidate patents for [[Atomoxetine|Strattera]] and [[Olanzapine|Zyprexa]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Stastna | first=Kazi |date=13 September 2013 |title=Eli Lilly files $500M NAFTA suit against Canada over drug patents |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/business/eli-lilly-files-500m-nafta-suit-against-canada-over-drug-patents-1.1829854 |access-date=1 April 2015 |publisher=CBC |archive-date=26 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326105247/http://www.cbc.ca/news/business/eli-lilly-files-500m-nafta-suit-against-canada-over-drug-patents-1.1829854 |url-status=live }}</ref> Canadian courts found [[Atomoxetine|Strattera's]] seven-week long study of twenty-two patients, too short and too narrow in scope to qualify for the patent. The [[Olanzapine|Zyprexa]] patent was invalidated because it had not achieved its promised [[Utility in Canadian patent law|utility]]. The company sought damages in the amount of $500 million for lost profits. They ultimately lost the case in 2017.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://financialpost.com/legal-post/eli-lilly-loses-nafta-challenge-brought-against-canada | title=Eli Lilly loses NAFTA challenge brought against Canada | last=Melnitzer | first=Julius | newspaper=Financial Post | date=27 March 2017 | access-date=8 March 2021}}</ref>

=== Illegal marketing of Evista ===
{{See also|Raloxifene|label 1=Evista }}

[[Raloxifene|Evista]] is a medication typically used to prevent and treat [[osteoporosis]] in [[Menopause|postmenopausal]] women.

In December 2005, Eli Lilly and Company agreed to plead guilty and pay $36 million in connection with the illegal promotion of the drug.<ref>{{Cite web |title=#05-685: 12-21-05 Eli Lilly and Company to Pay U.S. $36 Million Relating to Off-Label Promotion |url=https://www.justice.gov/archive/opa/pr/2005/December/05_civ_685.html |access-date=20 March 2022 |website=www.justice.gov |archive-date=20 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320144612/https://www.justice.gov/archive/opa/pr/2005/December/05_civ_685.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Sales representatives were trained to promote [[Raloxifene|Evista]] for breast cancer and cardiovascular disease, to prompt or bait questions by doctors, and to send them unsolicited letters promoting [[Raloxifene|Evista]] for unapproved use. The company distributed a videotape in which a sales representative declared that "Evista truly is the best drug for the prevention of all these diseases." Some sales representatives had also been instructed to conceal the disclosure page which stated that the effectiveness of the drug in reducing breast cancer risks had not yet been established.{{Citation needed|date=March 2022}}

=== Insulin pricing ===
In January 2019, lawmakers from the [[United States House of Representatives]] sent letters to Eli Lilly and other insulin manufacturers asking for explanations for their rapidly raising insulin prices. The annual cost of insulin for people with type 1 diabetes in the US almost doubled from $2,900 to $5,700 over the period from 2012 to 2016.<ref>{{cite news |last=Abutaleb | first=Yasmeen |date=30 January 2019 |access-date=1 February 2019 |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-healthcare-insulin/u-s-lawmakers-request-info-from-insulin-makers-on-rising-prices-idUSKCN1PO2LQ |publisher=Reuters |title=U.S. lawmakers request info from insulin makers on rising prices |archive-date=31 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190131230558/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-healthcare-insulin/u-s-lawmakers-request-info-from-insulin-makers-on-rising-prices-idUSKCN1PO2LQ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Renewed attention was brought to Eli Lilly's pricing of insulin in November 2022, after a [[Twitter verification|verified Twitter account]] impersonating Eli Lilly posted on Twitter that insulin would now be free.<ref name="thestar">{{cite web |url=https://www.thestar.com/business/technology/2022/11/11/eli-lilly-loses-billions-in-market-cap-after-verified-twitter-impostor-promises-free-insulin.html |title=Eli Lilly loses billions in market cap after 'verified' Twitter impostor promises free insulin |first=Kevin |last=Jiang |website=[[Toronto Star|TheStar.com]] |date=11 November 2022 |access-date=14 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221114120039/https://www.thestar.com/business/technology/2022/11/11/eli-lilly-loses-billions-in-market-cap-after-verified-twitter-impostor-promises-free-insulin.html |archive-date=14 November 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="forbes1">{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/brucelee/2022/11/12/fake-eli-lilly-twitter-account-claims-insulin-is-free-stock-falls-43/?sh=5c04b4b941a3 |title=Fake Eli Lilly Twitter Account Claims Insulin Is Free, Stock Falls 4.37% | first=Bruce Y. |last=Lee |website=[[Forbes]] |date=12 November 2022 |access-date= 14 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221114120515/https://www.forbes.com/sites/brucelee/2022/11/12/fake-eli-lilly-twitter-account-claims-insulin-is-free-stock-falls-43/ |archive-date=14 November 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="forbes2">{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/marisadellatto/2022/11/10/eli-lilly-clarifies-its-not-offering-free-insulin-after-tweet-from-fake-verified-account-as-chaos-unfolds-on-twitter/?sh=2cceedcb51a3 |title=Eli Lilly Clarifies It's Not Offering Free Insulin After Tweet From Fake Verified Account—As Chaos Unfolds On Twitter |first=Marisa |last=Dellatto |website=[[Forbes]] |date= 10 November 2022 |access-date= 14 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221114120223/https://www.forbes.com/sites/marisadellatto/2022/11/10/eli-lilly-clarifies-its-not-offering-free-insulin-after-tweet-from-fake-verified-account-as-chaos-unfolds-on-twitter/ |archive-date=14 November 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> The following year, the company announced that it would be reducing the out-of-pocket price of insulin to $35 a month. The company also stated that it would lower the price of Humalog from $275 a month to $66 and that it would offer [[insulin glargine]] at a 78% discount compared to rival company [[Sanofi]]. Despite this, the reduced costs will not apply to Eli Lilly's newer brands of insulin, and the company's pricing is still significantly higher than it was several decades prior.<ref name="Robbins 2023">{{cite news |last1=Robbins |first1=Rebecca |title=Eli Lilly Says It Will Cut the Price of Insulin |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/01/business/insulin-price-cap-eli-lilly.html?smid=tw-nytimes&smtyp=cur |access-date=1 March 2023 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=1 March 2023 |ref=Robbins 2023}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
*{{cite book|title=The Encyclopedia of Indianapolis|editor-last1=Bodenhamer | editor-first1=David J | editor-last2=Barrows | editor-first2=Robert G |publisher=Indiana University Press| location =Bloomington and Indianapolis| year=1994|isbn=978-0-253-31222-8}}
*{{cite web | title =Eli Lilly & Company | publisher =Indiana Historical Society | url =http://www.indianahistory.org/our-services/books-publications/hbr/eli-lilly.pdf | access-date =24 October 2016 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20160729072945/http://www.indianahistory.org/our-services/books-publications/hbr/eli-lilly.pdf | archive-date =29 July 2016 | url-status =dead }}
*{{cite book | last=Kahn | first=E. J. | title =All In A Century: The First 100 Years of Eli Lilly and Company | year =1975 | location =West Cornwall, CT | oclc=5288809}}
*{{cite book | last =Madison | first =James H. | title =Eli Lilly: A Life, 1885&ndash;1977 | publisher =Indiana Historical Society | year =1989 | location =Indianapolis | isbn =978-0-87195-047-5 | url =https://archive.org/details/elilillylife188500madi }}
*{{cite journal | last =Madison | first =James H. | title =Manufacturing Pharmaceuticals: Eli Lilly and Company, 1876–1948 | journal =Business and Economic History | volume =18 | page =72 | publisher =Business History Conference | year =1989 | url =http://www.thebhc.org/publications/BEHprint/v018/p0072-p0078.pdf | access-date =20 February 2013 | url-status =dead | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20130514134313/http://thebhc.org/publications/BEHprint/v018/p0072-p0078.pdf | archive-date =14 May 2013 }}
*{{cite book|title=Pharmaceutical Capsules|last1=Podczeck | first1=Fridrun |first2=Brian E. |last2=Jones|publisher=Pharmaceutical Press |location=Chicago | year=2004|isbn=978-0-85369-568-4}}
*{{cite book|title=Indiana Legends: Famous Hoosiers From Johnny Appleseed to David Letterman|last=Price | first=Nelson |publisher=Guild Press of Indiana | location =Indianapolis | year=1997 |isbn=978-1-57860-006-9}}
*{{cite book | last1=Taylor Jr. | first1=Robert M. |first2=Errol Wayne |last2=Stevens |first3=Mary Ann |last3=Ponder |first4=Paul | last4=Brockman | title =Indiana: A New Historical Guide | publisher =Indiana Historical Society | year =1989 | location =Indianapolis | page =481 | isbn =978-0-87195-048-2}}
* {{cite book|last1=Tobias|first1=Randall|last2=Tobias|first2=Todd|title=Put the Moose on the Table: Lessons in Leadership from a CEO's Journey through Business and Life|date=2003|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=978-0-253-11011-4|url=https://archive.org/details/putmooseontablel0000tobi}}
*{{cite journal |last1=Weintraut | first1=Linda |first2=Jane R. |last2=Nolan | title = The Secret Life of Building 314 | journal = Traces of Indiana and Midwestern History | volume = 8 | issue = 3 | pages = 16&ndash;27 | publisher = Indiana Historical Society | location = Indianapolis}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Eli Lilly and Company}}
*{{official website}}
*''[https://digital.sciencehistory.org/works/k0698840f Hand book of pharmacy and therapeutics]'', [[Science History Institute]], {{Circa|1919}}
{{Finance links
| name = Eli Lilly and Company
| symbol = LLY
| sec_cik = 59478
| yahoo = LLY
| google = LLY:NYSE
}}
{{Eli Lilly and Company}}
{{Pharmaceutical companies of the United States}}
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{{Authority control}}

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