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{{Short description|American politician (born 1949)}} {{Use American English|date=June 2019}} {{Use mdy dates|date=June 2024}} {{good article}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = Elizabeth Warren | image = Elizabeth-warren-2022.jpg | caption = Senator Warren in 2023 | office = Ranking Member of the [[United States Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs|Senate Banking Committee]] | term_start = January 3, 2025 | term_end = | predecessor = [[Tim Scott]] | successor = | office1 = [[Vice Chair of the Senate Democratic Caucus]] | leader1 = [[Chuck Schumer]] | alongside1 = [[Mark Warner]] | term_start1 = January 3, 2017 | term_end1 = | predecessor1 = Chuck Schumer | successor1 = | state2 = [[Massachusetts]] | jr/sr2 = United States Senator | alongside2 = [[Ed Markey]] | term_start2 = January 3, 2013 | term_end2 = | predecessor2 = [[Scott Brown (politician)|Scott Brown]] | successor2 = | office3 = Special Advisor for the [[Consumer Financial Protection Bureau]] | president3 = [[Barack Obama]] | term_start3 = September 17, 2010 | term_end3 = August 1, 2011 | predecessor3 = Position established | successor3 = [[Raj Date]] | office4 = Chair of the [[Congressional Oversight Panel]] | deputy4 = [[Damon Silvers]] | term_start4 = November 25, 2008 | term_end4 = November 15, 2010 | predecessor4 = Position established | successor4 = [[Ted Kaufman]] | birth_name = Elizabeth Ann Herring | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1949|6|22}} | birth_place = [[Oklahoma City, Oklahoma]], U.S. | death_date = | death_place = | party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] (1996–present) | otherparty = [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] (1991–1996)<ref name=GlobeSteep>{{cite web |url=https://www.boston.com/uncategorized/noprimarytagmatch/2012/08/19/for-professor-warren-a-steep-climb |work=[[The Boston Globe]] |title=For Professor Warren, a steep climb |access-date=January 27, 2014 |date=August 19, 2012 |first1=Stephanie |last1=Ebbert |first2=Michael |last2=Levenson |archive-date=October 16, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016105325/https://www.boston.com/uncategorized/noprimarytagmatch/2012/08/19/for-professor-warren-a-steep-climb |url-status=live}}</ref> | spouse = {{ubl |{{marriage|Jim Warren|1968|1978|end=div}} |{{marriage|[[Bruce H. Mann]]|July 12, 1980}}}} | children = 2, including [[Amelia Warren Tyagi|Amelia]] | education = [[George Washington University]]<br>[[University of Houston]] ([[Bachelor of Science|BS]])<br>[[Rutgers University]] ([[Juris Doctor|JD]]) | signature = Elizabeth Warren Signature.svg | website = [http://www.warren.senate.gov/ Senate website] [http://www.elizabethwarren.com/ Campaign website] | module = {{Listen |pos = center |embed = yes |filename = Elizabeth Warren on private equity firms and increased rental prices.ogg |title = Warren's voice |type = speech |description = Warren questions witnesses on [[private equity firms]] and increased rental prices<br/>Recorded August 2, 2022}} }} '''Elizabeth Ann Warren''' ([[née]] '''Herring'''; born June 22, 1949) is an American politician and former law professor who is the [[Seniority in the United States Senate|senior]] [[United States senator]] from the state of [[Massachusetts]], serving since 2013. A member of the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] and regarded as a [[Progressivism in the United States|progressive]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/where-bernie-sanders-elizabeth-warren-disagree-on-progressive-policy-2019-11|title=Bernie Sanders and Elizabeth Warren are the 2020 progressive standard-bearers. Here's where they disagree on policy|last=Relman|first=Shayanne Gal, Eliza|website=Business Insider|access-date=March 4, 2020|archive-date=March 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304070939/https://www.businessinsider.com/where-bernie-sanders-elizabeth-warren-disagree-on-progressive-policy-2019-11|url-status=live}}</ref> Warren has focused on [[consumer protection]], equitable economic opportunity, and the [[social safety net]] while in the Senate. Warren was a candidate in the [[2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries]], ultimately finishing third after [[Joe Biden]] and [[Bernie Sanders]]. Born and raised in [[Oklahoma]], Warren is a graduate of the [[University of Houston]] and [[Rutgers Law School]] at [[Rutgers University–Newark]] and has taught law at several universities, including the [[University of Houston Law Center|University of Houston]], the [[University of Texas School of Law|University of Texas at Austin]], the [[University of Pennsylvania Law School|University of Pennsylvania]], and [[Harvard Law School|Harvard University]]. Warren has written 12 books and more than 100 articles.<ref>{{cite web |title=Elizabeth Warren |url=https://hls.harvard.edu/faculty/directory/10935/Warren/publications |publisher=Harvard Law School |access-date=February 13, 2020 |archive-date=February 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200221051744/https://hls.harvard.edu/faculty/directory/10935/Warren/publications |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name = eleven/><ref>{{cite news |last=Lerer |first=Lisa |date=May 1, 2021 |title=Elizabeth Warren Grapples with Presidential Loss in New Book |work=[[The New York Times]] }}</ref> Warren's first foray into [[public policy]] began in 1995, when she worked to oppose what eventually became a [[Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act|2005 act restricting bankruptcy access for individuals]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=14 Years Ago, Warren And Biden Battled Over Bankruptcy. Their Fight Still Defines A Party Rift|url=https://www.wbur.org/news/2019/05/21/warren-biden-bankruptcy-bill-democrats|access-date=August 3, 2021|website=www.wbur.org|date=June 11, 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Meyer|first=Theodoric|title=Inside Biden and Warren's Yearslong Feud|url=https://politi.co/2TBuQmD|access-date=August 3, 2021|website=Politico Magazine|date=March 12, 2019 |language=en}}</ref> During the late 2000s, her national profile grew after her forceful public stances in favor of more stringent [[banking regulations]] after the [[2008 financial crisis]]. She served as chair of the [[Oversight of the Troubled Asset Relief Program|Congressional Oversight Panel]] of the [[Troubled Asset Relief Program]], and proposed and established the [[Consumer Financial Protection Bureau]], for which she served as the first special advisor under President [[Barack Obama]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Warren –|first=Elizabeth|title=Testimony of Elizabeth Warren Before the Subcommittee on TARP, Financial Services, and Bailouts of Public and Private Programs|url=https://www.consumerfinance.gov/about-us/newsroom/testimony-of-elizabeth-warren-before-the-subcommittee-on-tarp-financial-services-and-bailouts-of-public-and-private-programs/|access-date=August 3, 2021|website=Consumer Financial Protection Bureau|date=May 24, 2011 |language=en}}</ref> In [[2012 United States Senate election in Massachusetts|2012]], Warren defeated incumbent Republican [[Scott Brown (politician)|Scott Brown]] and became the first female U.S. senator from Massachusetts.<ref>{{Cite web|date=November 7, 2012|title=Elizabeth Warren defeats Scott Brown in Massachusetts Senate race|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/nov/07/elizabeth-warren-scott-brown-massachusetts-results|access-date=June 11, 2022|archive-date = May 23, 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140523140447/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/nov/07/elizabeth-warren-scott-brown-massachusetts-results | last = Gabbatt | first = Adam |website=The Guardian|language=en}}</ref> She was reelected by a wide margin in [[2018 United States Senate election in Massachusetts|2018]], defeating Republican nominee [[Geoff Diehl]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=LeBlanc|first=Steve|date=November 7, 2018|title=Sen. Warren wins re-election, promptly rips into Trump|url=https://apnews.com/article/7d7f1849c6b443dcbbfc08e87f032506|access-date=August 3, 2021|website=AP News}}</ref> On February 9, 2019, Warren announced [[Elizabeth Warren 2020 presidential campaign|her candidacy]] in the [[2020 United States presidential election]].<ref name=CNNkickoff>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/09/politics/elizabeth-warren-campaign-kickoff-massachusetts/index.html |title=Elizabeth Warren kicks off presidential campaign with challenge to super-wealthy – and other Democrats |first1=MJ |last1=Lee |first2=Gregory |last2=Krieg |date=February 9, 2019 |publisher=[[CNN]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101171408/https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/09/politics/elizabeth-warren-campaign-kickoff-massachusetts/index.html |archive-date=January 1, 2020 |access-date=February 9, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> She was briefly considered the front-runner for the Democratic nomination in late 2019, but support for her campaign dwindled. She withdrew from the race on March 5, 2020, after [[Super Tuesday]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wdtn.com/news/your-local-election-hq/warren-ends-2020-presidential-bid-after-super-tuesday-rout/|title=Warren ends 2020 presidential bid after Super Tuesday rout |publisher=[[WDTN]]|date=March 5, 2020|access-date=March 6, 2020|archive-date=March 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200306161033/https://www.wdtn.com/news/your-local-election-hq/warren-ends-2020-presidential-bid-after-super-tuesday-rout/ |url-status=live}}</ref> She was reelected to a third Senate term in [[2024 United States Senate election in Massachusetts|2024]] against Republican nominee John Deaton.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Elizabeth Warren beats John Deaton, securing third US Senate term |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/2024/11/05/metro/warren-wins-massachusetts-senate-reelection-2/ |access-date=2024-11-07 |website=The Boston Globe |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-05 |title=Massachusetts Democrat Elizabeth Warren wins third term in US Senate |url=https://apnews.com/article/senate-election-warren-deaton-massachusetts-c588a6362c155012fcbce17478c112f6 |access-date=2024-11-07 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref> {{TOC limit|3}} == Early life and education == Warren was born Elizabeth Ann Herring in [[Oklahoma City]] on June 22, 1949.<ref name=Globe.Defeats>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2012/11/07/elizabeth-warren-defeats-incumbent-scott-brown-first-mass-woman-senate-hard-race-ends-victory-for-liberalism/i0PsriZIRzoiQPrQtjCxML/story.html |title=Elizabeth Warren defeats Scott Brown |last1=Bierman |first1=Noah |last2=Phillips |first2=Frank |date=November 7, 2012 |website=[[The Boston Globe]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110025205/https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2012/11/07/elizabeth-warren-defeats-incumbent-scott-brown-first-mass-woman-senate-hard-race-ends-victory-for-liberalism/i0PsriZIRzoiQPrQtjCxML/story.html |archive-date=November 10, 2012 |url-status=dead |access-date=June 21, 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/08/12/AR2010081206356.html |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |title=Elizabeth Warren, likely to head new consumer agency, provokes strong feelings |access-date=November 18, 2010 |date=August 13, 2010 |first=Brady |last=Dennis |archive-date=October 11, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191011221813/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/08/12/AR2010081206356.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=Unwinding>{{cite book |title=The Unwinding, an inner history of the New America |publisher=Farrar, Straus, and Giroux |last=Packer |first=George |author-link=George Packer |year=2013 |location=New York |pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780374102418/page/345 345–346] |isbn=978-0-374-10241-8 |title-link=The Unwinding }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2015/01/09/us/elizabeth-warren-fast-facts/index.html|title=Elizabeth Warren Fast Facts|date=December 31, 2018|website=CNN|url-status=live|access-date=January 7, 2019|archive-date=January 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200113121053/https://www.cnn.com/2015/01/09/us/elizabeth-warren-fast-facts/index.html}}</ref> She is the fourth child of Pauline Louise (née Reed, 1912–1995), a [[homemaker]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/24583839/pauline_louise_reed_herring_obituary/|title=Pauline Louise Reed Herring Obituary|newspaper=The Daily Oklahoman|date=July 20, 1995|page=46|access-date=December 20, 2019|archive-date=December 20, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220142725/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/24583839/pauline_louise_reed_herring_obituary/|url-status=live}}</ref> and Donald Jones Herring (1911–1997), a [[U.S. Army]] [[flight instructor]] during [[World War II]], both of whom were members of the evangelical branch of the Protestant Methodist Church.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/24584356/donald_j_herring_obituary/|title=Donald J Herring Obituary|newspaper=The Daily Oklahoman|date=December 5, 1997|page=33|access-date=December 20, 2019|archive-date=December 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219215413/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/24584356/donald_j_herring_obituary/|url-status=live}}</ref> Warren has described her early family life as teetering "on the ragged edge of the [[middle class]]" and "kind of hanging on at the edges by our fingernails."<ref name="tenthings">{{cite news |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2010/10/04/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-elizabeth-warren |title=10 Things You Didn't Know About Elizabeth Warren |work=[[U.S. News & World Report]] |date=October 4, 2010 |access-date=July 26, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110123083816/https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2010/10/04/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-elizabeth-warren |archive-date=January 23, 2011 }}</ref><ref name="Bierman2">{{cite news |first=Noah |last=Bierman |title=A girl who soared, but longed to belong |date=February 12, 2012 |access-date=November 10, 2017 |website=[[The Boston Globe]] |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2012/02/12/for-warren-seeds-activism-forged-plains-oklahoma/rx59B8AcqsZokclyJXkg7I/story.html |archive-date=November 10, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171110114613/http://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2012/02/12/for-warren-seeds-activism-forged-plains-oklahoma/rx59B8AcqsZokclyJXkg7I/story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> She and her three older brothers were raised [[Methodist]].<ref name="McGrane">{{cite web |last=McGrane |first=Victoria |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/nation/2017/09/02/religion-constant-part-warren-life/ndGztmfK5veAGMI6A4OKEI/story.html |title=Religion is constant part of Elizabeth Warren's life |newspaper=[[The Boston Globe]] |date=September 2, 2017 |access-date=September 16, 2017 |archive-date=December 18, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181218141726/https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/nation/2017/09/02/religion-constant-part-warren-life/ndGztmfK5veAGMI6A4OKEI/story.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www3.bostonglobe.com/metro/2012/09/15/elizabeth-warren-family-has-mixed-memories-about-heritage/o9oXvDiUMcXiipkyuinU5M/story.html?arc404=true |title=Warren's extended family split about heritage |first=Sally |last=Jacobs |work=[[The Boston Globe]] |date=September 16, 2017 |access-date=December 9, 2017 |archive-date=December 10, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210132952/https://www3.bostonglobe.com/metro/2012/09/15/elizabeth-warren-family-has-mixed-memories-about-heritage/o9oXvDiUMcXiipkyuinU5M/story.html?arc404=true |url-status=live }}</ref> Warren lived in [[Norman, Oklahoma]], until she was 11 years old, when her family moved back to Oklahoma City.<ref name="Bierman2"/><!-- Age at move at Bierman2 video +3:10 --> When she was 12, her father, then a salesman at [[Montgomery Ward]],<ref name="Bierman2"/> had a heart attack, which led to many medical bills as well as a pay cut because he could not do his previous work.<ref name=Unwinding/> After leaving his sales job, he worked as a maintenance man for an apartment building.<ref name="Bostonian-2009" /> Eventually, the family's car was repossessed because they failed to make [[car loan|loan]] payments. To help the family finances, her mother found work in the catalog-order department at [[Sears]].<ref name=Unwinding/> When she was 13, Warren started waiting tables at her aunt's restaurant.<ref name="vanity">{{cite news |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2011/11/elizabeth-warren-201111 |title=The Woman Who Knew Too Much |last=Andrews |first=Suzanna |date=November 2011 |work=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |access-date=September 21, 2019 |archive-date=November 16, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191116053627/https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2011/11/elizabeth-warren-201111 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.huffpost.com/author/elizabeth-warren |title=Elizabeth Warren |website=The Huffington Post |access-date=September 21, 2019 |archive-date=August 11, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190811145232/https://www.huffpost.com/author/elizabeth-warren |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Elizabeth Warren's High School Graduation Photo.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Warren's high school graduation photo]] Warren became a star member of the debate team at [[Northwest Classen High School]] and won the state high school debating championship. She also won a debate scholarship to [[George Washington University]] (GWU) at the age of 16.<ref name=Unwinding/> She initially aspired to be a teacher, but left GWU after two years in 1968 to marry James Robert "Jim" Warren,<ref name=JimsFullName/> whom she had met in high school.<ref name=Unwinding/><ref name="vanity" /><ref name="bberg">{{cite news |title=Warren Winning Means No Sale If You Can't Explain It |first1=Mark |last1=Pittman |first2=Bob |last2=Ivry |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&pos=10&sid=a.DEiDrOr.ms |date=November 19, 2009 |work=[[Bloomberg L.P.|Bloomberg]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017234601/http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&pos=10&sid=a.DEiDrOr.ms |archive-date=October 17, 2015 }}</ref> Warren and her husband moved to [[Houston]], where he was employed by [[IBM]].<ref name=Unwinding/><ref>{{cite news |first=Stephanie |last=Ebbert |url=https://www.boston.com/news/politics/2012/10/24/family-long-a-bedrock-for-warren |title=Family long a bedrock for Warren |newspaper=[[The Boston Globe]] |date=October 24, 2012 |access-date=September 14, 2017 |archive-date=September 15, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170915025654/https://www.boston.com/news/politics/2012/10/24/family-long-a-bedrock-for-warren |url-status=live }}</ref> She enrolled in the [[University of Houston]] and graduated in 1970 with a [[Bachelor of Science]] degree in speech pathology and audiology.<ref name="Bostonian-2009">{{cite news |first=Charles P. |last=Pierce |author-link=Charles P. Pierce |url=https://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/magazine/articles/2009/12/20/elizabeth_warren_is_the_bostonian_of_the_year/ |title=The Watchdog: Elizabeth Warren |newspaper=[[The Boston Globe]] (Sunday Magazine) |date=December 20, 2009 |access-date=March 9, 2015 |archive-date=March 5, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150305151033/http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/magazine/articles/2009/12/20/elizabeth_warren_is_the_bostonian_of_the_year/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=WarrenCV2008/> The Warrens moved to [[New Jersey]] when Jim received a job transfer. She soon became pregnant and decided to stay at home to care for their daughter, [[Amelia Warren Tyagi|Amelia]].<ref name=Unwinding /><ref name="tenthings" /><ref name="conversations">{{cite web |url=http://globetrotter.berkeley.edu/people7/Warren/warren-con0.html |title=Conversation with Elizabeth Warren |work=Conversations with History |publisher=Institute of International Studies, [[University of California, Berkeley]] |date=March 8, 2007 |last=Kreisler |first=Harry |access-date=September 21, 2019 |archive-date=December 12, 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121212005610/http://globetrotter.berkeley.edu/people7/Warren/warren-con0.html |url-status=live }}</ref> After Amelia turned two, Warren enrolled at [[Rutgers Law School]].<ref name="conversations" /> She received her [[Juris Doctor]] in 1976 and passed the [[bar examination]] shortly thereafter.<ref name="bberg"/><ref name="conversations" /> Shortly before graduating, Warren became pregnant with their second child, Alexander.<ref name=Unwinding /><ref name="tenthings" /> ==Career== In 1970, after obtaining a degree in speech pathology and audiology, but before enrolling in law school, Warren taught children with disabilities for a year in a public school.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.biography.com/political-figure/elizabeth-warren|title=Elizabeth Warren biography|website=[[The Biography Channel]]|access-date=September 19, 2012|archive-date=April 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419192957/https://www.biography.com/political-figure/elizabeth-warren|url-status=live}}</ref> During law school, she worked as a summer associate at [[Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft]]. After receiving her [[Juris Doctor]] and passing the [[bar examination]], Warren offered legal services from home, writing wills and doing real estate closings.<ref name="bberg"/><ref name="conversations" /> In the late 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, Warren taught law at several American universities while researching issues related to [[bankruptcy]] and middle-class [[personal finance]].<ref name="conversations" /> She became involved with public work in bankruptcy regulation and consumer protection in the mid-1990s. ===Academic=== Warren began her career in academia as a lecturer at [[Rutgers University–Newark|Rutgers University, Newark]] [[Rutgers School of Law – Newark|School of Law]] (1977–1978). She then moved to the [[University of Houston Law Center]] (1978–1983), where she became an associate dean in 1980 and obtained [[tenure]] in 1981. She taught at the [[University of Texas School of Law]] as visiting associate professor in 1981 and returned as a full professor two years later (staying from 1983 to 1987). She was a research associate at the Population Research Center of the [[University of Texas at Austin]] from 1983 to 1987<ref name=WarrenCV2008>{{cite web |url=http://www.law.harvard.edu/faculty/ewarren/Warren%20CV%20062508.pdf |title=''Curriculum Vitae'' |last=Warren |first=Elizabeth |publisher=Harvard Law School |year=2008 |access-date=September 21, 2019 |archive-date=April 18, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160418053208/http://www.law.harvard.edu/faculty/ewarren/Warren%20CV%20062508.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> and was also a visiting professor at the [[University of Michigan]] in 1985. During this period, Warren also taught [[Sunday school]].<ref name="McGrane" /><ref>{{cite news |first=Eugene Joseph Jr. |last=Dionne |author-link=E. J. Dionne |title=Elizabeth Warren on health care and religion |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-partisan/post/elizabeth-warren-on-health-care-and-religion/2012/08/23/5c509058-ed6c-11e1-9ddc-340d5efb1e9c_blog.html |date=August 23, 2012 |access-date=September 21, 2019 |archive-date=September 10, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190910174220/https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-partisan/post/elizabeth-warren-on-health-care-and-religion/2012/08/23/5c509058-ed6c-11e1-9ddc-340d5efb1e9c_blog.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Elizabeth Warren in 1987 Peregrinus.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.8|Warren in [[University of Texas School of Law]]'s 1987 yearbook]] Warren's earliest academic work was heavily influenced by the [[law and economics]] movement, which aimed to apply [[neoclassical economics|neoclassical economic theory]] to the study of law with an emphasis on economic efficiency. One of her articles, published in 1980 in the ''[[Notre Dame Law Review]]'', argued that [[public utility|public utilities]] were over-regulated and that automatic utility rate increases should be instituted.<ref name=politico /> But Warren soon became a proponent of on-the-ground research into how people respond to laws. Her work analyzing court records and interviewing judges, lawyers, and debtors, established her as a rising star in the field of bankruptcy law.<ref name=Neyfakh>{{cite news |last1=Neyfakh |first1=Leon |title=Elizabeth Warren's unorthodox career |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/ideas/2011/10/22/elizabeth-warren-unorthodox-career/3AFEDVW9B40rgbF1bhBXoM/story.html |newspaper=[[The Boston Globe]] |access-date=February 22, 2015 |date=October 22, 2011 |archive-date=February 22, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150222030246/http://www.bostonglobe.com/ideas/2011/10/22/elizabeth-warren-unorthodox-career/3AFEDVW9B40rgbF1bhBXoM/story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> According to Warren and economists who follow her work, one of her key insights was that rising bankruptcy rates were caused not by profligate [[consumer spending]] but by middle-class families' attempts to buy homes in good school districts.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/07/opinion/elizabeth-warren-policy.html |title=Elizabeth Warren and Her Party of Ideas: She's what a serious policy intellectual looks like in 2019 |first=Paul |last=Krugman |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 7, 2019 |access-date=January 7, 2019 |archive-date=January 8, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190108003615/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/07/opinion/elizabeth-warren-policy.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Warren worked in this field alongside colleagues [[Teresa A. Sullivan]] and Jay Westbrook, and the trio published their research in the book ''As We Forgive Our Debtors'' in 1989. Warren later recalled that she had begun her research believing that most people filing for bankruptcy were either working the system or had been irresponsible in incurring debts, but that she concluded that such abuse was in fact rare and that the legal framework for bankruptcy was poorly designed, describing the way the research challenged her fundamental beliefs as "worse than disillusionment" and "like being shocked at a deep-down level".<ref name=politico /> In 2004, she published an article in the ''[[Washington University Law Review]]'' in which she argued that correlating middle-class struggles with over-consumption was a fallacy.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Warren|first=Elizabeth|date=January 1, 2004|title=The Over-Consumption Myth and Other Tales of Economics, Law, and Morality|url=https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/law_lawreview/vol82/iss4/8|journal=Washington University Law Review|volume=82|issue=4|pages=1485–1511|issn=2166-7993|access-date=August 23, 2019|archive-date=July 10, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710154011/https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/law_lawreview/vol82/iss4/8/|url-status=live}}</ref> Warren joined the [[University of Pennsylvania Law School]] as a full professor in 1987 and obtained an [[endowed chair]] in 1990, becoming the [[William A. Schnader]] Professor of Commercial Law. In 1992, she taught for a year at [[Harvard Law School]] as the [[Robert Braucher]] Visiting Professor of Commercial Law. In 1995, Warren left Penn to become [[Leo Gottlieb (lawyer)|Leo Gottlieb]] Professor of Law at Harvard Law School. In 1996, she became the highest-paid professor at Harvard University who was not an administrator, with a $181,300 salary and total compensation of $291,876, including moving expenses and an allowance in lieu of benefits contributions.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hickey |first1=Adam |title=Harvard's Top Five Salaries Total More Than $1.5M |url=https://www.thecrimson.com/article/1997/9/19/harvards-top-five-salaries-total-more/ |access-date=October 9, 2019 |publisher=The Harvard Crimson |date=September 19, 1997 |archive-date=October 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191007003751/https://www.thecrimson.com/article/1997/9/19/harvards-top-five-salaries-total-more/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=WarrenCV2008/> {{as of|2011}}, she was Harvard's only tenured law professor who had attended law school at an American public university.<ref name=Neyfakh/> Warren was a highly influential law professor. She published in many fields, but her expertise was in bankruptcy and [[commercial law]]. From 2005 to 2009, Warren was among the three most-cited scholars in those fields.<ref>{{cite web |first=Brian |last=Leiter |date=May 1, 2012 |url=https://leiterlawschool.typepad.com/leiter/2012/05/right-wing-crazy-obsession-du-jour-elizabeth-warren-claimed-to-be-native-american.html |title=Right-Wing Crazy Obsession Du Jour: Elizabeth Warren Claimed to be Native American |author-link=Brian Leiter |access-date=September 21, 2019 |archive-date=August 10, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810225756/https://leiterlawschool.typepad.com/leiter/2012/05/right-wing-crazy-obsession-du-jour-elizabeth-warren-claimed-to-be-native-american.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.leiterrankings.com/new/2010_scholarlyimpact.shtml|title=Top 25 Law Faculties In Scholarly Impact, 2005–2009|last=Leiter|first=Brian R.|author-link=Brian Leiter|access-date=December 29, 2018|archive-date=August 18, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818143837/http://www.leiterrankings.com/new/2010_scholarlyimpact.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> Warren began to rise in prominence in 2004 with an appearance on the Dr. Phil show, and published several books including ''[[The Two-Income Trap]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.drphil.com/slideshows/going-for-broke-financial-advice/ |title=Going for Broke: Financial Advice |access-date=August 15, 2020 |archive-date=June 30, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630163930/https://www.drphil.com/slideshows/going-for-broke-financial-advice/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kruse |first=Michael |date=November 30, 2018 |title=The Making of Elizabeth Warren |url=https://politi.co/2rdMZXR |access-date=November 30, 2023 |website=Politico Magazine |language=en}}</ref> ===Advisory roles=== In 1995, the National Bankruptcy Review Commission's chair, former congressman [[Mike Synar]], asked Warren to advise the commission. Synar had been a debate opponent of Warren's during their school years.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/nbrc/facts.html |title=National Bankruptcy Review Commission Fact Sheet |date=August 12, 1997 |access-date=January 1, 2019 |website=National Bankruptcy Review Commission (official website) |archive-date=December 7, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181207162425/http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/nbrc/facts.html |url-status=live }}</ref> She helped draft the commission's report and worked for several years to oppose legislation intended to severely restrict consumers' right to file for bankruptcy. Warren and others opposing the legislation were not successful; in 2005, Congress passed the [[Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005]], which curtailed consumers' ability to file for bankruptcy.<ref name="vanity" /><ref>{{cite web |last=Sahadi |first=Jeanne |url=https://money.cnn.com/2005/10/17/pf/debt/bankruptcy_law/index.htm |title=The new bankruptcy law and you |work=CNNMoney |date=October 17, 2005 |access-date=April 12, 2007 |archive-date=May 5, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070505202532/http://money.cnn.com/2005/10/17/pf/debt/bankruptcy_law/index.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> From 2006 to 2010, Warren was a member of the [[Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation|FDIC]] (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation) Advisory Committee on Economic Inclusion.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fdic.gov/about/comein/ |title=Advisory Committee on Economic Inclusion (ComE-IN) |website=[[Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation|FDIC]] |access-date=September 21, 2019 |archive-date=September 21, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190921114330/https://www.fdic.gov/about/comein/ |url-status=live }}. * Resignation announced in {{cite web |url=https://www.fdic.gov/about/comein/2010NovMins.pdf |title=Meeting Minutes: November 16, 2010 |website=FDIC Advisory Committee on Economic Inclusion |access-date=September 21, 2019 |archive-date=April 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417083138/https://www.fdic.gov/about/comein/2010novmins.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> She is a member of the National Bankruptcy Conference, an independent organization that advises the U.S. Congress on bankruptcy law,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nationalbankruptcyconference.org/committees.cfm |title=Committees |website=National Bankruptcy Conference |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120502180922/http://www.nationalbankruptcyconference.org/committees.cfm |archive-date=May 2, 2012 }} * {{cite web |url=http://www.nationalbankruptcyconference.org/mission.cfm |title=Mission |website=National Bankruptcy Conference |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111209020523/http://www.nationalbankruptcyconference.org/mission.cfm |archive-date=December 9, 2011 }}</ref> a former vice president of the [[American Law Institute]] and a member of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]].<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2010/09/17/president-obama-names-elizabeth-warren-assistant-president-and-special-a |title=President Obama Names Elizabeth Warren Assistant to the President and Special Advisor to the Secretary of the Treasury on the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau |access-date=October 12, 2014 |date=September 17, 2010 |archive-date=February 16, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216171316/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2010/09/17/president-obama-names-elizabeth-warren-assistant-president-and-special-a |url-status=live }}</ref> Warren's scholarship and public advocacy were the impetus for establishing the [[Consumer Financial Protection Bureau]] in 2011.<ref>{{cite web |first=Pooja |last=Nair |title=Insights from Professor Warren: Analyzing Elizabeth Warren's Academic Career |url=http://www.bna.com/insights-from-professor-warren-analyzing-elizabeth-warrens-academic-career/ |website=Bloomberg Law |access-date=February 24, 2015 |date=March 15, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224085939/http://www.bna.com/insights-from-professor-warren-analyzing-elizabeth-warrens-academic-career/ |archive-date=February 24, 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Van Loo|first=Rory|date=April 1, 2015|title=Helping Buyers Beware: The Need for Supervision of Big Retail|url=https://scholarship.law.bu.edu/faculty_scholarship/29|journal=University of Pennsylvania Law Review|volume=163|issue=5|pages=1311|access-date=October 18, 2020|archive-date=May 29, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200529182114/https://scholarship.law.bu.edu/faculty_scholarship/29/|url-status=live}}</ref>'''{{rp|1315}}''' ===TARP oversight=== [[File:Nomination of Richard Cordray.jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.2|Warren stands next to President Barack Obama as he announces [[Richard Cordray]]'s nomination as the first director of the [[Consumer Financial Protection Bureau|CFPB]], July 2011.]] On November 14, 2008, [[U.S. Senate Majority Leader|U.S. Senate majority leader]] [[Harry Reid]] appointed Warren to chair the five-member [[Congressional Oversight Panel]] created to oversee the implementation of the [[Emergency Economic Stabilization Act]].<ref>{{cite episode |title=What Does $700 Billion Buy Taxpayers? |series=Fresh Air from WHYY |series-link=Fresh Air |credits=Host: [[Terry Gross]] |network=[[National Public Radio]] |airdate=December 11, 2008 |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=98123372 |access-date=December 12, 2008 |archive-date=December 12, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081212143657/http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=98123372 |url-status=live }}</ref> The panel released monthly oversight reports evaluating the government bailout and related programs.<ref>{{cite news |first=Jodi |last=Kantor|author-link=Jodi Kantor|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/25/business/25warren.html |title=Behind Consumer Agency Idea, a Tireless Advocate |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=March 25, 2010 |access-date=September 21, 2019 |archive-date=August 26, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190826155358/https://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/25/business/25warren.html |url-status=live }}</ref> During Warren's tenure, these reports covered foreclosure mitigation, consumer and small business lending, commercial real estate, [[AIG]], bank stress tests, the impact of the [[Troubled Asset Relief Program]] (TARP) on the financial markets, government guarantees, the automotive industry and other topics.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CHRG-111shrg63515/html/CHRG-111shrg63515.htm|title=TARP and Other Government Assistance for AIG|date=May 26, 2010|publisher=U.S. Government Publishing Office|access-date=October 3, 2019|archive-date=January 29, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129203502/https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CHRG-111shrg63515/html/CHRG-111shrg63515.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2009/06/09/repeat-bank-stress-tests-right-now-tarp-panel-chair.html|work=CNBC|title=Repeat Bank Stress Tests 'Right Now': TARP Panel Chair|date=June 9, 2009|access-date=October 3, 2019|archive-date=October 1, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191001114525/https://www.cnbc.com/id/31183773|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=100597533|work=NPR|title=Expert: Few Clues On How Banks Used TARP Funds|date=February 11, 2009|access-date=October 3, 2019|archive-date=February 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200207184512/https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=100597533|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Consumer Financial Protection Bureau=== [[File:Elizabeth Warren CFPB.jpg|upright|thumb|Warren discussing the work of the [[Consumer Financial Protection Bureau]] at the [[Independent Community Bankers of America|ICBA]] conference in 2011]] Warren was an early advocate for creating a new [[Consumer Financial Protection Bureau]] (CFPB). The bureau was established by the [[Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act]], signed into law by President Obama in July 2010. In September 2010, Obama named Warren [[Assistant to the President]] and Special Advisor to the Secretary of the Treasury on the CFPB to set up the new agency.<ref>{{cite web|title=President Obama Names Elizabeth Warren Assistant to the President and Special Advisor to the Secretary of the Treasury on the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau|url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2010/09/17/president-obama-names-elizabeth-warren-assistant-president-and-special-a|website=The White House official website|access-date=December 17, 2014|date=September 17, 2010|archive-date=February 16, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216171316/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2010/09/17/president-obama-names-elizabeth-warren-assistant-president-and-special-a|url-status=live}}</ref> While [[liberalism in the United States|liberal]] groups and [[consumer advocacy]] groups urged Obama to formally nominate Warren as the agency's director, financial institutions and [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] members of Congress strongly opposed her, believing she would be an overly zealous regulator.<ref name="vanity"/><ref>{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |first=Edward |last=Wyatt |date=July 4, 2011 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/05/business/economy/05warren.html |title=An Agency Builder, but Not Yet Its Leader |access-date=September 22, 2012 |archive-date=June 20, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120620182649/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/05/business/economy/05warren.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 8, 2011 |title=Lousy Filibusters: Richard Cordray Edition |first=Andres |last=Rosenthal |url=https://takingnote.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/12/08/lousy-filibusters-richard-cordray-edition |access-date=September 21, 2019 |archive-date=September 21, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190921113953/https://takingnote.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/12/08/lousy-filibusters-richard-cordray-edition |url-status=live }}</ref> Reportedly convinced that Warren could not win Senate confirmation as the bureau's first director,<ref name=Feared/> in January 2012, Obama appointed former [[Ohio Attorney General|Ohio attorney general]] [[Richard Cordray]] to the post in a [[recess appointment]] over Republican senators' objections.<ref>{{cite news |last=Cooper |first=Helene |url=https://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/01/04/defying-republicans-obama-to-name-cordray-as-consumer-agency-chief/ |title=Defying Republicans, Obama to Name Cordray as Consumer Agency Chief |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 4, 2012 |access-date=June 9, 2012 |archive-date=May 24, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120524115959/http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/01/04/defying-republicans-obama-to-name-cordray-as-consumer-agency-chief/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/05/us/politics/cordrays-appointment-clears-way-for-consumer-financial-agency.html |title=Appointment Clears the Way for Consumer Agency to Act |first=Edward |last=Wyatt |date=January 4, 2012 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=September 21, 2019 |archive-date=September 21, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190921113952/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/05/us/politics/cordrays-appointment-clears-way-for-consumer-financial-agency.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Political affiliation=== A close high-school friend told ''[[Politico]]'' in 2019 that in high school Warren was a "diehard conservative" and that she had since done a "180-degree turn and an about-face".<ref name=politico/> One of her colleagues at the University of Texas in Austin said that at university in the early 1980s Warren was "sometimes surprisingly anti-consumer in her attitude".<ref name=politico/> [[Gary L. Francione]], who had been a colleague of hers at the [[University of Pennsylvania]], recalled in 2019 that when he heard her speak at the time she was becoming politically prominent, he "almost fell off [his] chair... She's definitely changed".<ref name=politico>{{cite web |url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2019/04/12/elizabeth-warren-profile-young-republican-2020-president-226613 |title=Liz Was a Diehard Conservative |last=Thompson |first=Alex |date=April 12, 2019 |website=[[Politico]] |access-date=May 19, 2019 |archive-date=May 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190520223934/https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2019/04/12/elizabeth-warren-profile-young-republican-2020-president-226613 |url-status=live }}</ref> Warren was registered as a [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] from 1991 to 1996<ref name=GlobeSteep/> and voted Republican for many years. "I was a Republican because I thought that those were the people who best supported markets", she has said.<ref name=Unwinding/> But she has also said that in the six presidential elections before 1996 she voted for the Republican nominee only once, in [[1976 United States presidential election|1976]], for [[Gerald Ford]].<ref name=politico /> Warren has said that she began to vote Democratic in 1995 because she no longer believed that the Republicans were the party who best supported markets, but she has said she has voted for both parties because she believed neither should dominate.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2011/10/24/elizabeth-warren-i-created-occupy-wall-street|title=Elizabeth Warren: 'I Created Occupy Wall Street'|last=Jacobs|first=Samuel P.|date=October 24, 2011|work=The Daily Beast|access-date=September 29, 2018|archive-date=September 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915161831/https://www.thedailybeast.com/elizabeth-warren-i-created-occupy-wall-street|url-status=live}}</ref> According to Warren, she left the Republican Party because it is no longer "principled in its conservative approach to economics and to markets" and is instead tilting the playing field in favor of large financial institutions and against middle-class American families.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://thinkprogress.org/why-elizabeth-warren-left-the-gop-e78680711424/ |title=Why Elizabeth Warren Left The GOP |date=April 27, 2014 |work=[[ThinkProgress]] |first=Jeff |last=Spross |access-date=January 1, 2019 |archive-date=February 14, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214204634/https://thinkprogress.org/why-elizabeth-warren-left-the-gop-e78680711424/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2018/11/30/elizabeth-warren-dr-phil-222725|date=November 30, 2018|title=The Making of Elizabeth Warren|last=Kruse|first=Michael|website=[[Politico]]|language=en|access-date=January 1, 2019|archive-date=December 31, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181231133857/https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2018/11/30/elizabeth-warren-dr-phil-222725|url-status=live}}</ref> ==U.S. Senate (2013–present)== {{see also|Electoral history of Elizabeth Warren}} [[File:2012 United States Senate election in Massachusetts results map by municipality.svg|thumb|right|2012 Senate election results by municipality]] [[File:Elizabeth Warren for Senate logo02.jpg|thumb|Senate campaign logo]] ===Elections=== ====2012==== {{Main|2012 United States Senate election in Massachusetts}} On September 14, 2011, Warren declared her intention to run for the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] nomination for the [[2012 United States Senate election in Massachusetts|2012 election in Massachusetts]] for the [[U.S. Senate]]. Republican [[Scott Brown (politician)|Scott Brown]] had won the seat in a [[2010 United States Senate special election in Massachusetts|2010 special election]] after [[Ted Kennedy]]'s death.<ref>{{cite news |first=Maya Jackson |last=Randall |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424053111904060604576570492151601966 |title=Warren Kicks Off Senate Campaign |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=September 14, 2011 |access-date=September 22, 2019 |archive-date=August 13, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190813112542/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424053111904060604576570492151601966 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/elizabeth-warren-announces-massachusetts-senate-run-against-republican-scott-brown/2011/09/14/gIQAz0IzSK_story.html |access-date=September 22, 2019 |title=Consumer advocate Elizabeth Warren launches US Senate campaign with tour of Massachusetts |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |last1=Helderman |first1=Rosalind S. |last2=Weiner |first2=Rachel |date=September 14, 2011 |archive-date=August 13, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190813112542/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/elizabeth-warren-announces-massachusetts-senate-run-against-republican-scott-brown/2011/09/14/gIQAz0IzSK_story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> A week later, a video of Warren speaking in [[Andover, Massachusetts|Andover]] went [[viral video|viral]] on the Internet.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/plum-line/post/class-warfare-elizabeth-warren-style/2011/03/03/gIQAeB2WlK_blog.html |title=Class warfare, Elizabeth Warren style |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 21, 2011 |first=Greg |last=Sargent |access-date=September 22, 2019 |archive-date=August 13, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190813112540/https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/plum-line/post/class-warfare-elizabeth-warren-style/2011/03/03/gIQAeB2WlK_blog.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In it, Warren responds to the charge that asking the rich to pay more taxes is "class warfare" by saying that no one grew rich in the U.S. without depending on infrastructure paid for by the rest of society:<ref>{{cite news |url=https://washingtonmonthly.com/2011/09/21/the-underlying-social-contract/ |title=The underlying social contract |first=Steve |last=Benen |author-link=Steve Benen |work=Washington Monthly |date=September 21, 2011 |access-date=September 22, 2019 |archive-date=September 21, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190921212128/https://washingtonmonthly.com/2011/09/21/the-underlying-social-contract/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Smerconish |first=Michael |author-link=Michael Smerconish |title=The context behind Obama's 'you didn't build that' |url=http://articles.philly.com/2012-07-30/news/32924415_1_elizabeth-warren-american-crossroads-president-obama |access-date=August 23, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230234025/http://articles.philly.com/2012-07-30/news/32924415_1_elizabeth-warren-american-crossroads-president-obama |archive-date=December 30, 2013 |newspaper=Philadelphia Inquirer |date=July 30, 2012}}</ref> {{blockquote|There is nobody in this country who got rich on his own. Nobody. ... You moved your goods to market on the roads the rest of us paid for; you hired workers the rest of us paid to educate; you were safe in your factory because of police forces and fire forces that the rest of us paid for. You didn't have to worry that marauding bands would come and seize everything at your factory, and hire someone to protect against this, because of the work the rest of us did. Now look, you built a factory and it turned into something terrific, or a great idea. God bless. Keep a big hunk of it. But part of the underlying social contract is, you take a hunk of that and pay forward for the next kid who comes along.}} President Obama later [[You didn't build that|echoed her sentiments]] in a [[Barack Obama 2012 presidential campaign|2012 election campaign speech]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/fact-checker/post/an-unoriginal-obama-quote-taken-out-of-context/2012/07/20/gJQAdG7hyW_blog.html |title=An unoriginal Obama quote, taken out of context |date=July 23, 2012 |newspaper=The Fact Checker blog at [[The Washington Post]] |last=Kessler |first=Glenn |access-date=January 19, 2014 |archive-date=November 8, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131108195147/http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/fact-checker/post/an-unoriginal-obama-quote-taken-out-of-context/2012/07/20/gJQAdG7hyW_blog.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Elizabeth Warren Nov 2 2012.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Warren at a campaign event, November 2012]] Warren ran unopposed for the Democratic nomination and won it on June 2, 2012, at the state Democratic convention with a record 95.77% of the votes of delegates.<ref>{{cite news|last=Rizzuto|first=Robert|title=Elizabeth Warren lands party endorsement with record 95 percent support at Massachusetts Democratic Convention|url=https://www.masslive.com/politics/2012/06/elizabeth_warren_lands_party_e.html|access-date=June 2, 2012|newspaper=The Republican|date=June 2, 2012|archive-date=August 10, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810235008/https://www.masslive.com/politics/2012/06/elizabeth_warren_lands_party_e.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.boston.com/uncategorized/noprimarytagmatch/2012/05/30/deval-patrick-endorses-elizabeth-warren-for-us-senate |title=Deval Patrick endorses Elizabeth Warren for US Senate |date=May 30, 2012 |first=Noah |last=Bierman |work=[[The Boston Globe]] |access-date=September 21, 2019 |archive-date=September 21, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190921213820/https://www.boston.com/uncategorized/noprimarytagmatch/2012/05/30/deval-patrick-endorses-elizabeth-warren-for-us-senate |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.boston.com/uncategorized/noprimarytagmatch/2012/06/05/warren-agrees-to-tv-debate-with-brown |first=Michael |last=Levenson |title=Elizabeth Warren agrees to WBZ-TV debate with Scott Brown |work=[[The Boston Globe]] |date=June 5, 2012 |access-date=June 9, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120607235402/http://www.boston.com/politicalintelligence/2012/06/05/elizabeth-warren-agrees-wbz-debate-with-scott-brown/SfYEMzlhAPUSz4rhrC4ZoN/story.html |archive-date=June 7, 2012 }}</ref> She encountered significant opposition from business interests. In August, the political director for the [[U.S. Chamber of Commerce]] commented that "no other candidate in 2012 represents a greater threat to free enterprise than Professor Warren".<ref>{{cite web |first=Noah |last=Bierman |url=https://www.boston.com/politicalintelligence/2012/08/15/chamber-calls-elizabeth-warren-country-greatest-threat-free-enterprise/C4xrPRfTegjrNS9Tw4WkZM/story.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190813115605/https://www.boston.com/uncategorized/noprimarytagmatch/2012/08/15/us-chamber-calls-elizabeth-warren-threat-to-free-enterprise |archive-date=August 13, 2019 |title=US Chamber calls Elizabeth Warren threat to free enterprise |newspaper=[[The Boston Globe]] |date=August 15, 2012 |access-date=September 22, 2019 }}</ref> Warren nonetheless raised $39 million for her campaign, more than any other Senate candidate in 2012, and showed, according to ''[[The New York Times]]'', "that it was possible to run against the big banks without Wall Street money and still win".<ref name=Feared>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/11/us/politics/elizabeth-warren-known-and-maybe-feared-on-national-stage.html |title=A New Senator, Known Nationally and Sometimes Feared |first=Katharine Q. |last=Seelye |orig-date=November 10, 2012|page=A33 | date=November 11, 2012 | format=News analysis |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=September 21, 2019 |archive-date=October 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191003174042/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/11/us/politics/elizabeth-warren-known-and-maybe-feared-on-national-stage.html |id= {{ Gale|A308014621}} | issn=0362-4331 |eissn=1553-8095 |oclc=1645522|url-status=live }}</ref> Warren received a prime-time speaking slot at the [[2012 Democratic National Convention]] on September 5, 2012. She positioned herself as a champion of a beleaguered middle class that "has been chipped, squeezed, and hammered". According to Warren, "People feel like the system is rigged against them. And here's the painful part: They're right. The system is rigged." Warren said Wall Street CEOs "wrecked our economy and destroyed millions of jobs" and that they "still strut around congress, no shame, demanding favors, and acting like we should thank them".<ref>{{cite news |first1=Gregory J. |last1=Krieg |first2=Elizabeth |last2=Hartfield |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/elizabeth-warren-democratic-national-convention-system-rigged/story?id=17150134 |date=September 5, 2012 |title=Elizabeth Warren: 'The System Is Rigged' |website=ABC News |access-date=October 12, 2014 |archive-date=November 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109005308/http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/elizabeth-warren-democratic-national-convention-system-rigged/story?id=17150134 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130323230824/http://go.bloomberg.com/political-capital/2012-09-05/elizabeth-warren-wall-street-ceos-still-strut-around-congress/ |date=September 5, 2012 |archive-date=March 23, 2013 |url=http://go.bloomberg.com/political-capital/2012-09-05/elizabeth-warren-wall-street-ceos-still-strut-around-congress/|title=Elizabeth Warren: 'Wall Street CEOs' Still 'Strut Around Congress'|work=Political Capital |publisher=Bloomberg |first=Mark |last=Silva |access-date=October 12, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Kirchgaessner|first=Stephanie|title=Warren attacks CEOs who 'wrecked economy'|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/5718c926-f7d4-11e1-ba54-00144feabdc0.html|work=Financial Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120908033052/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/5718c926-f7d4-11e1-ba54-00144feabdc0.html|archive-date=September 8, 2012|date=September 6, 2012 |access-date=September 22, 2019}}</ref> ====2018==== {{Main|2018 United States Senate election in Massachusetts}} On January 6, 2017, in an email to supporters, Warren announced that she would be running for a second term as a U.S. senator from Massachusetts, writing, "The people of Massachusetts didn't send me to Washington to roll over and play dead while Donald Trump and his team of billionaires, bigots, and Wall Street bankers crush the working people of our Commonwealth and this country. ... This is no time to quit."<ref>{{cite news |last1=McGrane |first1=Victoria |last2=Viser |first2=Matt |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/politics/2017/01/06/elizabeth-warren-announces-she-running-for-election-massachusetts/e7916Kf6ncAFajK7JD7SMO/story.html |title=Warren announces she's running for re-election |work=[[The Boston Globe]] |date=January 6, 2017 |access-date=January 6, 2017 |archive-date=January 7, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170107100813/http://www.bostonglobe.com/news/politics/2017/01/06/elizabeth-warren-announces-she-running-for-election-massachusetts/e7916Kf6ncAFajK7JD7SMO/story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In the 2018 election, Warren defeated Republican nominee [[Geoff Diehl]], 60% to 36%. ====2024==== {{Main|2024 United States Senate election in Massachusetts}} Warren won a third Senate term,<ref>{{cite web |last1=LeBlanc |first1=Steve |title=Elizabeth Warren running for 3rd US Senate term in 2024 |url=https://apnews.com/article/elizabeth-warren-senate-reelection-campaign-2024-b686e64a20990a2e3fcf8cb69f4b7559 |website=Associated Press |date=March 27, 2023 |access-date=27 March 2023}}</ref> defeating Republican nominee John Deaton, an attorney,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Keller |first1=Jon |title=Who is John Deaton, the man running against Elizabeth Warren in Massachusetts? |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/boston/news/john-deaton-elizabeth-warren-massachusetts-election/ |website=WBC News |date=February 20, 2024 |access-date=20 February 2024}}</ref> 59.6% to 40.4%. This election marked the first time that Warren had lost [[Bristol County, Massachusetts|Bristol County]] while running for the office. Warren underperformed [[Kamala Harris]], who won the state by 25 points in the concurrent [[2024 United States presidential election in Massachusetts|presidential election]], as well as every county. ===Tenure=== On November 6, 2012, Warren defeated Brown with 53.7% of the vote. She is the first woman ever elected to the U.S. Senate from Massachusetts,<ref name=Globe.Defeats/> as part of [[List of current United States Senators|a sitting U.S. Senate]] that had 20 women senators in office, which was the most in Senate history at the time, following [[2012 United States Senate elections|the November 2012 elections]]. In December 2012, Warren was assigned a seat on the [[United States Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs|Senate Banking Committee]], which oversees the implementation of Dodd–Frank and other regulation of the banking industry.<ref>{{cite news|last=Montopoli|first=Brian|title=Elizabeth Warren assigned to Senate banking committee|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/elizabeth-warren-assigned-to-senate-banking-committee/|website=CBS News|date=December 12, 2012|access-date=September 21, 2019|archive-date=September 21, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190921212641/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/elizabeth-warren-assigned-to-senate-banking-committee/|url-status=live}}</ref> Vice President [[Joe Biden]] swore Warren in on January 3, 2013.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.wbur.org/news/2013/01/04/warren-first-women-senator |title=Elizabeth Warren Sworn In As First Female Senator From Mass. |last=Thys |first=Fred |date=January 4, 2013 |work=[[WBUR]] |access-date=May 18, 2013 |archive-date=July 24, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180724093456/http://www.wbur.org/news/2013/01/04/warren-first-women-senator |url-status=live }}</ref> At Warren's first Banking Committee hearing in February 2013, she pressed several banking regulators to say when they had last taken a Wall Street bank to trial and said, "I'm really concerned that 'too big to fail' has become 'too big for trial'." Videos of Warren's questioning amassed more than one million views in a matter of days.<ref>{{cite news|title=Senator Warren's rebuke of regulators goes viral|author=Lynch, S. N.|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/sec-petition-warren-idUSL1N0BJ9CD20130219|work=Reuters|date=February 19, 2013|access-date=March 10, 2013|archive-date=August 10, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130810150810/http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/02/19/sec-petition-warren-idUSL1N0BJ9CD20130219|url-status=live}}</ref> At a March Banking Committee hearing, Warren asked [[United States Department of the Treasury|Treasury Department]] officials why criminal charges were not brought against [[HSBC]] for [[HSBC#Money laundering|its money laundering practices]]. Warren compared money laundering to drug possession, saying: "If you're caught with an ounce of cocaine, the chances are good you're going to go to jail ... But evidently, if you launder nearly a billion dollars for drug cartels and violate our international sanctions, your company pays a fine and you go home and sleep in your own bed at night."<ref>{{Cite news|last=Riley|first=David|date=March 11, 2013|title=Sen. Warren Lets Loose|language=en-US|work=[[Wall Street Journal]]|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/overheard/2013/03/07/sen-warren-lets-loose/|access-date=May 2, 2021|issn=0099-9660|archive-date=May 13, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513185144/https://www.wsj.com/articles/BL-OVERB-951|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Lewis|first=Paul|date=February 10, 2015|title=US prosecutors weigh criminal charges against HSBC as Elizabeth Warren turns up the heat|url=http://www.theguardian.com/news/2015/feb/10/hsbc-us-prosecutors-criminal-charges-elizabeth-warren|url-status=live|access-date=May 2, 2021|website=[[The Guardian]]|language=en|archive-date=May 13, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513185143/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2015/feb/10/hsbc-us-prosecutors-criminal-charges-elizabeth-warren}}</ref> In May 2013, Warren sent letters to the [[United States Department of Justice|Justice Department]], the [[Securities and Exchange Commission]], and the [[Federal Reserve]] questioning their decisions that settling would be more fruitful than going to court.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.motherjones.com/mojo/2013/05/elizabeth-warren-obama-put-bad-banks-trial|title=Elizabeth Warren to Obama Administration: Take the Banks to Court, Already!|first=Erika|last=Eichelberger|date=May 14, 2013|access-date=May 18, 2013|work=[[Mother Jones (magazine)|Mother Jones]]|archive-date=May 18, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518172228/http://www.motherjones.com/mojo/2013/05/elizabeth-warren-obama-put-bad-banks-trial|url-status=live}}</ref> Also in May, saying that students should get "the same great deal that banks get", Warren introduced the Bank on Student Loans Fairness Act, which would allow students to take out government education loans at the same rate that banks pay to borrow from the federal government, 0.75%.<ref>{{cite news|title=Elizabeth Warren: Students Should Get the Same Rate as the Bankers|last=Webley|first=Kayla|url=https://business.time.com/2013/05/10/elizabeth-warren-students-should-get-the-same-rate-as-the-bankers/|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|date=May 10, 2013|access-date=May 11, 2013|archive-date=May 12, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512005240/http://business.time.com/2013/05/10/elizabeth-warren-students-should-get-the-same-rate-as-the-bankers/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Independent (politician)|Independent]] senator [[Bernie Sanders]] endorsed her bill, saying: "The only thing wrong with this bill is that [she] thought of it and I didn't".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sanders.senate.gov/newsroom/recent-business/student-loans |title=Student Loans |first=Bernie |last=Sanders |author-link=Bernie Sanders |publisher=[[United States Senate]] |date=May 17, 2013 |access-date=May 18, 2013 |archive-date=November 20, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131120093535/http://www.sanders.senate.gov/newsroom/recent-business/student-loans |url-status=live }}</ref> By the following year, Warren's attempts to pass any student loan reform were blocked.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2014/06/11/elizabeth-warrens-bill-to-refinance-student-loans-dies-in-senate-now-what/|title=Elizabeth Warren's bill to refinance student loans dies in the Senate. Now What?|newspaper=Washington Post|date=June 11, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2014/06/student-loan-bill-stall-elzabeth-warren-107722|title=Warren student loan bill stalls|website=Politico|date=June 11, 2014}}</ref> During the 2014 election cycle, Warren was a top Democratic fundraiser. After the election, Warren was appointed to become the first-ever Strategic Adviser of the Democratic Policy and Communications Committee, a position created for her. The appointment added to speculation that Warren would run for president in 2016.<ref>{{cite web |last=Drum |first=Kevin |date=November 13, 2014 |url=https://www.motherjones.com/kevin-drum/2014/11/elizabeth-warren-gets-promotion-or-does-she |title=Elizabeth Warren Gets a Promotion – Or Does She? |work=Mother Jones |access-date=December 4, 2014 |archive-date=December 2, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141202090307/http://www.motherjones.com/kevin-drum/2014/11/elizabeth-warren-gets-promotion-or-does-she |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Terkel |first1=Amanda |last2=Grim |first2=Ryan |date=November 13, 2014 |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/elizabeth-warren-senate_n_6149454 |title=Elizabeth Warren Gets Senate Democratic Leadership Spot |work=The Huffington Post |access-date=December 4, 2014 |archive-date=April 2, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402032304/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/elizabeth-warren-senate_n_6149454 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=S.A. |last=Miller |date=November 13, 2014 |url=https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/nov/13/elizabeth-warren-joins-senate-democrats-leadership/ |title=New chief: Senate Democrats Anoint Elizabeth Warren to Leadership Post |work=The Washington Times |access-date=December 4, 2014 |archive-date=December 3, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141203120019/http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/nov/13/elizabeth-warren-joins-senate-democrats-leadership/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Berman |first=Russell |date=November 13, 2014 |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/11/elevating-elizabeth-warren/382739/ |title=Elevating Elizabeth Warren |work=The Atlantic |access-date=December 4, 2014 |archive-date=December 7, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141207125101/http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/11/elevating-elizabeth-warren/382739/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Elizabeth Warren- A minimum wage job saved my family.webm|thumb|Warren's "A minimum-wage job saved my family" speech at the [[Economic Policy Institute]], November 2015 (3:28)]] In early 2015, President Obama urged Congress to approve the [[Trans-Pacific Partnership]], a proposed [[free trade]] agreement between the United States and 11 Asian and South American countries.<ref>{{cite news|title=What Will the TPP Mean for China?|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2015/10/07/china-tpp-trans-pacific-partnership-obama-us-trade-xi/|first1=Barry|last1=Naughton|first2=Arthur R.|last2=Kroeber|first3=Guy|last3=de Jonquières|first4=Graham|last4=Webster| access-date=May 30, 2020|website=[[Foreign Policy]]|date=October 7, 2015|archive-date=June 2, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602145246/http://foreignpolicy.com/2015/10/07/china-tpp-trans-pacific-partnership-obama-us-trade-xi/|url-status=live}}</ref> Warren criticized the TPP, arguing that the dispute resolution mechanism in the agreement and labor protections for American workers therein were insufficient; her objections were in turn criticized by Obama.<ref>{{cite news|title=Warren calls on progressives to help fight TPP|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/07/elizabeth-warren-trade-tpp-225214|access-date=May 30, 2020|author=Cassella, Megan|website=[[Politico]]|date=July 7, 2015|archive-date=August 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809021119/https://www.politico.com/story/2016/07/elizabeth-warren-trade-tpp-225214|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Obama says Elizabeth Warren 'absolutely wrong' on trade|author=Bohn, Kevin|url=https://www.cnn.com/2015/05/09/politics/barack-obama-elizabeth-warren-trade/index.html|access-date=May 30, 2020|website=[[CNN]]|date=October 7, 2015|archive-date=July 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200721232251/https://www.cnn.com/2015/05/09/politics/barack-obama-elizabeth-warren-trade/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Saying "despite the progress we've made since 2008, the biggest banks continue to threaten our economy", in July 2015 Warren, [[John McCain]], [[Maria Cantwell]], and [[Angus King]] reintroduced the 21st Century [[Glass–Steagall Act]], a modern version of the Banking Act of 1933. The legislation was intended to reduce the American taxpayer's risk in the financial system and the likelihood of future financial crises.<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.warren.senate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2015/07/07/senators-warren-mccain-cantwell-and-king-introduce-21st-century-glass-steagall-act |title=Senators Warren, McCain, Cantwell and King Introduce 21st Century Glass–Steagall Act |website=Elizabeth Warren, U.S. Senator for Massachusetts |date=July 7, 2015 |access-date=July 27, 2015 |archive-date=September 19, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919034004/https://www.warren.senate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2015/07/07/senators-warren-mccain-cantwell-and-king-introduce-21st-century-glass-steagall-act |url-status=live }}</ref> In a September 20, 2016, hearing, Warren called on [[Wells Fargo]] CEO [[John Stumpf]] to resign, adding that he should be "criminally investigated" over Wells Fargo's [[Wells Fargo account fraud scandal|opening of two million checking and credit-card accounts]] without the customers' consent.<ref>{{cite news|title=Wells Fargo boss urged to resign over accounts scandal|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-37419968|access-date=September 20, 2016|website=[[BBC News]]|date=September 20, 2016|archive-date=September 21, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921015357/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-37419968|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Bryan |first1=Bob |title=Wells Fargo's CEO just got grilled by the Senate |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/wells-fargo-ceo-john-stumpf-senate-baking-committee-hearing-scandal-2016-9 |access-date=September 20, 2016 |work=Business Insider |date=September 20, 2016 |archive-date=September 21, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921193303/http://www.businessinsider.com/wells-fargo-ceo-john-stumpf-senate-baking-committee-hearing-scandal-2016-9 |url-status=live }}</ref> In December 2016, Warren gained a seat on the [[Senate Armed Services Committee]], which ''[[The Boston Globe]]'' called "a high-profile perch on one of the chamber's most powerful committees" that would "fuel speculation about a possible 2020 bid for president".<ref name="The Boston Globe">{{Cite news |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/politics/2016/12/14/warren-gets-spot-armed-services-committee/TR4Xf6TnDn8izaFSlUDJcN/story.html |title=Warren raises foreign policy profile with Armed Services assignment |last=McGrane |first=Victoria |date=December 14, 2016 |access-date=September 21, 2019 |archive-date=April 1, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401042725/https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/politics/2016/12/14/warren-gets-spot-armed-services-committee/TR4Xf6TnDn8izaFSlUDJcN/story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> During the debate on Senator [[Jeff Sessions]]'s nomination for [[United States Attorney General|United States attorney general]] in February 2017, Warren quoted a letter [[Coretta Scott King]] had written Senator [[Strom Thurmond]] in 1986 when Sessions was nominated for a federal judgeship.<ref name=":0" /> King wrote, "Mr. Sessions has used the awesome power of his office to chill the free exercise of the vote by black citizens in the district he now seeks to serve as a federal judge. This simply cannot be allowed to happen."<ref name=":0" /> Senate Republicans voted that by reading the letter from King, Warren had violated [[Standing Rules of the United States Senate, Rule XIX|Senate Rule 19]], which prohibits impugning another senator's character.<ref name=":0">{{cite news|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/02/08/politics/elizabeth-warren-coretta-scott-king-letter-jeff-sessions/index.html|title=The Coretta Scott King Letter Elizabeth Warren was Trying to Read|date=February 8, 2017|website=CNN|access-date=February 10, 2017|archive-date=February 10, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210152206/http://edition.cnn.com/2017/02/08/politics/elizabeth-warren-coretta-scott-king-letter-jeff-sessions/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> This prohibited Warren from further participating in the debate on Sessions's nomination, and Warren instead read King's letter while streaming live online.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/wp/2017/02/07/republicans-vote-to-rebuke-elizabeth-warren-for-impugning-sessionss-character/|title=Republicans vote to rebuke Elizabeth Warren, saying she impugned Sessions's character|first1=Paul|last1=Kane|first2=Ed|last2=O'Keefe|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=February 8, 2017|access-date=February 8, 2017|archive-date=February 8, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170208040942/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/wp/2017/02/07/republicans-vote-to-rebuke-elizabeth-warren-for-impugning-sessionss-character/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite news|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2017/02/elizabeth-warren-sessions-silence-234779|title=Senate votes to shut up Elizabeth Warren|author=Seung Min Kim|work=[[Politico]]|date=February 8, 2017|access-date=February 8, 2017|archive-date=February 8, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170208043632/http://www.politico.com/story/2017/02/elizabeth-warren-sessions-silence-234779|url-status=live}}</ref> In rebuking Warren, Senate Majority Leader [[Mitch McConnell]] said on the Senate floor, "She was warned. She was given an explanation. [[Nevertheless, she persisted]]."<ref name=":1" /> McConnell's language became a slogan for Warren and others.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://time.com/5175901/elizabeth-warren-nevertheless-she-persisted-meaning/|title=Why 'Nevertheless, She Persisted' Is the Theme for This Year's Women's History Month|last=Reilly|first=Katie|date=March 1, 2018|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=January 22, 2019|archive-date=February 13, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213144751/http://time.com/5175901/elizabeth-warren-nevertheless-she-persisted-meaning/|url-status=live}}</ref> On October 3, 2017, during Wells Fargo chief executive [[Timothy J. Sloan]]'s appearance before the Senate Banking Committee, Warren called on him to resign, saying, "At best you were incompetent, at worst you were complicit."<ref>{{cite news |last=Sweet |first=Ken |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/politics/2017/10/03/wells-fargo-ceo-faces-angry-warren-congress/t5FRqFfFrqZaOEbxbRclyN/story.html |title=Wells Fargo CEO faces angry Warren, Congress |work=[[The Boston Globe]] |agency=Associated Press |date=October 3, 2017 |access-date=October 3, 2017 |archive-date=October 3, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171003223128/http://www.bostonglobe.com/news/politics/2017/10/03/wells-fargo-ceo-faces-angry-warren-congress/t5FRqFfFrqZaOEbxbRclyN/story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On July 17, 2019, Warren and Representative [[Al Lawson]] introduced legislation that would make low-income college students eligible for benefits under the [[Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program]] (SNAP) according to the College Student Hunger Act of 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/07/19/warren-introduces-bill-to-expand-snap-for-low-income-college-students.html|title=Elizabeth Warren has introduced a bill that would expand food stamps for low-income college students|last=Hess|first=Abigail|date=July 19, 2019|website=CNBC|language=en|access-date=July 23, 2019|archive-date=July 23, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190723113332/https://www.cnbc.com/2019/07/19/warren-introduces-bill-to-expand-snap-for-low-income-college-students.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In November 2020, Warren was named a candidate for [[Secretary of the Treasury]] in the [[Biden Administration]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Who Are Contenders for Biden's Cabinet? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/11/us/politics/biden-cabinet.html?action=click&module=Top%20Stories&pgtype=Homepage |access-date=November 11, 2020 |work=The New York Times |date=November 11, 2020 |archive-date=November 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201115172328/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/11/us/politics/biden-cabinet.html?action=click&module=Top+Stories&pgtype=Homepage |url-status=live }}</ref> Warren was at the Capitol to participate in the [[2021 United States Electoral College vote count]] when Trump supporters [[January 6 United States Capitol attack|attacked the Capitol]]. She called it an "attempted [[coup]] and act of insurrection egged on by a corrupt president to overthrow our democracy", and the perpetrators "domestic terrorists."<ref name="Levulis">{{cite news |last1=Levulis |first1=Jim |title=Area Members Of Congress React To Capitol Chaos |url=https://www.wamc.org/post/area-members-congress-react-capitol-chaos |access-date=January 11, 2021 |work=www.wamc.org |date=January 6, 2021 |language=en |archive-date=May 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513185200/https://www.wamc.org/post/area-members-congress-react-capitol-chaos |url-status=live }}</ref> The day after the attack, Warren joined the entire Massachusetts Congressional delegation to call for Trump's immediate removal from office through the invocation of the [[Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution]] or impeachment.<ref name="WBUR1721">{{cite news |title=Entire Mass. Congressional Delegation Calls For Trump's Removal After 'Attack On America' At U.S. Capitol |url=https://www.wbur.org/news/2021/01/06/mass-reaction-capitol-trump-supporters |access-date=January 11, 2021 |work=WBUR |date=January 7, 2021 |language=en}}</ref> Warren was rated among the top 10 most popular senators in an April 2024 poll by Morning Consult.<ref>{{cite web |last1=McNamara |first1=Neal |title=Gov. Healey, Sens. Warren, Markey Among Most Popular In U.S.: Poll |url=https://patch.com/massachusetts/across-ma/gov-healey-sens-warren-markey-among-most-popular-u-s-poll |website=Patch |access-date=7 October 2024 |date=22 April 2024}}</ref> ===Role in the 2016 presidential election=== [[File:Elizabeth Warren Manchester NH October 2016.jpg|thumb|Warren stumps for [[Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign|Hillary Clinton]] in [[Manchester, New Hampshire]], October 2016]] In the run-up to the [[2016 United States presidential election]], supporters put Warren forward as a possible presidential candidate, but she repeatedly said she would not run for president in 2016.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Scheiber |first=Noam |url=https://newrepublic.com/article/115509/elizabeth-warren-hillary-clintons-nightmare |title=Elizabeth Warren is Hillary Clinton's Nightmare |magazine=[[The New Republic]] |date=November 10, 2013 |access-date=August 9, 2014 |archive-date=August 8, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808044727/http://www.newrepublic.com/article/115509/elizabeth-warren-hillary-clintons-nightmare |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Blake |first=Aaron |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2014/05/01/why-elizabeth-warren-could-definitely-run-for-president-if-she-wanted-to/ |date=May 1, 2014 |title=Why Elizabeth Warren is perfectly positioned for 2016 (if she wanted to run) |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=August 9, 2014 |archive-date=January 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170112002404/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2014/05/01/why-elizabeth-warren-could-definitely-run-for-president-if-she-wanted-to/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.today.com/news/elizabeth-warren-2016-im-not-going-run-hillary-clinton-deserves-t12086 |title=Elizabeth Warren on 2016: 'I'm not going to run' — and Hillary Clinton deserves 'a chance to decide' |website=[[Today (U.S. TV program)|Today]] |first=Eun Kyung |last=Kim |date=March 31, 2015 |access-date=April 4, 2015 |archive-date=May 29, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150529161524/http://www.today.com/news/elizabeth-warren-2016-im-not-going-run-hillary-clinton-deserves-t12086 |url-status=live }}<br />{{Cite journal|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/Decoder/2014/1215/Is-Elizabeth-Warren-really-truly-not-running-for-president|title=Is Elizabeth Warren really truly not running for president? (+video)|journal=Christian Science Monitor|first=Peter|last=Grier|date=December 15, 2014|access-date=April 19, 2017|archive-date=October 17, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181017001756/https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/Decoder/2014/1215/Is-Elizabeth-Warren-really-truly-not-running-for-president|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/john-cassidy/why-isnt-elizabeth-warren-running-president |first=John |last=Cassidy |author-link=John Cassidy (journalist) |title=Why Isn't Elizabeth Warren Running for President? |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |date=December 15, 2014 |access-date=April 19, 2017 |archive-date=April 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170412171453/http://www.newyorker.com/news/john-cassidy/why-isnt-elizabeth-warren-running-president |url-status=live }}</ref> In October 2013, she joined the other 15 women Democratic senators in signing a letter that encouraged [[Hillary Clinton]] to run.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/188687-report-democratic-women-senators-sign-letter-urging-hillary-clinton-to-run|title=Run, Hillary, run, say Senate's Dem women|newspaper=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]|first=Alexandra|last=Jaffe|date=October 30, 2013|access-date=April 4, 2015|archive-date=April 27, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427122113/https://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/188687-report-democratic-women-senators-sign-letter-urging-hillary-clinton-to-run|url-status=live}}<br />{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2014/04/27/elizabeth-warren-i-hope-hillary-clinton-runs-for-president/ |title=Elizabeth Warren: I hope Hillary Clinton runs for president |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |first=Wesley |last=Lowery |date=April 27, 2014 |access-date=April 4, 2015 |archive-date=April 4, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404001741/http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2014/04/27/elizabeth-warren-i-hope-hillary-clinton-runs-for-president/ |url-status=live }}</ref> There was much speculation about Warren being added to the Democratic ticket as a vice-presidential candidate.<ref>{{cite news |date=April 26, 2016 |first=Sarah |last=Mimms |title=Sanders and Clinton Campaigns Both Name Drop Elizabeth Warren for Veep |access-date=May 26, 2016 |website=[[Vice News]] |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/sanders-and-clinton-campaigns-both-name-drop-elizabeth-warren-for-veep/ |archive-date=April 27, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427112031/https://news.vice.com/article/sanders-and-clinton-campaigns-both-name-drop-elizabeth-warren-for-veep |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=March 4, 2016 |first=Dana |last=Milbank |title=Clinton must make Elizabeth Warren her vice president |access-date=May 26, 2016 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/clinton-must-make-elizabeth-warren-her-vice-president/2016/03/04/b9d45004-e208-11e5-8d98-4b3d9215ade1_story.html |archive-date=May 27, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527141649/https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/clinton-must-make-elizabeth-warren-her-vice-president/2016/03/04/b9d45004-e208-11e5-8d98-4b3d9215ade1_story.html |url-status=live }}<br />{{cite news |date=May 18, 2016 |first=Pat |last=Garofalo |title=The Case Against VP Warren |access-date=May 26, 2016 |website=[[U.S. News & World Report]] |url=https://www.usnews.com/opinion/articles/2016-05-18/elizabeth-warren-should-not-be-hillary-clintons-vice-president |archive-date=May 19, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160519104526/http://www.usnews.com/opinion/articles/2016-05-18/elizabeth-warren-should-not-be-hillary-clintons-vice-president |url-status=live }}</ref> On June 9, 2016, after the [[2016 California Democratic presidential primary|California Democratic primary]], Warren formally endorsed Clinton for president. In response to questions when she endorsed Clinton, Warren said that she believed herself to be ready to be vice president, but she was not being vetted.<ref name="endorsesclinton">{{cite news |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/politics/2016/06/09/elizabeth-warren-endorse-hillary-clinton-msnbc-tonight/QrjxIM24ZY7EbiXDb9mMAN/story.html |title=Elizabeth Warren endorses Clinton |date=June 9, 2016 |work=[[The Boston Globe]] |first1=Annie |last1=Linskey |first2=Victoria |last2=McGrane |access-date=June 10, 2016 |archive-date=June 10, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610145615/http://www.bostonglobe.com/news/politics/2016/06/09/elizabeth-warren-endorse-hillary-clinton-msnbc-tonight/QrjxIM24ZY7EbiXDb9mMAN/story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On July 7, [[CNN]] reported that Warren was on a five-person [[short list]] to be Clinton's [[running mate]].<ref name="endorsesclinton" /><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.aol.com/article/2016/07/08/hillary-clinton-narrows-vp-list-to-5-people/21426833/|title=Hillary Clinton narrows VP list to 5 people|last=Smith|first=Rob|date=July 8, 2016|website=[[AOL]]|access-date=July 8, 2016|archive-date=July 8, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708163004/http://www.aol.com/article/2016/07/08/hillary-clinton-narrows-vp-list-to-5-people/21426833/|url-status=live}}<br />{{cite news|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2016/07/07/politics/hillary-clinton-vice-president/|title=Clinton narrowing VP choice, waiting for Trump|date=July 7, 2016|website=CNN|last2=Merica|first2=Dan|last1=Zeleny|first1=Jeff|access-date=July 8, 2016|archive-date=July 10, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160710054710/http://edition.cnn.com/2016/07/07/politics/hillary-clinton-vice-president|url-status=live}}</ref> Clinton eventually chose [[Tim Kaine]]. Until her June endorsement, Warren was neutral during the Democratic primary but made public statements that she was cheering [[Bernie Sanders]] on.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/onpolitics/2016/03/25/elizabeth-warren-still-cheering-bernie/82253872/|title=Elizabeth Warren: "I'm still cheering Bernie on"|first=Nicole|last=Gaudiano|date=March 25, 2016|newspaper=[[USA Today]]|access-date=April 27, 2019|archive-date=April 27, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427023633/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/onpolitics/2016/03/25/elizabeth-warren-still-cheering-bernie/82253872/|url-status=live}}</ref> In June, Warren endorsed and campaigned for Clinton.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/elizabeth-warren-endorse-clinton-rachel-maddow-show-n589236|title=Elizabeth Warren Endorses Hillary Clinton on Rachel Maddow Show|first=Carrie|last=Dann|date=June 9, 2016|website=[[NBC News]]|access-date=April 27, 2019|archive-date=May 27, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527231640/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/elizabeth-warren-endorse-clinton-rachel-maddow-show-n589236|url-status=live}}</ref> She called [[Donald Trump]], the presumptive Republican nominee, dishonest, uncaring, and "a loser".<ref>{{cite news |last=Sargent |first=Greg |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/plum-line/wp/2016/05/25/elizabeth-warren-just-absolutely-shredded-donald-trump-theres-a-lot-more-like-this-to-come/ |title=Elizabeth Warren just absolutely shredded Donald Trump. There's a lot more like this to come |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=May 25, 2016 |access-date=May 26, 2016 |archive-date=March 31, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331231744/https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/plum-line/wp/2016/05/25/elizabeth-warren-just-absolutely-shredded-donald-trump-theres-a-lot-more-like-this-to-come/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Mimms |first=Sarah |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/elizabeth-warren-slams-loser-donald-trump-in-twitter-tirade/ |title=Elizabeth Warren Slams 'Loser' Donald Trump in Twitter Tirade |work=Vice |date=March 21, 2016 |access-date=May 26, 2016 |archive-date=July 30, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730081018/https://news.vice.com/article/elizabeth-warren-slams-loser-donald-trump-in-twitter-tirade |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="pocahontas">{{cite news |last=Wright |first=David |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2016/05/25/politics/elizabeth-warren-slams-donald-trump/ |title=Warren blasts Trump; he calls her 'Pocahontas' |work=CNN |date=May 25, 2016 |access-date=May 26, 2016 |archive-date=May 28, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160528102001/http://edition.cnn.com/2016/05/25/politics/elizabeth-warren-slams-donald-trump |url-status=live }}</ref> ===[[119th United States Congress]] Committee assignments=== Source:<ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Senate: Committee Assignments of the 119th Congress |url=https://www.senate.gov/general/committee_assignments/assignments.htm#BarrassoWY |access-date=2025-02-07 |website=www.senate.gov}}</ref> ====Current==== * [[United States Senate Committee on Armed Services|Committee on Armed Services]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=U.S. Senate: Committee Assignments of the 118th Congress|url=https://www.senate.gov/general/committee_assignments/assignments.htmm|access-date=May 24, 2023|website=www.senate.gov}}</ref> ** [[United States Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Personnel|Subcommittee on Personnel]] (Ranking Member) ** [[United States Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Readiness and Management Support|Subcommittee on Readiness and Management Support]] ** [[United States Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Strategic Forces|Subcommittee on Strategic Forces]] * [[United States Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs|Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs]] (Ranking Member) ** [[United States Senate Banking Subcommittee on Digital Assets|Subcommittee on Digital Assets]] ** [[United States Senate Banking Subcommittee on Economic Policy|Subcommittee on Economic Policy]] ** [[United States Senate Banking Subcommittee on Financial Institutions and Consumer Protection|Subcommittee on Financial Institutions and Consumer Protection]] ** [[United States Senate Banking Subcommittee on Housing, Transportation, and Community Development|Subcommittee on Housing, Transportation, and Community Development]] ** [[United States Senate Banking Subcommittee on National Security and International Trade and Finance|Subcommittee on National Security and International Trade and Finance]] ** [[United States Senate Banking Subcommittee on Securities, Insurance, and Investment|Subcommittee on Securities, Insurance, and Investment]] * [[United States Senate Committee on Finance|Committee on Finance]] * [[United States Senate Special Committee on Aging|Special Committee on Aging]] ==2020 presidential campaign== [[File:Announcement Day - Lawrence, MA - 47108769091 (1).jpg|thumb|left|Warren while formally declaring her candidacy in [[Lawrence, Massachusetts]], on February 9, 2019]] {{main|Elizabeth Warren 2020 presidential campaign|2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries}} At a [[town hall meeting]] in [[Holyoke, Massachusetts]], on September 29, 2018, Warren said she would "take a hard look" at running for president in the [[2020 United States presidential election|2020 election]] after the [[2018 United States elections]] concluded.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2018/09/30/sen-elizabeth-warren-says-she-will-take-hard-look-presidential-run/|title=Sen. Elizabeth Warren says she will take 'hard look' at presidential run|first=Mike|last=DeBonis|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=September 29, 2018|access-date=December 31, 2018|archive-date=January 1, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190101100357/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2018/09/30/sen-elizabeth-warren-says-she-will-take-hard-look-presidential-run/|url-status=live}}</ref> On December 31, 2018, Warren announced that she was forming an [[exploratory committee]] to run for president.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/12/31/politics/elizabeth-warren-exploratory-committee-2020/index.html |title=Elizabeth Warren launches exploratory committee ahead of likely 2020 presidential run |first1=MJ |last1=Lee |first2=Gregory |last2=Krieg |date=December 31, 2018 |website=[[CNN]] |access-date=December 31, 2018 |archive-date=December 31, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181231133422/https://www.cnn.com/2018/12/31/politics/elizabeth-warren-exploratory-committee-2020/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Herndon |first1=Astead W. |last2=Burns |first2=Alexander |title=Elizabeth Warren Announces She Is Running for President in 2020 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/31/us/politics/elizabeth-warren-2020-president-announcement.html |access-date=December 31, 2018 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 31, 2018 |archive-date=January 20, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200120172825/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/31/us/politics/elizabeth-warren-2020-president-announcement.html | issn=0362-4331 |eissn=1553-8095 |oclc=1645522 |url-status=live }}</ref> On February 9, 2019, Warren officially announced her candidacy at a rally in [[Lawrence, Massachusetts]], at the site of the 1912 [[Bread and Roses strike]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Tennant |first=Paul |url=https://www.newburyportnews.com/off-and-running-warren-launches-presidential-bid-in-lawrence/article_7cfdff77-88ea-5e8b-8d52-63ca9cdd3149.html |title=Off and running: Warren launches presidential bid in Lawrence |website=[[The Daily News of Newburyport]] |date=February 10, 2019 |access-date=February 11, 2019 |archive-date=February 10, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190210202711/https://www.newburyportnews.com/off-and-running-warren-launches-presidential-bid-in-lawrence/article_7cfdff77-88ea-5e8b-8d52-63ca9cdd3149.html |url-status=live }}</ref> A longtime critic of President Trump, Warren called him a "symptom of a larger problem [that has resulted in] a rigged system that props up the rich and powerful and kicks dirt on everyone else".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Politi |first1=Daniel |title=Elizabeth Warren Launches Presidential Campaign: 'Our Fight is For Big, Structural Change' |date=February 9, 2019 |url=https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2019/02/elizabeth-warren-launch-presidential-campaign.html |website=Slate |access-date=February 10, 2019 |archive-date=February 10, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190210001758/https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2019/02/elizabeth-warren-launch-presidential-campaign.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Warren staged her first campaign event in Lawrence to demonstrate the constituency groups she hopes to appeal to, including [[working class in the United States|working class]] families, union members, women, and new immigrants. She called for major changes in government: {{blockquote |text=It won't be enough to just undo the terrible acts of this administration. We can't afford to just tinker around the edges—a tax credit here, a regulation there. Our fight is for big, structural change. This is the fight of our lives. The fight to build an America where dreams are possible, an America that works for everyone.<ref name=CNNkickoff/>}} Following her candidacy announcement, Warren became known for the number and depth of her policy proposals, including plans to assist family farms by addressing the advantages held by large agricultural conglomerates, plans to reduce student loan debt and offer free tuition at public colleges, a plan to make large corporations pay more in taxes and better regulate large technology companies, several proposals inspired by opposition to President Trump, a plan to utilize [[economic patriotism]], and plans to address [[opioid]] addiction.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tamkin |first1=Emily |title="I have a plan for that": US presidential hopeful Elizabeth Warren is making a case for optimism |url=https://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/magazine/elizabeth-warren-profile-american-election-2020-democrat-policies |access-date=January 19, 2020 |work=Prospect Magazine |archive-date=December 14, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214074950/https://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/magazine/elizabeth-warren-profile-american-election-2020-democrat-policies |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Can Elizabeth Warren Win It All">{{cite magazine |last1=Kolhatkar |first1=Sheela |title=Can Elizabeth Warren Win It All? |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2019/06/24/can-elizabeth-warren-win-it-all |date=June 24, 2019 |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |access-date=June 15, 2019 |archive-date=June 14, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190614230517/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2019/06/24/can-elizabeth-warren-win-it-all |url-status=live }}</ref> One of her signature plans was a [[wealth tax]], dubbed the "Ultra-Millionaire Tax", on fortunes over $50 million.<ref>{{cite web |title=Iltra-Millionaire Tax |url=https://elizabethwarren.com/plans/ultra-millionaire-tax |publisher=Elizabeth Warren for President. |access-date=August 11, 2020 |archive-date=August 3, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803045034/https://elizabethwarren.com/plans/ultra-millionaire-tax |url-status=live }}</ref> Warren was credited with popularizing the idea of a wealth tax with Americans, leading competitor Bernie Sanders to release a wealth tax plan.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bernie Sanders proposes a wealth tax, setting up a clash with Elizabeth Warren |url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/story/2019-09-24/bernie-sanders-wealth-tax-proposal-elizabeth-warren |work=Los Angeles Times |date=September 24, 2019 |access-date=August 11, 2020 |archive-date=February 25, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225184232/https://www.latimes.com/politics/story/2019-09-24/bernie-sanders-wealth-tax-proposal-elizabeth-warren |url-status=live }}</ref> "I have a plan for that" began to develop as a catchphrase for Warren's campaign, and her campaign store began selling merchandise displaying the phrase.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Swasey |first1=Benjamin |title='A Plan For That': Here's A Collection Of Warren's Notable Policy Proposals |url=https://www.wbur.org/news/2019/10/15/warren-plans-taxes-climate-immigration-corruption-guns |work=www.wbur.org |date=7 January 2020 |language=en}}</ref> After the ninth debate of the 2020 Democratic primaries, on February 19, Warren received considerable media coverage for her scolding of fellow candidate [[Michael Bloomberg|Mike Bloomberg]]. She criticized Bloomberg's non-transparent tax records, recently publicized claims of misogyny and sexism toward women, and history of [[redlining]] poor neighborhoods.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rao |first1=Ankita |title=How Elizabeth Warren destroyed Mike Bloomberg's campaign in 60 seconds |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/mar/04/mike-bloomberg-out-60-second-attack-elizabeth-warren-destroyed-campaign |work=The Guardian |date=4 March 2020}}</ref> Warren then pressed Bloomberg about the [[non-disclosure agreement]]s some of female associates are bound by, demanding they be nullified so that the women could come forward and share their experiences.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Astor |first1=Maggie |title=Elizabeth Warren, Criticizing Bloomberg, Sent a Message: She Won't Be Ignored |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/19/us/politics/elizabeth-warren-debate.html |work=The New York Times |date=19 February 2020}}</ref> After several defeats at the polls, including a third-place finish in Massachusetts's Democratic primary, Warren ended her campaign on March 5, 2020.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Herndon|first1=Astead W.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/05/us/politics/elizabeth-warren-drops-out.html|title=Elizabeth Warren, Once a Front-Runner, Drops Out of Presidential Race|date=March 5, 2020|newspaper=The New York Times| issn=0362-4331 |eissn=1553-8095 |oclc=1645522 |access-date=March 5, 2020|last2=Goldmacher|first2=Shane|archive-date=March 5, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305160003/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/05/us/politics/elizabeth-warren-drops-out.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Polls=== In early June 2019, Warren placed second in some polls, with [[Joe Biden]] in first place and [[Bernie Sanders]] in third.<ref name="Can Elizabeth Warren Win It All"/> In the following weeks her poll numbers steadily increased, and a September Iowa poll placed her in the lead with 22% to Biden's 20%. The Iowa poll also rated the number of voters at least considering voting for each candidate; Warren scored 71% to Biden's 60%. Poll respondents also gave her a higher "enthusiasm" rating, with 32% of her backers extremely enthusiastic to Biden's 22%.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Agiesta |first1=Jennifer |title=Elizabeth Warren surges and Joe Biden fades in close Iowa race, new poll shows |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/09/21/politics/iowa-poll-2020-democrats/index.html |website=CNN |date=September 22, 2019 |access-date=September 22, 2019 |archive-date=September 22, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190922000316/https://www.cnn.com/2019/09/21/politics/iowa-poll-2020-democrats/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> An October 24 [[Quinnipiac poll]] placed Warren in the lead at 28%, with Biden at 21% and Sanders at 15%. When asked which candidate had the best policy ideas, 30% of respondents named Warren, with Sanders at 20% and Biden 15%. Sanders was most often named as the candidate who "cares most about people like you," with Warren in second place and Biden third. Sanders also placed first at 28% when respondents were asked which candidate was the most honest, followed by Warren and Biden at 15% each.<ref>{{cite web |title=October 24, 2019 – Warren Opens Up Lead In Dem Primary As Biden Slips, Quinnipiac University National Poll Finds; Dems Say Sanders Is Most Honest Candidate |url=https://poll.qu.edu/national/release-detail?ReleaseID=3646 |website=Quinnipiac University national poll |access-date=October 24, 2019 |archive-date=October 23, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023195434/https://poll.qu.edu/national/release-detail?ReleaseID=3646 |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Funding=== [[File:-selfie line for Elizabeth Warren (47833189012).jpg|thumb|[[Selfie]] line for Elizabeth Warren after a May 19, 2019, campaign event in [[Nashua, New Hampshire]]]] The ''Los Angeles Times'' reported that of the front-runners in the presidential race, only Sanders and Warren have previously won an election with almost exclusively small online contributions, and that no presidential primary in recent history has had two of the top three candidates refuse to use bundlers or hold private fundraisers with wealthy donors.<ref name="small_donors">{{cite web |last1=Halper |first1=Evan |title=Small donors don't cut it for many Democratic candidates. Back to the rich |url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/story/2019-09-03/democratic-presidential-candidates-small-donors |website=Los Angeles Times |date=September 4, 2019 |access-date=October 3, 2019 |archive-date=October 2, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191002163041/https://www.latimes.com/politics/story/2019-09-03/democratic-presidential-candidates-small-donors |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Salvador |last=Rizzo |title=Are Warren and Sanders '100% grassroots-funded'? |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/09/30/are-sanders-warren-grassroots-funded/ |department=Fact Checker |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=September 30, 2019 |access-date=February 25, 2020 |archive-date=February 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218093453/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/09/30/are-sanders-warren-grassroots-funded/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In January 2019, Warren said that she took no PAC money.<ref>{{cite news |first=Glenn |last=Kessler |title=Sen. Warren says she doesn't 'take PAC money of any kind.' What does that mean? |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/01/25/warren-says-she-doesnt-take-pac-money-any-kind-what-does-that-mean/ |department=Fact Checker |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=January 25, 2019 |access-date=February 25, 2020 |archive-date=February 25, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225045301/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/01/25/warren-says-she-doesnt-take-pac-money-any-kind-what-does-that-mean/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In October 2019, Warren announced that her campaign would not accept contributions of more than $200 from executives at banks, large tech companies, private equity firms, or hedge funds, in addition to her previous refusal to accept donations of over $200 from fossil fuel or pharmaceutical executives.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Axelrod |first1=Tal |title=Warren targets 'big money' in campaigns, rules out donations from tech and bank executives |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/465839-warren-introduces-plan-to-take-big-money-out-of-politics-with-eye-on-pac |website=The Hill |date=October 15, 2019 |access-date=October 16, 2019 |archive-date=October 16, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016040822/https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/465839-warren-introduces-plan-to-take-big-money-out-of-politics-with-eye-on-pac |url-status=live }}</ref> In the third quarter of 2019, Warren's campaign raised $24.6 million, just less than the $25.3 million Sanders's campaign raised and well ahead of Joe Biden, the front-runner in the polls, who raised $15.2 million. Warren's average donation was $26; Sanders's was $18.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Nilsen |first1=Ella |title=Warren and Sanders raised significantly more money than Biden in the third quarter |url=https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2019/10/4/20898742/warren-sanders-biden-third-quarter-fundraising |website=Vox |date=October 4, 2019 |access-date=October 7, 2019 |archive-date=October 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191007170710/https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2019/10/4/20898742/warren-sanders-biden-third-quarter-fundraising |url-status=live }}</ref> In February 2020, Warren began accepting support from [[Political action committee#Super PACs|Super PACs]], after failing to convince other Democratic presidential candidates to join her in disavowing them.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/02/20/elizabeth-warren-reverses-her-position-on-super-pac-support.html|title=Elizabeth Warren reverses her position on super PAC support as she seeks comeback|first=Tucker|last=Higgins|date=February 20, 2020|website=CNBC|access-date=March 18, 2020|archive-date=March 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200306105150/https://www.cnbc.com/2020/02/20/elizabeth-warren-reverses-her-position-on-super-pac-support.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Molly |last=Hensley-Clancy |title=Elizabeth Warren Has Reversed On Super PAC Support: "That's How It Has To Be" |url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/mollyhensleyclancy/elizabeth-warren-super-pac-2020-campaign |work=[[BuzzFeed News]] |date=February 20, 2020 |access-date=February 25, 2020 |archive-date=February 25, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225020346/https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/mollyhensleyclancy/elizabeth-warren-super-pac-2020-campaign |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Public appearances=== [[File:New York City, NY Corruption Speech - 49641300352.jpg|thumb|A crowd of 20,000 attended Warren's rally in [[Washington Square Park]]]] As of September 2019, Warren had attended 128 town halls. She is known for remaining afterward to talk with audience members and for the large numbers of [[selfie]]s she has taken with them.<ref name="small_donors"/> On September 17, over 20,000 people attended a Warren rally at New York City's [[Washington Square Park]]. After her speech long lines formed with people waiting as long as four hours for selfies.<ref>{{cite news |title='The lines keep getting longer': Crowd size takes center stage in 2020 race as Warren event rivals Trump |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/the-lines-keep-getting-longer-crowd-size-takes-center-stage-in-2020-race-as-warren-event-rivals-trump/2019/09/17/14112608-d960-11e9-ac63-3016711543fe_story.html |first1=Ashley|last1=Parker|first2=Annie|last2=Linskey|date=September 18, 2019|newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=October 4, 2019 |archive-date=October 4, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191004061801/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/the-lines-keep-getting-longer-crowd-size-takes-center-stage-in-2020-race-as-warren-event-rivals-trump/2019/09/17/14112608-d960-11e9-ac63-3016711543fe_story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Due to the [[First impeachment trial of Donald Trump|impeachment trial of Donald Trump]], Warren was unable to make final campaign stops in person and opted to send her dog [[Bailey Warren|Bailey]] to meet with voters in Iowa.<ref>{{cite news |first1=Molly |last1=Hensley-Clancy |first2=Matt |last2=Berman |title=Elizabeth Warren's Dog Is Campaigning For Her While She's Stuck In Washington |url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/mollyhensleyclancy/elizabeth-warren-dog-bailey-impeachment |work=BuzzFeed News |date=January 29, 2020 |access-date=February 25, 2020 |archive-date=February 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226061130/https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/mollyhensleyclancy/elizabeth-warren-dog-bailey-impeachment |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Vice-presidential speculation=== In June 2020, [[CNN]] reported that Warren was among the top four vice-presidential choices for Joe Biden, the presumptive Democratic presidential nominee, along with Mayor [[Keisha Lance Bottoms]], Representative [[Val Demings]], and Senator [[Kamala Harris]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Zeleny|first1=Jeff|last2=Merica|first2=Dan|last3=Lee|first3=MJ|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/06/26/politics/joe-biden-running-mate/index.html|title=Nation's reckoning on race looms large over final month of Biden's running mate search|work=[[CNN]]|date=June 26, 2020|access-date=June 27, 2020|archive-date=June 27, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627041802/https://www.cnn.com/2020/06/26/politics/joe-biden-running-mate/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Kamala Harris]] was officially announced as Biden's running mate on August 11, 2020. On August 13, ''[[The New York Times]]'' reported that Warren was one of Biden's four finalists along with Harris, [[Susan Rice]], and [[Gretchen Whitmer]].<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Burns|first1=Alexander|last2=Martin|first2=Jonathan|last3=Glueck|first3=Katie|date=August 13, 2020|title=How Biden Chose Harris: A Search That Forged New Stars, Friends and Rivalries|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/13/us/politics/biden-harris.html|access-date=August 15, 2020| issn=0362-4331 |eissn=1553-8095 |oclc=1645522|archive-date=August 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200820200637/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/13/us/politics/biden-harris.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In late April, [[CNBC]] reported that big-money donors were pressuring Biden not to choose Warren, preferring other candidates purportedly on his list, such as Harris, Whitmer, and [[Amy Klobuchar]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/04/30/donors-pressure-joe-biden-to-not-pick-elizabeth-warren-as-vp.html|title=Big money donors are pressuring Joe Biden against picking Elizabeth Warren for VP: 'He would lose the election'|website=CNBC|last1=Schwartz|first1=Brian|date=April 30, 2020|access-date=September 9, 2020|archive-date=September 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200912011347/https://www.cnbc.com/2020/04/30/donors-pressure-joe-biden-to-not-pick-elizabeth-warren-as-vp.html|url-status=live}}</ref> == Personal life == Warren and her first husband divorced in 1978,<ref name="Unwinding" /><ref name="tenthings" /> and two years later, Warren married law professor [[Bruce H. Mann]] on July 12, 1980,<ref>{{cite news |last=Levenson |first=Michael |date=July 12, 2012 |title=Warren and Brown share July 12 anniversary date |work=The Boston Globe |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/massachusetts/2012/07/11/warren-and-brown-share-july-anniversary-date-can-you-believe-brown-warren-share-same-wedding-day/8Hdc2c9xDb5v1DuzrpypjO/story.html |url-status=live |access-date=October 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006155342/https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/massachusetts/2012/07/11/warren-and-brown-share-july-anniversary-date-can-you-believe-brown-warren-share-same-wedding-day/8Hdc2c9xDb5v1DuzrpypjO/story.html |archive-date=October 6, 2019}}</ref> but kept her first husband's surname.<ref name="tenthings" /><ref>{{cite news |last=Lee |first=MJ |date=April 16, 2014 |title=Elizabeth Warren: 'I was hurt, and I was angry' |work=[[Politico]] |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2014/04/elizabeth-warren-105766?o=1 |url-status=live |access-date=August 21, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101080632/https://www.politico.com/story/2014/04/elizabeth-warren-105766?o=1 |archive-date=January 1, 2020}}</ref> Warren has three grandchildren through her daughter Amelia.<ref name="family">{{cite news |last=Ebbert |first=Stephanie |date=October 25, 2012 |title=Elizabeth Warren's family |newspaper=[[The Boston Globe]] |url=http://archive.boston.com/news/politics/2012/10/24/elizabeth-warren-family/v0IZ9AryRoiaOyY61vKM3O/story.html |access-date=June 11, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404013932/http://archive.boston.com/news/politics/2012/10/24/elizabeth-warren-family/v0IZ9AryRoiaOyY61vKM3O/story.html |archive-date=April 4, 2016}}</ref> On April 23, 2020, Warren announced on Twitter that her eldest brother, Don Reed Herring, had died of [[COVID-19]] two days earlier.<ref>{{cite news |last=Forgey |first=Quint |date=April 23, 2020 |title=Elizabeth Warren's brother dies from coronavirus |work=[[Politico]] |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2020/04/23/elizabeth-warren-brother-dies-from-coronavirus-203803 |url-status=live |access-date=April 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200423163608/https://www.politico.com/news/2020/04/23/elizabeth-warren-brother-dies-from-coronavirus-203803 |archive-date=April 23, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Bidgood |first1=Jess |date=April 23, 2020 |title=Elizabeth Warren's oldest brother dies of coronavirus in Oklahoma |work=[[The Boston Globe]] |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/2020/04/23/nation/elizabeth-warrens-oldest-brother-dies-coronavirus-oklahoma/ |url-status=live |access-date=April 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430031532/https://www.bostonglobe.com/2020/04/23/nation/elizabeth-warrens-oldest-brother-dies-coronavirus-oklahoma/ |archive-date=April 30, 2020}}</ref> On October 1, 2021, she announced that her brother, John Herring, had died of cancer.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Campione |first=Katie |date=October 1, 2021 |title=Elizabeth Warren's Brother John Dies After Cancer Battle: 'Tell Someone How Much You Love Them' |url=https://news.yahoo.com/elizabeth-warrens-brother-john-dies-003501991.html |access-date=October 2, 2021 |website=news.yahoo.com |language=en-US}}</ref> As of 2019, according to ''[[Forbes|Forbes Magazine]]'', Warren's net worth was $12 million.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Alexander |first1=Dan |date=August 14, 2019 |title=The Net Worth Of Every 2020 Presidential Candidate |work=Forbes Magazine |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/danalexander/2019/08/14/heres-the-net-worth-of-every-2020-presidential-candidate |access-date=October 15, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Tindera |first1=Michela |date=August 20, 2019 |title=How Elizabeth Warren Built A $12 Million Fortune |work=Forbes Magazine |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/michelatindera/2019/08/20/how-elizabeth-warren-built-a-12-million-fortune |access-date=October 15, 2021}}</ref> For 2022, she and her husband reported a combined income of $1 million; her salary as U.S. Senator only accounts for a fifth of that sum. As of early 2025, ''[[TheStreet.com]]'' estimates her net worth at least $8 million.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thestreet.com/lifestyle/elizabeth-warren-net-worth-15024381 |title=Elizabeth Warren's net worth: Senator salary, real estate & more |website=TheStreet.com |last1=O'Connell |first1=Brian |last2=Diongson |first2=Dominic |date=January 5, 2025 |access-date=March 11, 2025}}</ref> ==Political positions== {{Main|Political positions of Elizabeth Warren}} {{Progressivism sidebar|politicians}} [[File:Ace_Hotel_NY_Grassroots_Donor_Pop_Up_(47967853656).jpg|thumb|Warren with a supporter wearing a "Warren has a plan for that" T-shirt. The phrase became an [[internet meme]] during her presidential run.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Gallucci |first1=Nicole |title='Elizabeth Warren has a plan for that' memes are here to test your rhyming skills |url=https://mashable.com/article/elizabeth-warren-plan-for-that-rhyme-memes/ |website=Mashable |date=July 3, 2019 |access-date=October 9, 2019 |language=en |archive-date=October 9, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191009041453/https://mashable.com/article/elizabeth-warren-plan-for-that-rhyme-memes/ |url-status=live }}</ref>]] Warren is widely regarded as a [[Progressivism in the United States|progressive]]. In 2012, the British magazine ''[[New Statesman]]'' named Warren among the "top 20 U.S. progressives".<ref name=newstatesman/> Warren supports worker representation on corporations' board of directors, breaking up monopolies, stiffening sentences for white-collar crime, a [[United States National Health Care Act|Medicare for All]] plan to provide health insurance for all Americans, and a higher minimum wage.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Stein |first1=Jeff |title=Warren's 2020 agenda: Break up monopolies, give workers control over corporations, fight drug companies |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2018/12/31/warrens-agenda-break-up-monopolies-give-workers-control-over-corporations-fight-big-pharma/ |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=December 31, 2018 |access-date=September 22, 2019 |archive-date=February 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207020227/https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2018/12/31/warrens-agenda-break-up-monopolies-give-workers-control-over-corporations-fight-big-pharma/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Warren was highly critical of the Trump administration. She expressed concerns over what she says were Trump's conflicts of interest. The [[Presidential Conflicts of Interest Act]], written by Warren, was first read in the Senate in January 2017.<ref name="s65-sentate">{{cite web |url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/senate-bill/65/all-info |access-date=January 10, 2017 |title=All Information (Except Text) for S.65 – Presidential Conflicts of Interest Act of 2017 |website=[[United States Congress]] |date=January 9, 2017 |archive-date=January 13, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113103057/https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/senate-bill/65/all-info |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="The Independent">{{Cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-elections/elizabeth-warren-donald-trump-business-conflicts-of-interest-bill-legislation-a7478656.html |title=Donald Trump faces impeachment if new conflicts of interest bill passed |last=Worley |first=Will |date=December 16, 2016 |access-date=September 21, 2019 |archive-date=September 15, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190915054056/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-elections/elizabeth-warren-donald-trump-business-conflicts-of-interest-bill-legislation-a7478656.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Warren was highly critical of Trump's immigration policies. In 2018, she called for abolishing [[U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement]] (ICE).<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hirschfeld Davis |first1=Julie |title=White House Twitter Account, in Rare Broadside, Attacks 2 Democratic Senators Over ICE |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/02/us/politics/white-house-twitter-kamala-harris-elizabeth-warren.html |access-date=January 21, 2019 |issn=0362-4331 |eissn=1553-8095 |oclc=1645522 |work=The New York Times |date=July 2, 2018 |quote=...they have been sharply critical of ICE, the agency that handles the detention and deportation of undocumented immigrants, among other responsibilities. Ms. Warren has called for the department's abolition... |archive-date=January 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190120202329/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/02/us/politics/white-house-twitter-kamala-harris-elizabeth-warren.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Warren has criticized U.S. involvement in the [[Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen]] in support of Yemen's government against the [[Houthis]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Elizabeth Warren Demands in Letter That U.S. Military Explain Its Role in Yemen Bombings |first=Alex |last=Emmons |url=https://theintercept.com/2018/08/14/elizabeth-warren-yemen-bombing-us-military/ |work=The Intercept |date=August 14, 2018 |access-date=September 21, 2019 |archive-date=September 30, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930194634/https://theintercept.com/2018/08/14/elizabeth-warren-yemen-bombing-us-military/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=End US complicity in Yemen's humanitarian disaster |first1=Elizabeth |last1=Warren |first2=Ro |last2=Khanna |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/10/08/opinions/end-us-complicity-in-yemen-war-opinion-warren-khanna/index.html |website=[[CNN]] |date=October 8, 2018 |access-date=September 21, 2019 |archive-date=October 12, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191012080219/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/10/08/opinions/end-us-complicity-in-yemen-war-opinion-warren-khanna/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In January 2019, Warren criticized Trump's decision to withdraw [[American-led intervention in the Syrian Civil War|U.S. troops from Syria]] and [[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)|Afghanistan]]. She agreed that U.S. troops should be withdrawn from Syria and Afghanistan but said such withdrawals should be part of a "coordinated" plan formed with U.S. allies.<ref>{{cite news |title=Warren on Syria troop pullout: Foreign policy shouldn't be conducted on Twitter |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/423631-warren-takes-dig-at-trump-foreign-policy-shouldnt-conducted-through |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |date=January 3, 2019 |access-date=February 19, 2019 |first=Justin |last=Wise |archive-date=January 15, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190115075755/https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/423631-warren-takes-dig-at-trump-foreign-policy-shouldnt-conducted-through |url-status=live }}</ref> In April 2019, after reading the [[Mueller report]], Warren called on the House of Representatives to begin impeachment proceedings against Trump, saying, "The Mueller report lays out facts showing that a hostile foreign government attacked our 2016 election to help Donald Trump and Donald Trump welcomed that help. Once elected, Donald Trump obstructed the investigation into that attack."<ref>{{cite web |last1=MJ |first1=Lee |title=Elizabeth Warren says House should start impeachment proceedings for Trump |date=April 20, 2019 |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/04/19/politics/elizabeth-warren-donald-trump-impeachment-proceedings/index.html |website=CNN |access-date=April 20, 2019 |archive-date=April 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419215811/https://www.cnn.com/2019/04/19/politics/elizabeth-warren-donald-trump-impeachment-proceedings/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> After the June 24, 2022, [[Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization|ruling]] in which the Supreme Court overturned ''[[Roe v. Wade]]'', Warren wrote a ''New York Times'' op-ed requesting that President Biden unblock "critical resources and authority that states and the federal government can use to meet the surge in demand for reproductive health services".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Vakil |first1=Caroline |title=Warren, Smith following SCOTUS abortion ruling: 'We need action, and we need it now' |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/senate/3536850-warren-smith-following-scotus-abortion-ruling-we-need-action-and-we-need-it-now/ |website=The Hill |date=June 25, 2022 |access-date=June 25, 2022}}</ref> In 2022, Warren voted to advance legislation to codify same-sex marriage into federal law by voting for the [[Respect for Marriage Act]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mourtoupalas and Blanco |date=November 29, 2022 |title=Here's which senators voted for or against the Respect for Marriage Act |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/interactive/2022/senator-vote-count-respect-for-marriage-act/}}</ref> On March 13, 2023, Warren presented a detailed analysis of the [[collapse of Silicon Valley Bank]] on March 10, 2023, and provided possible solutions to avoid further bank failures, in ''[[The New York Times]]''.<ref name="NYT-20230313">{{cite news |last=Warren |first=Elizabeth |author-link=Elizabeth Warren |title=Elizabeth Warren: We Can Prevent More Bank Failures |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/13/opinion/elizabeth-warren-silicon-valley-bank.html |date=March 13, 2023 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230313133303/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/13/opinion/elizabeth-warren-silicon-valley-bank.html |archive-date=March 13, 2023 |access-date=March 13, 2023 }}</ref> Warren supports a two-state solution to the [[Israeli–Palestinian conflict|Israeli–Palestine conflict]]. In March 2024, she was one of 19 Democratic senators to sign a letter to the Biden administration urging the U.S. to recognize a "nonmilitarized" [[State of Palestine|Palestinian state]] after the war in Gaza.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bolton |first=Alexander |date=2024-03-20 |title=Senate Democrats press Biden to establish two-state solution for Israel, Palestine |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/senate/4544765-democrats-press-biden-two-state-solution-israel-palestine/ |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=The Hill |language=en-US}}</ref> ==Ancestry and Native American claims== According to Warren and her brothers, older family members told them during their childhood that they had some [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] ancestry.<ref>{{cite news |last=Jacobs |first=Sally |title=Elizabeth Warren's family has mixed memories about heritage |url=https://www.boston.com/news/politics/2012/09/15/elizabeth-warren-family-native-american-heritage |access-date=January 9, 2013 |newspaper=The Boston Globe |date=September 16, 2012 |archive-date=April 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180412060259/https://www.boston.com/news/politics/2012/09/15/elizabeth-warren-family-native-american-heritage |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first1=Ashley |last1=Killough |first2=Kevin |last2=Liptak |title=Brown continues offense on Warren over Native American claims |url=http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2012/05/08/brown-continues-offense-on-warren-over-native-american-claims/ |website=CNN |access-date=September 24, 2019 |language=en |quote=The New England Historic Genealogical Society provided CNN with initial research last week, showing several members of Warren's maternal family claiming Cherokee heritage. The Native American link extends to Warren's great-great-great grandmother O.C. Sarah Smith, who is said to be described as Cherokee in an 1894 marriage license application. |archive-date=October 8, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191008082129/http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2012/05/08/brown-continues-offense-on-warren-over-native-american-claims/ |date=May 8, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2012, she said that "being Native American has been part of my story, I guess, since the day I was born".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Madison |first1=Lucy |title=Warren explains minority listing, talks of grandfather's 'high cheekbones' |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/warren-explains-minority-listing-talks-of-grandfathers-high-cheekbones/ |access-date=October 18, 2018 |website=[[CBS News]] |date=May 3, 2012 |quote=And my Aunt Bea has walked by that picture at least a 1,000 times – remarked that he – that her father, my Papaw – had high cheek bones – 'like all of the Indians do'. Because that's how she saw it and she said 'and your mother got those same great cheek bones and I didn't'. She thought that was the bad deal she had gotten in life. Being Native American has been part of my story, I guess, since the day I was born |archive-date=October 18, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181018082602/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/warren-explains-minority-listing-talks-of-grandfathers-high-cheekbones/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1984,<ref>{{cite magazine |first=Kelefa |last=Sanneh |date=June 3, 2012 |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/elizabeth-warrens-family-ties |title=Elizabeth Warren's Family Ties |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |access-date=August 23, 2019 |archive-date=August 4, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804171403/https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/elizabeth-warrens-family-ties |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bostonherald.com/2012/05/17/pow-wow-factor-elizabeth-warren-touted-native-roots-in-84-cookbook/ |work=[[Boston Herald]] |first=Hillary |last=Chabot |title='Pow Wow' factor: Elizabeth Warren touted native roots in '84 cookbook |date=May 17, 2012 |access-date=September 21, 2019 |archive-date=August 22, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822015154/https://www.bostonherald.com/2012/05/17/pow-wow-factor-elizabeth-warren-touted-native-roots-in-84-cookbook/ |issn=0738-5854 | oclc=643304073|url-status=live }}</ref> Warren contributed recipes to a Native American cookbook and identified herself as [[Cherokee]].<ref name="vanityfair.com">{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2018/10/elizabeth-warren-shows-democrats-how-to-lose-in-2020 |title="You Can't Out-Trump Trump": Elizabeth Warren Shows Democrats How to Lose in 2020 |first=Peter |last=Hamby |magazine=Vanity Fair |date=October 17, 2018 |access-date=September 21, 2019 |archive-date=January 18, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190118164457/https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2018/10/elizabeth-warren-shows-democrats-how-to-lose-in-2020 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=Olmstead>{{cite web |last1=Olmstead |first1=Molly |title=Report: Elizabeth Warren Identified as American Indian in Texas Bar Registration |url=https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2019/02/elizabeth-warren-native-american-texas-bar-form-apology.html |website=Slate Magazine |language=en |date=February 6, 2019 |access-date=August 22, 2019 |archive-date=August 22, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822015158/https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2019/02/elizabeth-warren-native-american-texas-bar-form-apology.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Warren is not a part of any native tribes and does not hold any tribal citizenship.<ref name="BBC_1" /> During Warren's first Senate race in 2012, her opponent, [[Scott Brown (politician)|Scott Brown]], speculated that she had [[Pretendian|fabricated Native ancestry]] to gain advantage on the employment market and used Warren's ancestry in several attack ads.<ref>{{cite magazine |author1=Touré |author-link1=Touré (journalist) |title=Elizabeth Warren, Scott Brown and the Myth of Race |url=https://ideas.time.com/2012/10/05/elizabeth-warren-and-the-myth-of-race/ |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=February 23, 2015 |date=October 5, 2012 |archive-date=February 23, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150223091422/http://ideas.time.com/2012/10/05/elizabeth-warren-and-the-myth-of-race/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Nickisch |first1=Curt |title=Despite Pledge, Gloves Are Off In Massachusetts Senate Race |date=September 25, 2012 |url=https://www.wbur.org/npr/161760449/despite-pledge-gloves-are-off-in-massachusetts-senate-race |website=WBUR News |access-date=February 23, 2015 |archive-date=February 23, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150223085323/http://www.wbur.org/npr/161760449/despite-pledge-gloves-are-off-in-massachusetts-senate-race |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Wash Post">{{cite news |last=Hicks |first=Josh |title=Everything you need to know about Elizabeth Warren's claim of Native American heritage |date=September 28, 2012 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/fact-checker/post/everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-controversy-over-elizabeth-warrens-claimed-native-american-heritage/2012/09/27/d0b7f568-08a5-11e2-a10c-fa5a255a9258_blog.html |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=January 7, 2013 |archive-date=September 28, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928235700/https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/fact-checker/post/everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-controversy-over-elizabeth-warrens-claimed-native-american-heritage/2012/09/27/d0b7f568-08a5-11e2-a10c-fa5a255a9258_blog.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Warren has denied that her alleged heritage gave her any advantages in her schooling or her career.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2012/09/brown-hits-warren-on-cherokee-claim-081483 |date=September 20, 2012 |title=Brown hits Warren on Cherokee claim |first=David |last=Catanese |website=[[Politico]] |access-date=September 21, 2019 |archive-date=September 21, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190921113127/https://www.politico.com/story/2012/09/brown-hits-warren-on-cherokee-claim-081483 |url-status=live }}</ref> Several colleagues and employers (including Harvard) have said her reported ethnic status played no role in her hiring.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/01/us/politics/elizabeth-warrens-ancestry-irrelevant-in-hiring-law-schools-say.html |title=Candidate for Senate Defends Past Hiring |last1=Seelye |first1=Katharine Q. |date=April 30, 2012 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=February 23, 2015 |last2=Goodnough |first2=Abby |quote=officials involved in her hiring at Harvard, the University of Pennsylvania, the University of Texas and the University of Houston Law Center all said that she was hired because she was an outstanding teacher, and that her stated ethnicity was either not discussed or not a factor |archive-date=February 23, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150223070533/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/01/us/politics/elizabeth-warrens-ancestry-irrelevant-in-hiring-law-schools-say.html | issn=0362-4331 |eissn=1553-8095 |oclc=1645522 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="BBC_1">{{cite news |title=Elizabeth Warren: DNA test finds 'strong evidence' of Native American blood |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-45866168 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=October 15, 2018 |access-date=September 21, 2019 |archive-date=August 13, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190813144506/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-45866168 |url-status=live }}</ref> From 1995 to 2004, her employer, Harvard Law School, listed her as a Native American in its federal affirmative action forms; Warren later said she was unaware of this.<ref>{{cite news |last=Ebbert |first=Stephanie |url=https://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2012/04/30/elizabeth_warren_was_listed_as_a_minority_professor_in_law_directories_in_the_80s_and_90s/ |title=Directories identified Warren as minority |publisher=The Boston Globe |date=April 30, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130903193315/http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2012/04/30/elizabeth_warren_was_listed_as_a_minority_professor_in_law_directories_in_the_80s_and_90s/|archive-date=September 3, 2013}}</ref> ''The Washington Post'' reported that in 1986, Warren identified her race as "American Indian" on a [[State Bar of Texas]] write-in form used for statistical information gathering, but added that there was "no indication it was used for professional advancement".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vox.com/2018/10/16/17983250/elizabeth-warren-bar-application-american-indian-dna|title=New evidence has emerged Elizabeth Warren claimed American Indian heritage in 1986|first=Ella|last=Nilsen|date=October 16, 2018|website=Vox|access-date=September 21, 2019|archive-date=September 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190917011549/https://www.vox.com/2018/10/16/17983250/elizabeth-warren-bar-application-american-indian-dna|url-status=live}}</ref> A 2018 ''[[Boston Globe]]'' investigation found that her reported ethnicity played no role in her rise in the academic legal profession, and concluded there was "clear evidence, in documents and interviews, that her claim to Native American ethnicity was never considered by the Harvard Law faculty, which voted resoundingly to hire her, or by those who hired her to four prior positions at other law schools", and that "Warren was viewed as a white woman by the hiring committees at every institution that employed her".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/nation/2018/09/01/did-claiming-native-american-heritage-actually-help-elizabeth-warren-get-ahead-but-complicated/wUZZcrKKEOUv5Spnb7IO0K/story.html |title=Ethnicity not a factor in Elizabeth Warren's rise in law |last=Linskey |first=Annie |date=September 1, 2018 |work=[[The Boston Globe]] |access-date=September 2, 2018 |archive-date=September 2, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180902004851/https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/nation/2018/09/01/did-claiming-native-american-heritage-actually-help-elizabeth-warren-get-ahead-but-complicated/wUZZcrKKEOUv5Spnb7IO0K/story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In February 2019, Warren apologized for having identified as Native American.<ref name=Olmstead/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/elizabeth-warren-apologizes-for-calling-herself-native-american/2019/02/05/1627df76-2962-11e9-984d-9b8fba003e81_story.html|title=Elizabeth Warren apologizes for calling herself Native American|last=Linskey|first=Annie|date=February 5, 2019|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=February 9, 2019|archive-date=February 8, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190208232241/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/elizabeth-warren-apologizes-for-calling-herself-native-american/2019/02/05/1627df76-2962-11e9-984d-9b8fba003e81_story.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Shira |last=Tarlo |url=https://www.salon.com/2019/02/06/elizabeth-warren-apologizes-for-identifying-as-native-american-on-texas-bar-registration-card/ |title=Elizabeth Warren apologizes for identifying as Native American on Texas bar registration card |date=February 6, 2019 |website=[[Salon (website)|Salon]] |access-date=February 9, 2019 |archive-date=February 8, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190208201314/https://www.salon.com/2019/02/06/elizabeth-warren-apologizes-for-identifying-as-native-american-on-texas-bar-registration-card/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Throughout his first term in office, President [[Donald Trump]] mocked Warren for her assertions of Native American ancestry<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://theintercept.com/2018/10/16/elizabeth-warren-dna-video-native-american-harvard/ |work=[[The Intercept]] |title=What Elizabeth Warren Still Doesn't Get |first=Briahna |last=Gray |date=October 16, 2018 |access-date=September 21, 2019 |archive-date=August 13, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190813140445/https://theintercept.com/2018/10/16/elizabeth-warren-dna-video-native-american-harvard/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and pejoratively called her "[[Pocahontas]]".<ref name=":3" /> At a July 2018 Montana rally, he promised that if he debated Warren, he would pay $1 million to her favorite charity if she took a [[DNA test]] and "it shows you're an Indian".<ref name="politifact.com">{{cite web |url=https://www.politifact.com/article/2018/oct/15/context-donald-trumps-1-million-offer-elizabeth-wa/ | title=PolitiFact - in context: Donald Trump's $1 million offer to Elizabeth Warren }}</ref> In October 2018, Warren released an analysis of a DNA test by geneticist [[Carlos D. Bustamante]] that found her ancestry to be mostly European but "strongly support[ed] the existence of an unadmixed Native American ancestor", likely "in the range of 6 to 10 generations ago".<ref>{{cite web |title=Elizabeth Warren: DNA test shows strong likelihood I have Native-American heritage |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/elizabeth-warren-dna-test-shows-strong-likelihood-i-have-native-american-heritage/ |work=CBS News |access-date=September 24, 2019 |language=en |date=October 15, 2018 |archive-date=September 24, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924134713/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/elizabeth-warren-dna-test-shows-strong-likelihood-i-have-native-american-heritage/ |url-status=live }}</ref> According to ''The Boston Globe'', this puts Warren somewhere between 1/64 and 1/1024 (0.09% to 1.5%) Native American.<ref name="BBC_1" /> Other geneticists, while not disputing the test's validity, found the underlying science "flawed" due to the lack of [[Native Americans in the United States]] in the database.<ref name=NotNorthAmericanNative>{{cite web |title=The real problem with Elizabeth Warren's DNA test: Geneticists - Defining Native American heritage with DNA tests misses the point, experts said |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/CuttingEdge/geneticists-real-problem-elizabeth-warrens-dna-test/story?id=58563279 |work=ABC News |access-date=January 30, 2023 |language=en |date=October 18, 2018 }}</ref> Geneticists [[Krystal Tsosie]] and Matthew Anderson called the interpretation of the test "problematic", citing, among other reasons, "Warren's motives, and the genetic variants informing the comparison". They added: "because Bustamante used Indigenous individuals from Central and South America as a reference group to compare Warren's DNA, we believe he should have stated only that Warren potentially had an 'Indigenous' ancestor 6-10 generations ago, not conclusively a 'Native American' one. The distinction might seem hypercritical to most, but to the sovereign tribal nations of the United States it's an important one."<ref name=TsosieMatthews>{{cite web |title=Two Native American geneticists interpret Elizabeth Warren's DNA test |url=https://theconversation.com/two-native-american-geneticists-interpret-elizabeth-warrens-dna-test-105274 |work=ABC News |access-date=January 31, 2023 |language=en |date=October 22, 2018 }}</ref> After publicizing Bustamante's interpretation of the test, Warren asked Trump to donate the money to the [[Native American Women's Health Education Resource Center|National Indigenous Women's Resource Center]]. Trump responded: "I didn't say that. I think you better read it again".<ref name="politifact.com"/><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2018/10/15/trump-dared-elizabeth-warren-take-dna-test-prove-her-native-american-ancestry-now-what/ |first1=Amy B. |last1=Wang |first2=Deanna |last2=Paul |title=Trump promised $1 million to charity if Warren proved her Native American DNA. Now he's waffling. |date=October 15, 2018 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=September 21, 2019 |archive-date=September 22, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190922195622/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2018/10/15/trump-dared-elizabeth-warren-take-dna-test-prove-her-native-american-ancestry-now-what/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Trump denies offering $1 million for Warren DNA test, even though he did |first=Jordan |last=Fabian |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/411414-trump-denies-offering-1-million-for-warren-dna-test-even-though-he |website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |access-date=July 12, 2019 |date=October 15, 2018 |archive-date=June 26, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626002032/https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/411414-trump-denies-offering-1-million-for-warren-dna-test-even-though-he |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Cherokee Nation]] criticized Warren, saying, "Using a DNA test to lay claim to any connection to the Cherokee Nation or any tribal nation, even vaguely, is inappropriate and wrong."<ref name="BBC_1"/><ref>{{cite news <!-- This was published with no author byline --> |title=US senator Elizabeth Warren faces backlash after indigenous DNA claim |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-45869804 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=October 16, 2018 |access-date=August 23, 2019}}</ref> According to ''[[Politico]]'', "Warren's past claims of American Indian ancestry garnered fierce criticism from both sides of the aisle", with "tribal leaders calling out Warren for claiming a heritage she did not culturally belong to."<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2019/02/06/warren-american-indian-1154093 |title=Warren suggests 'American Indian' might appear on other documents |first=Matthew |last=Choi |date=February 6, 2019 |website=[[Politico]] |access-date=September 21, 2019 |archive-date=September 21, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190921113127/https://www.politico.com/story/2019/02/06/warren-american-indian-1154093 |url-status=live }}</ref> During a January 2019 public appearance in [[Sioux City, Iowa]], Warren was asked by an attendee, "Why did you undergo the DNA testing and give Donald more fodder to be a bully?" She responded in part, "I am not a [[person of color]]; I am not a citizen of a tribe. Tribal citizenship is very different from ancestry. Tribes, and only tribes, determine tribal citizenship, and I respect that difference."<ref name=":2">{{cite news |last=Weigel |first=David |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/powerpost/in-iowa-sen-elizabeth-warren-tells-a-voter-why-she-took-that-dna-test/2019/01/05/818de546-112d-11e9-84fc-d58c33d6c8c7_story.html |title=In Iowa, Sen. Elizabeth Warren tells a voter why she took that DNA test |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=January 5, 2019 |access-date=January 7, 2019 |archive-date=January 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107002622/https://www.washingtonpost.com/powerpost/in-iowa-sen-elizabeth-warren-tells-a-voter-why-she-took-that-dna-test/2019/01/05/818de546-112d-11e9-84fc-d58c33d6c8c7_story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> She later privately contacted leadership of the Cherokee Nation to apologize "for furthering confusion over issues of tribal sovereignty and citizenship and for any harm her announcement caused". Cherokee Nation executive director of communications Julie Hubbard said that Warren understands "that being a Cherokee Nation tribal citizen is rooted in centuries of culture and laws not through DNA tests".<ref>{{cite news |last=Grim |first=Ryan |url=https://theintercept.com/2019/01/31/elizabeth-warren-2020-campaign-announcement/ |title=Elizabeth Warren Will Make Her Presidential Bid Official in February |work=[[The Intercept]] |date=January 31, 2019 |access-date=September 21, 2019 |archive-date=October 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191007190333/https://theintercept.com/2019/01/31/elizabeth-warren-2020-campaign-announcement/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Warren apologized again in August 2019 before a Native American Forum in Iowa.<ref>{{cite news |last=Kaplan |first=Thomas |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/19/us/politics/elizabeth-warren-native-american.html/ |title=Elizabeth Warren Apologizes at Native American Forum: 'I Have Listened and I Have Learned' |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=August 19, 2019 |access-date=February 7, 2020 |archive-date=February 4, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204062530/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/19/us/politics/elizabeth-warren-native-american.html | issn=0362-4331 |eissn=1553-8095 |oclc=1645522 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Jamerson |first=Joshua |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/elizabeth-warren-again-apologizes-after-release-of-native-american-ancestry-link-11566241904/ |title=Elizabeth Warren Apologizes for DNA Test, Identifying as Native American |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=August 19, 2019 |access-date=February 7, 2020 |archive-date=February 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200206205028/https://www.wsj.com/articles/elizabeth-warren-again-apologizes-after-release-of-native-american-ancestry-link-11566241904 |url-status=live }}</ref> In February 2019, Warren received a standing ovation during a surprise visit to a Native American conference, where she was introduced by freshman Representative [[Deb Haaland]] (D-[[New Mexico|NM]]), one of the first two Native American women elected to the U.S. Congress.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.salon.com/2019/02/13/elizabeth-warren-receives-standing-ovation-at-surprise-visit-to-native-american-conference-report/ |title=Elizabeth Warren receives standing ovation at surprise visit to Native American conference: report |last=Tarlo |first=Shira |work=Salon |quote=Democratic presidential candidate Sen. Elizabeth Warren (D-Mass.) received a standing ovation when she made a surprise appearance Tuesday at a Native American conference ... Warren apologized to the Cherokee Nation earlier this month for releasing a DNA test in an attempt to prove it. It was most recently revealed that Warren listed her race as "American Indian" when she filled out form for the Texas state bar in 1986. |date=December 7, 2018 |access-date=February 23, 2019 |archive-date=February 22, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190222115859/https://www.salon.com/2019/02/13/elizabeth-warren-receives-standing-ovation-at-surprise-visit-to-native-american-conference-report/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/12/politics/elizabeth-warren-native-american-lunch-unannounced-appearance/index.html |title=Elizabeth Warren makes unannounced appearance at Native American luncheon in Washington |last=Lee |first=MJ |work=CNN|quote=''The Washington Post'' reported that Warren had listed her race as 'American Indian' on a State Bar of Texas registration card in 1986. It marked the first time the claim had been documented in Warren's own handwriting, reignited a debate that had begun quiet down, and prompted yet another apology. 'As Senator Warren has said she is not a citizen of any tribe and only tribes determine tribal citizenship', Kristen Orthman, Warren's spokeswoman, said in a statement. 'She is sorry that she was not more mindful of this earlier in her career.' |date=February 12, 2019 |access-date=February 23, 2019 |archive-date=February 25, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190225103252/https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/12/politics/elizabeth-warren-native-american-lunch-unannounced-appearance/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Haaland endorsed Warren for president in July 2019, calling her "a great partner for [[Indian Country]]".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://boston.cbslocal.com/2019/07/31/native-american-congresswoman-endorses-elizabeth-warren-debra-haaland/ |agency=AP |work=[[WBZ-TV]], CBS Local Boston |title=Native American Congresswoman Endorses Elizabeth Warren For President |date=July 31, 2019 |access-date=September 21, 2019 |archive-date=August 1, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190801121515/https://boston.cbslocal.com/2019/07/31/native-american-congresswoman-endorses-elizabeth-warren-debra-haaland/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Honors and awards== [[File:Elizabeth Warren by David Shankbone.jpg|upright|thumb|Warren at the 2009 [[Time 100|''Time'' 100]] Gala]] In 2009, ''The Boston Globe'' named Warren the Bostonian of the Year,<ref name="Bostonian-2009" /> and the [[Women's Bar Association of Massachusetts]] honored her with the [[Lelia J. Robinson]] Award.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://today.law.harvard.edu/elizabeth-warren-receives-award-from-womens-bar-association/ |title=Elizabeth Warren receives award from Women's Bar Association |date=October 15, 2009 |website=Harvard Law Today |access-date=September 21, 2019 |archive-date=September 21, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190921181431/https://today.law.harvard.edu/elizabeth-warren-receives-award-from-womens-bar-association/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[The National Law Journal]]'' has repeatedly named Warren one of the Fifty Most Influential Women Attorneys in America,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.law.com/nationallawjournal/almID/1202446812068/|date=March 29, 2010|title=The Decade's Most Influential Lawyers|work=[[The National Law Journal]]|access-date=December 4, 2018|archive-date=December 4, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181204151546/https://www.law.com/nationallawjournal/almID/1202446812068/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cpbn.org/profile/elizabeth-warren |title=Featured Profile: Elizabeth Warren |website=[[Connecticut Public Broadcasting|Connecticut Public Broadcasting Network]] |year=2010 |access-date=October 26, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331220647/http://www.cpbn.org/profile/elizabeth-warren |archive-date=March 31, 2012 }}</ref> and in 2010 named her one of the 40 most influential attorneys of the decade.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.law.com/jsp/ca/PubArticleFriendlyCA.jsp?id=1202446812068&slreturn=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130903015731/http://www.law.com/jsp/ca/PubArticleFriendlyCA.jsp?id=1202446812068&slreturn=1 |archive-date=September 3, 2013 |title=The Decade's Most Influential Lawyers: Forty attorneys who have defined the decade in a dozen key legal areas |last=Brown |first=David |work=The Recorder |date=March 29, 2010 |via=[[The National Law Journal]] |access-date=September 22, 2019 }}</ref> Also in 2009, Warren became the first professor in Harvard's history to win the law school's Sacks–Freund Teaching Award for a second time.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://today.law.harvard.edu/elizabeth-warren-wins-sacks-freund-award-for-teaching-2/ |title=Elizabeth Warren Wins Sacks–Freund Award for Teaching |date=June 3, 2009 |access-date=May 2, 2012 |archive-date=April 22, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150422031710/http://today.law.harvard.edu/elizabeth-warren-wins-sacks-freund-award-for-teaching-2/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2011, she delivered the commencement address at [[Rutgers Law School]], her alma mater, and received an honorary Doctor of Laws degree and membership in the [[Order of the Coif]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Legal Scholar Elizabeth Warren, Historian Annette Gordon-Reed, Entrepreneur Marc Berson to Address Graduates of Rutgers University, Newark |url=https://news.rutgers.edu/news-release/legal-scholar-elizabeth-warren-historian-annette-gordon-reed-entrepreneur-marc-berson-address/20110411 |last=Capizzi |first=Carla |website=[[Rutgers–Newark|Rutgers–Newark Newscenter]] |date=May 10, 2011 |access-date=September 22, 2019 |archive-date=September 21, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190921183041/https://news.rutgers.edu/news-release/legal-scholar-elizabeth-warren-historian-annette-gordon-reed-entrepreneur-marc-berson-address/20110411 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2011, Warren was inducted into the [[Oklahoma Hall of Fame]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://oklahomahof.com/member-archives/w/warren-elizabeth-2011 |title=Warren, Elizabeth – 2011 |website=[[Oklahoma Hall of Fame]] |year=2011 |access-date=September 21, 2019 |archive-date=September 21, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190921182628/https://oklahomahof.com/member-archives/w/warren-elizabeth-2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> In January 2012, ''[[New Statesman]]'' magazine named her one of the "top 20 U.S. progressives".<ref name=newstatesman>{{cite news |url=https://www.newstatesman.com/north-america/2012/01/barack-obama-socialist |first=Mehdi |last=Hasan |author-link=Mehdi Hasan |work=New Statesman |title=Who's left? The top 20 US progressives |date=January 11, 2012 |access-date=October 12, 2014 |archive-date=October 17, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017163720/http://www.newstatesman.com/north-america/2012/01/barack-obama-socialist |url-status=live }}</ref> Warren was named one of [[Time (magazine)|''Time'' magazine]]'s [[Time 100|100 Most Influential People in the World]] in 2009, 2010, 2015, and 2017.<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Elizabeth Warren: The World's 100 Most Influential People |first=Kamala |last=Harris |date=2017 |url=https://time.com/collection/2017-time-100/4736325/elizabeth-warren/ |access-date=September 23, 2020 |magazine=Time |language=en-us |archive-date=September 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924050636/https://time.com/collection/2017-time-100/4736325/elizabeth-warren/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |title=Elizabeth Warren |last=Marshall |first=Josh |author-link=Josh Marshall |url=https://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1894410_1893847_1893842,00.html |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=June 3, 2009 |date=April 30, 2009 |archive-date=December 3, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203014822/http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1894410_1893847_1893842,00.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |title=Elizabeth Warren |last=Bair |first=Sheila |author-link=Sheila Bair |url=https://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1984685_1984745_1984767,00.html |magazine=Time |access-date=June 4, 2010 |date=April 29, 2010 |archive-date=October 5, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005045132/http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1984685_1984745_1984767,00.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/completelist/0,29569,1984685,00.html|title=The 2010 Time 100|magazine=Time|access-date=December 31, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0040-781X|archive-date=July 3, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703021915/http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/completelist/0%2C29569%2C1984685%2C00.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://time.com/collection/2015-time-100/|title=These Are The 100 Most Influential People In The World|magazine=Time|access-date=December 31, 2018|archive-date=August 27, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827202730/http://time.com/collection/2015-time-100/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2018, the [[Women's History Month]] theme in the United States was "Nevertheless, She Persisted: Honoring Women Who Fight All Forms of Discrimination Against Women", referring to McConnell's remark about Warren.<ref>{{cite web|first1=Debbie|last1=Lord|url=https://www.kiro7.com/news/trending-now/national-womens-history-month-what-is-it-when-did-it-begin-who-is-being-honored-this-year-1/706593423|title=National Women's History Month: What is it, when did it begin, who is being honored this year?|date=February 24, 2018|website=KIRO 7|access-date=January 12, 2019|archive-date=March 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190319084803/https://www.kiro7.com/news/trending-now/national-womens-history-month-what-is-it-when-did-it-begin-who-is-being-honored-this-year-1/706593423|url-status=live}}</ref> ==In popular culture== * Warren has appeared in the [[documentary film]]s ''[[Maxed Out]]'' (2007), [[Michael Moore]]'s ''[[Capitalism: A Love Story]]'' (2009), ''[[Heist: Who Stole the American Dream?]]'' (2011), and ''[[Makers: Women Who Make America]]'' (2013).<ref name="Rose">{{cite news|url=http://www.charlierose.com/view/interview/10292|title=Elizabeth Warren on Charlie Rose|date=May 11, 2009|website=Charlie Rose|last1=Rose|first1=Charlie|last2=Warren|first2=Elizabeth|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024160355/http://www.charlierose.com/view/interview/10292|archive-date=October 24, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Variety">{{cite news|last=Harvey|first=Dennis|title=Heist: Who Stole the American Dream? And How We Can Get It Back|url=https://variety.com/2011/film/reviews/heist-who-stole-the-american-dream-and-how-we-can-get-it-back-1117946398/|work=Variety|date=October 20, 2011|access-date=October 8, 2019|archive-date=October 8, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191008154027/https://variety.com/2011/film/reviews/heist-who-stole-the-american-dream-and-how-we-can-get-it-back-1117946398/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.makers.com/elizabeth-warren|title=Makers Profile: Elizabeth Warren|website=Makers|access-date=November 25, 2014|archive-date=June 26, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170626220525/http://www.makers.com/elizabeth-warren|url-status=live}}</ref> * In 2017, [[Kate McKinnon]] played Warren on ''[[Saturday Night Live]]''. McKinnon continued her impression of Warren in 2019 and 2020, during the [[2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/arts/television/2017/02/12/senator-elizabeth-warren-targeted-saturday-night-live/B57dICw31eAlwmxC38VosK/story.html |first=Sean |last=Smyth |title=Senator Elizabeth Warren targeted by 'Saturday Night Live' |newspaper=[[The Boston Globe]] |date=February 12, 2017 |access-date=March 8, 2017 |archive-date=February 14, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214164718/http://www.bostonglobe.com/arts/television/2017/02/12/senator-elizabeth-warren-targeted-saturday-night-live/B57dICw31eAlwmxC38VosK/story.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2019/10/saturday-night-live-elizabeth-warren-town-hall|title=Saturday Night Live: Bow Down to Kate McKinnon's Elizabeth Warren|date=October 13, 2019|publisher=Vanity Fair|last=Valby|first=Karen|access-date=October 30, 2019|archive-date=October 15, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015101531/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2019/10/saturday-night-live-elizabeth-warren-town-hall|url-status=live}}</ref> On the March 7, 2020, episode, Warren appeared as herself in the [[cold open]] alongside McKinnon's impression of her, and together they [[Live from New York, it's Saturday Night!|opened the show]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/08/arts/television/snl-daniel-craig-elizabeth-warren-weeknd.html|title=Daniel Craig Hosts 'S.N.L.,' but Elizabeth Warren Steals the Show|date=March 8, 2020|work=[[The New York Times]]|last=Itzkoff|first=Dave|access-date=March 17, 2020|archive-date=March 17, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317165224/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/08/arts/television/snl-daniel-craig-elizabeth-warren-weeknd.html| issn=0362-4331 |eissn=1553-8095 |oclc=1645522 |url-status=live}}</ref> * In 2019, Warren wrote the entry on [[Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez]] for that year's [[Time 100|''Time'' 100]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://time.com/collection/100-most-influential-people-2019/5567752/alexandria-ocasio-cortez/ |first=Elizabeth |last=Warren |title=Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez is on the 2019 TIME 100 List |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |year=2019 |access-date=April 17, 2019 |archive-date=April 17, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417112232/http://time.com/collection/100-most-influential-people-2019/5567752/alexandria-ocasio-cortez/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * Warren's popularity is the basis of a wide array of [[merchandise]] sold in her name, much of which incorporates [[Mitch McConnell]]'s remark "[[Nevertheless, she persisted]]",<ref>{{cite news|title=Inside the Elizabeth Warren merchandising empire|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2017/08/13/inside-elizabeth-warren-merchandising-industry-241577|first=Lauren|last=Dezenski|access-date=August 13, 2017|work=[[Politico]]|date=August 13, 2017|archive-date=August 13, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813142600/http://www.politico.com/story/2017/08/13/inside-elizabeth-warren-merchandising-industry-241577|url-status=live}}</ref> including an [[action figure]] of Warren.<ref>{{cite news |last=Guerra |first=Cristela |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/2017/06/05/will-elizabeth-warren-get-action-figure/OJ6Ar6hs04QGXP5pHdkwVP/story.html |title=Will Elizabeth Warren get an action figure? |newspaper=[[The Boston Globe]] |date=June 5, 2017 |access-date=June 6, 2017 |archive-date=June 6, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606003329/http://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/2017/06/05/will-elizabeth-warren-get-action-figure/OJ6Ar6hs04QGXP5pHdkwVP/story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> * Musician [[Jonathan Mann (musician)|Jonathan Mann]] has written songs about Warren, including "She Persisted".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ZRHhAefPaA|title=She Persisted|via=YouTube|last1=Mann|first1=Jonathon|date=February 8, 2017|access-date=September 16, 2017|archive-date=August 12, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812121350/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ZRHhAefPaA&gl=US&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l7QGaNnB9SM|title=Where Are You Elizabeth Warren|via=YouTube|last1=Mann|first1=Jonathon|date=February 29, 2016|access-date=September 16, 2017|archive-date=August 12, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812121349/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l7QGaNnB9SM&gl=US&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Political influence and protégés== ===Influence on national politics=== Warren has been described as a national "liberal standard-bearer"<ref>Multiple sources: *{{cite web |last1=Fandos |first1=Nicholas |title=Jamaal Bowman Lands Endorsement From Elizabeth Warren |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/06/06/us/politics/jamaal-bowman-elizabeth-warren.html |website=The New York Times |access-date=June 10, 2024 |date=June 6, 2024}} *{{cite web |title=Senator Elizabeth Warren Endorses Joe Biden For President |url=https://variety.com/2020/tv/news/elizabeth-warren-endorse-joe-biden-president-1234581057/ |website=Variety |access-date=June 10, 2024 |date=April 15, 2020}}</ref> as well as a "standard-bearer" for progressivism.<ref>Multiple sources: *{{cite web |last1=Relman |first1=Shayanne Gal, Eliza |title=Bernie Sanders and Elizabeth Warren are the 2020 progressive standard-bearers. Here's where they disagree on policy |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/where-bernie-sanders-elizabeth-warren-disagree-on-progressive-policy-2019-11 |website=Business Insider |access-date=June 10, 2024 |date=November 16, 2019}} *{{cite magazine |last1=Frizell |first1=Sam |title=Elizabeth Warren Wants You to Run For Office |url=https://time.com/3978148/elizabeth-warren-down-ballot-races/ |magazine=Time |access-date=June 10, 2024 |language=en |date=July 30, 2015}}</ref> In his 2024 book ''The Rebels: Elizabeth Warren, Bernie Sanders, Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, and the Struggle for a New American Politics'', Joshua Green cites Warren as a major figure in shaping the Democratic Party's embrace of more leftward politics in the dozen years after the Great Recession. Green considers Warren to have demonstrated "a new way" approach in national politics, whereby politicians engage in "big, loud, messy fights that offered moral clarity and galvanized public sentiment behind a position." He credited this approach for enabling Warren to "take on her own party".<ref name="Stern">{{cite magazine |last1=Stern |first1=Scott W. |title=The Socialist Moment Hasn't Passed. It's Yet to Come. |url=https://newrepublic.com/article/178135/populist-left-much-bigger-aoc-sanders-warren |magazine=The New Republic |access-date=June 10, 2024 |date=February 5, 2024}}</ref> Warren herself had previously boasted about being a "thorn" to the Obama administration, taking pride in her willingness to be combative with the administration's major economic officials and occasionally voice public disagreement with Obama's positions.<ref name="influencerises">{{cite web |last1=Bidgood |first1=Jess |title=Elizabeth Warren's influence in Washington rises as allies take Biden administration posts |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/2021/02/06/nation/warrens-influence-washington-rises-allies-take-biden-administration-posts |website=The Boston Globe |access-date=June 11, 2024 |date=February 6, 2021}}</ref> Fellow journalist [[Brian Stelter]] concurred with Green's analysis that Warren (as well as Bernie Sanders and Alexandria Ocasio–Cortez) had "helped lead an economic 'backlash' to the [[2008 financial crisis]] that pulled the <nowiki>[Democratic]</nowiki> party leftward."<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Stelter |first1=Brian |title="Where Is the Party Heading?": Inside the Populist Awakening of Bernie, Warren, and AOC |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/where-is-the-party-heading-inside-the-populist-awakening-of-bernie-warren-and-aoc |magazine=Vanity Fair |access-date=June 10, 2024 |date=January 11, 2024}}</ref> After the 2016 election of Donald Trump placed the national Democratic Party in a political wilderness as both the opposition to the president and the minority party in both chambers of the Congress, many commenters saw Warren as one of the de facto leading figures in a party that lacked a clear singular post-Obama leader.<ref>Multiple Sources: *{{cite web |last1=Siddiqui |first1=Sabrina |last2=Gambino |first2=Lauren |title='She persisted': Elizabeth Warren cements spot as Trump's opposition |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/feb/08/elizabeth-warren-she-persisted-trump-opposition-senate-republicans |website=The Guardian |access-date=June 10, 2024 |date=February 8, 2017}} *{{cite web |last1=Traister |first1=Rebecca |title=Elizabeth Warren Is Waging a Full-Body Fight to Defeat Trump |url=https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2018/07/elizabeth-warren-fight-to-defeat-trump.html |website=Intelligencer |access-date=June 10, 2024 |language=en |date=July 22, 2018}} *{{cite web |last1=Dovere |first1=Edward Isaac |title=Democrats in the Wilderness |url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/01/democrats-trump-administration-wilderness-comeback-revival-214650/ |website=Politico |access-date=June 10, 2024 |date=January–February 2017}} *{{cite magazine |last1=Frizell |first1=Sam |title=How Elizabeth Warren Turned a Tattoo Into a Governing Mantra |url=https://time.com/4788505/elizabeth-warren-2020-democrats/ |magazine=Time |access-date=June 10, 2024 |language=en |date=May 22, 2017}}</ref> Columnists such as Perry Bacon Jr. of ''The Washington Post'' have written that ideas Warren promoted during her presidential campaign have had some influence on the Biden administration's agenda.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jr. |first1=Perry Bacon |title=Opinion {{!}} Joe Biden is in the Oval Office. So are Elizabeth Warren's ideas. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2022/12/29/elizabeth-warren-ideas-biden-presidency |newspaper=Washington Post |access-date=June 11, 2024 |date=December 29, 2022}}</ref> In February 2021, Jeff Bridgood observed that the administration appeared more receptive to Warren's input than the Obama administration had been, reflecting how the party had become more in line with her political philosophy than it had been when she first rose to political prominence.<ref name="influencerises"/> During the Biden administration, Warren has continued to be a prominent voice within her party.<ref name="McCammondCai">{{cite web |last1=McCammond |first1=Alex |last2=Cai |first2=Sophia |title=Elizabeth Warren grabs center stage |url=https://www.axios.com/2022/05/10/elizabeth-warren-eclipses-biden-endorsements |website=Axios |access-date=June 11, 2024 |date=May 9, 2022}}</ref> ===Protégés=== Warren has mentored several people who have gone on to hold notable political office. U.S. Representative [[Katie Porter]], a former law student of hers, is considered her protégée.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Marans |first1=Daniel |title=Katie Porter, Elizabeth Warren's Protégé, Wins Southern California House Race |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/democrat-katie-porter-wins-california-orange-county_n_5bdf7f2ee4b09d43e3200975 |website=HuffPost |access-date=October 4, 2021 |language=en |date=November 15, 2018}}</ref> Porter co-chaired Warren's presidential campaign.<ref>{{cite web |last1 = Kahn | first1 = Mattie |title=What Elizabeth Warren's Campaign Cochairs Have Learned on the Trail |url=https://www.glamour.com/story/elizabeth-warren-campaign-co-chairs-interview| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305175540/https://www.glamour.com/story/elizabeth-warren-campaign-co-chairs-interview | archive-date = March 5, 2020 |website=Glamour |access-date=June 20, 2022 |date=February 11, 2020}}</ref> Another of Warren's political protégées is [[Michelle Wu]] ([[mayor of Boston]]), who was a law student of hers and worked on her 2012 Senate campaign before running for Boston City Council herself in 2013.<ref>Multiple sources: *{{cite news |last=Valencia |first=Milton J. |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2019/06/30/michelle-says-boston-ready-for-change-but-boston-ready-for-michelle/6ayPte0oomtlOXq2TBzpZN/story.html |title=Michelle Wu says Boston is ready for change. But is Boston ready for Michelle Wu? |work=[[The Boston Globe]] |date=July 1, 2019 |access-date=July 1, 2019 }} *{{cite web |last1=Barry |first1=Ellen |title=Andrea Campbell, the first Black woman to serve as Boston's City Council president, jumps into the mayor's race. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/24/us/politics/andrea-campbell-the-first-black-woman-to-serve-as-bostons-city-council-president-jumps-into-the-mayors-race.html |website=The New York Times | issn=0362-4331 |eissn=1553-8095 |oclc=1645522 |access-date=September 9, 2021 |date=September 24, 2020}} *{{cite web |last1=Bernstein |first1=David S. |title=Insiders Pick The At-Large Elite Eight |url=https://www.bostonmagazine.com/news/2013/08/02/insiders-pick-the-at-large-elite-eight/ |website=Boston Magazine |date=August 2, 2013}}</ref> [[Suffolk County Sheriff's Department|Suffolk County Sheriff]] [[Steven W. Tompkins]] also got his start in politics working on Warren's 2012 campaign.<ref>{{cite web |title=Steve Tompkins endorses Michelle Wu for Boston mayor |url=https://www.bostonherald.com/2021/08/31/steve-tompkins-endorses-michelle-wu-for-boston-mayor/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210901070028/https://www.bostonherald.com/2021/08/31/steve-tompkins-endorses-michelle-wu-for-boston-mayor/ | archive-date=September 1, 2021 |website=Boston Herald | first= Sean Philip | last=Cotter |issn=0738-5854 | oclc=643304073 |publisher= Digital First | location=Braintree MA |access-date=October 4, 2021 |date=September 1, 2021}}</ref> During his law school studies, former U.S. Representative [[Joe Kennedy III]] considered Warren a mentor.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Goodman |first1=Jasper G. |title='More is More': Joe Kennedy III and Elizabeth Warren's Parallel Paths From Harvard Law School to Congress |url=https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2020/2/3/warren-kennedy-election-ties/ |website=The Crimson |access-date=October 4, 2021 |date=February 3, 2020}}</ref> [[Boston City Council]] president [[Ruthzee Louijeune]] has also been described as a Warren protégée<ref>{{cite web |last1=Cotter |first1=Sean Philip |title=Who advanced through the Boston City Council preliminary elections? |url=https://www.bostonherald.com/2021/09/15/who-advanced-through-the-boston-city-council-preliminary-elections |website=Boston Herald |access-date=March 8, 2024 |date=September 15, 2021}}</ref> and served as senior counsel to Warren's presidential campaign before running for city council.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Goodman |first1=Jasper |title=Elizabeth Warren endorses at-large Boston City Council candidate Ruthzee Louijeune |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/2021/06/28/metro/elizabeth-warren-endorses-at-large-boston-city-council-candidate-ruthzee-louijeune/ |website=Boston Globe |access-date=March 8, 2024 |date=September 15, 2021}}</ref> ===Influence on appointments in Democratic presidential administrations=== Warren strongly believes that "personnel is policy": that the policy of a presidency is shaped by who a president appoints to their administration.<ref name="influencerises"/><ref name="McCammondCai"/> She has influenced President Obama, 2016 Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton, and President Biden on the matter of staffing presidential administrations.<ref name="influencerises"/> ====Pressuring of Hillary Clinton before the 2016 election==== Warren discreetly engaged in an effort to shape the administration Hillary Clinton would lead if she won the 2016 election. In his 2024 book, Stern noted that after Warren (bullish on her own 2016 prospects of winning a presidential election) had declined grassroots efforts to draft her into a candidacy. Recognizing that Clinton stood of becoming the party's nominee, Warren quietly worked to influence how she might staff an administration.<ref name="Stern"/> In 2019, Alex Thompson reported in ''Politico'' on Warren's efforts ahead of the 2016 election to pressure Clinton on potential appointees. Thompson described Warren's theory on political power as "combining tough, often hyperbolic rhetoric to create leverage with quieter, hands-on, person-to-person outreach." He reported that, beginning in December 2014, Warren had discreetly "pressed Clinton to commit to not appointing Wall Street-friendly people to her administration, as Warren felt Bill Clinton and Barack Obama had done." He described this effort as a {{blockquote|Two-year campaign by Warren, her staff and outside allies to push, prod and shape the would-be Clinton administration—an effort that also included an informal blacklist of Clinton allies that Warren and outside partners would resist if nominated for jobs in the Clinton administration.<ref name="Thompson"/>}} Thompson reported that Warren had also "sent Clinton a list of people she wanted the campaign team to consult on economic policy in order to broaden their horizons", all of whom had been "critical of the Obama administration's response to the [[2008 financial crisis]], as Warren had." Thompson reported that Clinton and her political advisors gave great deference to Warren's advice, both out of concern that Warren might otherwise challenge Clinton in the primary, but also due to "Warren’s credibility among progressives and her willingness to use her [[bully pulpit]] to condemn members of her own party."<ref name="Thompson">{{cite web |last1=Thompson |first1=Alex |title=Inside the Secret List of Demands Warren Gave Hillary |url=https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2019/12/19/elizabeth-warren-hillary-clinton-economy-087346 |website=Politico |access-date=June 10, 2024 |date=December 19, 2019}}</ref> ====Biden administration==== Warren has had notable success in lobbying President Biden on certain appointments in his administration.<ref name="mostinfluentiallvoice"/> A number of Warren's acolytes have served in the Biden administration,<ref name="mostinfluentiallvoice"/><ref name="Voghtacolytes"/> including [[Bharat Ramamurti]] (a former economic policy advisor to Warren)<ref name="Voghtacolytes">{{cite web |last1=Voght |first1=Kara |title=How Elizabeth Warren's acolytes infiltrated Bidenworld |url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2021/03/how-elizabeth-warrens-acolytes-infiltrated-bidenworld/ |website=Mother Jones |access-date=October 4, 2021 |date=March 11, 2021}}</ref> and [[Sasha Baker]] (a former senate and campaign policy advisor to Warren on national security).<ref name="mostinfluentiallvoice"/><ref>Multiple sources: *{{Cite web|last=Pager|first=Tyler|date=February 6, 2017|title=Warren hires former Defense official as national security aide|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/politics/2017/02/06/elizabeth-warren-hires-former-department-defense-official-national-security-aide/ZRbgXMuLz5rQG4JYI7drsL/story.html|access-date=August 11, 2021|website=Boston Globe|language=en-US}} *{{Cite news|last=Crowley|first=Michael|date=January 8, 2021|title=Announcing National Security Council staff appointees, Biden restores the office for global health threats.|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/08/us/politics/announcing-national-security-council-staff-appointees-biden-restores-the-office-for-global-health-threats.html|access-date=August 11, 2021|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Within the first three weeks of his presidency, Biden had already named four of Warren's campaign and Senate staffers to positions in his administration, among other Warren allies and protégés.<ref name="influencerises"/> In March 2021, Kara Voght of ''[[Mother Jones (magazine)|Mother Jones]]'' wrote, "Warren has been a private but constant voice to the Biden administration on personnel decisions." That same month, Zachary Warmbrodt of ''[[Politico]]'' wrote: {{blockquote|President Joe Biden is enlisting a small army of [Warren's] former aides and allies to run his government. Warren's expanding network in the upper echelons of the administration includes protégés who helped execute her aggressive oversight of big banks and other corporations as well as friends who share her views of the risks looming on Wall Street. But it goes beyond finance, covering pivotal posts at the Department of Education and even the National Security Council. The Warren recruits mark a victory for the progressive movement, which has supported her yearslong "personnel is policy" campaign to chip away at the dominance of corporate insiders in setting policy for Democrats.<ref name="mostinfluentiallvoice">{{cite web |last1=Warmbrodt |first1=Zachary |title='Most influential voice': Warren's network spreads throughout Biden administration |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2021/03/15/elizabeth-warren-aides-biden-administration-475653 |website=Politico |access-date=8 March 2024 |date=March 15, 2021}}</ref>}} ==Books and other works== In 2004, Warren and her daughter, [[Amelia Tyagi]], wrote ''[[The Two-Income Trap: Why Middle-Class Mothers and Fathers Are Going Broke]]''. In the book they state that at that time, a fully employed worker earned less inflation-adjusted income than a fully employed worker had 30 years earlier. Although families spent less at that time on clothing, appliances, and other forms of consumption, the costs of core expenses such as [[mortgage]]s, [[health care]], [[transportation]], and [[child care]] had increased dramatically. According to the authors, the result was that even families with two income earners were no longer able to save and incurred ever greater debt.<ref>{{cite book|last=Warren|first=Elizabeth|title=All Your Worth: The Ultimate Lifetime Money Plan|year=2005|publisher=Free Press|isbn=978-0-7432-6987-2|author2=Amelia Warren Tyagi|pages=[https://archive.org/details/allyourworthulti00warr/page/1 1–12]|url=https://archive.org/details/allyourworthulti00warr/page/1}}</ref> In an article in ''The New York Times'', [[Jeff Madrick]] said of the book: {{blockquote| The authors find that it is not the free-spending young or the incapacitated elderly who are declaring bankruptcy so much as families with children ... their main thesis is undeniable. Typical families often cannot afford the high-quality education, health care, and neighborhoods required to be middle class today. More clearly than anyone else, I think, Ms. Warren and Ms. Tyagi have shown how little attention the nation and our government have paid to the way Americans really live.<ref>{{cite news |last=Madrick |first=Jeff |title=Necessities, not luxuries, are driving Americans into debt, a new book says |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/09/04/business/economic-scene-necessities-not-luxuries-are-driving-americans-into-debt-new-book.html |date=September 4, 2003 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=June 3, 2009 |archive-date=December 12, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091212182413/http://www.nytimes.com/2003/09/04/business/economic-scene-necessities-not-luxuries-are-driving-americans-into-debt-new-book.html| issn=0362-4331 |eissn=1553-8095 |oclc=1645522 |url-status=live }}</ref> }} In 2005, Warren and [[David Himmelstein]] published a study on [[bankruptcy]] and [[medical bill]]s<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Himmelstein |first1=David U. |last2=Warren |first2=Elizabeth |last3=Thorne |first3=Deborah |last4=Woolhandler |first4=Steffie J. |s2cid=43681024 |title=Illness and Injury as Contributors to Bankruptcy |journal=Health Affairs |date=February 8, 2005 |volume=Suppl Web Exclusives |pages=W5-63-W5-73 |ssrn=664565 |doi=10.2139/ssrn.664565 |pmid=15689369 }}</ref> that found that half of all families filing for bankruptcy did so in the aftermath of a serious medical problem. They say that three-quarters of such families had [[medical insurance]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Warren |first=Elizabeth |title=Sick and Broke |date=February 9, 2005 |page=A23 |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A9447-2005Feb8.html |access-date=September 21, 2019 |archive-date=September 21, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190921211612/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A9447-2005Feb8.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The study was widely cited in [[policy debate]]s, but some have challenged its methods and offered alternative interpretations of the data, suggesting that only 17% of bankruptcies are directly attributable to medical expenses.<ref>{{cite news |last=Langer |first=Gary |title=Medical Bankruptcies: A Data-Check |date=March 5, 2009 |url=http://blogs.abcnews.com/thenumbers/2009/03/medical-bankrup.html |series=The Numbers blog |website=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] |access-date=June 5, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090609190828/http://blogs.abcnews.com/thenumbers/2009/03/medical-bankrup.html |archive-date=June 9, 2009 }}</ref> [[Henry Holt and Company|Metropolitan Books]] published Warren's book ''[[A Fighting Chance (memoir)|A Fighting Chance]]'' in April 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://afightingchancebook.com|title=A Fighting Chance By Elizabeth Warren|website=(book official website)|access-date=January 1, 2019|archive-date=July 22, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240722063742/https://www.afightingchancebook.com/|url-status=live}}</ref> According to a ''Boston Globe'' review, "the book's title refers to a time she says is now gone, when even families of modest means who worked hard and played by the rules had at a fair shot at the American dream."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/arts/books/2014/04/21/book-review-fighting-chance-elizabeth-warren/0ylVz9NXKr4ViGGi277ZYN/story.html |title=Book review: 'A Fighting Chance' by Elizabeth Warren |last=Jonas |first=Michael |date=April 21, 2014 |newspaper=[[The Boston Globe]] |access-date=September 21, 2019 |archive-date=August 13, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190813214001/https://www.bostonglobe.com/arts/books/2014/04/21/book-review-fighting-chance-elizabeth-warren/0ylVz9NXKr4ViGGi277ZYN/story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In April 2017, Warren published her 11th book,<ref name = eleven>{{cite news |date=April 18, 2017 |first=Hillel |last=Italie |title=US Sen. Elizabeth Warren launches book tour |access-date=November 16, 2017 |website=[[The Seattle Times]] |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/nation-politics/us-sen-elizabeth-warren-launches-book-tour/ |archive-date=November 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117123241/https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/nation-politics/us-sen-elizabeth-warren-launches-book-tour/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[This Fight Is Our Fight|This Fight Is Our Fight: The Battle to Save America's Middle Class]]'', in which she explores the plight of the American middle class and argues that the federal government needs to do more to help working families with stronger social programs and increased investment in education.<ref>{{cite news |last=Krugman |first=Paul |author-link=Paul Krugman |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/18/books/review/this-fight-is-our-fight-elizabeth-warren.html |title=Elizabeth Warren Lays Out the Reasons Democrats Should Keep Fighting |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=April 18, 2017 |access-date=May 4, 2017 |archive-date=May 7, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170507063906/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/18/books/review/this-fight-is-our-fight-elizabeth-warren.html| issn=0362-4331 |eissn=1553-8095 |oclc=1645522 |url-status=live }}</ref> ;Publications {{Col-begin}} {{Col-2}} ;Selected articles * {{cite journal |jstor=1599826 |pages=775–814 |last1=Warren |first1=Elizabeth |title=Bankruptcy Policy |journal=The University of Chicago Law Review |volume=54 |issue=3 |year=1987|doi=10.2307/1599826 }} * {{cite journal |jstor=796843 |pages=437–479 |last1=Warren |first1=Elizabeth |title=The Untenable Case for Repeal of Chapter 11 |volume=102 |issue=2 |journal=The Yale Law Journal |year=1992|doi=10.2307/796843 |url=https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=7461&context=ylj }} * {{cite journal |jstor=1289668 |pages=336–387 |last1=Warren |first1=Elizabeth |title=Bankruptcy Policymaking in an Imperfect World |volume=92 |issue=2 |journal=Michigan Law Review |year=1993|doi=10.2307/1289668 |url=https://repository.law.umich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3192&context=mlr |url-access=subscription }} * {{cite journal |first=Elizabeth |last=Warren |title=Principled Approach to Consumer Bankruptcy |year=1997 |volume=71 |journal=American Bankruptcy Law Journal |page=483 |url=http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals/ambank71&div=25&id=&page= }} * {{cite journal |first=Elizabeth |last=Warren |title=The Bankruptcy Crisis |date=Fall 1998 |volume=73 |issue=4 |journal=[[Indiana Law Journal]] |page=1079 |url=http://ilj.law.indiana.edu/articles/73/73_4_Warren.pdf }} * {{cite journal |title=Financial Characteristics of Businesses in Bankruptcy |date=January 2000 |volume=73 |journal=American Bankruptcy Law Journal |page=499 |ssrn=194750 |doi=10.2139/ssrn.194750 |last1=Warren |first1=Elizabeth |last2=Westbrook |first2=Jay Lawrence |s2cid=152694691 |author-link2=Jay Westbrook }} * {{cite journal |pmid=15689369 |year=2005 |last1=Himmelstein |first1=David U. |author-link1=David Himmelstein |last2=Warren |first2=Elizabeth |last3=Thorne |first3=Deborah |last4=Woolhandler |first4=Steffie J. |s2cid=73034397 |author-link4=Steffie Woolhandler |title=Illness and injury as contributors to bankruptcy |volume=Suppl Web Exclusives |pages=W5–63–W5–73 |doi=10.1377/hlthaff.w5.63 |journal=Health Affairs}} * {{cite book |first=Elizabeth |last=Warren |editor1-last=Edwards |editor1-first=John |editor1-link=John Edwards |editor2-first=Marion |editor2-last=Crane |editor3-first=Arne L. |editor3-last=Kalleberg |editor3-link=Arne L. Kalleberg |title=Ending Poverty in America: How to Restore the American Dream |chapter=The Vanishing Middle Class |page=[https://archive.org/details/endingpovertyina00edwarich/page/38 38–54] |publisher=[[The New Press]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-59558-176-1 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/endingpovertyina00edwarich |url=https://archive.org/details/endingpovertyina00edwarich/page/38 }} * {{cite journal |pmid=19501347 |year=2009 |last1=Himmelstein |first1=David U. |last2=Thorne |first2=Deborah |last3=Warren |first3=Elizabeth |last4=Woolhandler |first4=Steffie |title=Medical bankruptcy in the United States, 2007: Results of a national study |volume=122 |issue=8 |pages=741–746 |doi=10.1016/j.amjmed.2009.04.012 |journal=The American Journal of Medicine |s2cid=25720725 |url=http://www.amjmed.com/article/S0002-9343%2809%2900404-5/fulltext|url-access=subscription }} {{Col-2}} ; Books * {{cite book |title=As We Forgive Our Debtors: Bankruptcy and Consumer Credit in America |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=1989 |isbn=978-0-19-505578-8 |url=https://archive.org/details/asweforgiveourde00sull }} (with [[Teresa A. Sullivan]] and [[Jay Westbrook]]) * {{cite book|title=The Fragile Middle Class: Americans in Debt |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-300-09171-7}} (with Teresa A. Sullivan and Jay Westbrook) * {{cite book |title=The Two-Income Trap: Why Middle-Class Parents are Going Broke |publisher=[[Basic Books]] |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-465-09090-7|title-link=The Two-Income Trap: Why Middle-Class Parents are Going Broke }} (with Amelia Warren Tyagi) * {{cite book |title=All Your Worth: The Ultimate Lifetime Money Plan |publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]] |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-7432-6988-9 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/allyourworthulti00warr }} (with Amelia Warren Tyagi) * {{cite book |title=Casenote Legal Briefs: Commercial Law |publisher=Aspen Publishers |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-7355-5827-4 }} (with [[Lynn M. LoPucki]], Daniel Keating, Ronald Mann, and Normal Goldenberg) * {{cite book |title=The Law of Debtors and Creditors: Text, Cases, and Problems |edition=6th |publisher=[[Aspen Publishers]] |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-7355-7626-1}} (with Jay Westbrook) * {{cite book |title=Chapter 11: Reorganizing American Businesses (Essentials) |publisher=Aspen Publishers |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-7355-7654-4}} * {{cite book |title=Secured Credit: A Systems Approach |publisher=[[Wolters Kluwer]] |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-7355-7649-0}} (with [[Lynn M. LoPucki]]) * {{cite book |title=A Fighting Chance |publisher=Metropolitan Books |year=2014 |isbn=978-1627790529|title-link=A Fighting Chance (memoir) }} * {{cite book |title=This Fight Is Our Fight: The Battle to Save America's Middle Class |publisher=Metropolitan Books |year= 2017 |isbn=978-1250120618|title-link=This Fight Is Our Fight: The Battle to Save America's Middle Class (memoir) }} * {{cite book |title=Pinkie Promises|publisher=Macmillan |year= 2021 |isbn=9781250801029 |url=https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781250801029/pinkiepromises}} * {{cite book |title=Persist |publisher=Metropolitan Books |year= 2021 |isbn=9781250799241|title-link= }} {{Col-end}} ==See also== * [[List of people who received an electoral vote in the United States Electoral College]] * [[Progressivism in the United States]] * [[Women in the United States Senate]] ==References== {{Reflist|refs=<ref name=JimsFullName>{{cite news |title=Elizabeth Herring / James Warren Wedding Announcement |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/35925342/elizabeth_warren_marriage/ |website=The Daily Oklahoman |pages=77 |date=October 13, 1968 |access-date=January 25, 2020 |archive-date=January 25, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200125052039/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/35925342/elizabeth_warren_marriage/ |url-status=live }}</ref>}} ==Further reading== {{Library resources box|about=yes|by=no}} * {{cite magazine |last=Lizza |first=Ryan |date=May 4, 2015 |title=The virtual candidate: Elizabeth Warren isn't running, but she's Hillary Clinton's biggest Democratic threat |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/05/04/the-virtual-candidate |department=Profiles |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |volume=91 |issue=11 |pages=34–45 |access-date=July 1, 2015}} * {{cite web |last=Lopez |first=Linette |date=July 11, 2013 |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/warren-bill-to-bring-back-glass-steagall-2013-7 |title=Elizabeth Warren Introducing a Bill That Would Be Wall Street's Worst Nightmare |work=[[Business Insider]] |access-date=September 21, 2019}} ==External links== {{Sister project links|wikt=no|b=no|commons=Category:Elizabeth Warren|v=no |d=Q434706}} * [https://www.warren.senate.gov/ U.S. Senate website] * [https://www.elizabethwarren.com/ Campaign website] {{CongLinks |congbio=W000817 |fec=S2MA00170 |congress=elizabeth-warren/2182|votesmart=141272}} * {{C-SPAN|1023023}} * {{NYT topic|people/w/elizabeth_warren}} * [https://www.politifact.com/personalities/elizabeth-warren/ Elizabeth Warren's file] at [[PolitiFact]] {{s-start}} {{s-gov}} {{s-new | office}} {{s-ttl|title=Chair of the [[Congressional Oversight Panel]]|years=2008–2010}} {{s-aft|after=[[Ted Kaufman]]}} |- {{s-new | office}} {{s-ttl|title=Special Advisor for the [[Consumer Financial Protection Bureau]]|years=2010–2011}} {{s-aft|after=[[Raj Date]]}} |- {{s-ppo}} {{s-bef|before=[[Martha Coakley]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] nominee for [[List of United States senators from Massachusetts|U.S. Senator]] from [[Massachusetts]]<br />([[Classes of United States senators|Class 1]])|years=[[2012 United States Senate election in Massachusetts|2012]], [[2018 United States Senate election in Massachusetts|2018]], [[2024 United States Senate election in Massachusetts|2024]]}} {{s-inc|recent}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Julian Castro]]}} {{s-ttl|title=Keynote Speaker of the [[Democratic National Convention]]|years=[[2016 Democratic National Convention|2016]]}} {{s-aft|after=[[Stacey Abrams]], [[Raumesh Akbari]], [[Colin Allred]], [[Brendan Boyle]], [[Yvanna Cancela]], [[Kathleen Clyde]], [[Nikki Fried]], [[Robert Garcia (California congressman)|Robert Garcia]], [[Malcolm Kenyatta]], [[Marlon Kimpson]], [[Conor Lamb]], [[Mari Manoogian]], [[Victoria Neave]], [[Jonathan Nez]], [[Sam Park]], [[Denny Ruprecht]], [[Randall Woodfin]]}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Chuck Schumer]]}} {{s-ttl|title=Vice Chair of the [[Democratic Caucus of the United States Senate|Senate Democratic Conference]]|years=2017–present|alongside=[[Mark Warner]]}} {{s-inc}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Scott Brown (politician)|Scott Brown]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[List of United States senators from Massachusetts|U.S. Senator (Class 1) from Massachusetts]]|years=2013–present|alongside=[[John Kerry]], [[Mo Cowan]], [[Ed Markey]]}} {{s-inc}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Tim Scott]]}} {{s-ttl|title=Ranking Member of the [[United States Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs|Senate Banking Committee]]|years=2025–present}} {{s-inc}} |- {{s-prec|usa}} {{s-bef|before=[[Chris Murphy]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[United States order of precedence|Order of precedence of the United States]]<br>''{{small|as United States Senator}}''|years=}} {{s-aft|after=[[Tim Scott]]}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Ted Cruz]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Seniority in the United States Senate|United States senators by seniority]]|years=43rd}} {{s-aft|after=[[Deb Fischer]]}} {{s-end}} {{Elizabeth Warren}} {{Navboxes |title=Articles related 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