Editing Emanuel R. Piore

{{Short description|Lithuanian scientist (1908–2000)}}
'''Emanuel (Mannie) Ruben Piore''' (19 July 1908 &ndash; 9 May 2000) was a scientist and a manager of industrial research.<ref name="nyt">{{citation|title=Emanuel Piore, 91, Leader And Researcher at I.B.M.|journal=[[The New York Times]]|first=Wolfgang|last=Saxon|date=May 12, 2000|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/05/12/us/emanuel-piore-91-leader-and-researcher-at-ibm.html}}.</ref>

Piore was born on 19 July 1908 in [[Vilnius]], [[Lithuania]] to a Jewish family.  In 1917, his family moved to the [[United States]], and  in 1924, Emanuel Piore became a [[naturalized citizen]] of the United States.

Piore obtained an undergraduate and a [[PhD]] degree in [[physics]], both from the [[University of Wisconsin–Madison]]. He worked at the [[Radio Corporation of America]], the [[US Navy]] (where he became the first civilian to head the [[Office of Naval Research]]) and, subsequently, the [[Avco Manufacturing Corporation]], before being hired as the first Director of Research of [[IBM]].

Under his direction, the architect [[Eero Saarinen]] designed and build the IBM [[Thomas J. Watson Research Center]] at [[Yorktown Heights, New York|Yorktown Heights]], [[New York (state)|New York]]. As Director of Research at IBM he encouraged basic research and the building up of a [[patent portfolio]].  He also established the [[IBM Fellow]] program, which allowed top researchers to pursue their own interests for a period of time. He was promoted to vice president and group executive, and Chief Scientist and served IBM as a member of the board of directors and of the advisory committee to the board. In 1967, his leadership at IBM was recognized by the [[Industrial Research Institute]] when it awarded him the illustrious [[IRI Medal]].

In 1976, the [[IEEE]] established the [[IEEE Emanuel R. Piore Award]], for "outstanding achievement in the field of information processing". Piore was an elected member of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]], the United States [[National Academy of Sciences]], and the [[American Philosophical Society]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Emanuel Ruben Piore |url=https://www.amacad.org/person/emanuel-ruben-piore |access-date=2022-09-23 |website=American Academy of Arts & Sciences |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=E. R. Piore |url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/deceased-members/51623.html |access-date=2022-09-23 |website=www.nasonline.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=APS Member History |url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Emanuel+R.+Piore&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced |access-date=2022-09-23 |website=search.amphilsoc.org}}</ref> His daughter, [[Jane Piore Gilman]],<ref name="nyt"/> is a distinguished professor of mathematics at [[Rutgers University]].  His son, [[Michael J. Piore]] is a professor of economics and political science at the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]].

==References==
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==Further reading==
* Herman H. Goldstine and Ralph E. Gomory. [http://www.aps-pub.com/proceedings/1453/310.pdf Biographical Memoirs: Emanual Ruben Piore]. ''Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society'' 145(3):359&ndash;363, September 2001. 
* Eli Ginsberg, editor. ''Science and Academic Life in Transition: Emanuel Piore''. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers, Rutgers—The State University, 1990.

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Piore, Emanuel}}
[[Category:1908 births]]
[[Category:2000 deaths]]
[[Category:Emigrants from the Russian Empire to the United States]]
[[Category:University of Wisconsin–Madison College of Letters and Science alumni]]
[[Category:IBM Fellows]]
[[Category:Fellows of the American Physical Society]]
[[Category:Members of the American Philosophical Society]]
[[Category:Jewish scientists]]