Editing Emerald Triangle

{{short description|Cannabis-growing region of northern California, USA}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name = Emerald Triangle
|settlement_type = [[List of regions of the United States|Region]] of [[California]]
|image_map = Emerald Triangle.png
|map_caption = Map of the Emerald Triangle
|coordinates = {{coord|40.0|-123.5|type:landmark_region:US-CA_dim:300000|display=inline,title}}
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = United States
|subdivision_type1 = State
|subdivision_name1 = California
|subdivision_type2 = Counties
|subdivision_name2 = [[Mendocino County, California|Mendocino County]], [[Humboldt County, California|Humboldt County]], [[Trinity County, California|Trinity County]]
|parts_type = Largest city
|parts = Eureka
| unit_pref = US
| area_land_sq_mi = 10253.58
| population_as_of = [[2010 United States Census|April 1, 2010]]
| population_footnotes = <ref name="USCensusEst2016">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2016 Estimates|access-date=April 27, 2017}}</ref>
| population_total = 236250
| pop_est_as_of = 2019
| pop_est_footnotes = <ref name="USCensusEst2018">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2018.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|access-date=December 3, 2019}}</ref>
| population_est = 234592
| population_density_sq_mi = 23
}}

The '''Emerald Triangle''' is a region in [[Northern California]] that derives its name from being the largest [[cannabis (drug)|cannabis]]-producing region in the United States. The region includes three counties in an upside-down triangular configuration: 
*[[Humboldt County, California|Humboldt County]], on the coast
*[[Trinity County, California|Trinity County]], inland
*[[Mendocino County, California|Mendocino County]], to the south

Growers have been cultivating [[cannabis|''Cannabis'' plant]]s in this region since the 1960s, during [[San Francisco]]'s [[Summer of Love]]. Growing cannabis in the Emerald Triangle is considered a way of life, and the locals believe that everyone living in this region is either directly or indirectly reliant on the cannabis industry.<ref name="ABC_2010">{{cite web|last=Ferran|first=Lee|title=Legal Pot: Death of the Emerald Triangle? |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/TheLaw/emerald-triangle-marijuana-legalization-destroy-americas-cannabis-capital/story?id=11302182 |publisher=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] |date=August 1, 2010}}</ref> The industry exploded in the region with the passage of [[California Proposition 215 (1996)]], which legalized the use of [[medical cannabis|cannabis for medicinal purposes]] in California.<ref>{{cite web|last=Regan|first=Trish|title=Pot growers thrive in Northern California|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/28354324/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130203130327/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/28354324 |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 3, 2013 |publisher=CNBC |date=January 22, 2009}}</ref> The passage of [[Adult Use of Marijuana Act|Proposition 64]] in 2016 legalized the general sale and distribution of cannabis.

==History==
{{Further|Cannabis in California}}
When growing cannabis was illegal, this area was attractive due to its remoteness and limited law enforcement capabilities. The area has developed a reputation for cannabis with exceptionally good flavor and cannabinoid profiles.<ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Roberts|first=Chris|date=September 10, 2020|title=Why No Cash Crop Is More Vulnerable To California Wildfires Than Cannabis|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/chrisroberts/2020/09/10/why-no-cash-crop-is-more-vulnerable-to-california-wildfires-than-cannabis/|access-date=2020-09-12|magazine=Forbes|language=en}}</ref>

In 1984, Humboldt residents filed a federal lawsuit claiming they had been subject to illegal surveillance by [[Lockheed U-2|U-2 high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft]] deployed by the California-based multiagency task force started the year prior, the [[Campaign Against Marijuana Planting]].<ref>{{citation|title=Marijuana raids angering retirees|author=Carole Rafferty|date=June 10, 1984|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/06/10/us/marijuana-raids-angering-retirees.html}}</ref>

As of 2023, Humboldt County has the largest cannabis farming industry in the Emerald Triangle. While the largest legal pot farm in the county was {{convert|8 |acres}}, a 2021 survey found the median pot farm size to be {{convert|0.09 |ha||order=flip}}.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Black |first=Lester |date=August 21, 2023 |title=Critics warn 'Karen initiative' could wipe out Calif. pot farms |work=SFGate |url=https://www.sfgate.com/cannabis/article/humboldt-county-initiative-cannabis-farms-18299312.php}}</ref>

==Population==
The total population in the Emerald Triangle is 236,250 according to the 2010 census.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Emerald Triangle: Ground Zero for Marijuana |url=http://www.medicalmarijuanablog.com/california/the-emerald-triangle-055.html |date=April 8, 2010 |publisher=Medical Marijuana Blog |access-date=September 28, 2011 |archive-date=September 25, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110925161853/http://www.medicalmarijuanablog.com/california/the-emerald-triangle-055.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The majority of the population is widely spread throughout the woody hills and mountains that make up the area. With an area of 11,138 square miles, the Emerald Triangle population density is 21/mi<sup>2</sup>.<!-- analysis allowed per [[WP:CALC]] -->

In this sparsely populated region, the largest urban area is the city of [[Eureka, California|Eureka]] in Humboldt County with a population approaching 27,000 people. The second and third largest cities, by far larger than any other cities in the region, are [[Arcata, California|Arcata]] (also in Humboldt), with 17,231 people, and [[Ukiah, California|Ukiah]] (in Mendocino), with 16,075 people.<ref name="ABC_2010"/><ref name="CC_2007">{{cite web|last=Mahar|first=Josh|title=Cascadian Communities: The Emerald Triangle |url=http://cascadiarising.blogspot.com/2007/11/cascadian-communities-emerald-triangle_26.html|date=November 26, 2007 |publisher=Cascadia Rising (blog)}}</ref>

==Environmental concerns==

There is an environmental impact from outdoor cannabis production in the Emerald Triangle, which is largely unregulated. These effects include illegal damming, diversion and taking of water from streams (especially during summer), and also [[pesticide]]-laden runoff into streams, all of which may degrade critical salmon [[fisheries]].<ref>{{citation|title=Pot raids uncover "egregious" environmental damage in Emerald Triangle|newspaper=[[The Press Democrat]]|location=Santa Rosa, California|date=June 26, 2015|author=Glenda Anderson|url=http://www.pressdemocrat.com/news/4117382-181/pot-raids-uncover-egregious-environmental?gallery=4133794}}</ref><ref>{{citation|publisher=Associated Press|via=Spokesman-Review|title=Biologists: Marijuana industry a threat to salmon|date=October 1, 2014|author=Jeff Barnard|url=http://www.spokesman.com/stories/2014/oct/01/biologists-marijuana-industry-a-threat-to-salmon/}}</ref> [[Clearcutting]] and roadbuilding for the cannabis plantations can also degrade the environment and endanger salmon.<ref>{{citation|date=July 31, 2015|title=Black-Market Marijuana Farming Is Far From Green|work=[[Science Friday]]|url=http://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/black-market-marijuana-farming-is-far-from-green/}}</ref> The grows often occur illegally on [[Public land#United States|public land]].<ref>{{citation|title=The Landscape-Scarring, Energy-Sucking, Wildlife-Killing Reality of Pot Farming: This is your wilderness on drugs|author=Josh Harkinson |work=[[Mother Jones (magazine)|Mother Jones]]|date=March–April 2014 |url=https://www.motherjones.com/environment/2014/03/marijuana-weed-pot-farming-environmental-impacts}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=Allure of legal weed is fueling land rush in Emerald Triangle|author=Peter Fimrite|newspaper=San Francisco Chronicle|date=May 27, 2016|url=http://www.sfchronicle.com/science/article/Allure-of-legal-weed-is-fueling-land-rush-in-7948587.php|quote=Environmental damage from pot farming has been a major problem for decades. Drug traffickers growing illegally, often on public land, use pesticides and fertilizers that have poisoned wildlife, including endangered spotted owls and Pacific fishers. Growers have clear-cut trees, removed native vegetation, diverted streams, [and] caused erosion}}</ref>

==In popular culture==
[[The Lookouts]], founded in 1985 by [[Larry Livermore]], who also founded [[Lookout! Records]], were [[Tré Cool|Tré Cool's]] first band. The punk rock band was named for the fire lookout at Iron Peak in Mendocino County, which led local marijuana growers to threaten to burn down Livermore's house for bringing too much publicity to their hilly isolated region of the Emerald Triangle near [[Spyrock, California|Spyrock]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Livermore|first=Lawrence|date=September 15, 2011|title=Spy Rock Memories, Park 9|url=https://www.theava.com/archives/12151|access-date=2021-07-13|work=Anderson Valley Advertiser}}</ref> The band wrote many songs about the surrounding area on [[Mendocino Homeland]] and [[Spy Rock Road]], an album named for the road lined with marijuana grows that leads to Iron Peak. Livermore also wrote ''Spy Rock Memories'', a 2013 book about his time living off the grid in the heart of the Emerald Triangle.

''[[Homegrown (film)|Homegrown]]'' is a 1998 movie starring [[Billy Bob Thornton]] that follows marijuana growers in an unspecific area of the Emerald Triangle, most likely northern Mendocino County.

On the TV show ''[[Lost (2004 TV series)|Lost]]'', during flashback scenes in the episode "[[Further Instructions]]", [[John Locke (Lost)|John Locke]] picks up a hitchhiker who happens to be an undercover police officer on State Route 36 and brings him back to a farm near [[Bridgeville, California|Bridgeville]], where they grow marijuana in a greenhouse.

''[[Humboldt County (film)|Humboldt County]]'' is a 2008 comedy-drama about a medical school dropout who drives north to Humboldt County to live on a pot farm.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2008/film/markets-festivals/humboldt-county-1200535723/|title=Humboldt County|date=19 March 2008|work=Variety |accessdate=27 April 2021}}</ref>

In "Object Impermanence", an episode of [[Showtime (TV network)|Showtime's]] ''[[Weeds (TV series)|Weeds]]'', Nancy Botwin drives to Heylia James' boobytrapped outdoor marijuana grow in Humboldt County.

[[Discovery Channel| Discovery Channel's]] ''[[Pot Cops]]'', a 2013 docuseries, followed the Humboldt County Sheriff's Office's Marijuana Enforcement Team in 2013.<ref>{{Cite news|date=February 8, 2013|title=Spotlight on North Coast Pot and Humboldt Cops|url=https://www.times-standard.com/2013/02/08/spotlight-on-north-coast-pot-and-humboldt-cops-discovery-channel-set-to-air-two-new-marijuana-themed-shows/|access-date=2020-04-27|work=The Times-Standard}}</ref>

The 2013 book ''[[Humboldt: Life on America's Marijuana Frontier]]'' by Emily Brady, is written about the marijuana industry in Humboldt County and the surrounding Emerald Triangle.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Harkinson|first=Josh|date=June 27, 2013|title=Quick Reads: 'Humboldt' by Emily Brady|url=https://www.motherjones.com/crime-justice/2013/06/quick-reads-humboldt-emily-brady/|access-date=2022-09-28|work=[[Mother Jones (magazine)|Mother Jones]]}}</ref>

''[[Welcome to Willits]]'' is a 2016 horror movie which takes place in the Emerald Triangle.

Amazon Prime's ''[[Budding Prospects#TV adaptation|Budding Prospects]]'' was a 2017 pilot episode for a series based on the [[Budding Prospects|1984 novel of the same name]] by [[T. C. Boyle]] that was set in Mendocino County in the 1980s. Amazon released the pilot but did not greenlight the series.<ref name="Amazon-Budding Prospects">{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B06WLQVW6P/|title=Budding Prospects|publisher=Amazon |access-date=April 27, 2021|archive-date=November 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113173054/https://www.amazon.com/dp/B06WLQVW6P/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Two other nationally distributed paperback books written about marijuana cultivation in the Emerald Triangle include Steve Chapple's 1984 book ''Outlaws in Babylon: Shocking True Stories on the Marijuana Frontier'' and [[Ray Raphael]]'s 1985 book ''Cash Crop: An American Dream''. 

[[Netflix]]'s 2018 true crime television series ''[[Murder Mountain (TV series)|Murder Mountain]]'' examines the high rate of missing people and murders in Humboldt County. The show covers the history of illegal marijuana farming including the relationship of local farmers and local authorities as the area attempts to transition into a legal cannabis industry.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Schou|first=Nick|date=February 8, 2019|title=Sweet Streams: Into the Emerald Triangle's Murder Mountain|url=https://www.ocweekly.com/285410-2/|access-date=2020-10-01|work=OC Weekly}}</ref>

The 2020 film ''Freeland'' is about a longtime Humboldt County marijuana grower, played by [[Krisha Fairchild]], growing illegally despite the availability of the legal market. <ref>{{Cite news|last=Linden|first=Sheri|date=April 4, 2020|title='Freeland': Film Review - SXSW 2020|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/freeland-1281618/|access-date=2022-09-30|work=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref>

The 2021 documentary ''Lady Buds'', produced by [[Gravitas Ventures]], about women who work in the marijuana industry in Northern California, is being developed into a scripted comedy feature film and a non-scripted series.<ref>{{Cite news|last=White|first=Peter|date=February 23, 2022|title='Lady Buds': Cannabis Doc To Get Scripted Feature Adaptation From Hellcat & Non-Scripted Series Spinoff From Yoruba Media Labs|url=https://deadline.com/2022/02/lady-buds-cannabis-doc-spinoffs-1234958078/|access-date=2022-09-30|work=Deadline}}</ref>

[[Hulu| Hulu's]] 2021 docuseries ''[[Sasquatch (TV series)|Sasquatch]]'' is based on the murder of pot growers in Mendocino County in the 1990s, purportedly perpetrated by [[Bigfoot]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Gentile|first=Dan|date=April 19, 2021|title=Hulu true crime doc 'Sasquatch' investigates whether Bigfoot murdered three NorCal cannabis farmers|url=https://www.sfgate.com/streaming/article/hulu-true-crime-sasquatch-murder-cannabis-farmers-16104896.php|access-date=2021-04-27|work=SFGate}}</ref>

The 2021 crime podcast ''[[Dark Woods (podcast)|Dark Woods]]'', produced by [[Dick Wolf]] and set in Humboldt County that includes a trespass marijuana grow on public land, is currently being developed by [[Universal Television]] for a TV adaptation.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Goff|first=Andrew|date=November 17, 2021|title=Do You Need to Listen to Dick Wolf's Creepy, Set-in-Humboldt Scripted Podcast Drama?|url=https://lostcoastoutpost.com/2021/nov/17/do-you-need-listen-creepy-new-set-humboldt-scripte/|access-date=2022-09-28|work=Lost Coast Outpost}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=White|first=Peter|date=November 15, 2021|title=Dick Wolf Podcast 'Dark Woods' Gets TV Adaptation With Universal Television|url=https://deadline.com/2021/11/dick-wolf-podcast-dark-woods-series-adaptation-universal-television-1234873107/|access-date=2022-09-28|work=Deadline Hollywood}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Sequoia County, California]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{California Marijuana}}
{{California}}
{{portal bar|California|Cannabis|Geography}}

[[Category:Cannabis cultivation]]
[[Category:Cannabis in California]]
[[Category:Geography of Mendocino County, California]]
[[Category:Geography of Trinity County, California]]
[[Category:History of Humboldt County, California]]
[[Category:Regions of California]]