Editing Endometrioid tumor

{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name            = Endometrioid tumor
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| image           = Histopathology of well-differentiated endometrioid adenocarcinoma.png
| caption         = Histopathology of a well-differentiated endometrioid adenocarcinoma in the ovary
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| field           = [[Oncology]], [[gynecology]]
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'''Endometrioid tumors''' are a class of tumors that arise in the [[uterus]] or [[ovaries]] that resemble [[Endometrial gland|endometrial glands]] on histology.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Kumar |first=Vinay |title=Robbins Basic Pathology |last2=Abbas |first2=Abul K. |last3=Aster |first3=Jon C. |last4=Robbins |first4=Stanley L. |last5=Perkins |first5=James A. |date=2018 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=978-0-323-35317-5 |edition=10th |location=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania}}</ref> They account for 80% of [[Endometrial carcinoma|endometrial carcinomas]]<ref name=":0" />{{rp|724}} and 20% of malignant [[ovarian tumors]].<ref name=":0" />{{rp|728}}

==Ovary==
[[File:Incidence of ovarian cancers by histopathology.png|thumb|300px|Ovarian cancers in women aged 20+, with area representing relative incidence and color representing [[5-year relative survival rate]].<ref name=SEER6215ch16>{{Cite book|contribution=Chapter 16: Cancers of the Ovary|first=Carol L.|last=Kosary|pages=133–144|publisher=National Cancer Institute|title=SEER Survival Monograph: Cancer Survival Among Adults: US SEER Program, 1988-2001, Patient and Tumor Characteristics|editor1-last=Baguio|editor1-first=RNL|editor2-last=Young|editor2-first=JL|editor3-last=Keel|editor3-first=GE|editor4-last=Eisner|editor4-first=MP|editor5-last=Lin|editor5-first=YD|editor6-last=Horner|editor6-first=M-J|series=SEER Program|volume=NIH Pub. No. 07-6215|place=Bethesda, MD|year=2007|chapter-url=http://seer.cancer.gov/publications/survival/surv_ovary.pdf|url=http://seer.cancer.gov/publications/survival/}}</ref> ''Endometrioid tumor'' is labeled at bottom left.]]
Ovarian endometrioid tumors are part of the [[surface epithelial-stromal tumor|surface epithelial]] [[tumor]] group of [[Ovarian cancer|ovarian neoplasm]]s (10–20% of which are the endometrioid type).
[[Benign]] and borderline variants are rare, as the majority are [[malignant]].
There is an association with [[endometriosis]] and concurrent primary [[endometrial carcinoma]] ([[endometrial cancer]]).

On gross [[pathology|pathological]] examination, the tumor is cystic and may be solid and some arise in cystic endometriosis. In 40% of cases, endometrioid tumors are found bilaterally.<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Robbins |editor2-last=Cotran |title=Pathologic Basis of Disease |location=Philadelphia |publisher=Saunders |edition=7th |isbn=978-0-7216-0187-8 |year=2005 }}</ref>

==Endometrium==
Endometrioid carcinoma can also arise in the endometrium.<ref name="pmid18156975">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mulvany NJ, Allen DG |title=Combined large cell neuroendocrine and endometrioid carcinoma of the endometrium |journal=Int. J. Gynecol. Pathol. |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=49–57 |date=January 2008 |pmid=18156975 |doi=10.1097/pgp.0b013e31806219c5 |s2cid=43849133 }}</ref><ref>{{MeshName|Carcinoma,+Endometrioid}}</ref>

Grades 1 and 2 are considered "type 1" [[endometrial cancer]], while grade 3 is considered "type 2".<ref name="urlACS :: What Is Endometrial Cancer?">{{cite web |url=http://www.cancer.org/docroot/cri/content/cri_2_4_1x_what_is_endometrial_cancer.asp |title=ACS :: What Is Endometrial Cancer? |access-date=2010-03-24 |archive-date=2010-06-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100620010337/http://www.cancer.org/docroot/cri/content/cri_2_4_1x_what_is_endometrial_cancer.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref>

<gallery mode="packed">
File:Pie chart of relative incidences of endometrial carcinoma.png|Relative incidences of [[endometrial carcinoma]]s by histopathology, being endometrioid in a majority of cases<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Mendivil|first1=Alberto|last2=Schuler|first2=Kevin M.|last3=Gehrig|first3=Paola A.|title=Non-Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma of the Uterine Corpus: A Review of Selected Histological Subtypes|journal=Cancer Control|volume=16|issue=1|year=2009|pages=46–52|issn=1073-2748|doi=10.1177/107327480901600107|pmid=19078929}}</ref>
</gallery>

==Light microscopy==
[[Light microscopy]] shows tubular glands, resembling endometrium.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/ovarytumorendometrioid.html|title=Ovary tumor - Endometrioid tumors - General|author-first1=Shahrzad|author-last1=Ehdaivand|website=Pathology Outlines|access-date=2020-03-17|archive-date=2020-02-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216103323/http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/ovarytumorendometrioid.html|url-status=dead}} Topic Completed: 1 December 2012. Revised: 6 March 2020</ref>

==Molecular biology==

===CTNNB1 and PTEN mutations===
Ovarian and endometrial endometrioid carcinomas have distinct [[CTNNB1]] and PTEN [[mutation|gene mutation]] profiles. [[PTEN (gene)|PTEN]] mutations are more frequent in low-grade endometrial endometrioid carcinomas (67%) compared with low-grade ovarian endometrioid carcinomas (17%). By contrast, CTNNB1 mutations are significantly different in low-grade ovarian endometrioid carcinomas (53%) compared with low-grade endometrial endometrioid carcinomas (28%). This difference in CTNNB1 mutation frequency may be reflective of the distinct [[tumoral microenvironment]]s; the epithelial cells lining an [[endometriotic cyst]] within the [[ovary]] are exposed to a highly [[oxidative stress|oxidative environment]] that promotes [[tumorigenesis]].<ref>{{Cite journal | pmid = 23765252| year = 2014| last1 = McConechy| first1 = M. K.| title = Ovarian and endometrial endometrioid carcinomas have distinct CTNNB1 and PTEN mutation profiles| journal = Modern Pathology| volume = 27| issue = 1| pages = 128–34| last2 = Ding| first2 = J| last3 = Senz| first3 = J| last4 = Yang| first4 = W| last5 = Melnyk| first5 = N| last6 = Tone| first6 = A. A.| last7 = Prentice| first7 = L. M.| last8 = Wiegand| first8 = K. C.| last9 = McAlpine| first9 = J. N.| last10 = Shah| first10 = S. P.| last11 = Lee| first11 = C. H.| last12 = Goodfellow| first12 = P. J.| last13 = Gilks| first13 = C. B.| last14 = Huntsman| first14 = D. G.| doi = 10.1038/modpathol.2013.107| pmc = 3915240}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
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{{Tumor histology}}
{{Breast cancer/urogenital neoplasia}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Endometrioid Tumor}}
[[Category:Gynaecological cancer]]