Editing Engine Alliance GP7000

{{Short description|Turbofan engine manufactured by Engine Alliance}}
{|{{Infobox aircraft begin
 |name= GP7000
 |image= File:EA GP7200.jpg
 |caption= A GP7270 installed on an [[Airbus A380]], operated by [[Emirates (airline)|Emirates]].
}}
{{Infobox aircraft engine
 |type = [[Turbofan]]
 |national origin = [[United States]]
 |manufacturer = [[Engine Alliance]]
 |first run = April 2004
 |major applications = [[Airbus A380]]
 |number built =  
 |developed from = [[General Electric GE90]] <br /> [[Pratt & Whitney PW4000]]
 |developed into = 
 |variants with their own articles =
}}
|}

The '''Engine Alliance GP7000''' is a [[turbofan]] jet engine manufactured by [[Engine Alliance]], a joint venture between [[General Electric]] and [[Pratt & Whitney]]. It is one of the powerplant options available for the [[Airbus A380]], along with the [[Rolls-Royce Trent 900]].

==Design and development==
[[File:Airbus Lagardère - GP7200 engine MSN108 (1).JPG|thumb|Engine Alliance GP7000 turbofan awaiting installation on an [[Airbus A380]]]]
[[File:Air France Airbus A380-861 F-HPJA @ Paris CDG.jpg|thumb|GP7000 inspection]]

Originally intended to power [[Boeing Commercial Airplanes]]' cancelled [[Boeing 747#747-500X, -600X, and -700X|747-500X/-600X]], the engine has since been pushed for [[Airbus]]' [[Airbus A380|A380-800]] superjumbo. It is built around an 0.72 scale of the [[General Electric GE90|GE90]]-110B/115B core <ref>{{cite news
| url = http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/ge90-115-paves-way-for-39gen-x39-sonic-cruiser-139714/
| title = GE90-115 paves way for 'GEN X' Sonic Cruiser development
| publisher = Flight Global
| date = 2001-12-04
| access-date = 2016-02-14
}}</ref> and contains a [[Pratt & Whitney]] fan and low-pressure system design.

The competing [[Rolls-Royce Trent 900]] was named as the lead engine for the then-named A3XX in 1996 and was initially selected by almost all A380 customers. However, the GE/PW engine increased its share of the A380 engine market to the point where, as of September 2007, it will power 47% of the super-jumbo fleet. This disparity in sales was resolved in a single transaction, with [[Emirates (airline)|Emirates]]' order of 55 GP7000-powered A380-800s, comprising over one quarter of A380 sales (as of September 2007). Emirates has traditionally been a Rolls-Royce customer. A380 aircraft powered by the GP7000s will have A380-86X model numbers as 6 is the code for [[Engine Alliance]] engines. The engine powers an estimated 60% of Airbus A380 in service as reported in 2017.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Freed|first1=Jamie|title=FAA orders A380 engine inspections after Air France incident|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/us-air-france-canada-faa/faa-orders-a380-engine-inspections-after-air-france-incident-idUKKBN1CI0CI?il=0|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013172624/http://uk.reuters.com/article/us-air-france-canada-faa/faa-orders-a380-engine-inspections-after-air-france-incident-idUKKBN1CI0CI?il=0|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 13, 2017|access-date=13 October 2017|work=Reuters|date=13 Oct 2017}}</ref>

Ground testing of the engine began in April 2004 and was first flight tested as the number two engine on GE's 747 flying testbed over Victorville, CA in December 2004.<ref>{{cite press release| url = http://www.geaviation.com/press/gepw/gepw_20041207.html| title =  GP7200 Takes to the Skies in First Flight Test| publisher = GE Aviation| date = 7 December 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304050422/http://www.geaviation.com/press/gepw/gepw_20041207.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> 
The American [[Federal Aviation Administration]] certified the engine for commercial operation on January 4, 2006.<ref>{{cite press release
 |url=http://www.enginealliance.com/en/media/press_archive.aspx?view=press20060104
 |publisher=Engine Alliance 
 |title=GP7200 Achieves FAA Certification 
 |date=2006-01-04 
 |access-date=2012-06-24 
}}{{dead link|date=December 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
The engine was ground run for the first time on an A380 on August 14, 2006, in Toulouse.<ref>{{cite news
| url = http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/picture-airbus-begins-engine-runs-on-engine-alliance-gp7200-powered-a380-in-toulouse-208485/
| title = Picture: Airbus begins engine runs on Engine Alliance GP7200-powered A380 in Toulouse
| publisher = Flight Global
| date = 2006-08-15
| access-date = 2012-06-24
}}</ref>
On August 25, 2006, the same aircraft, A380-861 test aircraft (MSN 009), made the first flight of an Engine Alliance powered A380. The flight began and ended at [[Toulouse]] and lasted about four hours. Tests were performed on the engines' flight envelope, cruise speed, and handling. A day earlier, the same aircraft performed [[rejected takeoff]] tests on the engines.

The [[Engine Alliance]] offered the GP7200 for the Airbus A380 passenger and freighter configurations. The GP7270 is rated at {{convert|74735|lbf|kN|abbr=on}} of thrust whilst the GP7277 is rated at {{convert|80290|lbf|kN|abbr=on}}. The engine is offered with two ratings appropriate for the various A380 configurations and take-off weights: GP7270 for the 560-tonne variant, and GP7277 for the 590 tonne A380-800 freighter (which was subsequently cancelled by Airbus).
In mid-2011 an upgrade was announced which will lead to a cut in weight for each engine by {{convert|23|kg|abbr=on}}. The new components come from [[Volvo Aero]].<ref>{{cite news
| url = http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2011/06/22/358619/paris-engine-alliance-cuts-another-50-pounds-from-gp7200.html
| title = PARIS: Engine Alliance cuts another 50 pounds from GP7200
| author = John Croft
| publisher = Flight Global
| date = 2011-06-22
| access-date = 2012-06-24
}}</ref>

[[MTU Aero Engines]] is a major partner of the programme, with 22.5% share. The German company produces the high-pressure turbine, the low-pressure turbine and the turbine center frame. [[Safran]]  with 17.5% designs and produces the low-pressure compressor.<ref> [http://www.mtu.de/fileadmin/EN/7_News_Media/2_Media/Brochures/Engines/GP7000.pdf GP7000 turbofan engine] MTU Aero Engines {{webarchive|date=23 June 2017|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170623192850/http://www.mtu.de/fileadmin/EN/7_News_Media/2_Media/Brochures/Engines/GP7000.pdf}}</ref> MDS Aero Support Corporation, a Canadian company, is working hand in hand with MTU to develop next-generation test beds.

MDS in joint cooperation is building the facility to test the next version of this engine in France.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.afiklmem.com/AFIKLMEM/en/g_page_standard/MediaRelation/BlueLink_10_October2012/BlueLink_10_EngineTestBench.html|title = Air France Industries KLM Engineering & Maintenance}}</ref>

==Variants==
*'''GP7270''' with {{convert|332.44|kN|abbr=on}} of thrust. In use by A380-861 of [[Air France]], [[Etihad Airways]], [[Korean Air]], and [[Qatar Airways]], as well as 90 of the 123 A380s ordered by [[Emirates (airline)|Emirates]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-32347783|title=Record £6bn order for Rolls-Royce|work=BBC News|date=17 April 2015|access-date=20 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aircraft.airbus.com/market/orders-deliveries/|title=Orders and deliveries|website=Airbus|access-date=20 April 2018|archive-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204134056/http://www.aircraft.airbus.com/market/orders-deliveries/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*'''GP7277''' with {{convert|357.1|kN|abbr=on}} of thrust. Originally for use on the now-cancelled [[Airbus A380#A380F|A380F]] freighter.

==Applications==
* [[Airbus A380]]

==Notable incidents==
On 30 September 2017, [[Air France Flight 66]], an Airbus A380 with registration F-HPJE, suffered an [[Turbine engine failure#Contained and uncontained failures|uncontained engine failure]] during flight where the entire fan module (blades and disc) and nose cowl on its [[aircraft engine position number|number-four]] GP7270 engine separated from the engine. The aircraft was flying from [[Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport]] to [[Los Angeles International Airport]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://avherald.com/h?article=4af15205&opt=0 |title=Incident: France A388 over Greenland on Sep 30th 2017, uncontained engine failure, fan and engine inlet separated|website=avherald.com|access-date=20 April 2018}}</ref> The aircraft was safely diverted to [[CFB Goose Bay]], Canada.<ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.reuters.com/article/us-air-france-canada/air-france-flight-with-engine-damage-makes-emergency-landing-in-canada-idUSKCN1C50PV |title=Air France flight with engine damage makes emergency landing in Canada|website=reuters.com|date=30 September 2017|access-date=20 April 2018}}</ref> To repatriate the stranded jet, the damaged engine would be replaced and sent back to GE's workshop at Cardiff; a replacement engine had to be placed in the same position to balance the weight for takeoff but not operable.<ref name="Reuters101017">{{cite news|last1=Hepher|first1=Tim |title=Damaged A380 to be flown to France to investigate engine blast|url= https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-air-france-canada-idAFKBN1CF2R6 |access-date=19 July 2022|work=Reuters|date=10 Oct 2017}}</ref> The French accident investigation agency BEA, which is conducting the investigation into the incident, released photos of the first engine fan, fan hub and cowling parts being recovered in [[Greenland]].<ref>{{Cite news|url= https://news.aviation-safety.net/2017/10/06/first-parts-af66-engine-cowling-recovered-greenland/ |title=First parts of AF66 engine and cowling recovered from Greenland. - ASN News|date=2017-10-06|work=ASN News|access-date=2017-10-13 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Reuters101017"/><ref>{{Citation|title=AIRBUS A380 F-HPJ Greenland Fan Hub Recovery by GEUS / BEA (June 2019)| date=3 July 2019 |url= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zPcSU0A1G9w |language=en|access-date=2019-08-13}}</ref>

==Specifications (GP7270)==
{{jetspecs
|<!-- If you do not understand how to use this template, please ask at [[Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Aircraft]] -->
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|type          = two-spool high-bypass [[turbofan]] engine
|length        = {{convert|4.92|m|ft in|abbr=on}} spinner to flange<ref>[https://www.easa.europa.eu/system/files/dfu/20140404_TCDS_IM.E.026_issue04_0.pdf EASA Type certificate data sheet] European Aviation Safety Agency 4 April 2014 {{webarchive|date=23 December 2017
|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171223075120/https://www.easa.europa.eu/system/files/dfu/20140404_TCDS_IM.E.026_issue04_0.pdf}}</ref>
|diameter  = {{convert|3.16|m|ft in|abbr=on}}, fan {{convert|2.96|m|ft in|abbr=on}}
|weight        = {{convert|6712|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
|compressor    = 24 swept [[Wide chord|wide-chord]] hollow titanium fan blades, 8.8:1 by-pass ratio; five-stage low-pressure [[axial compressor]]; nine-stage high-pressure axial compressor
|combustion    = low-emissions single annular combustor 
|turbine       = two-stage high pressure turbine, boltless architecture, single crystal blades, split blade cooling and thermal barrier coatings, axial flow; six-stage low-pressure axial flow
|fueltype      =
|oilsystem     =
|compression   = 43.9
|aircon       = 900 to 1,200 kg/s (2,000 to 2,600 lb/s)
|fuelcon       =
|specfuelcon   =
|thrust= 36,980 kgf, 363 kN, 81,500 lbf
|thrust/weight = 5.197 (assuming 13,400 lbf weight of engine and 70,000 lbf of thrust)
}}

==See also==
{{Aircontent
|related=
*{{annotated link|General Electric GE90}}
*{{annotated link|Pratt & Whitney PW4000}}
|similar engines=
*{{annotated link|Rolls-Royce Trent 900}}
|lists=
*[[List of aircraft engines]]
|see also=
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
* [http://www.airweb.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/114398eac7af8d93862570fc00591557/$FILE/E00072EN.pdf FAA certificate data sheet]

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.enginealliance.com/ Official site], Engine Alliance
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070212080414/http://www.geaviation.com/engines/commercial/gp7000/ Official site], GE-Aviation
* [http://www.pw.utc.com/GP7200_Engine Official site], Pratt & Whitney

{{Joint development aeroengines}}

[[Category:High-bypass turbofan engines]]
[[Category:2000s turbofan engines]]