Editing Enryaku-ji

{{Short description|Historic Tendai Buddhist temple in Ōtsu, Shiga Prefecture, Japan}}
{{Infobox religious building
| name = Enryaku-ji
| native_name = {{nihongo2|延暦寺}}
| image = Enryakuji Konponchudo02s5s3200.jpg
| image_size =
| alt = 
| caption = ''Konpon-chūdō'' (根本中堂), Enryaku-ji's main hall)
| map_type = 
| map_size = 
| map_alt = 
| map_caption = 
| location = 4220 Sakamoto Honchō, [[Ōtsu, Shiga|Ōtsu]], [[Shiga Prefecture]]
| coordinates = 
| religious_affiliation = [[Tendai]]
| deity = [[Bhaisajyaguru]] (Yakushi Nyorai)
| country = Japan
| functional_status = 
| website = {{url|http://www.hieizan.or.jp/}}
| founded_by = [[Saichō]]
|established=788| year_completed = 1642 (reconstruction)
}}
{{nihongo|'''Enryaku-ji'''|延暦寺|Enryaku-ji}} is a [[Tendai]] [[monastery]] located on [[Mount Hiei]] in [[Ōtsu, Shiga|Ōtsu]], overlooking [[Kyoto]]. It was first founded in 788 during the early [[Heian period]] (794–1185)<ref>Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1956). ''Kyoto: The Old Capital of Japan, 794-1869,'' p. 111.</ref> by [[Saichō]] (767&ndash;822), also known as Dengyō Daishi, who introduced the Tendai sect of [[Mahayana]] [[Buddhism]] to [[Japan]] from [[China]]. The temple complex has undergone several reconstruction efforts since then, with the most significant (that of the main hall) taking place in 1642 under [[Tokugawa Iemitsu]]. Enryaku-ji is the headquarters of the Tendai sect and one of the most significant monasteries in Japanese history. As such, it is part of the [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]] "[[Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto (Kyoto, Uji and Otsu Cities)]]". The founders of [[Jōdo-shū]], {{lang|ja-latn|[[Jōdo Shinshū]]|italic=no}}, [[Sōtō|Sōtō Zen]], and [[Nichiren Buddhism]] all spent time at the monastery. Enryaku-ji is also the center for the practice of [[kaihōgyō]] (aka the "marathon monks").

==History==
[[File:Enryakuji1.jpg|thumb|left|Nobunaga forces setting fire to Enryaku-ji and massacring the monks in the [[Siege of Mount Hiei]] in 1571 (depiction in the ''Ehon taikouki'')]]
[[File:Ruri-do.jpg|thumb|''Ruri-dō'' (瑠璃堂, "[[Lapis Lazuli]] Hall") is the only building that survived the siege of 1571]]
With the support of [[Emperor Kanmu]], the Buddhist monk Saichō ordained a hundred disciples in 807. Maintaining a strict discipline on Mt. Hiei, his monks lived in seclusion for twelve years of study and [[meditation]]. After this period, the best students were retained in positions in the monastery and others graduated into positions in the government.  At the peak of its power, Enryaku-ji was a huge complex of as many as 3,000 sub-temples and a powerful army of {{nihongo|warrior monks|僧兵|[[sōhei]]}}. In the tenth century, succession disputes broke out between Tendai monks of the line of [[Ennin]] and [[Enchin]]. These disputes resulted in opposing Tendai centers at Enryaku-ji and at [[Mii-dera]], known respectively as the {{nihongo|Mountain Order|山門|sanmon}} and the {{nihongo|Temple Order|寺門|jimon}}. Warrior monks were used to settle the disputes, and Tendai leaders began to hire mercenary armies who threatened rivals and even marched on the capital to enforce monastic demands.

As part of a program to remove all potential rivals and unite the country, warlord [[Oda Nobunaga]] ended this Buddhist militancy in 1571 by [[Siege of Mount Hiei|attacking Enryaku-ji]], leveling the buildings and slaughtering monks.<ref name="Stanford">{{cite book|last1=Sansom|first1=George|title=A History of Japan 1334-1615|date=1961|publisher=Stanford University Press|location=Stanford|isbn=0804705259|pages=284}}</ref>  Enryaku-ji's current structures date from the late 16th century through the first half of the 17th century, when the temple was reconstructed following a change of government. Only one minor building survived, the ''Ruri-dō'' (るり堂, "[[Lapis Lazuli]] Hall"), which is located down a long, unmarked path from the ''Sai-tō'' complex. The structure dates to the 13th century and was repaired twice during the 20th century following harsh weather.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kagemarukun.fromc.jp/page005e.html|title=瑠璃堂|website=www.kagemarukun.fromc.jp}}</ref> During reconstruction, some buildings were transferred from other temples, notably Mii-dera, and thus the buildings themselves are old, though they have not always been at this location.

Today, most of Enryaku-ji's buildings are clustered in three areas: ''Tō-dō'' (東塔, "East Pagoda"), ''Sai-tō'' (西塔, "West Pagoda"), and ''Yokokawa'' (横川). The monastery's most important buildings are concentrated in ''Tō-dō''. ''Sai-tō'' is a 20-minute walk away, primarily downhill from ''Tō-dō'', and also features several important buildings. ''Yokokawa'' is more isolated and less visited, about a 1:30 walk, and is most easily reached by bus, which connects the three complexes and other locations on the mountain.

On April 4, 2006, Enryaku-ji performed a ceremony for former leaders of [[Yamaguchi-gumi]], by far the largest [[yakuza]] organization in Japan.<ref>[http://guildspot.org/rno/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1541 Enryakuji temple leaders resign over yakuza service] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120424230529/http://guildspot.org/rno/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1541 |date=2012-04-24 }}</ref> Because such temple ceremonies have been used for Yamaguchi-gumi fund-raising and demonstrations of power, the [[Shiga]] Prefectural Police requested that Enryaku-ji cease performance of the ceremony. Rejecting the request, Enryaku-ji received crime-related money for the ceremony and allowed nearly 100 upper-level Yamaguchi-gumi leaders to attend. After reports in the ''[[Asahi Shimbun]]'' and ''[[Yomiuri Shimbun]]'' newspapers, Enryaku-ji faced a nationwide scandal. The temple was also criticized by the Japan Buddhist Temple Association (representing 75,000 Buddhist temples), which led a movement against the yakuza.{{Clarify|date=May 2017}} Finally on May 18, all representative directors of Enryaku-ji resigned, apologizing on their website and in e-mails which were sent to 3,000 branch temples.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tendai.or.jp/shuchou/07.php|title=天台の主張 記事 (7)|author=天台宗宗議会|website=tendai.or.jp|date=2006-05-26|lang=ja}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Enryakuji Daikodo01n3200.jpg|{{nihongo|Great Lecture Hall|大講堂|Daikō-dō}}
File:Enryakuji Kanchodo01n3200.jpg|{{nihongo|Hall of Initiation|灌頂堂|Kanjō-dō}}
File:Enryakuji Monjuro02n3200.jpg|{{nihongo|Monju-rō gate|文殊楼|Monju-rō}} 
File:Enryakuji Shoro01n4272.jpg|{{nihongo|Bell Tower|鐘楼|Shōrō}}
File:Enryakuji Toto01n3200.jpg|{{nihongo|East Pagoda|東塔|Tō-tō}}
File:Enryakuji Amidado.jpg|{{nihongo|[[Amitabha|Amida]] Hall|阿弥陀堂|Amida-dō}}
File:Enryakuji Kaidanin01n3200.jpg|{{nihongo|Ordination Hall|戒壇院|Kaidan-in}}
File:Enryaku-ji Yokokawa-chudo-r.jpg|{{nihongo|Yokawa Main Hall|横川中堂|Yokawa-chūdō}}
</gallery>
==Gallery==
Heiji Monogatari Emaki - Sanjo scroll
<gallery>
File:Heiji Monogatari Emaki - Sanjo scroll part 8.jpg
File:Heiji Monogatari Emaki - Sanjo scroll part 7.jpg
File:Heiji Monogatari Emaki - Sanjo scroll part 6.jpg
File:Heiji no ran.jpg
File:Heiji Monogatari Emaki - Sanjo scroll part 4.jpg
File:Heiji Monogatari Emaki - Sanjo scroll part 3.jpg
File:Heiji Monogatari Emaki - Sanjo scroll part 2.jpg
File:Heiji Monogatari Emaki - Sanjo scroll part 1.jpg
</gallery>
Heiji Monogatari Emaki - Shinzei Scroll
<gallery>
File:Heiji Monogatari Emaki - Shinzei Scroll d1.jpg
File:Heiji.JPG
File:Heiji Monogatari Emaki - Shinzei Scroll d2.jpg
</gallery>
Heiji Monogatari Emaki - Rokuhara scroll 
<gallery>
File:Narrative picture scroll of the Heiji Civil War (Scroll of Shinzei).jpg
File:Heiji Monogatari Emaki - Rokuhara scroll part 8.jpg
File:Heiji Monogatari Emaki - Rokuhara scroll part 7.jpg
File:Heiji Monogatari Emaki - Rokuhara scroll part 6.jpg
File:Heiji Monogatari Emaki - Rokuhara scroll part 5.jpg
File:Heiji Monogatari Emaki - Rokuhara scroll part 4.jpg
File:Heiji Monogatari Emaki - Rokuhara scroll part 3.jpg
File:Heiji Monogatari Emaki - Rokuhara scroll part 2.jpg
File:Heiji Monogatari Emaki - Rokuhara scroll part 1.jpg
</gallery>

== See also ==
<!-- New links in alphabetical order please -->
* [[Guoqing Temple]]
* [[Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto (Kyoto, Uji and Otsu Cities)]]
* [[List of Buddhist temples in Kyoto]]
* [[List of National Treasures of Japan (ancient documents)]]
* [[List of National Treasures of Japan (crafts-others)]]
* [[List of National Treasures of Japan (temples)]]
* [[List of National Treasures of Japan (writings)]]
* [[Tourism in Japan]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
* Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon. (1956). ''Kyoto: The Old Capital of Japan, 794–1869.'' Kyoto: The Ponsonby Memorial Society. {{ISBN?}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Enryaku-ji}}
*{{Official website|https://www.hieizan.or.jp/}} {{in lang|ja}}
*[http://web-japan.org/atlas/historical/his11.html Japan Atlas: Enryaku-Ji Temple]
*[http://www.taleofgenji.org/mount_hiei.html Photos of Mount Hiei and the three precincts of Enryaku-ji Temple]

{{World Heritage Kyoto}}
{{Buddhist temples in Japan}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Coord|35|04|14|N|135|50|28|E|region:JP_type:landmark|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Enryaku-Ji}}
[[Category:8th-century establishments in Japan]]
[[Category:Nara period]]
[[Category:Buddhist temples in Shiga Prefecture]]
[[Category:World Heritage Sites in Japan]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Ōtsu]]
[[Category:Tendai]]
[[Category:Tendai temples]]
[[Category:National Treasures of Japan]]
[[Category:Important Cultural Properties of Japan]]
[[Category:Historic Sites of Japan]]
[[Category:788 establishments]]
[[Category:Religious buildings and structures completed in the 780s]]
[[Category:Temples of Bhaiṣajyaguru]]
{{Hiyoshi Faith}}