Editing Environment and Climate Change Canada

{{Short description|Canadian federal government department}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox government agency
| type            = Department
| seal            = 
| logo            = Environment and Climate Change Canada logo.svg
| logo_size       = 250px
| formed          = {{start date and age|1971}}
| jurisdiction    = [[Government of Canada|Canada]]
| employees       = 8,571 (2023–2024) <ref>https://www.tbs-sct.canada.ca/ems-sgd/edb-bdd/index-eng.html#infographic/dept/137/financial/.-.-(panel_key.-.-'welcome_mat)</ref>
| budget          = $2.4 billion (2023–2024) <ref>https://www.tbs-sct.canada.ca/ems-sgd/edb-bdd/index-eng.html#infographic/dept/137/financial/.-.-(panel_key.-.-'welcome_mat)</ref>
| minister1_name  = [[Julie Dabrusin]]
| minister1_pfo   = [[Minister of Environment and Climate Change]]
| deputyminister1_name = Jean-François Tremblay
| deputyminister1_pfo = 
| chief1_name     = 
| chief1_position = 
| chief2_name     = 
| chief2_position = 
| chief3_name     = 
| chief3_position = 
| chief4_name     = 
| chief4_position = 
| chief5_name     = 
| chief5_position = 
| chief6_name     = 
| chief6_position = 
| chief7_name     = 
| chief7_position = 
| chief8_name     = 
| chief8_position = 
| chief9_name     = 
| chief9_position = 
| parent_department = 
| child1_agency   = [[Meteorological Service of Canada]]
| child2_agency   = [[Parks Canada]]
| child3_agency   = [[Canadian Ice Service]]
| child4_agency   = [[Impact Assessment Agency of Canada]]
| child5_agency   = [[Water Survey of Canada]]
| child6_agency   = [[National Pollutant Release Inventory]]
| keydocument1    = ''[[Department of the Environment Act (Canada)|Department of the Environment Act]]''
| website         = {{url|https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change.html}}
| agency_type     = [[Ministry (government department)|Department]] responsible for coordinating environmental policies and programs
| agency_name     = Environment and Climate Change Canada
| nativename      = {{lang|fr|Environnement et Changement climatique Canada}}
}}

'''Environment and Climate Change Canada''' ('''ECCC'''; {{langx|fr|Environnement et Changement climatique Canada}})<ref group="NB">Environment and Climate Change Canada is the applied title under the [[Federal Identity Program]]; the legal title is '''Department of the Environment''' ({{Langx|fr|Ministère de l'Environnement}}).</ref> is the [[Ministry (government department)|department]] of the [[Government of Canada]] responsible for coordinating environmental policies and programs, as well as preserving and enhancing the natural environment and renewable resources. It is also colloquially known by its former name, '''Environment Canada''' ('''EC'''; {{langx|fr|Environnement Canada|links=no}}).

The [[Minister of Environment and Climate Change|minister of environment and climate change]] has been [[Julie Dabrusin]] since May 13, 2025; Environment and Climate Change Canada supports the minister's mandate to: "preserve and enhance the quality of the natural environment, including water, air, soil, flora and fauna; conserve Canada's renewable resources; conserve and protect Canada's water resources; forecast daily weather conditions and warnings, and provide detailed meteorological information to all of Canada; enforce rules relating to boundary waters; and coordinate environmental policies and programs for the federal government."{{Sfn|Environment Canada|2013}} The minister provides political direction and is [[Responsible government|responsible]] for the department to [[Parliament of Canada|Parliament]], with the day-to-day operations being managed by the [[Deputy minister (Canada)|deputy minister]].

== History ==
=== Federal role ===
Under the [[Constitution of Canada]], responsibility for environmental management in [[Canada]] is a shared responsibility between the federal government and provincial governments. For example, provincial governments have primary authority for resource management including permitting industrial waste discharges (e.g., to the air). The federal government is responsible for the management of toxic substances in the country (e.g., [[benzene]]). The department provides stewardship of the [[Environmental Choice Program]], which provides consumers with an eco-labelling for products manufactured within Canada or services that meet international label standards of (GEN) [[Global Ecolabelling Network]].

Under the ''[[Canadian Environmental Protection Act]]''<ref>{{cite web|date=January 9, 2007|title=Environment Canada – Acts & Regulations – The Act|url=http://www.ec.gc.ca/lcpe-cepa/default.asp?lang=En&n=26A03BFA-1|access-date=January 22, 2014|publisher=Ec.gc.ca}}</ref> (CEPA 1999) (R.S., 1999, c. 33), ECCC became the lead federal department to ensure the cleanup of [[hazardous waste]] and [[oil spill]]s for which the government is responsible, and to provide technical assistance to other jurisdictions and the private sector as required. The department is also responsible for international environmental issues (e.g., Canada-US air issues). CEPA was the central piece of Canada's environmental legislation but was replaced when budget implementation [[Jobs, Growth and Long-term Prosperity Act|Bill C-38]] entered into effect in June 2012.<ref name="Osler" />{{update after|2012|07}}

=== ''Canada Water Act'' and creation of department ===
"Recognizing the need for better environmental management, the federal government passed the ''[[Canada Water Act]]'' in 1970 and created the Department of the Environment in 1971, entrusting the Inland Waters Directorate with providing national leadership for freshwater management. Under the ''Constitution Act'', ''1867'', the provinces are "owners" of the water resources and have wide responsibilities in their day-to-day management. The federal government has certain specific responsibilities relating to water, such as fisheries and navigation, as well as exercising certain overall responsibilities such as the conduct of external affairs."<ref>{{cite web|date=July 22, 2013|title=Federal Policy and Legislation|url=http://www.ec.gc.ca/eau-water/default.asp?lang=En&n=E05A7F81-1|access-date=December 26, 2013|work=Environment Canada}}</ref>

The ''Canada Water Act'' (proclaimed on September 30, 1970) provides the framework for cooperation with provinces and territories in the conservation, development, and utilization of Canada's water resources. The ''Canadian Environmental Protection Act'', 1999, completes the framework for the protection and of water resources. Environment and Climate Change Canada is the federal department in charge of conserving and protecting Canada's water resources. The ''Water Act'' (2000), a federal legislation, "supports and promotes the conservation and management of water, including the wise allocation and use of water.".{{Sfn|waterpolicy.ca|nd}} The provinces are responsible for administering the ''Water Act'' (2000). In Alberta for example, Alberta Environment and Water is responsible for administering the ''Water Act'' (2000) and the ''Environmental Protection and Enhancement Act'' (2000).  Provinces environmental ministries primarily lead [[Water for Life]] (2003) programs. Provinces also implement and oversee "regulation of municipal drinking water, wastewater, and storm drainage systems."{{Sfn|waterpolicy.ca|nd}}

=== Kyoto Accord and aftermath ===
The 1997 [[Kyoto Accord]] caused Minister [[David Anderson (British Columbia politician)|David Anderson]] and the [[Chretien government]] to launch the ''Government of Canada Action Plan 2000 on Climate Change'',<ref name="ap2000">{{cite news |url=https://publications.gc.ca/collections/Collection/M22-135-2000E.pdf |title=Information archivée dans le Web }}</ref> which was mentioned in passing by the Governor-General in her January 30, 2000 [[Speech from the Throne]].<ref name="st2000">{{cite news |url=https://sencanada.ca/en/content/sen/chamber/371/debates/002db_2001-01-30-e |title=Debates - Issue 2 - January 30, 2001 }}</ref> Despite strong objections from the governments of Saskatchewan, Alberta and Ontario and the federal Official Opposition, in securing Canadian ratification of the Kyoto Protocol in December 2002.

In 2004 Anderson was successful in getting the [[Species at Risk Act]] passed by Parliament and signed into law. Other initiatives involved improving air and water quality and established improved federal provincial cooperation on environmental issues.

In December 2011, [[Stephen Harper]]'s Minister of the Environment [[Peter Kent]] announced Canada's withdrawal from the [[Kyoto Accord|Kyoto Protocol]] one day after negotiators from nearly 200 countries meeting in Durban, South Africa at the [[2011 United Nations Climate Change Conference]] (November 28 – December 11), completed a marathon of climate talks to establish a new treaty to limit carbon emissions. The Durban talks were leading to a new binding treaty with targets for all countries to take effect in 2020.

Kent argued that, "The Kyoto protocol does not cover the world's largest two emitters, the [[Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States|United States]] and China, and therefore cannot work." In 2010 Canada, Japan and Russia said they would not accept new Kyoto commitments. Canada is the only country to repudiate the Kyoto Accord. Kent argued that since Canada could not meet targets, it needed to avoid the $14 billion in penalties for not achieving its goals.<ref name="Guardian2011">{{cite news|date=December 13, 2011|title=Canada pulls out of Kyoto protocol|journal=The Guardian|location=UK}}</ref> This decision drew widespread international response.<ref>CBC News http://www.cbc.ca/news/yourcommunity/2011/12/canadas-kyoto-withdrawal-draws-international-response.html</ref> States for which the emissions are not covered by the Kyoto Protocol (the US and China) have the largest emissions, being responsible for 41% of the Kyoto Protocol. China's emissions increased by over 200% from 1990 to 2009 as canny industrialists moved there to avoid taxation.<ref name="Economist2011Kyoto">{{cite news|author=The Economist|date=December 15, 2011|title=O Canada|newspaper=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/graphicdetail/2011/12/daily-chart-6|access-date=December 19, 2011}}</ref> By 2011 the magnesium industry in Canada, which had been ranked second in 2000,<ref name="ayres00">{{cite news |first=John |last=Ayres |publisher=Environment Canada |url=https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2016-02/documents/conf00_ayres_paper.pdf |title=Canadian Perspective on SF6 Management from Magnesium Industry |date=2000}}</ref> had been regulated out of existence.<ref name="cim11">{{cite book |editor-last1=Kapusta |editor-first1=Joël |editor-last2=Mackey |editor-first2=Phillip |editor-last3=Stubina |editor-first3=Nathan |title=The Canadian Metallurgical & Materials Landscape 1960 - 2011 |url=https://store.cim.org/en/commemorative-book-the-canadian-materials-landscape-1960-2011 |publisher=Canadian Institute of Metallurgy |date=2011 |chapter=Magnesium Metal Production in Canada |first1=D. |last1=Creber |first2=B. |last2=Davis |first3=S. |last3=Kashani-Nejad}}</ref>

Harper and [[Jim Flaherty]]'s [[2012 Canadian federal budget|2012 federal budget]]'s ''[[Jobs, Growth and Long-term Prosperity Act]]'' replaced the ''Canadian Environmental Assessment Act'' (CEAA 1992, 1999) with the'' Canadian Environmental Assessment Act'', 2012. ''The Canadian Environmental Protection Act'', ''Species at Risk Act'', ''The National Energy Board Act'', the ''Canadian Oil and Gas Operations Act'', the ''Nuclear Safety and Control Act'', the ''Fisheries Act'' (for example, closing the [[Experimental Lakes Area]]) all underwent major changes under Bill C-38 of the [[41st Canadian Parliament]]. By placing the emphasis on jobs, growth and prosperity significant changes have been made to the federal environmental assessment regime (EA) and environmental regulatory framework.<ref name="Osler">
{{cite web |author1=Shawn Denstedt Q.C.|author2=Sander Duncanson|date=April 27, 2012|title=Federal Government Releases Draft Legislation to Reform Federal Regulatory System|url=http://www.osler.com/NewsResources/Federal-Government-Releases-Draft-Legislation-to-Reform-Federal-Regulatory-System/|publisher=Osler|access-date=June 18, 2012}}</ref><ref name="C-38Harvie">
{{cite web|author1=Alan Harvie|author2=Richard King|author3=Jean Piette|author4=J.M. Madeleine Donahue|date=June 7, 2012|title=Canada: Canadian Government Proposes Significant Changes To The Environmental Assessment And Regulatory Framework|url=http://www.mondaq.com/canada/x/180742/Climate+Change/Canadian+Government+Proposes+Significant+Changes+To+The+Environmental+Assessment+And+Regulatory+Framework|access-date=June 18, 2012}}</ref>

In 2015, the newly elected [[Premiership of Justin Trudeau|Trudeau government]] changed the applied title of the department under the [[Federal Identity Program]] from ''Environment Canada'' to ''Environment and Climate Change Canada''. The new administration said this change was made in order to "reflect the government's priorities".<ref>{{Cite web|date=November 6, 2015|title=Trudeau government renames key departments|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/trudeau-government-renames-key-departments-1.2646008|access-date=May 19, 2021|website=CTVNews|language=en}}</ref>

In early 2018, the government of [[Justin Trudeau]] passed the ''[[Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act]]'' (GHGPPA). In early 2019, the government of Justin Trudeau passed the [[Impact Assessment Act and Canadian Energy Regulator Act|''Impact Assessment Act'' and ''Canadian Energy Regulator Act'']]s (IAA and CERA) under minister [[Catherine McKenna]].

On March 25, 2021, the [[Supreme Court of Canada]] rejected the 2019 appeal of the provinces of [[Alberta]], [[Ontario]], and [[Saskatchewan]] and ruled in ''[[Reference re Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act]]'' that the GHGPPA was constitutional.

On April 6, 2022, [[Equinor]]'s project on the [[Bay du Nord property]] was approved under Section 54 of the ''[[Canadian Environmental Assessment Act, 2012]]'' by the federal cabinet and Minister Guilbeault. The CEAA was used because the assessment was initiated before that law was voided by the IAA.<ref name="cbc1">{{cite news |first=Darrell |last=Roberts |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/bay-du-nord-approval-1.6410509 |date=April 6, 2022 |title=Federal government approves controversial Bay du Nord oil project |publisher=CBC }}</ref>

== Operations ==
[[File:Environment Canada Dash 7.jpg|thumb|Ice Reconnaissance [[de Havilland Canada Dash 7]] at [[Carp Airport]]]]
The department is divided into several geographic regions:

* [[National Capital Region (Canada)|National Capital]]
* Atlantic and Quebec Region ([[Atlantic Canada]], [[Maritimes]], [[Newfoundland and Labrador]] and [[Quebec]])
* [[Ontario]]
* West and North ([[Yukon]], [[Nunavut]], [[Northwest Territories]], [[British Columbia]], and [[Canadian prairies|Prairies]])

The department has several organizations which carry out specific tasks:

* Enforcement Branch
** Environmental Enforcement
** Wildlife Enforcement
* Environmental Protection Branch
** [[Canadian Wildlife Service]]{{Sfn|Canadian Wildlife Service|2002–2010}}
** Chemical Sectors
** Energy and Transportation
** Environmental Protection Operations
** Legislative and Regulatory Affairs
** Strategic Priorities
* [[Meteorological Service of Canada]] (for [[weather forecasting]]; [[climate]], [[air quality]] and water monitoring)<ref>[http://www.msc-smc.ec.gc.ca/contents_e.html "Msc"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090507003517/http://www.msc-smc.ec.gc.ca/contents_e.html |date=May 7, 2009 }}. Msc-smc.ec.gc.ca (April 30, 2012).</ref>
** Weather and [[environmental monitoring]]<ref>[http://www.msc-smc.ec.gc.ca/msc/amwsd_e.html ''Monitoring''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060501065436/http://www.msc-smc.ec.gc.ca/msc/amwsd_e.html |date=May 1, 2006 }}</ref> (Climate Monitoring, [[Water Survey of Canada]])

=== Weather and Environmental Operations (Regional Weather Operations) ===
** Weather and Environmental Prediction and Services<ref>[http://www.msc-smc.ec.gc.ca/msc/aepd_e.html "Predition"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060501065427/http://www.msc-smc.ec.gc.ca/msc/aepd_e.html |date=May 1, 2006 }}. Msc-smc.ec.gc.ca.</ref> (Defence Weather Services,<ref>[http://www.msc-smc.ec.gc.ca/scpd/index_e.cfm ''Aviation & Ice Services''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060501065414/http://www.msc-smc.ec.gc.ca/scpd/index_e.cfm |date=May 1, 2006 }}</ref> Marine and Ice Services ([[Canadian Ice Service]]), National Weather Predictions, [[Weatheradio Canada]], a national system of emergency weather broadcast transmitters)
** [[Canadian Hurricane Centre]]<ref>[http://www.ec.gc.ca/ouragans-hurricanes/default.asp?lang=En&n=DA74FE64-1 Environment Canada – Weather and Meteorology – Home]. Ec.gc.ca (March 1, 2012).</ref>
* Science and Technology Branch
** Atmospheric and Climate Science<ref>[http://www.msc-smc.ec.gc.ca/msc/contents_e.html ''Climate Science''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090116052620/http://www.msc-smc.ec.gc.ca/msc/contents_e.html |date=January 16, 2009 }}</ref>
** Water Science and Technology Directorate (including the National Water Research Institute)
** [[National Pollutant Release Inventory]]<ref>[https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20110611165040/http://www.ec.gc.ca/npri "Npri"]. Ec.gc.ca (February 22, 2012).</ref>
** Wildlife and Landscape Science<ref>[http://www.ec.gc.ca/faunescience-wildlifescience/ Environment Canada – Science and Technology – Wildlife Research & Landscape Science | Environment Canada]. Ec.gc.ca (March 22, 2012).</ref>
**Air Quality Mobile Source Emissions Measurement and Research<ref>[http://www.ec.gc.ca/air-sc-r/default.asp?lang=En&n=94E70DCA-1 Environment Canada – Air – Air Science and Research Mobile Source Emissions Measurement and Research<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

=== Agencies ===
The [[Impact Assessment Agency of Canada]] is an arms-length agency that reports to the Minister of Environment and Climate Change.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.canada.ca/en/impact-assessment-agency/corporate/mandate.html|title=Mandate|date=January 9, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gazette.gc.ca/rp-pr/p2/2019/2019-08-21/html/si-tr86-eng.html|title = Canada Gazette, Part 2, Volume 153, Number 17: Order Fixing August 28, 2019 as the Day on which that Act Comes into Force|date = August 21, 2019}}</ref>

[[Parks Canada]], which manages the [[National Parks of Canada|Canadian National Parks]] system, was removed from Environment Canada and became an agency reporting to the [[Minister of Canadian Heritage|minister of Canadian heritage]] in 1998. In 2003, responsibility for Parks Canada was returned to the minister of the environment's portfolio.<ref>[http://www.pc.gc.ca/index_e.asp "Parks Canada"]. Pc.gc.ca (April 13, 2012).</ref>

=== Enforcement activities ===
[[File:ECBadge.gif|right]]

The Enforcement Branch is responsible for ensuring compliance with several federal statutes. Enforcement officers are appointed pursuant to section 217(3) of the ''Canadian Environmental Protection Act'', having all the powers of [[peace officer]]s.

There are two designations of enforcement officers: Environmental Enforcement and Wildlife Enforcement. The former administers the ''Canadian Environmental Protection Act'' and pollution provisions of the ''Fisheries Act'' and corresponding regulations. The latter enforces ''Migratory Birds Convention Act'', ''Canada Wildlife Act'', ''Species at Risk Act'' and ''The Wild Animal and Plant Protection and Regulation of International and Interprovincial Trade Act''.<ref>[http://www.ec.gc.ca/alef-ewe/default.asp?lang=en&n=2140D763-1 Environment Canada – Acts, Regulations and Agreements – Enforcement – Acts and Regulations]. Ec.gc.ca (June 30, 2011).</ref> All officers wear dark green uniform with black ties and a badge (appear on the right). Environmental Enforcement Officers only carry [[Baton (law enforcement)|baton]] and OC spray whereas Wildlife Enforcement Officers are also equipped with firearm.<ref>[http://www2.canada.com/ottawacitizen/news/story.html?id=21ed1bb2-58f3-48d4-8484-6242a268f44d&k=62081 Canada's newest environment officers set to help turn the country green] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140519002551/http://www2.canada.com/ottawacitizen/news/story.html?id=21ed1bb2-58f3-48d4-8484-6242a268f44d&k=62081 |date=May 19, 2014 }}. .canada.com (July 24, 2007).</ref>

The minister may also appoint members of the [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police]], [[Fisheries and Oceans Canada#Enforcement|fishery officers]], [[Parks Canada#Enforcement|parks officers]], [[Canada Border Services Agency#Border Services Officers|customs officers]] and conservation officers of provincial and territorial governments as enforcement officers and to allow them to exercise the powers of Department of Environment officers.{{Citation needed|date=May 2021}}

==== Electronic waste ====
{{see also|Electronic waste by country}}
The Export and Import of Hazardous Waste and Hazardous Recyclable Material Regulations (EIHWHRMR) operates with a few basic premises, one of which being that [[electronic waste]] is either "intact" or "not intact".  The various annexes define hazardous waste in Canada, and also deem any waste that is "...considered or defined as hazardous under the legislation of the country receiving it and is prohibited by that country from being imported or conveyed in transit" to be covered under Canadian regulation and therefore subject to prior informed consent procedures.<ref>[http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2005-149/index.html Export and Import of Hazardous Waste and Hazardous Recyclable Material Regulations]. Laws-lois.justice.gc.ca (May 2, 2012).</ref><ref>[http://www.ec.gc.ca/gdd-mw/default.asp?lang=en&n=1C6F3B4C-1 Environment Canada – Pollution and Waste – Basel Convention]. Ec.gc.ca.</ref>

Since Canada ratified the Basel Convention on August 28, 1992, and as of August 2011, the Enforcement Branch has initiated 176 investigations for violations under EIHWHRMR, some of which are still in progress. There have been 19 prosecutions undertaken for non-compliance with the provisions of the EIHWHRMR some of which are still before the courts.{{Citation needed|date=May 2021}}

== Notable related legislation ==
{{see also|List of environmental laws by country#Canada}}

The department administers and assists in the administration of nearly c. 24 acts through regulations and through "voluntary and regulated agreements with individuals or multiple parties in Canada and elsewhere to define mutual commitments, roles and responsibilities and actions on specific environmental issues."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ec.gc.ca/default.asp?lang=En&n=48D356C1-1 |title=Environment Canada – Acts, regulations and agreements |publisher=Ec.gc.ca |date=August 28, 2013 |access-date=January 22, 2014}}</ref>

=== ''Canada National Parks Act'' ===
The ''[[Canada National Parks Act]]'' governs [[Parks Canada Agency]].

=== ''Canada Wildlife Act'' ===
''[[Canada Wildlife Act]]'' (R.S.C., 1985, c. W-9) Amended in June 2012 by Bill C-38<ref>{{cite web|url=http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/W-9/index.html |title=Canada Wildlife Act |publisher=Laws-lois.justice.gc.ca |access-date=January 22, 2014}}</ref> 'allows for the creation, management and protection of wildlife areas' to preserve habitats, particularly for at risk species and requires permits for specified activities in designated wildlife areas.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ec.gc.ca/alef-ewe/default.asp?lang=en&n=E8EA5606-1 |title=Environment Canada – Enforcement – Canada Wildlife Act |publisher=Ec.gc.ca |date=July 23, 2013 |access-date=January 22, 2014}}</ref>

=== ''Impact Assessment Act'' (2019) ===

The ''Environmental Protection and Enhancement Act'' (2000) "supports and promotes the protection, enhancement, and wise use of the environment.  The Act's individual regulations cover a wide range of activities, from beverage container recycling and pesticide sales, potable water, to wastewater and storm drainage."{{Sfn|waterpolicy.ca|nd}}

=== ''Migratory Birds Convention Act'' ===
First enacted in 1917, the ''[[Migratory Birds Convention Act]]'' protects most species of birds in Canada through regulations surrounding hunting, culling, and scientific research.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Branch|first=Legislative Services|date=December 12, 2017|title=Consolidated federal laws of canada, Migratory Birds Convention Act, 1994|url=https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/M-7.01/index.html|access-date=June 25, 2021|website=laws-lois.justice.gc.ca}}</ref>

== Publications album ==
<gallery>
File:Climatic Normals 1931-1960 Volume1 Temperature.pdf|Volume I of the Climate Report, published in 1964
File:Climatic Normals 1931-1960 Volume2 Precipitation.pdf|Volume II of the Climate Report, published in 1964
File:Climatic Normals 1931-1960 Volume3 Sunshine Cloud Pressure Thunderstorms.pdf|Volume III of the Climate Report, published in 1964
File:Climatic Normals 1931-1960 Volume4 Humidity.pdf|Volume IV of the Climate Report, published in 1964
File:Climatic Normals 1931-1960 Volume5 Wind.pdf|Volume V of the Climate Report, published in 1964
File:Canadian Normals Volume 1 1941-1970.pdf|Volume I of the Climate Report, published in 1973
File:Canadian Normals Volume 2 1941-1970.pdf|Volume II of the Climate Report, published in 1973
</gallery>

== See also ==
{{Portal|Canada|Environment}}
* [[Environment of Canada]]
* [[Accelerated Reduction/Elimination of Toxics]]
* [[Alberta Hail Project]]
* [[North American Game Warden Museum]]
* [[Ernie Cooper]]
* [[New Brunswick Environmental and Heritage Acts]]
* [[Weatheradio Canada]]

== Notes ==
{{Reflist|group="NB"}}

== References ==
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}{{reflist|2}}

== Additional reading ==
* {{citation|work=Canadian Wildlife Service |access-date=December 26, 2013 |year=2002–2010 |title=Canadian Wildlife Service homepage |url=https://www.ec.gc.ca/paom-itmb/default.asp?lang=En&n=5F569149-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130415203144/https://www.ec.gc.ca/paom-itmb/default.asp?lang=En&n=5F569149-1 |archive-date=April 15, 2013 |ref={{SfnRef|2002–2010}} }}
* {{citation |ref={{harvid|Canadian Wildlife Service|2002–2010}} |work=Canadian Wildlife Service |access-date=December 26, 2013 |year=2002–2010 |title=Canadian Wildlife Service homepage |url=http://www.cws-scf.ec.gc.ca/index_e.cfm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100209072239/http://www.cws-scf.ec.gc.ca/index_e.cfm |archive-date=February 9, 2010 }}
* {{citation|url=http://www.ec.gc.ca/default.asp?lang=En&n=BD3CE17D-1|title= About Environment Canada|work=Environment Canada|access-date=December 26, 2013|date=November 17, 2013|ref={{SfnRef|Environment Canada|2013}}}}
* {{citation|url=http://www.waterpolicy.ca/comparison.php?ids=1 |title=Water Policy |access-date=December 26, 2013 |date=n.d. |work=waterpolicy.ca |ref={{SfnRef|waterpolicy.ca|nd}} |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304073538/http://www.waterpolicy.ca/comparison.php?ids=1 |archive-date=March 4, 2016 }}
*In 2019, ECCC released a report called ''Canada's Changing Climate Report'' (CCCR). It is essentially a summary of the IPCC 5th Assessment Report, customized for Canada.<ref>''Canada's Changing Climate Report'',[https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/sites/www.nrcan.gc.ca/files/energy/Climate-change/pdf/CCCR_FULLREPORT-EN-FINAL.pdf Natural Resources Canada], Retrieved May 20, 2019</ref> The report states that [[coastal flooding]] is expected to increase in many areas due to global sea-level rise and local land subsidence or uplift.

== External links ==
*[http://www.ec.gc.ca/ Environment and Climate Change Canada]
*{{YouTube|u=environmentcan|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}
*[http://www.weatheroffice.gc.ca/ Meteorological Service of Canada] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191223083846/http://www.weatheroffice.gc.ca/ |date=December 23, 2019 }}
*[http://www.pc.gc.ca/ Parks Canada]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090305071257/http://www.ec.gc.ca/introec/orgs_e.htm Select programs and services of Environment Canada]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070210013857/http://www.ec.gc.ca/EnviroRegs/ENG/Default.cfm Related acts and regulations]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20041031033444/http://www.ec.gc.ca/pdb/npri/npri_home_e.cfm/ National Pollutant Release Inventory]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060414235334/http://www.msc-smc.ec.gc.ca/ Meteorological Service of Canada]
*[http://www.ec.gc.ca/rhc-wsc/ Water Survey of Canada]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120813042851/http://www.ec.gc.ca/meteo-weather/default.asp?lang=En&n=BBCCE501-1 Canadian Lightning Detection Network]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20131120052554/http://www.on.ec.gc.ca/press.cfm?Year=All&Lang=e Press releases issued by Environment Canada for Ontario – entire archive]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110318023734/http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/index.html Consolidated Acts and Regulations of Canada]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120222024129/http://www.top500.org/site/history/2433 Environment Canada on top500.org]
*[http://www.nimonik.ca/ Plain language environmental regulations in Canada – with updates and other info]

{{Government Departments of Canada}}
{{Law enforcement agencies in Canada}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Federal departments and agencies of Canada]]
[[Category:Environment and Climate Change Canada| ]]
[[Category:Environment ministries|Canada]]
[[Category:Federal law enforcement agencies of Canada]]
[[Category:Regulators of biotechnology products]]
[[Category:Environmental protection agencies|Canada]]
[[Category:Ministries established in 1971]]
[[Category:Uniformed services of Canada]]
[[Category:1971 establishments in Canada]]
[[Category:Regulators of Canada]]