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Erdenet
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{{Short description|Provincial capital of Orkhon Province, Mongolia}} {{Infobox settlement | name = Erdenet | native_name = {{nativename|mn|Эрдэнэт}}<br>{{lower|0.2em|{{MongolUnicode|ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠲᠦ}}}} | native_name_lang = mn | settlement_type = [[Districts of Mongolia|District]] | official_name = {{raise|0.1em|Bayan-Öndör District}}<br>Баян-Өндөр сум<br>{{lower|0.2em|{{MongolUnicode|ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠠᠨ}}{{MongolUnicode|ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ}}{{MongolUnicode|ᠰᠤᠮᠤ}}}} | nickname = | motto = | image_skyline = Erdenet 01.jpg | imagesize = | image_caption = View of Erdenet | image_flag = Erdenet City Flag.png | flag_size = | image_seal = Mn coa erdenet.png | seal_size = | image_shield = | shield_size = | image_blank_emblem = | blank_emblem_size = | image_map = | mapsize = 280 | map_caption = | image_map1 = | mapsize1 = | map_caption1 = | subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] | subdivision_name = [[Mongolia]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Mongolia|Province]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Orkhon Province]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | seat_type = | seat = | government_type = | leader_title = | leader_name = | leader_title1 = <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager --> | leader_name1 = | established_title = Founded | established_date = 1974 | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 208.0 | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | area_total_sq_mi = | area_land_sq_mi = | area_water_sq_mi = | area_water_percent = | area_urban_km2 = | area_urban_sq_mi = | area_metro_km2 = | area_metro_sq_mi = | population_as_of = 2017 | population_footnotes = | population_note = | population_total = 97814 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_density_sq_mi = | population_metro = | population_density_metro_km2 = | population_density_metro_sq_mi = | population_urban = | population_density_urban_km2 = | population_density_urban_mi2 = | timezone = Mongolian Standard Time | utc_offset = +8 | pushpin_map = Mongolia | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | pushpin_mapsize = 300 | coordinates = {{coord|49|01|40|N|104|02|40|E|display=inline, title}} | elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> | elevation_m = 1280 | elevation_ft = | area_code = +976 7035 (7039) | registration_plate = OP_ ( _ variable) | blank_name = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]] | blank_info = [[Subarctic climate|Dwc]] | website = {{url|www.erdenet.mn}} | footnotes = }} '''Erdenet''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɜːr|d|ɪ|n|ɛ|t}}; {{langx|mn|Эрдэнэт}} {{IPA|mn|ért(ɘ)nɘtʰ|}}, 'precious, valuable') is the third-largest city in [[Mongolia]] and the provincial capital of [[Orkhon Province|Orkhon]]. Located in the northern Mongolia, it lies in a valley between the [[Selenga River|Selenge]] and [[Orkhon River|Orkhon]] rivers about {{cvt|240|km|0}} ([[as the crow flies]]) northwest of [[Ulaanbaatar]], [[Darkhan (city)|Darkhan]], the capital. The road length between Ulaanbaatar and Erdenet is about {{convert|370|km|0|abbr=on}}. As of the 2018 census, the city had a population of 98,057. ==History== Erdenet, one of the youngest settlements in Mongolia, was founded in 1974<ref name="Michael Kohn p. 142">Michael Kohn: ''Mongolia'', p. 142, London (2008)<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed --></ref> in an area where large deposits of [[copper]] had been discovered in the 1950s. A single-track railway line with a length of {{cvt|120|km|0}} linking Erdenet to the [[Trans-Mongolian Railway]] was inaugurated in 1977.<ref>Werner Elstner: ''Mongolei'', p. 146, Berlin 1993</ref> In the middle of the 1980s, more than 50% of the inhabitants were Russians working as engineers or miners. After the fall of Soviet Communism in 1990, however, most Russians left Erdenet. Today, about 10% of the population is Russian.<ref name="Michael Kohn p. 142"/> === Erdenet Mining Corporation === {{Main|Erdenet Mining Corporation}} The Erdenet Mining Corporation is a joint Mongolian-Russian venture, and accounts for a majority of Mongolia's [[hard currency]] income. Erdenet mines 22.23 million tons of ore per year, producing 126,700 tons of copper and 1,954 tons of molybdenum.<ref>Montsame News Agency. ''Mongolia'' (2006), Foreign Service Office of [[Montsame News Agency]], {{ISBN|99929-0-627-8}}, pg. 80</ref> The mine accounts for 13.5% of Mongolia's GDP and 7% of tax revenue.<ref>Montsame News Agency. ''Mongolia'' (2006), Foreign Service Office of [[Montsame News Agency]]; {{ISBN|99929-0-627-8}}, pg. 83</ref> About 8,000 people are employed in the mine.<ref>Michael Kohn: ''Mongolia'', p. 143, London (2008)<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed --></ref> ==Transport== Erdenet is linked to Ulaanbaatar, the capital of Mongolia, and to the towns of [[Darkhan (city)|Darkhan]] and [[Bulgan (city)|Bulgan]] by a paved road and is easily accessible by bus several times each day. The distance to the capital where the nearest airport is situated amounts to {{cvt|370|km|0}} and travel by car takes about eight hours. ==Landmarks== Erdenet is home to several cultural and economic landmarks. The Erdenet Carpet Factory, established in 1981 about {{convert|2|km|0|abbr=on}} east of the city center, processes approximately 2,000 tons of wool annually and employs around 1,100 workers.<ref>Marion Wisotzki. ''Mongolei'', p.227, Berlin 2010</ref> Cultural institutions include the Mining Museum, located in the Palace of Culture on the central square,<ref>Michael Kohn: ''Mongolia'', p. 144, London (2008)</ref> and the [[Museum of Orkhon Province]], founded in 1983. The [[Friendship Monument]], erected in 1984, stands on a hill in northeastern Erdenet. [[Amarbayasgalant Monastery]], a major Buddhist site located about {{convert|60|km|0|abbr=on}} northeast of Erdenet, was founded between 1727 and 1737, partially destroyed in 1937, and restored after 1975 with support from [[UNESCO]]. ==Population== {| class="wikitable" |+ Erdenet population<ref name="new">[http://www.nso.mn/mdg/eng_index.htm National Statistical Office] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070607183346/http://www.nso.mn/mdg/eng_index.htm|date=7 June 2007}}</ref><ref name="old">National Economy of the Mongolian People's Republic (1921-1981), Ulaanbaatar (1981)</ref><ref name="GeoHive">{{cite web|url=http://www.geohive.com/cntry/mongolia.aspx|title=www.geohive.com geregistreerd via Argeweb - webhosting en domeinregistratie|website=www.geohive.com}}</ref><ref name="historical">{{cite web|url=http://www.populstat.info|title=Population statistics: historical demography|website=www.populstat.info}}</ref><ref name="secondary Cities">[http://siteresources.worldbank.org/MONGOLIAEXTN/Resources/Mon_CDS_2_city_engl.pdf Mongolia City Development Strategies for Secondary Cities], worldbank.org; accessed 22 February 2017.</ref><ref name="year2008">[http://www.statis.mn/portal/content_files/comppmedia/cxls0x204.xls Statistical Report 2008] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722220316/http://www.statis.mn/portal/content_files/comppmedia/cxls0x204.xls |date=2011-07-22 }}, statis.mn; accessed 22 February 2017.</ref> |- ! 1975 <br> est. ! 1979 <br> census ! 1981 <br> est. ! 1985 <br> est. ! 1989 <br> census ! 1994 <br> est. ! 2000 <br> census ! 2003 <br> est. ! 2004 <br> est. ! 2005 <br> est. ! 2006 <br> est. ! 2007 <br> est. ! 2008 <br> est. |- |4,100||31,900||38,700||45,400||56,100||63,000||68,310||78,882||80,858||81,249||83,160||85,121||86,866 |- |} ==Climate== Erdenet has a cold [[semi-arid climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]]: ''BSk''). Summers are typically warm and rainy with cool nights, while winters are long, very cold, and dry. {{Weather box|width = auto |location = [[Bulgan (city)|Bulgan]]{{efn|Bulgan is located approximately {{convert|40|km|1|abbr=out}} south-west of Erdenet.}}, elevation {{convert|1219|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020, extremes 1941–present) |metric first = Yes |single line = Yes |collapsed = Y |Jan record high C = 6.0 |Feb record high C = 12.0 |Mar record high C = 21.0 |Apr record high C = 31.4 |May record high C = 36.0 |Jun record high C = 36.2 |Jul record high C = 38.3 |Aug record high C = 35.3 |Sep record high C = 30.5 |Oct record high C = 24.4 |Nov record high C = 16.2 |Dec record high C = 10.9 |Jan high C = -13.2 |Feb high C = -7.9 |Mar high C = 1.7 |Apr high C = 11.5 |May high C = 18.5 |Jun high C = 23.3 |Jul high C = 24.5 |Aug high C = 22.5 |Sep high C = 17.1 |Oct high C = 8.7 |Nov high C = -3.2 |Dec high C = -11.3 |Jan mean C = -20.8 |Feb mean C = -16.9 |Mar mean C = -7.3 |Apr mean C = 3.0 |May mean C = 9.8 |Jun mean C = 15.5 |Jul mean C = 17.7 |Aug mean C = 15.2 |Sep mean C = 8.5 |Oct mean C = -0.1 |Nov mean C = -10.7 |Dec mean C = -18.3 |Jan low C = -26.4 |Feb low C = -23.8 |Mar low C = -14.9 |Apr low C = -4.9 |May low C = 1.1 |Jun low C = 7.8 |Jul low C = 11.2 |Aug low C = 8.7 |Sep low C = 1.2 |Oct low C = -6.8 |Nov low C = -16.7 |Dec low C = -23.7 |Jan record low C = −41.6 |Feb record low C = -40.2 |Mar record low C = −35.2 |Apr record low C = -22.2 |May record low C = -12.8 |Jun record low C = -8.9 |Jul record low C = 0.0 |Aug record low C = -3.0 |Sep record low C = -14.6 |Oct record low C = -28.2 |Nov record low C = −38.5 |Dec record low C = −39.3 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 2 |Feb precipitation mm = 2 |Mar precipitation mm = 5 |Apr precipitation mm = 13 |May precipitation mm = 21 |Jun precipitation mm = 57 |Jul precipitation mm = 97 |Aug precipitation mm = 66 |Sep precipitation mm = 28 |Oct precipitation mm = 8 |Nov precipitation mm = 5 |Dec precipitation mm = 2 |Jan humidity = 75.4 |Feb humidity = 72.5 |Mar humidity = 66.2 |Apr humidity = 55.6 |May humidity = 54.4 |Jun humidity = 63.0 |Jul humidity = 71.6 |Aug humidity = 73.9 |Sep humidity = 68.7 |Oct humidity = 68.5 |Nov humidity = 73.5 |Dec humidity = 76.1 |year humidity = |unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm |Jan precipitation days = 1.1 |Feb precipitation days = 1.5 |Mar precipitation days = 2.0 |Apr precipitation days = 2.7 |May precipitation days = 4.1 |Jun precipitation days = 8.2 |Jul precipitation days = 11.4 |Aug precipitation days = 9.4 |Sep precipitation days = 4.5 |Oct precipitation days = 2.5 |Nov precipitation days = 1.9 |Dec precipitation days = 1.5 |year precipitation days = 50.7 |source 1 =Pogoda.ru.net <ref name=pogoda> {{cite web|url=http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate4.php?id=44239|script-title=ru:КЛИМАТ БУЛГАНА|publisher=Pogoda.ru.net|language=ru|access-date=4 January 2015}}</ref> |source 2 =[[NOAA]]<ref name= NOAA>{{cite web |url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-II/MO/44239.TXT |title = Bulgan Climate Normals 1991-2020 |publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200726123201/ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-II/MO/44239.TXT |archive-date = 2020-07-26 |url-status = dead |accessdate = January 13, 2013}}</ref> |date=January 2011 }} ==Gallery== <gallery class="center" widths="180px"> File:Fraternity monument Erdenet.jpg|[[Friendship Monument]] File:Erdenet 03.JPG|City Centre File:Erdenet 04.JPG|Main Street File:ErdenetCentro.jpg|City Centre File:ErdenetMercado.jpg|Market in the center File:ErdenetEstatua.jpg|New Buddha Statue File:ErdenetBarrio1.jpg|Residential area with [[LDS Church]] File:ErdenetBarrio2.jpg|Typical residential area in the west of Erdenet File:ErdenetParque.jpg|Amusement park </gallery> == Notable residents == * [[Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj]], former President of Mongolia * [[Oleksandr Zelenskyy]], mining engineer and father of [[Volodymyr Zelenskyy]] * [[Volodymyr Zelenskyy]], current President of [[Ukraine]] ==Twin towns – sister cities== Erdenet is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with: {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="font-size:100%; background:#FFFFEF; float:left;" |- ! City ! Region ! Country |- | [[Fairbanks, Alaska|Fairbanks]] | {{flagicon|Alaska}} [[Alaska]] | {{flagicon|USA}} United States |- | [[Ulan-Ude]] | {{flagicon|Buryatia}} [[Buryatia]] | {{flagicon|RUS}} Russia |- | [[Edremit, Balıkesir|Edremit]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://balikesir.bel.tr/documents/file/bb_FoldersFiles/KY14_Karde%C5%9F%20%C5%9Eehirler-031a5a69-a5ce-42fb-b9cb-bfc003ee61f8.pdf|title=Sister/Twin Cities of Balıkesir Province}}</ref> |[[Balıkesir Province|Balıkesir]] | {{flagicon|TUR}} Turkey |- | [[Székesfehérvár]]<ref name="Székesfehérvár twinning">{{cite web|url=http://onkormanyzat.szekesfehervar.hu/index.php?pg=page_49881|title=Partnervárosok Névsora Partner és Testvérvárosok Névsora|access-date=22 February 2017|last=Bozsoki|first=Agnes|work=City of Székesfehérvár|language=hu|trans-title=Partner and Twin Cities List|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121208035612/http://onkormanyzat.szekesfehervar.hu/index.php?pg=page_49881|archive-date=8 December 2012}}</ref> | {{flagicon|Fejér County}} [[Fejér County]] | {{flagicon|Hungary}} Hungary |} {{clear}} ==Notes== {{notelist}} == References == {{Reflist}} == External links == {{Commons category}} {{Wikivoyage|Erdenet}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20091022143745/http://www.erdenetmc.mn/web_eng/index.php?s_id=11&top_id=1 Erdenet Mining Corporation] {{Districts of Orkhon}} {{Provincial capitals of Mongolia}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Erdenet| ]] [[Category:Districts of Orkhon Province]] [[Category:Populated places established in 1975]] [[Category:Mining communities in Mongolia]] [[Category:Socialist planned cities]]
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