Editing Ernest Manning

{{Short description|Premier of Alberta from 1943 to 1968}}
{{Use Canadian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix    = [[The Honourable]]
| name                = Ernest Manning
| honorific_suffix    = {{post-nominals|country=CAN|PC|CC|AOE|size=100%}}
| image               = Ernest Manning.jpg
| caption             = Manning in 1943
| order               = 8th
| office              = Premier of Alberta
| term_start          = May 31, 1943
| term_end            = December 12, 1968
| predecessor         = [[William Aberhart]]
| successor           = [[Harry Strom|Harry E. Strom]]
| monarch             = [[George VI]]<br />[[Elizabeth II]]
| lieutenant_governor = [[John C. Bowen]]<br />[[John J. Bowlen]]<br />[[John Percy Page]]<br />[[Grant MacEwan]]
| office1              = [[Senate of Canada|Senator]] for Edmonton West
| appointed1           = [[Pierre Trudeau]]
| term_start1          = October 7, 1970
| term_end1            = September 20, 1983
| office2              = Member of the [[Legislative Assembly of Alberta]]
| term_start2          = June 18, 1959
| term_end2            = December 11, 1968
| predecessor2         = ''District established''
| successor2           = [[William Yurko]]
| constituency2        = [[Strathcona East]]
| term_start3          = March 21, 1940
| term_end3            = June 18, 1959
| predecessor3         = [[William R. Howson|William Howson]]
| successor3           = ''District abolished''
| constituency3        = [[Edmonton (provincial electoral district)|Edmonton]]
| term_start4          = November 4, 1935
| term_end4            = March 21, 1940
| predecessor4         = [[William Henry Ross|William Ross]]<br />[[Hugh Farthing]]<br />[[Norman Hindsley]]
| successor4           = [[Andrew Davison]]<br />William Aberhart<br />[[James Mahaffey]]
| constituency4        = [[Calgary (provincial electoral district)|Calgary]]
| birth_name           = Ernest Charles Manning
| birth_date           = {{birth date|1908|9|20}}
| birth_place          = [[Carnduff]], [[Saskatchewan]], Canada
| death_date           = {{death date and age|1996|02|19|1908|09|20}}
| death_place          = [[Calgary]], [[Alberta]], Canada
| party                = 
[[Social Credit Party of Canada]] (federal)<br />[[Social Credit Party of Alberta]] (provincial)
| otherparty          = 
| spouse              = {{marriage|Muriel Aileen Preston|1936}}
| children            = 2, including [[Preston Manning|Preston]]
| signature           = Ernest Manning Signature.svg
| allegiance          = [[Canada]]
| branch              = [[Canadian Militia#World Wars and Interwar period|Canadian Militia]]
| serviceyears       = 1939–1943
| rank               = [[Captain (Canada)|Captain]]
| unit               = [[The Loyal Edmonton Regiment (4th Battalion, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry)|Edmonton Regiment]]
| battles            = [[World War II]]
}}

'''Ernest Charles Manning''' {{post-nominals|country=CAN|PC|CC|AOE}} (September 20, 1908 – February 19, 1996) was a [[Canadians|Canadian]] politician and the eighth [[premier of Alberta]] between 1943 and 1968 for the [[Social Credit Party of Alberta]]. He served longer than any other premier in the province's history and was the second longest-serving provincial premier in [[History of Canada|Canadian history]] (after [[George Henry Murray]] of [[Nova Scotia]]).

Manning's 25 consecutive years as premier were defined by strong [[social conservatism]] and [[fiscal conservatism]]. He was also the only member of the [[Social Credit Party of Canada]] to sit in the [[Senate of Canada|Senate]] and, with the party shut out of the [[House of Commons of Canada|House of Commons]] in 1980, was its last representative in Parliament when he retired from the Senate in 1983.

Manning's son, [[Preston Manning]], was the founder and leader of the [[Reform Party of Canada]] who served as the federal [[Leader of the Official Opposition (Canada)|leader of the Official Opposition]] from 1997 to 2000.<ref name=Britannica>{{cite web | url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Preston-Manning | title=Preston Manning: Canadian politician | publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica }}</ref>

==Early life and career==
[[File:Ernest_Manning_c_1935.png|thumb|right|Ernest C. Manning, 1935]]
Manning was born in [[Carnduff]], Saskatchewan, in 1908 to George Henry Manning (1872–1956) and Elizabeth Mara Dixon (1870–1949). George had immigrated from [[England]] in 1900 and was followed by his fiancé in 1903. Their Carnduff homestead being inadequate, they moved to a new one in [[Rosetown, Saskatchewan]], in 1909.{{sfn|Perry|Craig|2006|p=451}} In his childhood, Ernest was not especially religious and only occasionally attended a [[Methodist]] church in town.{{sfn|Brennan|2008|p=1-5}}

Manning was among the first students of [[William Aberhart]]'s Calgary Prophetic Bible Institute (CPBI), which opened in 1927, and became its first graduate in April 1930,{{sfn|Brennan|2008|p=4-11}} having heard of it over a radio broadcast.  There he met his future wife, Muriel Preston, who was the institute's pianist and later served as the National Bible Hour's musical coordinator. As a student, Manning soon caught the attention of Aberhart and quickly became his assistant at CPBI. "During his second and third years at the institute, Manning lived in the Aberhart home. After graduation, the Aberhart devotee became a teacher at the institute and played a role in the management of the organization's business affairs."<ref name="archive.org">{{cite book |last1=Finkel |first1=Alvin |title=The Social Credit phenomenon in Alberta |date=1989 |publisher=Toronto, Ont. : University of Toronto Press |isbn=9781442682382 |page=84 |url=https://archive.org/details/socialcreditphen0000fink/page/84/mode/2up |access-date=18 April 2022}}</ref> In 1930, he began preaching on Aberhart's weekly "Back to the Bible Hour" radio program, a practice that he continued throughout his life, even after he had entered politics. The broadcasts were eventually aired on over 90 [[radio broadcasting|radio stations]] across [[Canada]] from [[Halifax, Nova Scotia|Halifax]] to [[Vancouver]] and had a large listening audience.<ref>{{cite book |author1=David Marshall |editor1-last=Marguerite Van Die |title=Religion and Public Life in Canada: Historical and Comparative Perspectives |date=2001 |publisher=University of Toronto Press |isbn=9780802082459 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GxZqGT-IrJ4C&pg=PA237 |access-date=2018-09-25 |chapter=11: Premier E.C. Manning, ''Back to the Bible Hour'', and Fundamentalism in Canada}}</ref>

In 1935, Manning went into the realm of provincial politics as Aberhart's right-hand man. Together, they created the Social Credit Party with the aim of bringing financial relief to Albertans, who were suffering because of the [[Great Depression]].

==Early provincial political career==
{{Main article|Alberta Social Credit Party}}
"Manning followed Aberhart into politics, becoming a key Social Credit organizer, and platform speaker before the 1935 election."<ref name="archive.org"/> In the [[1935 Alberta general election|1935 provincial election]], he was elected to the [[Legislative Assembly of Alberta]] as a Social Credit MLA from [[Calgary]]. The Socreds won an unexpected landslide victory in that election by winning 56 of the 62 seats in the [[Alberta Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]]. The [[United Farmers of Alberta]], which had governed the province for fourteen years, lost every one of its seats and would never return to the legislature. Manning was named to the provincial cabinet at just 26 years old, becoming Alberta's [[provincial secretary]] and minister of trade and industry. Manning devoted himself wholly to his work, to such an extent that his health began to suffer. He eventually developed a bout of [[tuberculosis]] in November 1936, returning to work after just three month's convalescence.<ref name="archive.org"/> At the [[1940 Alberta general election|1940 election]], he switched seats and was elected from [[Edmonton]], where he would remain for the rest of his political career. In 1943, he became Socred leader.

At the outbreak of [[World War II]], Manning joined the [[The Loyal Edmonton Regiment (4th Battalion, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry)|Edmonton Regiment]] of the [[Non-Permanent Active Militia]], qualifying as a lieutenant. In 1943, he was promoted to the rank of captain. He had to discontinue his military duties when he was appointed Premier of Alberta.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Honourable Ernest Manning, 1943 - 1968 |url=http://www.abheritage.ca/abpolitics/people/prem_manning.html |website=AB heritage |publisher=Alberta Online Encyclopedia |access-date=8 Dec 2010 |archive-date=8 December 2010 |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/2217/20101208163038/http://www.abheritage.ca/abpolitics/people/prem_manning.html |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref>

==Premier of Alberta==
"Manning's take-over of the premiership at Aberhart's sudden death in May 1943 was a foregone conclusion. He had been Aberhart's religious protege and his closest associate in cabinet. He was regarded by Aberhart, who had two daughters, almost as a son."<ref name="archive.org"/> Manning twice honoured Aberhart's 1935 promise to issue a [[Prosperity Certificate]] to Albertans. In 1957, his government announced a $20 Alberta Oil Royalty Dividend and issued a $17 dividend the next year. The policy was widely criticized, and the next year, Manning agreed to use oil royalties on public works and social programs instead.<ref name="ReferenceA">Donn Downey, "OBITUARY / Ernest Charles Manning History of former Alberta premier also history of Socreds," ''Globe and Mail'', February 20, 1996</ref>

In 1935, Manning had famously entered the [[Aberhart Ministry|Alberta Cabinet]] as [[Provincial Secretary]] at only 26 years old. He was the youngest [[cabinet minister]] in all of British parliamentary history since [[William Pitt the Younger]], who had served as the prime minister of [[Great Britain]] 152 years earlier. When he became premier at the age of 35, he was the youngest [[first minister]] since Pitt. Besides serving as premier, he also held numerous other positions including Provincial Treasurer from 1944 to 1954, Minister of Mines and Minerals from 1952 to 1962, minister of trade and industry, [[attorney general]] from 1955 to 1968, and president of the executive council.<ref>{{cite web |title=Senator The Honourable Ernest Charles Manning |url=https://www.alberta.ca/aoe-ernest-manning.aspx |website=www.alberta.ca |publisher=Government of Alberta |access-date=20 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Honourable Ernest Manning, 1943 - 1968 |url=http://www.abheritage.ca/abpolitics/people/prem_manning.html |website=AB heritage |publisher=Alberta Online Encyclopedia |access-date=8 Dec 2010 |archive-date=8 December 2010 |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/2217/20101208163038/http://www.abheritage.ca/abpolitics/people/prem_manning.html |url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref>

Under Manning, Alberta became a virtual one-party province. He led Social Credit to seven consecutive election victories between [[1944 Alberta general election|1944]] and [[1967 Alberta general election|1967]], usually with more than 50% of the popular vote, and only once had to face more than 10 opposition MLAs. The height of his popularity came in [[1963 Alberta general election|1963]], when the Socreds campaigned under the slogan "63 in '63," a clean sweep of the then 63-seat legislature. They fell short of that goal, but still reduced the opposition to only three MLAs (two [[Alberta Liberal Party|Liberals]] and one running with the support of both the Liberals and [[Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta|Progressive Conservatives]]) in total. It is still the biggest majority government, in terms of percentage of seats won, in Alberta's history. Social Credit's electoral success was based in part on what was viewed as its [[peace, order and good government|good government]] of the province. Manning himself always held the view that "both God and the people had some say in how long he would be premier — and he was not about to argue with either."<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |title=Ernest Manning |url=https://www.canadianchristianleaders.org/leader/ernest-manning/ |website=Online Encyclopedia of Canadian Christian Leaders |access-date=21 December 2021}}</ref>

However, an ominous sign came during Manning's last victory, when the once-moribund Progressive Conservatives, led by [[Peter Lougheed]] won six seats, mostly in Calgary and Edmonton. More seriously, the PCs did well enough across the rest of the province to hold Social Credit to 45 percent of the vote, its lowest vote share since 1940. Manning retired in 1968, and Social Credit was knocked out of office three years later. It has never come within sight of power again. By the time Manning left the legislature, only he, [[Alfred Hooke]], and [[William Tomyn]] were left from the original 1935 caucus. Of that trio, Hooke was the only one who served in the legislature without interruption for Social Credit's entire run in government from 1935 to 1971 (Tomyn left the Legislative Assembly from 1952 to 1959).

===Social Credit policy===
Under Manning, the party largely abandoned [[social credit|social credit theories]]. He had been a devoutly loyal supporter of Aberhart from the very beginning and so it is not clear why he was so willing to abandon his party's traditional ideology. One likely explanation may have been pragmatic; many of Social Credit's policy goals infringed on responsibilities reserved to the federal government under the [[British North America Act, 1867|British North America Act]]. Manning, however, honoured Aberhart's 1935 promise to issue a [[Prosperity Certificate]] to Albertans twice. In 1957, his government announced a $20 Alberta Oil Royalty Dividend and issued a $17 dividend the next year. The policy was widely criticized, and the next year, Manning agreed to use oil royalties on public works and social programs instead.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>

===Development of oil sands===
[[File:Athabasca Oil Sands map.png|thumb|right|Athabasca Oil Sands.]]
In 1945 the Abasand plant again burned down; this time, it was not rebuilt. The huge discoveries of conventional oil at Leduc and [[Redwater, Alberta|Redwater]] cast even more doubt upon the development of the oil sands because of the difficulty in accessing and processing the bitumen and the numerous technical problems. Manning, however, was not dissuaded since he was convinced that the oil sands would grant the province incredible wealth. He even went so far as to convince the entire Alberta Legislature to visit the Bitumount plant in 1949 since he believed that they would agree to continue development after it had witnessed the success in separating the oil sands. Manning also commissioned a [[petroleum engineer]] by the name of [[S. Robert Blair|Sidney Robert Blair]] to prepare a report on the economic feasibility of the separation process. With Pew's support, Sun Oil's majority-owned subsidiary, [[Great Canadian Oil Sands]] (GCOS), filed an application for a commercial oil sands project in Canada in 1962, the first-ever constructed.<ref name="Great_Oil_Age_1993">{{citation |first1=Peter |last1=McKenzie-Brown |first2=Gordon |last2=Jaremko |first3=David |last3=Finch |title=The Great Oil Age |publisher=Detselig Enterprises Ltd. |location=Calgary |year=1993}}</ref>

At the opening ceremonies for the Great Canadian Oil Sands plant, Pew repeated Manning's belief of the need for the [[oil sands]]. Telling his audience, "No nation can long be secure in this atomic age unless it be amply supplied with petroleum.... It is the considered opinion of our group that if the North American continent is to produce the oil to meet its requirements in the years ahead, oil from the Athabasca area must of necessity play an important role."<ref name="Great_Oil_Age_1993"/>

===Adopton of Albertan flag===
[[File:Flag of Alberta.svg|thumb|right|upright=1.3|The [[Flag of Alberta]] adopted on June 1, 1968]]
Around the time of the upcoming centennial celebration of [[Canadian Confederation]], petitions were submitted in November 1966 to Manning by the Social Credit Women's Auxiliaries of the [[Alberta Social Credit League]] to give Alberta its own unique flag. The flag was designed and approved as the official provincial flag by the Alberta legislature on June 1, 1968.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/topic/flag-of-Alberta|title=Flag of Alberta - Canadian provincial flag|access-date=20 February 2018}}</ref>

===Social conservatism and faith===
Manning's deep Christian faith gave him a sense of charity to the poor and needy, but unlike the longtime premier of neighbouring Saskatchewan, [[Tommy Douglas]], Manning was an outspoken critic of government involvement in society. Manning remained a staunch anti-communist, and encouraged strong religious, individual, and corporate initiatives in addressing and solving social issues. Manning believed that the "government was there to motivate and give direction, not to intervene and carry the load."<ref name="auto1"/>

His views on health care and social issues were heavily shaped by his elder son, Keith, who suffered from [[cerebral palsy]]. "He and his wife Muriel lovingly raised. Keith had suffered [[oxygen deprivation]] at birth."<ref name="auto1"/> Manning improved health services in his province but opposed universal public health insurance. Alberta only signed on to the national medicare system after Manning's retirement as premier.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ernest Manning |url=https://www.historymuseum.ca/cmc/exhibitions/hist/medicare/medic-4k05e.html |website=Making Medicare: The History of Health Care in Canada |publisher=Canadian Museum of History |access-date=19 May 2023}}</ref>

Mannings's faith also heavily influenced his approach to politics. He was always prudent and careful in practicing politics by "always practicing Christian-based reconciliation and conflict resolution."<ref name="auto1"/>

===Anticommunism===
For the [[1944 Alberta general election|1944 election]], Manning campaigned on the labour protections that the party had implemented and used support from the [[Alberta Federation of Labour]] to fend off left-wing challenges from the [[socialist]] [[Co-operative Commonwealth Federation]] and the [[communist]] [[Labour-Progressive Party]].<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|128–129}} Though other unions, particularly those affiliated with the [[Canadian Congress of Labour]], took issue with the Social Credit Party's workers' protections, divisions within the unions and their leadership prevented any effective endorsement of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation.<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|130}} 
During the campaign, Manning likened the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation to "the socialism of [[Nazi Germany|Germany]]."<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|131}} Saying in one "letter to a CCFer, who... had naively written to suggest CCF-Social Credit electoral co-operation: 'it's an insult to suggest to the Canadian people who are sacrificing their sons to remove the curse which the socialism of Germany has brought in the world that their own social and economical security can be attained only by introducing some form of socialism in Canada. the premise embodied in your proposed resolution, namely, that there is such a thing as [[democratic socialism]], contradicts itself in that it attempts to associate two concepts of life which are diametrically opposed and opposite.'"<ref name="The Social Credit phenomenon in Alb">{{cite book |last1=Finkel |first1=Alvin |title=The Social Credit phenomenon in Alberta |date=1989 |publisher=Toronto, Ont. : University of Toronto Press |isbn=9781442682382 |page=86 |url=https://archive.org/details/socialcreditphen0000fink/page/84/mode/2up |access-date=18 April 2022}}</ref> He also said that socialists were trying to "enslave the ordinary people of the world, whose only real salvation lay in the issuance of Social Credit."<ref name="The Social Credit phenomenon in Alb"/>

Manning argued the media and education system was sympathetic to the communist cause. He stated that it is "evident, in my view, in the news media, which are very heavily slanted, as a general rule favorably slanted, to socialist philosophy. This isn't by chance, it's because [[communism]] has been smart enough to see... that there are always a goodly number of men in that field who are sympathetic to the socialistic and even communistic philosophy. You even have the same thing, to varying degrees, in the field of education. It isn't by chance that you find these agitations of Marxism and so forth in many of our universities. It isn't by chance."<ref name="ReferenceB">{{cite book |last1=Finkel |first1=Alvin |title=The Social Credit phenomenon in Alberta |date=1989 |publisher=Toronto, Ont. : University of Toronto Press |isbn=9781442682382 |page=107 |url=https://archive.org/details/socialcreditphen0000fink/page/84/mode/2up |access-date=18 April 2022}}</ref>

The Manning administration, now re-elected with a resounding majority of seats as a result of the 1944 election, devoted itself to an antisocialist crusade.<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|131}} 
In 1946, Manning's government extended censorship to included 16mm films in the hopes of "eliminating communist thought from Alberta-shown movies."<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Finkel|first=Alvin|date=1988|title=The Cold War, Alberta Labour, and the Social Credit Regime|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25142941|journal=Labour / Le Travail | volume=21|pages=123–152|doi=10.2307/25142941|jstor=25142941|issn=0700-3862|url-access=subscription}}</ref>{{Rp|131}}

In January 1948, a [[coal miners]]' strike broke out, with thousands of miners threatening the provincial [[electrical grid]] since most electricity was generated from [[coal]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Contraction and Expansion: 1930–1950 |url=http://history.alberta.ca/energyheritage/coal/contraction-and-expansion-1930-1950/default.aspx |website=history.alberta.ca |publisher=Alberta Culture and Tourism}}</ref> That strike alone accounted for 30% of all of the time that was lost to strikes in Canada in 1948. In Alberta, the time lost was even worse since it was responsible for well over 99% of all of the time lost by strikes for the entire year.<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|133}}
Manning acted swiftly to avert the crisis by rewriting the province's labour laws in March to allow the government to shut down the strike. Labour was greatly weakened by the charges of communism, and Manning's stalwart defiance of union threats caused the unions to attempt to persuade legislators, instead of protesting using strikes or violence, and halted the rise of militant unionism in Alberta.<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|134–135}}

==Federal politics==
Manning also used his strong provincial standing to influence the [[Social Credit Party of Canada|federal Socreds]]. He told the 1961 federal [[leadership convention]] that Alberta would never accept francophone Catholic [[Réal Caouette]] of [[Quebec]] as the party's leader even though Caouette led the party's strongest branch east of [[Manitoba]]. [[Robert N. Thompson]] of Alberta won the election, but Manning's objections to Caouette led to suspicions that the vote was fixed. Indeed, Caouette later claimed that he had enough support to win, but all of the Quebec delegates voted for Thompson after Manning told him, "Tell your people to vote for Thompson because the West will never accept a Roman Catholic French Canadian leader."<ref>Dufresne, Bernard, "Quebec's Socreds vote to Disown Thompson," ''Globe and Mail'', 2 September 1963, p.1</ref>  By then, however, all but four members of the Social Credit federal caucus came from Quebec. In 1963, virtually all of the Socred MPs from Quebec followed Caouette into the [[Ralliement des créditistes]] and left behind a Social Credit rump in [[English Canada]].

"In 1967, Manning's book Political Realignment: A Challenge to Thoughtful Canadians was published. This book is an outline of his views regarding the reorganization of the Canadian federal party system."<ref>{{cite web |title=The Honourable Ernest Manning, 1943 - 1968 |url=http://www.abheritage.ca/abpolitics/people/prem_manning.html |website=AB heritage |publisher=Alberta Online Encyclopedia |access-date=8 Dec 2010 |archive-date=8 December 2010 |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/2217/20101208163038/http://www.abheritage.ca/abpolitics/people/prem_manning.html |url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref>

==Senate and death==
After retirement from provincial politics in 1968, Manning established his own [[management consulting|consulting firm]], Manning Consultants Limited, with his son Preston. In 1970, Ernest was appointed to the Senate, the only Socred ever to serve in that body. The same year, he was made a Companion of the [[Order of Canada]]. He retired from the Senate in 1983 since he had reached the [[mandatory retirement age]] of 75. He died in Calgary in 1996.

==Personal life==
In 1936, Manning married Muriel Aileen Preston, the pianist at the Prophetic Bible Institute. They had two sons.

Their first son, William Keith, commonly called Keith, was born on May 2, 1939. Keith suffered from [[cerebral palsy]]. For stretches of time, he lived at a hospital in [[upstate New York]], the [[Provincial Training School|Red Deer School Hospital]], and a nursing home in [[Edmonton]]. He married fellow nursing home resident Marilyn Brownell, and died from [[cardiac arrest]] on June 29, 1986.{{sfn|Mackey|1997|p=78}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Keith Manning dies in hospital |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/72820974/obituary-for-keith-manning-aged-47/ |access-date=6 March 2021 |work=[[Edmonton Journal]] |date=30 Jun 1986}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=MANNING, William Keith |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/72820887/obituary-for-william-keith-manning/ |access-date=6 March 2021 |work=[[Edmonton Journal]] |date=2 July 1986}}</ref>

Their second son, [[Preston Manning|Ernest Preston]], commonly called Preston, was born on June 10, 1942. Preston went on to found the [[Reform Party of Canada]], and was [[Leader of the Official Opposition (Canada)|leader of the Official Opposition]] in [[Parliament of Canada|parliament]] from 1997 to 2000.
<ref name=Britannica/>

==Legacy==
Manning was appointed as the first member of [[Alberta Order of Excellence]] on September 23, 1981.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ex-premier gets award |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/72822094/ex-premier-gets-award/ |access-date=6 March 2021 |work=[[Calgary Herald]] |agency=[[The Canadian Press]] |date=24 September 1981}}</ref> Manning was also invested as a [[Order of Canada#Companion|Companion of the Order of Canada]]{{Broken anchor|date=2025-04-19|bot=User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|target_link=Order of Canada#Companion|reason= The anchor (Companion) [[Special:Diff/457590642|has been deleted]].|diff_id=457590642}} by Governor-General [[Roland Michener|Michener]] in 1970.<ref>{{cite news |title=Order of Canada honors to 28 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/72822523/order-of-canada-honors-to-28/ |access-date=6 March 2021 |work=[[The Ottawa Citizen]] |agency=[[The Canadian Press]] |date=22 April 1970}}</ref>

A high school and a business park road in Calgary, a [[Manning Drive|freeway road in Edmonton]] and [[Manning, Alberta|town in Northern Alberta]] are named after Ernest Manning. A person with a similar name, Ernest Callaway Manning, is the namesake of [[E. C. Manning Provincial Park]] in British Columbia.

In 1980, the Ernest C. Manning Awards Foundation was created, and the [[Manning Innovation Awards]] were started in 1982, with the purpose of promoting and honouring Canadian innovation.

In 2013, the federal riding of [[Edmonton Manning]] was established in Manning's name.

== Works ==
* {{cite book |last1=Manning |first1=Ernest |title=A white paper on human resources development |date=1967 |publisher=Government of Alberta; Alberta. Office of the Premier |location=Edmonton |url=https://archive.org/details/ableg_33398004633334 |oclc=858331098}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last1=Bell |first1=Edward |editor1-last=Rennie |editor1-first=Bradford James |title=Alberta premiers of the twentieth century |date=2004 |publisher=Canadian Plains Research Center, University of Regina |location=Regina |isbn=978-0-88977-151-2 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/albertapremierso0000unse/page/147 |chapter=Ernest Manning |chapter-url-access=registration}}
* {{cite book |last1=Brennan |first1=Brian |title=The Good Steward |year=2008 |publisher=[[Fitzhenry & Whiteside]] |location=[[Calgary]], Alberta |isbn=9781897252161}}
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Byfield |editor1-first=Ted |title=Leduc, Manning & the Age of Prosperity 1946–1963 |date=2001 |publisher=United Western Communications |location=Edmonton |isbn=0-9695718-9-5 |url=https://archive.org/details/leducmanningageo09byfi |url-access=registration}}
* {{cite book |last1=Mackey |first1=Lloyd |title=Like Father, Like Son: Ernest Manning and Preston Manning |year=1997 |publisher=[[ECW Press]] |location= [[Toronto]] |url=https://archive.org/details/likefatherlikeso0000mack |url-access=registration |isbn=1550222996}}
* {{cite book |last1=Perry |first1=Sandra E. |last2=Craig |first2=Jessica J. |title=The Mantle of Leadership : Premiers of the Northwest Territories and Alberta |year=2006 |publisher=Legislative Assembly of Alberta |location=[[Edmonton]], Alberta |isbn=0-9689217-2-8  |url=https://archive.org/details/centennialseries02perr }}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Ernest Manning}}
{{Wikiquote}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140714122913/https://www.assembly.ab.ca/lao/library/premiers/manning.htm Alberta legislative assembly]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070311134039/http://www.gg.ca/honours/search-recherche/honours-desc.asp?lang=e&TypeID=orc&id=1088 Ernest Manning's Order of Canada Citation]
* {{Canadian Parliament links|ID=5052}}
* [http://politicalpapers.ucalgary.ca/politicians_search Ernest Manning's papers digitized at the University of Calgary Archives]
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{{succession box|
 before=[[William Henry Ross|William Ross]]<br />[[Hugh Farthing]]<br />[[Norman Hindsley]]|
 title=[[Legislative Assembly of Alberta|MLA]] [[Calgary (provincial electoral district)|Calgary]] #1|
 years=1935–1940|
 after=[[Andrew Davison]]<br />[[William Aberhart]]<br />[[James Mahaffey]]
}}
{{succession box|
 before=[[William R. Howson|William Howson]]|
 title=[[Legislative Assembly of Alberta|MLA]] [[Edmonton (provincial electoral district)|Edmonton]] #1|
 years=1940–1959|
 after=District Abolished
}}
{{succession box|
 before=New District|
 title=[[Legislative Assembly of Alberta|MLA]] [[Strathcona East]]|
 years=1959–1968|
 after=[[William Yurko]]
}}
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{{Social Credit}}
{{Alberta Social Credit Party}}
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{{Aberhart Ministry}}
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[[Category:1908 births]]
[[Category:1996 deaths]]
[[Category:Premiers of Alberta]]
[[Category:Alberta Social Credit Party leaders]]
[[Category:Canadian Baptists]]
[[Category:Canadian evangelicals]]
[[Category:Canadian evangelists]]
[[Category:Canadian anti-communists]]
[[Category:Canadian senators from Alberta]]
[[Category:Social Credit Party of Canada senators]]
[[Category:Companions of the Order of Canada]]
[[Category:Alberta Social Credit Party MLAs]]
[[Category:Members of the Alberta Order of Excellence]]
[[Category:Members of the King's Privy Council for Canada]]
[[Category:Politicians from Calgary]]
[[Category:Canadian radio personalities]]
[[Category:20th-century Baptists]]
[[Category:People from Carnduff]]
[[Category:Right-wing populism in Canada]]
[[Category:Conservatism in Canada]]
[[Category:20th-century members of the Senate of Canada]]
[[Category:20th-century members of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta]]