Editing Essential patent

{{Licensing of patents}}
An '''essential patent''' or '''standard-essential patent''' ('''SEP''') is a [[patent]] that [[claim (patent)|claims]] an invention that must be used to comply with a [[technical standard]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Shapiro |first1=Carl |title=Navigating the Patent Thicket: Cross Licenses, Patent Pools, and Standard Setting |journal=Innovation Policy and the Economy |date=January 2000 |volume=1 |pages=119–150 |doi=10.1086/ipe.1.25056143 |s2cid=17290328 |url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdf/10.1086/ipe.1.25056143 |language=en |issn=1531-3468}}</ref> [[Standard-setting organization]]s (SSOs) normally require their members to agree to license their essential patents on [[Reasonable and non-discriminatory licensing|fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory]] terms.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sidak |first1=J. G. |title=The Meaning of FRAND, Part I: Royalties |journal=Journal of Competition Law and Economics |date=1 December 2013 |volume=9 |issue=4 |pages=931–1055 |doi=10.1093/joclec/nht040|doi-access=free }}</ref> Determining which patents are essential to a particular standard can be complex.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/elizabethwoyke/2011/09/21/identifying-the-tech-leaders-in-lte-wireless-patents/ |title=Identifying The Tech Leaders In LTE Wireless Patents |author=Elizabeth Woyke |date=2011-09-21 |work=Forbes |accessdate=March 10, 2012}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Patent ambush]], a situation in which patents are withheld during development of a proposed standard
* [[Patent infringement]], the commission of a prohibited act with respect to a patented invention
* [[Patent thicket]], a negatively connoted term for an overlapping set of patent rights
* ''[[Orange-Book-Standard]]'', a German decision on the interaction between patent law and technical standards
* [[Standardization]], the process of creating technical standards

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== Further reading and viewing ==
* "[http://www.abanet.org/antitrust/at-committees/at-exemc/pdf/liability.pdf Potential Antitrust Liability Based on a Patent Owner's Manipulation of Industry Standard Setting]", ''Proceedings of ABA Antitrust Section Spring Meeting'' (2003) by Janice M. Mueller.
* "[https://web.archive.org/web/20050517131019/http://www.law.berkeley.edu/journals/btlj/articles/vol17/mueller.pdf Patent Misuse Through the Capture of Industry Standards]", 17 ''Berkeley Tech. L.J.'' 623 (2002) by Janice M. Mueller.
* {{cite video |last1=Mossoff |first1=Adam |last2=Contreras |first2=Jorge |last3=Kulbaski |first3=James J. |date=November 30, 2012 |title=Standards-Essential Patents: Where Do IP Protections End and Antitrust Concerns Begin? |url=http://iiscast.wlf.org/vod/sctr01_20121129093925/1/start.html?media=Media1a.asx |format=ASX |medium=video |publisher=Washington Legal Foundation |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303221809/http://iiscast.wlf.org/vod/sctr01_20121129093925/1/start.html?media=Media1a.asx |archivedate=March 3, 2016 |accessdate=December 17, 2012 |url-status=dead }}
* {{cite web |last1=Vidal |first1=Kathi |title=Standard essential patent policy and practices: We want to hear from you! |url=https://www.uspto.gov/subscription-center/2022/standard-essential-patent-policy-and-practices-we-want-hear-you |website=www.uspto.gov |access-date=30 September 2023 |date=10 April 2022}}

[[Category:Patent law]]
[[Category:Standards]]