Editing Eudyptula

{{Short description|Genus of birds}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = ''Eudyptula''
| fossil_range={{fossil_range|Piacenzian|Recent}}<ref name=Thomas>
{{Cite journal|first1=Daniel B|last1=Thomas|first2=Alan JD|last2=Tennyson|first3=Felix G|last3=Marx |first4=Daniel T|last4=Ksepka|year=2023|title=Pliocene fossils support a New Zealand origin for the smallest extant penguins|journal= Journal of Paleontology|volume=97 |issue=3 |pages=711–721 |doi=10.1017/jpa.2023.30|doi-access=free|bibcode=2023JPal...97..711T }}</ref>
 | image = Eudyptula_minor_Bruny_1.jpg
 | image_caption = [[Australian little penguin]] near burrow at night, [[Bruny Island, Tasmania]], [[Australia]]
| taxon = Eudyptula
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = ''[[Eudyptula minor]]''<br />
''[[Eudyptula novaehollandiae]]''
| authority = [[Charles Lucien Bonaparte|Bonaparte]], 1856
| type_species = ''[[Eudyptula minor|Aptenodytes minor]]''<ref>(''Commentationes Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Gottingensis'' 3 (1780): [http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015073704044;view=1up;seq=187 135], [http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015073704044;view=1up;seq=209 147].</ref>
}}

The genus '''''Eudyptula''''' ("good little diver") contains two species of [[penguin]], found in southern [[Australia]], [[Tasmania]], and [[New Zealand]] (including the [[Chatham Islands]]). They are commonly known as the [[little penguin]], little blue penguin, or, in Australia, fairy penguin. In the language of the [[Māori people]] of [[New Zealand]], little penguins are known as {{lang|mi|kororā}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nzbirdsonline.org.nz/species/little-penguin|title=Little penguin|last=Flemming|first=S.A.|date=2013|website=NZ Birds Online|access-date=24 July 2018}}</ref>

For many years, a [[White-flippered penguin|white-flippered form]] of the little penguin found only in [[Canterbury, New Zealand|North Canterbury]], New Zealand was considered either a separate species, ''[[White-flippered penguin|Eudyptula albosignata]]'', or just a subspecies, ''Eudyptula minor albosignata''. Analysis of [[mtDNA]] revealed that ''Eudyptula'' falls instead into two groups: a western one, found along the southern coast of Australia and the [[Otago]] region of New Zealand, and another found in the rest of New Zealand.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Banks | first1 = Jonathan C. | last2 = Mitchell | first2 = Anthony D. | last3 = Waas | first3 = Joseph R. | last4 = Paterson | first4 = Adrian M. | year = 2002 | title = An unexpected pattern of molecular divergence within the blue penguin (''Eudyptula minor'') complex | url = http://notornis.osnz.org.nz/system/files/Notornis_49_1_29.pdf | journal = Notornis | volume = 49 | issue = 1| pages = 29–38 }}</ref> These two groups are now considered full species: ''[[Eudyptula novaehollandiae]]'' in Australia and Otago, and ''[[Little Penguin|Eudyptula minor]]'' elsewhere.<ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0144966| issn = 1932-6203| volume = 10| issue = 12| pages = –0144966| last1 = Grosser| first1 = Stefanie| last2 = Burridge| first2 = Christopher P.| last3 = Peucker| first3 = Amanda J.| last4 = Waters| first4 = Jonathan M.| title = Coalescent Modelling Suggests Recent Secondary-Contact of Cryptic Penguin Species| journal = PLOS ONE| date = 2015-12-14| pmid=26675310| pmc=4682933| bibcode = 2015PLoSO..1044966G| doi-access = free}}</ref> ''E. novaehollandiae'' probably arrived in New Zealand from Australia less than 500 years ago, following the [[local extinction]] of ''E. minor'' in Otago.<ref>{{Cite journal|last2=Rawlence|first2=Nicolas J.|last3=Anderson|first3=Christian N. K.|last4=Smith|first4=Ian W. G.|last5=Scofield|first5=R. Paul|last6=Waters|first6=Jonathan M.|date=2016-02-10|title=Invader or resident? Ancient-DNA reveals rapid species turnover in New Zealand little penguins|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences|volume=283|issue=1824|pages=20152879|doi=10.1098/rspb.2015.2879|pmid=26842575|issn=1471-2954|last1=Grosser|first1=Stefanie|pmc=4760177}}</ref>

==Classification==
'''Order [[Sphenisciformes]]'''
* '''Family [[Spheniscidae]]'''
**'''Genus ''Eudyptula'''''
***''[[Little penguin|Eudyptula minor]]'' – little penguin
***''[[Eudyptula novaehollandiae]]'' – Australian little penguin
***{{extinct}}''[[Eudyptula wilsonae]]''<ref name=Thomas />
===Extant Species===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Image !! Scientific name  !! Common Name  !! Distribution
|-
|[[File: Blue Penguin Kapiti.jpg|left|frameless]]<!--The image of Eudyptula minor must depict the New Zealand endemic species Eudyptula minor. Do NOT replace this image with an image of the Australian species Eudyptula novaehollandiae.-->|| ''[[Little penguin|Eudyptula minor]]''||little penguin || [[New Zealand]], [[Chatham Islands]]
|-
|[[File:Eudyptula_minor_Bruny_1.jpg|left|frameless]]||''[[Eudyptula novaehollandiae]]''||Australian little penguin ||[[Southern Australia]], [[Otago]]
|-
|}

===Fossil species===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Image || Scientific name  !!  Distribution
|-
| || ''Eudyptula wilsonae''<ref name=Thomas />|| [[Tangahoe Formation]], [[Taranaki]], [[New Zealand]]
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Austrodyptornithes|S.|state=collapsed}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q3021378}}

[[Category:Eudyptula| ]]
[[Category:Bird genera]]
[[Category:Penguins]]
[[Category:Spheniscidae]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Charles Lucien Bonaparte]]