Editing Eure

{{Short description|Department of France}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->| name               = Eure
| native_name        = 
| native_name_lang   = fr<!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead -->
| type               = [[Departments of France|Department of France]]
| image_skyline      = Le "Pont Japonais", vu du bassin des Nymphéas.jpg
| image_alt          = 
| image_caption      = [[Claude Monet]]'s garden and water-lily pond in [[Giverny]], near [[Yvelines]], subject of a [[Water Lilies (Monet series)|series of famous paintings]]
| image_flag         = Proposed flag of Eure.svg
| flag_alt           = 
| image_shield       = Blason département fr Eure.svg
| shield_alt         = 
| nickname           = 
| motto              = 
| image_map          = Eure-Position.svg
| map_alt            = 
| map_caption        = Location of Eure in France
| pushpin_map        = 
| pushpin_label_position = 
| pushpin_map_alt    = 
| pushpin_map_caption = 
| coordinates        = {{Coord|49|5|N|1|0|E|region:FR-27_type:adm2nd_scale:1000000|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint      = 
| coordinates_footnotes = 
| subdivision_type   = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name   = [[France]]
| subdivision_type1  = [[Regions of France|Region]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Normandy (administrative region)|Normandy]]
| established_title  = 
| established_date   = 
| founder            = 
| seat_type          = [[Prefectures in France|Prefecture]]
| seat               = [[Évreux]]
| parts_type         = [[Subprefectures in France|Subprefectures]]
| parts_style        = para
| p1                 = [[Les Andelys]]<br>[[Bernay, Eure|Bernay]]
| government_footnotes = 
| leader_party       = [[Miscellaneous right|DVD]]
| leader_title       = [[List of presidents of departmental councils (France)|President of the Departmental Council]]
| leader_name        = [[Alexandre Rassaërt]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les conseillers départementaux|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/601ef073-d986-4582-8e1a-ed14dc857fba|website=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=4 May 2022|language=fr}}</ref>
| unit_pref          = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
| area_magnitude     = 
| area_footnotes     = {{ref|area|1}}
| area_total_km2     = 6040
| area_note          = 
| elevation_footnotes = 
| elevation_m        = 
| elevation_min_m    = 
| elevation_max_m    = 
| population_total   = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
| population_as_of   = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
| population_footnotes = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes2}}
| population_rank    = [[List of French departments by population|43rd]]
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym = 
| population_note    = 
| blank_name_sec1    = [[Departments of France|Department number]]
| blank_info_sec1    = 27
| blank_name_sec2    = [[Arrondissements of France|Arrondissements]]
| blank_info_sec2    = [[arrondissements of the Eure department|3]]
| blank1_name_sec2   = [[Cantons in France|Cantons]]
| blank1_info_sec2   = [[Cantons of the Eure department|23]]
| blank2_name_sec2   = [[Communes in France|Communes]]
| blank2_info_sec2   = [[Communes of the Eure department|585]]
| timezone1          = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1        = +1
| timezone1_DST      = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST    = +2
| postal_code_type   = 
| postal_code        = 
| area_code_type     = 
| area_code          = 
| iso_code           = FR-27
| website            = 
| footnotes          = {{note|area|1}} French Land Register data, which exclude estuaries and lakes, ponds and glaciers larger than 1 km<sup>2</sup>
}}

'''Eure''' ({{IPAc-en|ɜːr}} {{respell|UR}}; {{IPA|fr|œʁ}}; {{langx|nrf|Eure}} or {{lang|nrf|Eûre}}) is a [[Departments of France|department]] in the [[administrative regions of France|administrative region]] of [[Normandy (administrative region)|Normandy]], northwestern [[France]], named after the river [[Eure (river)|Eure]]. Its [[Prefectures in France|prefecture]] is [[Évreux]]. In 2021, Eure had a population of 598,934.<ref name=pop2019>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/6011060/dep27.pdf Populations légales 2019: 27 Eure], INSEE</ref>

== History ==
Eure is one of the original 83 departments created during the [[French Revolution]] on 4 March 1790. It was created from part of the former [[provinces of France|province]] of [[Normandy]]. The name in fact is taken from the Eure river flowing mainly in this department.

After the allied victory at [[Battle of Waterloo|Waterloo]], Eure was occupied by [[Prussian army|Prussian troops]] between June 1815 and November 1818.

In the wake of [[Louis-Napoléon]]'s [[French coup of 1851|December coup]] of 1851, Eure was one of the departments placed under a [[:fr:État de siège (France)|state of emergency]] in order to avert resistance to the [[Second French Empire|post-republican]] régime.  In the event fewer than 100 government opponents in Eure were arrested.<ref>[[:fr:Jacques Olivier Boudon|Jacques Olivier Boudon]], ''Les Bonaparte : regards sur la France impériale''. La Documentation photographique, dossier 8073, janvier-février 2010, p. 11 (carte de [[Gilles Pécout]])</ref>

== Geography ==
Eure is part of the current [[regions of France|region]] of [[Normandy (administrative region)|Normandy]] and is surrounded by the departments of [[Seine-Maritime]], [[Oise]], [[Val-d'Oise]], [[Yvelines]], [[Eure-et-Loir]], [[Orne]], and [[Calvados (department)|Calvados]]. It also has a short coastline within the [[Atlantic Ocean]] across the [[Seine]] estuary. It is the only Normand department to border the region of [[Île-de-France]].

The department is a largely wooded plateau intersected by the valleys of the river [[Seine]] and its tributaries. The altitude varies from [[sea level]] in the north to 248 metres above it in the south.

===Principal towns===

The most populous commune is [[Évreux]], the prefecture. As of 2019, there are 5 communes with more than 10,000 inhabitants:<ref name=pop2019/>

{| class=wikitable
! Commune
! Population (2019)
|-
| [[Évreux]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 46,349
|-
| [[Vernon, Eure|Vernon]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 23,727
|-
| [[Louviers]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 18,518
|-
| [[Val-de-Reuil]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 12,910
|-
| [[Gisors]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 11,696
|}

==Demographics==
{{historical populations|align=none|cols=2|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://splaf.free.fr/27his.html|title=Historique de l'Eure|website=Le SPLAF}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4176909?geo=DEP-27|title=Évolution et structure de la population en 2016|publisher=INSEE}}</ref>|graph-pos=bottom|11=1791|12=385,206|13=1801|14=402,796|15=1806|16=421,344|17=1821|18=416,178|19=1831|20=424,248|21=1841|22=425,780|23=1851|24=415,777|25=1861|26=398,661|27=1872|28=377,874|29=1881|30=364,291|31=1891|32=349,471|33=1901|34=334,781|35=1911|36=323,651|37=1921|38=303,159|39=1931|40=305,788|41=1936|42=303,829|43=1946|44=315,902|45=1954|46=332,514|47=1962|48=361,943|49=1968|50=383,385|51=1975|52=422,952|53=1982|54=462,323|55=1990|56=513,818|57=1999|58=541,054|59=2006|60=567,223|61=2011|62=588,111|63=2016|64=602,825}}

==Politics==

The President of the Departmental Council is Sébastien Lecornu of [[La République En Marche!]].

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;"
!colspan=2| Party || seats
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Socialist Party (France)}}" |<span style="color:white; font-size:190%;">•</span>
|[[Socialist Party (France)|Socialist Party]] ||align="right"| 12
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Union for a Popular Movement}}" |
|[[Union for a Popular Movement]] ||align="right"| 11
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Miscellaneous Left}}" |<span style="color:white; font-size:190%;">•</span>
|[[Miscellaneous Left]] ||align="right"| 7
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|French Communist Party}}" |<span style="color:white; font-size:190%;">•</span>
|[[French Communist Party]] ||align="right"| 4
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Miscellaneous Right}}" |
|[[Miscellaneous Right]] ||align="right"| 4
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|New Centre}}" |
|[[New Centre]] ||align="right"| 3
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Left Radical Party}}" |<span style="color:white; font-size:190%;">•</span>
|[[Left Radical Party]] ||align="right"| 2
|-
|}

=== Presidential elections 2nd round ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan="2"|Election!!Winning Candidate!!Party!!%!!2nd Place Candidate!!Party!!%
|-
|
|[[2022 French presidential election|2022]]
|[[Emmanuel Macron]]
|[[La République En Marche!|LREM]]
|48.62
|[[Marine Le Pen]]
|[[National Rally|RN]]
|51.38
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|En Marche!}}" |
| [[2017 French presidential election|2017]]<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://www.interieur.gouv.fr/Elections/Les-resultats/Presidentielles|title=Présidentielles|first=Ministère de|last=l'Intérieur|website=interieur.gouv.fr}}</ref>
| [[Emmanuel Macron]]
| [[La République En Marche!|LREM]]
| 54.35
| [[Marine Le Pen]]
| [[National Front (France)|FN]]
| 45.65
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Union for a Popular Movement}}" |
| [[2012 French presidential election|2012]]
| [[Nicolas Sarkozy]]
| [[Union for a Popular Movement|UMP]]
| 52.45
| [[François Hollande]]
| [[Socialist Party (France)|PS]]
| 47.55
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Union for a Popular Movement}}" |
| [[2007 French presidential election|2007]]
| [[Nicolas Sarkozy]]
| [[Union for a Popular Movement|UMP]]
| 57.37
| [[Ségolène Royal]]
| [[Socialist Party (France)|PS]]
| 42.63
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Rally for the Republic}}" |
| [[2002 French presidential election|2002]]<ref name="auto"/>
| [[Jacques Chirac]]
| [[Rally for the Republic|RPR]]
| 78.22
| [[Jean-Marie Le Pen]]
| [[National Rally|FN]]
| 21.78
|}

===Current National Assembly Representatives===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan="2"|Constituency!!Member<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/|title=Assemblée nationale ~ Les députés, le vote de la loi, le Parlement français|first=Assemblée|last=Nationale|website=Assemblée nationale}}</ref>!!Party
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|En Marche!}}" |
| [[Eure's 1st constituency]]
| [[Séverine Gipson]]
| [[La République En Marche!]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|En Marche!}}" |
| [[Eure's 2nd constituency]]
| [[Fabien Gouttefarde]]
| [[La République En Marche!]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|En Marche!}}" |
| [[Eure's 3rd constituency]]
| [[Marie Tamarelle-Verhaeghe]]
| [[La République En Marche!]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|En Marche!}}" |
| [[Eure's 4th constituency]]
| [[Bruno Questel]]
| [[La République En Marche!]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|En Marche!}}" |
| [[Eure's 5th constituency]]
| [[Claire O'Petit]]
| [[La République En Marche!]]
|}

== Tourism ==
The main tourist attraction is [[Giverny]] ({{convert|4|km|2|abbr=on}} from Vernon) where [[Claude Monet]]'s house and garden can be seen, as well as other places of interest (see external links, below).

The [[Abbey of Bec]] and the [[Château-Gaillard]] near Les Andelys are other important tourist attractions.

The Château of Buisson de May was built by the royal architect [[Jacques Denis Antoine]] from 1781 to 1783.
<gallery>
File:Evreux beffroi.jpg|{{center|[[Évreux]]}}
File:Chateau de Beaumesnil.jpg|{{center|[[Château de Beaumesnil]]}}
File:Chateau-de-Gisors.jpg|{{center|[[Château de Gisors]]}}
File:Giverny - maison Claude Monet01.jpg|{{center|[[Giverny]]: [[Claude Monet]]'s house}}
File:LES ANDELYS.jpg|{{center|[[Les Andelys]]}}
File:Louviers eglise.jpg|{{center|[[Louviers]]: [[Church of Notre-Dame de Louviers]]}}
File:Chateau gaillon.jpg|{{center|[[Château de Gaillon]]}}
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[Cantons of the Eure department]]
*[[Communes of the Eure department]]
*[[Arrondissements of the Eure department]]
*[[Château d'Harcourt]]
*[[Château de Gisors]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{in lang|fr}} [https://eureennormandie.fr/ Departmental Council website]
* {{in lang|fr}} [https://www.eure.gouv.fr/ Prefecture website]
* {{in lang|en}} [https://www.eure-tourism.com/ Eure Tourisme]


{{Departments of France}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Eure| ]]
[[Category:1790 establishments in France]]
[[Category:Departments of Normandy]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1790]]