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Exotic probability
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'''Exotic probability''' is a branch of [[probability theory]] that deals with probabilities which are outside the normal range of [0, 1]. According to the author of various papers on exotic probability, [[Saul Youssef]], the valid possible alternatives for probability values are the [[real number]]s, the [[complex number]]s and the [[quaternion]]s.<ref>{{cite arXiv |arxiv=hep-th/0110253 |first=Saul |last=Youssef |title=Physics with exotic probability theory |date=2001 }}</ref> Youssef also cites the work of [[Richard Feynman]], [[P. A. M. Dirac]], [[Stanley Gudder]] and [[S. K. Srinivasan]] as relevant to exotic probability theories. Of the application of such theories to [[quantum mechanics]], [[Bill Jefferys]] has said: "Such approaches are also not necessary and in my opinion they confuse more than they illuminate."<ref>Jefferys (2002) [http://www.lns.cornell.edu/spr/2002-03/msg0040195.html Newsgroup discussion on sci.physics.research] accessed 1-Sept-2010</ref> ==See also== * [[Negative probability]] * [[Signed measure]] * [[Complex measure]] ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== * http://physics.bu.edu/~youssef/quantum/quantum_refs.html * https://web.archive.org/web/20040327004613/http://fnalpubs.fnal.gov/library/colloq/colloqyoussef.html * [http://flux.aps.org/meetings/YR97/BAPSAPR97/vpr/layn18-4.html Measuring Negative Probabilities, Demystifying Schroedinger's Cat and Exploring Other Quantum Peculiarities With Trapped Atoms] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20101126224737/http://mathpages.com/home/kmath309.htm MathPages - The Complex Domain of Probability] [[Category:Probability theory]] [[Category:Exotic probabilities| ]] {{probability-stub}}
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