Editing Expedition 8

{{Short description|Long-duration mission to the International Space Station}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}}
{{Infobox spaceflight
| name                  = Expedition 8
| image                 = File:Expedition Eight Foale Kaleri.jpg
| image_caption         = Foale and Kaleri conduct a teleconference with Moscow as part of the Russian New Year celebration.
| insignia              = Expedition 8 insignia.svg
| insignia_caption      = Expedition 8 mission patch

| mission_type          = [[List of International Space Station expeditions|Long-duration expedition]]
| mission_duration      = 192&nbsp;days, 13&nbsp;hours, 36&nbsp;minutes and 11&nbsp;seconds (at ISS)<br/><small>194&nbsp;days, 18&nbsp;hours, 33&nbsp;minutes, 12&nbsp;seconds (launch to landing)</small>
| orbits_completed      = ~3,036
| distance_travelled    = ~{{convert|129123519|km|mi}}

| crew_size             = 2
| crew_members          = [[Michael Foale]]<br/>[[Aleksandr Kaleri]]
| crew_EVAs             = 1
| crew_EVA_duration     = 3&nbsp;hours 55&nbsp;minutes
| crew_photo            = ISS Expedition 8 crew.jpg
| crew_photo_caption    = L-R: [[Alexandr Kaleri]] and [[Michael Foale]]

| space_station         = [[International Space Station]]
| start_date            = {{start-date|20 October 2003, 07:15:58|timezone=yes}}&nbsp;UTC<ref name="missionrep53">{{cite web |last1=Petty |first1=John Ira |title=International Space Station Status Report #03-53 |url=https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/news/station/2003/iss03-53.html |website=NASA News |publisher=[[NASA]] |access-date=23 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423135326/https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/news/station/2003/iss03-53.html |archive-date=23 April 2021 |date=20 October 2003 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| end_date              = {{end-date|29 April 2004, 20:52:09|timezone=yes}}&nbsp;UTC<ref name="rsw-tma3">{{cite web |last1=Zak |first1=Anatoly |title=Soyuz TMA-3 |url=http://www.russianspaceweb.com/iss_soyuztma3.html |website=RussianSpaceWeb.com |access-date=23 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423140414/http://www.russianspaceweb.com/iss_soyuztma3.html |archive-date=23 April 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| arrival_craft         = [[Soyuz TMA-3]] 
| departure_craft       = [[Soyuz TMA-3]]

| previous_mission      = [[Expedition 7]]
| next_mission          = [[Expedition 9]]
| programme             = [[International Space Station|ISS]] [[list of International Space Station expeditions|expeditions]]
}}
'''Expedition 8''' was the eighth expedition to the [[International Space Station]].<ref name="presskit">{{cite web |title=Expedition 8 Press Kit |url=http://www.shuttlepresskit.com/EXPEDITION8/expedition8_presskit.pdf |publisher=NASA |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110316113346/http://www.shuttlepresskit.com/EXPEDITION8/expedition8_presskit.pdf |archive-date=16 March 2011 |date=26 September 2003 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Crew==
[[File:Expedition 8 crew poster.jpg|thumb|Expedition 8 promotional poster]]
{{Spaceflight crew
| crew              = prime
| reference         = <ref name="presskit" />

| position1         = Commander
| crew1_up          = {{flagicon|USA}} / {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Michael Foale]]
| flights1_up       = Sixth and last
| agency1_up        = [[NASA]]

| position2         = Flight Engineer
| crew2_up          = {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Aleksandr Kaleri]]
| flights2_up       = Fourth
| agency2_up        = [[Russian Federal Space Agency|RSA]]
}}

{{Spaceflight crew
| crew              = backup
| reference         = <ref name="nextcrewnamed">{{cite web |last1=Motichek |first1=Melissa |last2=Peterson |first2=Doug |last3=Hawley |first3=Eileen |title=Release 03-247 – Next International Space Station Crew Named |url=https://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2003/jul/HQ_03247_ISSCrew.html |website=NASA News |publisher=NASA |access-date=23 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423134559/https://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2003/jul/HQ_03247_ISSCrew.html |archive-date=23 April 2021 |date=25 July 2003 |url-status=live}}</ref>

| position1         = Commander
| crew1_up          = {{flagicon|USA}} [[William S. McArthur|William McArthur]]
| agency1_up        = [[NASA]]

| position2         = Flight Engineer
| crew2_up          = {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Valeri Tokarev]]
| agency2_up        = [[Russian Federal Space Agency|RSA]]
}}

===Planned crew before ''Columbia'' disaster===
{{Spaceflight crew
| reference         = <ref name="oralmcarthur">{{cite web |last1=Ross-Nazzal |first1=Jennifer |title=NASA Johnson Space Center Oral History Project – William S. McArthur, Jr. |url=https://historycollection.jsc.nasa.gov/JSCHistoryPortal/history/oral_histories/McArthurWS/McArthurWS_3-26-18.htm |website=JSC History Portal |publisher=[[NASA]] |access-date=23 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423134947/https://historycollection.jsc.nasa.gov/JSCHistoryPortal/history/oral_histories/McArthurWS/McArthurWS_3-26-18.htm |archive-date=23 April 2021 |date=26 March 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

| position1         = Commander
| crew1_up          = {{flagicon|USA}} / {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Michael Foale]]
| agency1_up        = [[NASA]]

| position2         = Flight Engineer
| crew2_up          = {{flagicon|USA}} [[William S. McArthur|William McArthur]]
| agency2_up        = [[NASA]]

| position3         = Flight Engineer
| crew3_up          = {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Valery Tokarev]]
| agency3_up        = [[Russian Federal Space Agency|RSA]]
}}

==Mission parameters==
*'''[[Perigee]]:''' 384&nbsp;km
*'''[[Apogee]]:''' 396&nbsp;km
*'''[[Inclination]]:''' 51.6°
*'''[[Orbital period|Period]]:''' 92 min
*'''Docked''': 20 October 2003 – 07:15:58 UTC<ref name="missionrep53" />
*'''Undocked''': 29 April 2004 – 20:52:09 UTC<ref name="rsw-tma3" />
*'''Time Docked''': 192 days, 13 h, 36 min, 11 s

==Mission objectives==
Expedition 8 Commander and NASA Station Science Officer Michael Foale, Flight Engineer Alexander Kaleri and [[European Space Agency|ESA]] Astronaut [[Pedro Duque]] docked the '''[[Soyuz TMA-3]]''' with the International Space Station at 07:15:58 UTC on 20 October 2003.<ref name="missionrep53" /> At the time of docking, both spacecraft orbited the Earth above Russia.

Once the Expedition 7 crew undocked, Foale and Kaleri settled down to work, beginning a more than six-month stint focused on Station operations and maintenance.

The new station crew, along with Duque, launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan at 05:38:03 UTC, on 18 October 2003.<ref name="missionrep52">{{cite web |last1=Petty |first1=John Ira |title=International Space Station Status Report #03-52 |url=https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/news/station/2003/iss03-52.html |website=NASA News |publisher=[[NASA]] |access-date=23 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423140955/https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/news/station/2003/iss03-52.html |archive-date=23 April 2021 |date=18 October 2003 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Foale and Kaleri departed the station for earth aboard the Soyuz TMA-3 spacecraft on 29 April 2004 along with ESA Astronaut [[André Kuipers]], who had arrived with the [[Expedition 9]] crew aboard [[Soyuz TMA-4]] nine days earlier.<ref name="missionrep23">{{cite web |last1=Petty |first1=John Ira |title=International Space Station Status Report #04-23 |url=https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/news/station/2004/iss04-23.html |website=NASA News |publisher=[[NASA]] |access-date=23 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423141213/https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/news/station/2004/iss04-23.html |archive-date=23 April 2021 |date=29 April 2004 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Spacewalks==
The Expedition 8 crew conducted the first two-person [[Extra-vehicular activity|spacewalk]] at the International Space Station. Unlike previous spacewalks conducted by ISS crews, there was not a crewmember inside the Station as the spacewalkers worked outside.  The spacewalk was based out of the [[Pirs (ISS module)|Pirs docking compartment]]; the spacewalkers wore Russian [[Orlan space suit]]s.<ref name="missionrep11" />

This was the 52nd spacewalk devoted to Space Station assembly,<ref name="missionrep11">{{cite web |last1=Petty |first1=John Ira |title=International Space Station Status Report #04-11 |url=https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/news/station/2004/iss04-11.html |website=NASA News |publisher=[[NASA]] |access-date=23 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423141319/https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/news/station/2004/iss04-11.html |archive-date=23 April 2021 |date=26 February 2004 |url-status=live}}</ref> operations and maintenance, bringing the cumulative total to 322 hours and 32 minutes. It was the 27th based out of the Station, bringing the total to 155 hours and 17 minutes.

{| class="wikitable"
! width="10%" style="background:#ccccff;color:black;text-align:left"|'''Mission'''
! width="20%" style="background:#ccccff;color:black;text-align:left"|'''Spacewalkers'''
! width="16%" style="background:#ccccff;color:black;text-align:left"|'''Start ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]])'''
! width="16%" style="background:#ccccff;color:black;text-align:left"|'''End (UTC)'''
! width="12%" style="background:#ccccff;color:black;text-align:left"|'''Duration'''
|-
|rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"|Expedition 8<br/><small>EVA 1</small><ref name="missionrep11" /><br>
| [[Michael Foale]] <br /> [[Alexander Kaleri]]
| 26 February 2004 <br /> 21:17
| 27 February 2004 <br /> 01:12
| 3 hours, 55 minutes
|-
| colspan=4 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"|This spacewalk was cut short due a cooling system malfunction in Kaleri's spacesuit. Although the spacewalk ended early, Foale and Kaleri were able to complete a number of their tasks. The first task was the replacement of cassette containers that hold sample materials for an experiment studying the effect of long-duration exposure to the microgravity environment. Later, Foale replaced two similar cassettes housed on the outside of the [[Zvezda (ISS module)|Zvezda Service Module]]. A Russian experiment named Matryoshka was attached to the outer hull of Zvezda which will provide data on radiation exposure to the human body during space flight. The spacewalkers also removed one of the suitcase-sized devices associated with the [[Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency]]'s MPAC-SEEDS experiment. They relocated a second device. This experiment was studying micro-meteor impacts and material exposure in the space environment. This experiment was installed on the ISS by Expedition 3 spacewalkers 15 October 2001. The crew was not able to complete the removal of laser light retroreflector devices from the aft end of Zvezda. The reflectors were being studied as navigation devices for the European Space Agency's [[Automated Transfer Vehicle]], which first flew to the ISS in 2008. Another task not included was work on a materials science experiment called Kromka. This experiment measured the amount of residue emitted from Zvezda's jet thruster firings. 
|}

==Images==
{{Panorama
|image      = Image:EverestMosaic.jpg
|fullwidth  = 10800
|fullheight = 2780
|height     = 200
|caption    = {{center|2004 photo mosaic the [[Himalayas]] with [[Makalu]] and [[Mount Everest]] from the [[International Space Station]], Expedition 8.}}
}}

==References==
{{Include-NASA}}
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|ISS Expedition 8}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20020908102658/http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/images/station/crew-8/ndxpage1.html Expedition 8 Photography]

{{ISS expeditions}}

{{Use British English|date=August 2010}}

[[Category:Expeditions to the International Space Station|Expedition 08]]
[[Category:2003 in spaceflight]]
[[Category:2004 in spaceflight]]