Editing Extracorporeal procedure

{{Short description|Medical procedure which is performed outside the body}}
{{More footnotes needed|date=October 2019}}
An '''extracorporeal procedure''' is a [[medical procedure]] which is performed outside the body. '''Extracorporeal devices''' are the artificial organs that remain outside the body while treating a patient. Extracorporeal devices are useful in [[hemodialysis]] and [[cardiac surgery]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/churchilllivings0000unse |title=Churchill Livingstone's mini encyclopaedia of nursing |date=2005 |location=Edinburgh ; New York  |publisher= Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone |isbn=978-0-443-07487-5 |pages=200}}</ref>

==Circulatory procedures==
A procedure in which blood is taken from a patient's circulation to have a process applied to it before it is returned to the circulation. All of the apparatuses carrying the blood outside the body are collectively termed the '''extracorporeal circuit'''.
* Intra-surgical cell salvage (aspiration, washing and [[Autotransfusion]])
* [[Apheresis]]
** [[Plasmapheresis]] vs [[cytapheresis]]
** centrifugal apheresis vs filtration apheresis vs adsorption
** cascade apheresis
* [[Hemoadsorption]]/[[Hemoperfusion]]
* [[Plasma Adsorption]]
* [[Aquapheresis]]
* [[Hemodialysis]]
* [[Hemofiltration]]
* [[Hemodiafiltration]]
* [[Renal replacement therapy]]
** [[Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy]] (CRRT) 
* [[Extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal]]
* [[Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation]]
* [[Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation]] (ECMO)
* [[Cardiopulmonary bypass]] during open heart surgery
* [[Liver support system]]
* [[Biospleen]] and other extrocorporeal bionic or non bionic spleen-like blood cleansing device

==Other procedures==
[[Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy]] (ESWL), which is unrelated to other extracorporeal therapies, in that the device used to break up the kidney stones is held completely outside the body, whilst the lithotripsy itself occurs inside the body.

Extracorporeal [[radiotherapy]], where a large bone with a tumour is removed and given a dose far exceeding what would otherwise be safe to give to a patient.<ref>{{Citation
 | first1 = Y. | last1 = Anacak
 | first2 = D. | last2 = Sabah
 | first3 = S. | last3 = Demirci
 | first4 = S. | last4 = Kamer
 | title = Intraoperative extracorporeal irradiation and re-implantation of involved bone for the treatment of musculoskeletal tumors.
 | pmid = 18365554
 | journal = J Exp Clin Cancer Res
 | year = 2007
 | pages = 571–574 | volume=26| issue = 4
 }}
</ref><ref>{{Citation
 | first1 = Ajay  | last1 = Puri
 | first2 = Ashish | last2 = Gulia
 | first3 = MG | last3 = Agarwal
 | first4 = NA | last4 = Jambhekar
 | first5 = S | last5 = Laskar
 | title = Extracorporeal irradiated tumor bone: A reconstruction option in diaphyseal Ewing's sarcomas
 | journal = Indian J Orthop
 | year = 2010
 | pages = 390–396
 | doi =10.4103/0019-5413.69310 | volume=44 | issue=4| pmid = 20924479
 | pmc = 2947725
 | doi-access = free
 }}</ref>

Extracorporeal pulsatile circulatory control (EPCC) is a process by which brain function (animal model) is kept intact, keeping the organ alive and functioning independent from the rest of the body for several hours.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Shariff |first1=Muhammed |last2=Dobariya |first2=Aksharkumar |last3=Albaghdadi |first3=Obada |last4=Awkal |first4=Jacob |last5=Moussa |first5=Hadi |last6=Reyes |first6=Gabriel |last7=Syed |first7=Mansur |last8=Hart |first8=Robert |last9=Longfellow |first9=Cameron |last10=Douglass |first10=Debra |last11=El Ahmadieh |first11=Tarek Y. |last12=Good |first12=Levi B. |last13=Jakkamsetti |first13=Vikram |last14=Kathote |first14=Gauri |last15=Angulo |first15=Gus |date=2023-08-25 |title=Maintenance of pig brain function under extracorporeal pulsatile circulatory control (EPCC) |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=13942 |doi=10.1038/s41598-023-39344-7 |issn=2045-2322 |pmc=10457326 |pmid=37626089|bibcode=2023NatSR..1313942S }}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Intracorporeal]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{Citation | first1 =Matthew L. | last1 = Paden
 | first2 = Steven A. | last2 = Conrad
 | first3 = Peter T. | last3 = Rycus
 | first4 = Ravi R. | last4 = Thiagarajan
 | last5 = ELSO Registry
 | title = Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Registry Report 2012.
 | pmid = 23644605
 | journal = ASAIO Journal
 | year = 2013
 | pages = 202–210
 | doi = 10.1097/MAT.0b013e3182904a52 
 | volume=59 
 | issue=3| s2cid = 205760474
 | doi-access = free
 }}
* {{Citation | first = Lawrence H. | last = Cohn | title = Fifty Years of Open-Heart Surgery | journal = Circulation | year = 2003 | pages = 2168–2170  | publisher = American Heart Association | doi =10.1161/01.CIR.0000071746.50876.E2 | pmid=12732590 | volume=107 | issue=17| doi-access = free }}

==External links==
{{wiktionary}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050329162007/http://www.medicalglossary.org/surgical_procedures_operative_extracorporeal_circulation_definitions.html Extracorporeal Circulation]. MedicalGlossary.org

[[Category:Medical terminology]]
[[Category:Extracorporeal procedures|*]]