Editing Falcon 4.0

{{Short description|1998 video game}}
{{Use British English|date = March 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2016 }}
{{Infobox video game
| title = Falcon 4.0
| image = Image:Falcon 4 cover.jpg
| caption = European box art
| developer = [[MicroProse|MicroProse Alameda]]{{efn|[[Classic Mac OS|Mac OS]] version developed by Westlake Interactive.<ref name="mac">{{Cite web |title=Falcon 4.0 Landing on Macs |url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/falcon-40-landing-on-macs/1100-2451784/ |access-date=2024-01-19 |website=GameSpot |language=en-US}}</ref>}}
| publisher = [[Hasbro Interactive]]{{efn|[[Classic Mac OS|Mac OS]] version published by [[MacSoft]].<ref name="mac"/>}}
| designer = {{plainlist|
*Steve Blankenship
*[[Gilman Louie]]}}
| engine = 
| series = ''[[Falcon (video game series)|Falcon]]''
| released = '''Windows'''{{vgrelease|NA|11 December 1998<ref>{{cite web|url=http://headline.gamespot.com/news/98_12/11_pc_playback/index.html|title=Playback: The Week in Review|last=Mullen|first=Micheal|date=11 December 1998|website=[[GameSpot]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000618132404/http://headline.gamespot.com/news/98_12/11_pc_playback/index.html|archive-date=18 June 2000|url-status=dead|access-date=8 December 2019}}<br>"Word on the street on Friday [December 11] is that Falcon 4.0 is nothing like Hasbro's Frogger, and it is already showing up on retailers' shelves for the weekend. So if you're looking for a copy - get ready to fly again".</ref>|UK|18 December 1998<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 December 1998 |title=''Falcon 4.0'' |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/752394688 |access-date=15 April 2024 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph (Sydney)|The Daily Telegraph]] |pages=40 |quote=Available Today from PC CD ROM Stockists}}</ref>}}'''Mac OS'''<br/>May 1999<ref name="mac"/>
| genre = [[Combat flight simulation game|Air combat simulation]]
| modes = [[Single player]], [[Multiplayer video game|multiplayer]]
| platforms = [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]], [[Classic Mac OS|Mac OS]]
}}

'''''Falcon 4.0''''' is a [[Combat flight simulation game|combat flight simulation video game]] developed by [[MicroProse]] and published by [[Hasbro Interactive]] in 1998. The game is based around a realistic simulation of the Block 50/52 [[F-16 Fighting Falcon]] jet fighter in a full-scale modern war set in the [[Korean Peninsula]].

The game is the ultimate development in the [[Falcon (video game series)|''Falcon'']] series from [[Spectrum HoloByte]] that began in 1984. HoloByte had acquired MicroProse in 1993, and started using that name for all of its titles in 1996. After MicroProse was purchased by [[Hasbro]], official development ended. In 2000, a [[source code leak]] allowed continued development of the game by members of the gaming community, including [[Unofficial patch|bug fixes]] and new campaigns.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boston.com/news/globe/living/articles/2004/01/21/diehard_pilots_keep_falcon_flying/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040408111542/http://www.boston.com/news/globe/living/articles/2004/01/21/diehard_pilots_keep_falcon_flying/ |archive-date=8 April 2004 |access-date=2016-06-28 |publisher=Boston.com |title=Diehard pilots keep Falcon flying |author=Hiawatha Bray |date=2004-01-21 |url-status=dead |df=dmy}}</ref> Many of these additions were collected by Lead Pursuit, which arranged an official license of the original code base from the owner [[Atari]]; these were published as ''[[Falcon 4.0: Allied Force]]'' in 2005.<ref name="AF2005">{{cite web|url=http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/critical-acclaim-for-falcon-40-allied-force |title=Critical Acclaim For Falcon 4.0: Allied Force
|publisher=GamesIndustry International |date= 2005-10-10 |access-date=2014-04-16}}</ref> Spanning well over a decade, the ''Falcon 4.0'' series is one of the longest running game series using the same code base in PC history.<ref name="RPS2012" />

In the present day, the game is still supported by a community of players with the most supported branch of the game being the one by Benchmark Sims Community, called [[Falcon BMS]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Homepage - Falcon BMS |url=https://www.falcon-bms.com/ |website=Homepage - Falcon BMS |access-date=2022-06-05}}</ref>

On May 4, 2023, after a 24 year long absence, developer [[MicroProse]] announced the reacquisition of the copyright to the Falcon series, including Falcon 4.0.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MicroProse is back on the Falcon series |url=https://steamcommunity.com/groups/microprose/announcements/detail/3680047495733505345 |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=steamcommunity.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Gameplay ==
The game's story begins in the early 1990s with North Korean forces invading South Korea. The United States deploys extensive support to the South, including military aircraft, armored forces, and naval vessels. The rest of the game plays out in response to the player's actions, potentially involving China and Russia. Japan has an airbase, but plays no role in the conflict itself. Because of the game's story content, which involves war in the [[Korean Peninsula]], it was banned in South Korea until 2003.
[[File:Falcon 4.0 screenshot.jpg|thumb|left|Cockpit view]]
''Falcon 4.0'''s gameplay parallels actual [[fighter pilot]] combat operations. First, over 30 [[training]] scenarios acquaint the player with F-16 maneuvering, [[avionics]] operation, and various [[USAF]] protocols. After training, the player may start the primary gameplay mode in the campaign, which simulates participation in a modern war. Alternatively, the player may engage in [[Dog fight|dogfight]] mode, which provides an individual air engagement without any continuous context, or create what are effectively miniature campaigns, known as "Tactical Engagements".

The results of the player's performance are used to generate a 'logbook'. This contains details such as flight hours, air-to-air and air-to-ground kills, decorations, a name and photo, and the current rank of the player. Good performance (such as eliminating large numbers of enemy ground units, or surviving a difficult engagement) during a mission may lead to the award of a decoration or promotion; conversely, poor performance (destroying friendly targets or ejecting from the aircraft for no good reason) can lead to demotion or court-martial.

Campaign gameplay has two primary stages, briefings and missions. The briefing section is used to handle the planning of [[Flight (military unit)|flights]] and packages (a number of flights grouped together for mutual support in obtaining a military objective), assignment of steerpoints for determining the route of a given flight, and the weapons loadout used by the aircraft. It is also possible to issue instructions to each ground unit manually, overriding the AI's handling of the war. As is the situation for real life pilots, it is of the utmost importance that the player examines closely all of the data presented here to perform well during the mission, in order to best formulate a plan of action when actually flying the jet. Failing to note the location and abilities of enemy [[Surface-to-Air Missile|SAM]] sites or [[Combat Air Patrol|CAP]] aircraft and account for methods of defeating these will almost certainly result in a short flight.

The mission section of the simulator encompasses the actual mechanics of flying the aircraft, radar and weapons operation, threat evaluation, radio communications and navigation. Everything is done in such a manner as to model the aircraft in use as closely as possible, while on the highest realism settings.

The initial release of the software came with three pre-set scenarios for the player to use in campaign mode. 'Tiger Spirit' depicted a war where [[South Korea|ROK]] and Allied forces had repelled the initial [[North Korea|DPRK]] assault and moved onto the offensive. 'Rolling Fire' depicted a closely matched situation where DPRK forces had overrun the [[Korean Demilitarized Zone|DMZ]] and made small gains, while 'Iron Fortress' simulated a scenario where the North had overwhelmed the South and pushed it back to its last line of defense.

Unlike its static counterpart, a dynamic campaign has no set game path. Missions and the rest of the game world develop as the game progresses, affected in part by the player's behavior. Dynamic campaigns can present a more random and diverse game experience, but are more difficult for [[programmer]]s to implement. The AI controlling the activity of the ''Falcon 4.0'' campaign engine can be influenced by a wide range of configurable settings, all of which can be adjusted to meet changing objectives as the scenario progresses.

A Tactical Engagement (or TE) is a small scale, hand-built, 'one-shot' mission with a pre-defined objective. The same engine handles the activities of AI controlled units. One of the advantages of building this style of mission is that it allows experienced pilots to practice attacks on high value, well defended targets, which are often eliminated from campaigns early on as the planning AI assigns packages to eliminate them in order to maximise the effect on enemy combat readiness.

The Instant Action mode of operation places the user in an F-16 currently in flight, armed with an infinite number of missiles. Progressively more capable waves of enemy aircraft then move in and engage the player's aircraft. Many different options are available to customise this mode, including disabling SAM and [[Anti-aircraft warfare|AAA]] defenses, setting unlimited fuel, and the difficulty of the first wave of inbound hostiles.

''Falcon 4.0'' originally featured [[3D graphics]] with [[multitexturing]] support. It was one of the first programs on the market which was designed [[multi-threaded]] to take advantage of [[dual-core]] [[x86]] processors.<ref>[http://www.trustedreviews.com/news/Falcon-4-0-The-First-Dual-Core-Game Falcon 4.0: The First Dual Core Game] on [[TrustedReviews]] by Gordon Kelly (24 June 2005)</ref> The game used one thread for graphics and primary simulation and the other for the campaign engine.

==Development==
The game was in development since 1994.<ref>{{cite web|first=Kate|last=Hedstrom|url=http://headline.gamespot.com/news/97_07/03_falcon4/index.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/19990428161059/http://headline.gamespot.com/news/97_07/03_falcon4/index.html|title=Falcon 4 Update|website=[[GameSpot]]|archivedate=28 April 1999|date=3 July 1997|accessdate=29 July 2022}}</ref> The game was originally designed and produced by Steve Blankenship and [[Gilman Louie]] and published under the MicroProse label. Though originally slated for a late 1996 release,<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sherman |first=Christopher |title=Total Entertainment Signing Deals|journal=[[Next Generation (magazine)|Next Generation]]|issue=13|publisher=[[Imagine Media]] |date=January 1996|page=25}}</ref> the game ended up being rushed to market in order to make the 1998 Christmas selling season.{{citation needed|date=February 2023}}

===Source code leak===
On 9 April 2000 a developer of the game [[source code leak|leaked]] the [[source code]] of a ''Falcon 4.0'' version between 1.07 and 1.08 on an [[File Transfer Protocol|FTP]] site.<ref name="falcon4.0leak">{{cite web|url=http://www.cleared-to-engage.com/2011/03/12/interview-with-kevin-klemmick-lead-software-engineer-for-falcon-4-0/|title=Interview with Kevin Klemmick - Lead Software Engineer for Falcon 4.0|last=Bertolone|first=Giorgio|date=2011-03-12|publisher=Cleared-To-Engage|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110318015840/http://www.cleared-to-engage.com/2011/03/12/interview-with-kevin-klemmick-lead-software-engineer-for-falcon-4-0|archive-date=18 March 2011|url-status=usurped|access-date=2014-08-31|quote=''[C2E] In 2000 the source code of Falcon 4.0 leaked out and after that groups of volunteers were able to make fixes and enhancements that assured the longevity of this sim. Do you see the source code leak as a good or bad event? [Klemmick] "Absolutely a good event. In fact I wish I’d known who did it so I could thank them. I honestly think this should be standard procedure for companies that decide not to continue to support a code base."''|df=dmy}}</ref> Kevin Klemmick later claimed responsibility for the leak.<ref>{{cite interview |last=Klemmick |first=Kevin |subject-link= |interviewer=Enigma |title=Interviewing the Falcon 4 Dynamic Campaign Creator, 25+ Years Later - A Retrospective |work= |date= |quote=I leaked the source code way back when . . . I downloaded it all before leaving and saved if off, and when it became vaporware I was the one that leaked it. |publisher= |location= |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BTG4n233aq0 |access-date=2024-05-19}}</ref>

===Digital distribution re-releases===
In October 2015, [[Tommo]]'s Retroism publishing label re-released the ''Falcon'' series (including ''Falcon 4.0'' as a bonus) via [[digital distribution]] at [[GOG.com]], titled as the ''Falcon Collection'', after being commercially unavailable for some years.<ref>[http://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2015/10/23/gog-falcon-flight-sims/ Serious Simming: Falcon Flight Sims Land On GOG] on [[Rock, Paper, Shotgun]] by Alice O'Connor on 23 October 2015</ref> In January 2016, Retroism released the ''Falcon Collection'' on [[Steam (service)|Steam]], with all four titles also available for purchase separately.<ref>{{cite web |title=Falcon Series Soars onto Steam |url=https://retroism.com/falcon-series-soars-onto-steam/ |website=Retroism |access-date=2019-02-03 |date=2016-01-06}}</ref>

=== Modern community development ===
''Falcon BMS'' ('''B'''ench'''M'''ark '''S'''ims) is a community-made [[total conversion mod]] for ''Falcon 4.0''. The mod, made by Benchmark Sims, is a complete revision of the aging game, adding such features like [[graphics]] improvements (DX7 -> DX11), 3D [[cockpit]]s, a newer terrain engine, partial VR support, and [[Multiplayer video game|multiplayer]] code improvements.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Features - Falcon BMS|url=https://www.falcon-bms.com/features|website=Features - Falcon BMS|date=11 August 2021 |access-date=2022-06-05}}</ref>

''Falcon BMS'' is still under active development with the latest version (4.37.4) being released on 5 July 2024, and is available for download on the [https://www.falcon-bms.com/downloads/ BMS website].<ref>{{cite web |title=Falcon BMS 4.37.0 Released! |url=https://www.falcon-bms.com/ |access-date=2022-12-31 |website=Homepage - Falcon BMS}}</ref>

==Reception and impact==
{{Video game reviews
| GR = 83% (14 reviews)<ref>{{cite web |title=Falcon 4.0 for PC |url=https://www.gamerankings.com/pc/29542-falcon-40/index.html |website=[[GameRankings]] |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |access-date=23 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511175047/https://www.gamerankings.com/pc/29542-falcon-40/index.html |archive-date=11 May 2011}}</ref>
| MC = 85/100 (10 reviews)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.metacritic.com/game/falcon-4-0/critic-reviews/?platform=pc|title=Falcon 4.0 Metacritic Review Score|website=[[Metacritic]]}}</ref>
| PCGUK = 91%<ref name=pcgameruk>{{cite magazine|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020627053041/http://www.pcgamer.co.uk/games/gamefile_review_page.asp?item_id=399 |url=http://www.pcgamer.co.uk/games/gamefile_review_page.asp?item_id=399 |title=Raptorous | date=April 1999 | issue=68 | author=Jones, Nathan |magazine=[[PC Gamer UK]] | archive-date=27 June 2002 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
| PCGUS = 95%<ref name=pcgamerus>{{cite journal | author=Bennett, Dan | journal=[[PC Gamer US]] | url=http://www.pcgamer.com/reviews/419.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000312102801/http://www.pcgamer.com/reviews/419.html | archive-date=12 March 2000 | date=March 1999 | title=''Falcon 4.0'' | url-status=dead}}</ref>
| CGW = {{Rating|3.5|5}}<ref name=cgw>{{cite magazine | author=Basham, Tom | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000816005423/http://www.gamespot.com/simulation/falcon4/review_cgw.html | url=http://www.gamespot.com/simulation/falcon4/review_cgw.html | magazine=[[Computer Gaming World]] | archive-date=16 August 2000 | title=''Falcon 4.0'' | date=1 April 1999 | url-status=dead}}</ref>
| PCZone = 95/100<ref name=pczone>{{cite journal| title=''Falcon 4.0'' | author=Wells, Jeremy | journal=[[PC Zone]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070118141844/http://www.computerandvideogames.com/article.php?id=2966 | url=http://www.computerandvideogames.com/article.php?id=2966| archive-date=18 January 2007}}</ref>
| rev2 = ''[[Computer Games Magazine|Computer Games Strategy Plus]]''
| rev2Score = {{rating|3.5|5}}<ref name=cgm>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050205013837/http://www.cdmag.com/articles/016/109/falcon4_review.html |url=http://www.cdmag.com/articles/016/109/falcon4_review.html |title=''Falcon 4.0'' | author=Mouneimne, Neil |work=[[Computer Games Magazine|Computer Games Strategy Plus]] |archive-date=5 February 2005 | date=1 January 1999 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
| rev3 = ''[[Macworld]]''
| rev3Score = {{Rating|4|5}}<ref name=macworld1999>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010611071257/http://www.macworld.com/1999/12/features/gamehalloffame.html |url=http://www.macworld.com/1999/12/features/gamehalloffame.html |title=1999 ''Macworld'' Game Hall Of Fame | author=Breen, Christopher |work=[[Macworld]] | date=December 1999 | archive-date=11 June 2001 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
| rev4 = ''[[MacAddict]]''
| rev4Score = "Freakin' Awesome!"<ref name=macaddict>{{cite web | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010714224320/http://www.macaddict.com/issues/9909/rev.falcon4.html | url=http://www.macaddict.com:80/issues/9909/rev.falcon4.html | title=''Falcon 4.0'' | date=September 1999 | author=Stern, Zack | archive-date=14 July 2001 | work=[[MacAddict]] | url-status=dead | access-date=16 August 2019}}</ref>
}}

In the United States, ''Falcon 4.0'' sold 41,209 copies during 1998, after its release on 12 December of that year. These sales accounted for $1.85 million in revenue.<ref name=pcgsales2>{{cite journal| author=Staff| date=April 1999|volume=6|issue=4|title=The Numbers Game; Does Award Winner = Best Seller?|journal=[[PC Gamer US]]|page=50}}</ref> By October 1999, its total sales in the region had risen to 116,776 copies, which drew revenues of $4.57 million.<ref name=janessales>{{cite magazine | author=Brown, Ken | date=October 1999 | title=EA Scraps ''Jane's A-10'' | issue=183 | pages=44, 46 | magazine=[[Computer Gaming World]]}}</ref> It sold 209,000 copies during 1999 alone.<ref name=wargames>{{cite book | author=Dunnigan, James F. | author-link=Jim Dunnigan | date=3 January 2000 | title=Wargames Handbook, Third Edition: How to Play and Design Commercial and Professional Wargames | publisher=[[iUniverse|Writers Club Press]] |pages=14–17}}</ref>

''Falcon 4.0'' won ''[[Macworld]]''{{'}}s 1999 "Best Flight Simulation" award.<ref name=macworld1999 /> ''[[PC Gamer US]]'' likewise named ''Falcon 4.0'' the best simulation of 1998.<ref name=pcgsales2 /> The game was a finalist for ''[[Computer Gaming World]]''{{'}}s "Best Simulation", [[GameSpot]]'s "Simulation of the Year", [[IGN]]'s "Best Simulation of the Year" and ''[[Computer Games Magazine|Computer Games Strategy Plus]]''{{'}}s "Simulation Game of the Year" awards, all of which ultimately went to ''[[European Air War]]''.<ref name=cgwpremier1998>{{cite magazine | author=Staff | magazine=[[Computer Gaming World]] | title=''Computer Gaming World''{{'}}s 1999 Premier Awards; ''CGW'' Presents the Best Games of 1998 |date=April 1999 | issue=177 | pages=90, 93, 96–105}}</ref><ref name=cgmawards1998>{{cite web |author=Staff |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050203235412/http://cdmag.com/articles/017/163/best_of_year.html |url=http://cdmag.com:80/articles/017/163/best_of_year.html |title=The Best of 1998 |date=11 February 1999 |work=[[Computer Games Magazine|Computer Games Strategy Plus]] |archive-date=3 February 2005 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=gamespot1998>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000815235823/http://www.gamespot.com/features/awards1998/index.html |url=http://www.gamespot.com:80/features/awards1998/index.html |title=GameSpot's Best and Worst of 1998 |author=Staff |work=[[GameSpot]] |archive-date=15 August 2000 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=ignawards1998>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020404002022/http://pc.ign.com/articles/066/066665p1.html |url=http://pc.ign.com:80/articles/066/066665p1.html |title=IGNPC's Best of 1998 Awards |author=IGN Staff |work=[[IGN]] |archive-date=4 April 2002 |date=29 January 1999 |url-status=dead |access-date=16 August 2019}}</ref> The editors of ''Computer Games Strategy Plus'' called ''Falcon 4.0'' "extremely impressive", while those of ''Computer Gaming World'' described it as a sim with unprecedented detail.<ref name=cgwpremier1998 /><ref name=cgmawards1998 />

The ''Falcon 4.0'' series is one of the longest running game series in PC history to have used the same code base. The history of ''Falcon 4.0'' spans over two decades due to derivatives like ''Falcon 4.0: Allied Force'',<ref name="gamespot2005">{{cite web|url=http://www.gamespot.com/reviews/falcon-40-allied-force-review/1900-6130132/ |title=Falcon 4.0: Allied Force Review |quote=''It took seven years, a number of false starts, and one of the most devoted fan communities in existence, but the release of Falcon 4.0: Allied Force shows that its potential has finally been realized.'' |first=Tracy |last=Baker |date=2005-08-02 |access-date=2014-04-19 |publisher=[[gamespot.com]]}}</ref> the BMS derivative from 2012,<ref name="RPS2012">{{cite web|url=http://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2012/06/01/the-flare-path-god-quicksave-the-queen/#more-110505 |title=The Flare Path: God Quicksave The Queen - A Falcon For A Knave |access-date=2014-04-16 |first=Tim |last=Stone |date=2012-06-01 |quote=''BMS is basically a free standalone sequel, albeit one that – for legal reasons – won’t install unless it sees an original F4 disc in your CD drive. [...]Radars, targeting systems, HUDs, data link modelling… everything has been reworked by people that either have first-hand experience of fondling Falcons or have access to people that have first-hand experience of fondling Falcons. All this forensic fiddling means that wonderful original manual that’s been bowing your manual shelf for the past 13 years, is next to useless in BMS.'' |publisher=[[Rock, Paper, Shotgun]]}}</ref> and other variants.

==See also==
*''[[Jane's F-15]]''
*''[[F-16 Multirole Fighter]]''
*''[[F-16 Aggressor]]''

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{official website|https://web.archive.org/web/19961221150507/http://www.microprose.com/gamesdesign/falcon4/f4index.html}} (archived)
* [http://www.graphsim.com Graphsim], the current producer and license holder
* [https://www.falcon-bms.com Benchmark Sims], current developers site
* {{moby game|id=/falcon-40}}
* [https://archive.org/details/FALCON40 Demo version] at [[Internet Archive]]
* [https://github.com/FreeFalcon FFOSP GitHub] FreeFalcon [[Open-source software|open source]] project, a Falcon 4.0 restoration project under [[BSD 2-Clause License]]
* [https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B2WKGzHTS65rR1F3RXd3d0MzY3M/view The Falcon Epopee], the history of the Falcon 4 series [https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B2WKGzHTS65rd251TU1LMU1jWFk/view (timeline of Falcon 4.0 evolution)].

{{Falcon series}}

[[Category:1998 video games]]
[[Category:Classic Mac OS games]]
[[Category:Combat flight simulators]]
[[Category:Commercial video games with freely available source code]]
[[Category:Hasbro Interactive games]]
[[Category:MicroProse games]]
[[Category:Multiplayer and single-player video games]]
[[Category:Video games developed in the United States]]
[[Category:Video games set in Korea]]
[[Category:Virtual reality games]]
[[Category:Windows games]]