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{{short description|New Deal relief program to fund the visual arts}} {{Infobox government agency | name = Federal Art Project | logo = Federal-Art-Project-Icon.jpg | logo_caption = Eagle and palette design regarded as the logo of the Federal Art Project | formed = {{Start date|1935|08|29|df=yes}} | dissolved = {{end date|1943}} | jurisdiction = United States | headquarters = Washington, D.C. | chief1_name = [[Holger Cahill]] | parent_department = [[Works Progress Administration]] (WPA) }} The '''Federal Art Project''' (1935–1943) was a [[New Deal]] program to fund the [[visual arts]] in the United States. Under national director [[Holger Cahill]], it was one of five [[Federal Project Number One]] projects sponsored by the [[Works Progress Administration]] (WPA), and the largest of the New Deal art projects. It was created not as a cultural activity, but as a relief measure to employ artists and artisans to create murals, easel paintings, sculpture, graphic art, posters, photography, [[Federal Theatre Project|theatre scenic design]], and arts and crafts. The WPA Federal Art Project established more than 100 community art centers throughout the country, researched and documented American design, commissioned a significant body of [[public art]] without restriction to content or subject matter, and sustained some 10,000 artists and craft workers during the [[Great Depression in the United States|Great Depression]]. According to ''American Heritage'', “Something like 400,000 easel paintings, murals, prints, posters, and renderings were produced by WPA artists during the eight years of the project’s existence, virtually free of government pressure to control subject matter, interpretation, or style.”<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Laning |first=Edward |date=1970-10-01 |title=When Uncle Sam Played Patron of the Arts: Memoirs of a WPA Painter |url=https://www.americanheritage.com/when-uncle-sam-played-patron-arts-memoirs-wpa-painter |access-date=2022-10-01 |journal=American Heritage|volume=21|number=6|language=en-us}}</ref> ==Background== {{See also|Works Progress Administration|Federal Project Number One}} {{multiple image <!-- Essential parameters -->| align = right | direction = vertical | width = 220 <!-- Image 1 -->| image1 = Federal-Art-Project-Employment-and-Activities-1936.jpg | alt1 = | caption1 = Poster summarizing Federal Art Project employment and activities (November 1, 1936) <!-- Image 2 -->| image2 = Florence-Kawa-The-Workers-1935.jpg | alt2 = | caption2 = ''The Workers'' (c. 1935), a wall hanging created by [[Florence Kawa]] for the Milwaukee Handicraft Project, was presented to [[Eleanor Roosevelt]]<ref name="When Art Worked"/>{{Rp|164}} }} The Federal Art Project was the visual arts arm of Federal Project Number One, a program of the Works Progress Administration, which was intended to provide employment for struggling artists during the Great Depression. Funded under the [[Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935]], it operated from August 29, 1935, until June 30, 1943. It was created as a relief measure to employ artists and artisans to create murals, easel paintings, sculpture, graphic art, posters, photographs, Index of American Design documentation, museum and theatre scenic design, and arts and crafts. The Federal Art Project operated community art centers throughout the country where craft workers and artists worked, exhibited, and educated others.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/images/detail/employment-and-activities-poster-wpas-federal-art-project-11772 |title=Employment and Activities poster for the WPA's Federal Art Project, 1936|website=Archives of American Art |publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]] |access-date=2015-06-16 }}</ref> The project created more than 200,000 separate works, some of them remaining among the most significant pieces of public art in the country.<ref name="Kalfatovic">{{cite book |last=Kalfatovic |first=Martin R. |date=1994 |title=The New Deal Fine Arts Projects: A Bibliography, 1933–1992 |url=https://archive.org/details/newdealfineartsp00kalf |location=Metuchen, N.J. |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=0-8108-2749-2 |access-date=2015-06-17 }}</ref> The Federal Art Project's primary goals were to employ out-of-work artists and to provide art for nonfederal municipal buildings and public spaces. Artists were paid $23.60 a week; tax-supported institutions such as schools, hospitals, and public buildings paid only for materials.<ref name="NYT American Murals">{{cite news |last=Brenner |first=Anita |date=April 10, 1938 |title=America Creates American Murals |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1938/04/10/archives/american-creates-american-murals-to-bid-for-the-favor-of-a-new-mass.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=2015-06-16 }}</ref> The work was divided into art production, art instruction, and art research. The primary output of the art-research group was the Index of American Design, a mammoth and comprehensive study of American material culture. As many as 10,000 artists were commissioned to produce work for the WPA Federal Art Project,<ref name="Brian Naylor"/> the largest of the New Deal art projects. Three comparable but distinctly separate New Deal art projects were administered by the [[United States Department of the Treasury]]: the [[Public Works of Art Project]] (1933–1934), the [[Section of Painting and Sculpture]] (1934–1943), and the [[Treasury Relief Art Project]] (1935–1938).<ref name="GSA Inventory Project">{{cite web |url=http://www.gsa.gov/portal/content/101384 |title=New Deal Artwork: GSA's Inventory Project |publisher=[[General Services Administration]] |access-date=2015-06-16 |archive-date=2017-07-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170720013035/https://www.gsa.gov/portal/content/101384 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The WPA program made no distinction between [[Representation (arts)|representational]] and [[Abstraction#Abstraction in art|nonrepresentational]] art. [[Abstract art|Abstraction]] had not yet gained favor in the 1930s and 1940s, so was virtually unsalable. As a result, the Federal Art Project supported such iconic artists as [[Jackson Pollock]] before their work could earn them income.<ref>Atkins, Robert (1993). ''ArtSpoke: A Guide to Modern Ideas, Movements, and Buzzwords, 1848-1944''. [[Abbeville Publishing Group|Abbeville Press]]. {{ISBN|978-1-55859-388-6}}.</ref> One particular success was the Milwaukee Handicraft Project, which started in 1935 as an experiment that employed 900 people who were classified as unemployable due to their age or disability.<ref name="When Art Worked"/>{{Rp|164}} The project came to employ about 5,000 unskilled workers, many of them women and the long-term unemployed. Historian [[John Gurda]] observed that the city's unemployment hovered at 40% in 1933. "In that year," he said, "53 percent of Milwaukee's property taxes went unpaid because people just could not afford to make the tax payments."<ref name="Handicraft WPR">{{cite web |url=http://www.wpr.org/depression-era-milwaukee-handicraft-project-put-thousands-people-work |title=Depression-Era Milwaukee Handicraft Project Put Thousands of People to Work|last=Whaley |first=K. P. |date=April 30, 2014 |website=The Kathleen Dunn Show |publisher=[[Wisconsin Public Radio]] |access-date=2015-11-29}}</ref> Workers were taught bookbinding, block printing, and design, which they used to create handmade art books and children's books. They produced toys, dolls,<ref name="MOWA">{{cite web |url=http://www.wisconsinart.org/archives/affiliation/wpa-milwaukee-handicraft-project-109.aspx |title=WPA – Milwaukee Handicraft Project |publisher=[[Museum of Wisconsin Art]] |access-date=2015-11-29 |archive-date=2015-12-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208134332/http://www.wisconsinart.org/archives/affiliation/wpa-milwaukee-handicraft-project-109.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> theatre costumes, quilts,<ref name="Handicraft WPR"/> rugs, draperies, wall hangings, and furniture that were purchased by schools, hospitals,<ref name="When Art Worked"/>{{Rp|164}} and municipal organizations<ref name="My Day November 13">{{cite web |url=https://www.gwu.edu/~erpapers/myday/displaydoc.cfm?_y=1936&_f=md054487 |last=Roosevelt |first=Eleanor |author-link=Eleanor Roosevelt |date=November 13, 1936 |title=My Day |website=Eleanor Roosevelt Papers Project |publisher=[[The George Washington University]] |access-date=2015-06-16 }}</ref> for the cost of materials only.<ref name="UWM">{{cite web |url=https://www4.uwm.edu/eti/wpamilw.htm |title=WPA Milwaukee Handicraft Project |website=School of Continuing Education, Employment and Training Institute |publisher=[[University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee]] |access-date=2015-11-29 |archive-date=2019-11-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191102154325/http://www4.uwm.edu/eti/wpamilw.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2014, when the [[Museum of Wisconsin Art]] mounted an exhibition of items created by the Milwaukee Handicraft Project, furniture from it was still being used at the [[Milwaukee Public Library]].<ref name="Handicraft WPR"/> [[Holger Cahill]] was national director of the Federal Art Project. Other administrators included [[Audrey McMahon]], director of the New York Region (New York, New Jersey, and Philadelphia); [[Clement Haupers|Clement B. Haupers]], director for Minnesota;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mnhs.org/library/tips/history_topics/07wpa.php |title=WPA Art Project |website=Library |publisher=[[Minnesota Historical Society]] |access-date=2015-11-29}}</ref> George Godfrey Thorp (Illinois),<ref>Smithsonian. Archives of American Art. [https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/george-godfrey-thorp-papers-5770 George Godfrey Thorp papers, 1941–1970]</ref> and [[Robert Bruce Inverarity]], director for Washington. Regional New York supervisors of the Federal Art Project have included sculptor William Ehrich (1897–1960) of the Buffalo Unit (1938–1939), project director of the [[Buffalo Zoo]] expansion.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ehrich.us/biography.html|title=William Ernst Ehrich Biography|last=Ehrich|first=Nancy and Roger|access-date=17 August 2018}}</ref> ==Notable artists==<!-- PLEASE RESPECT ALPHABETICAL ORDER. To avoid POV list, restrict to only those listed at main article that have articles and citations. --> {{main|List of Federal Art Project artists}} Some 10,000 artists were commissioned to work for the Federal Art Project.<ref name="Brian Naylor"/> Notable artists include the following: {{div col|colwidth=18em|rules=yes}} * [[William Abbenseth]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/interviews/oral-history-interview-william-abbenseth-13069 |title=Oral history interview with William Abbenseth |date=November 23, 1964 |website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-16 }}</ref> *[[Berenice Abbott]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/collections/changing-new-york#/?tab=about |title=Background |website=Changing New York |publisher=[[New York Public Library]] |access-date=2015-06-16 }}</ref> * [[Ida Abelman|Ida York Abelman]]<ref name="When Art Worked"/>{{Rp|178}} * [[Gertrude Abercrombie]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/gertrude-abercrombie-papers-5608/more |title=Gertrude Abercrombie papers |website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-11 }}</ref> * [[Benjamin Abramowitz]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://benjaminabramowitz.com/bio/biography.html |title=The Artist and His Life |website=The Artwork of Benjamin Abramowitz (1917–2011) |publisher=S.A. Rosenbaum & Associates |access-date=2015-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150812055926/http://benjaminabramowitz.com/bio/biography.html |archive-date=2015-08-12 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Abe Ajay]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.metmuseum.org/collection/the-collection-online/search/374122 |title=Abe Ajay, ''Industry'' |website=The Collection Online |publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art |access-date=2015-06-22 }}</ref> * [[Ivan Albright]]<ref name="When Art Worked">{{cite book |last1=Kennedy |first1=Roger G. |author-link1=Roger G. Kennedy|last2=Larkin |first2=David |date=2009 |title=When Art Worked: The New Deal, Art, and Democracy |location=New York |publisher=[[RCS MediaGroup|Rizzoli International Publications, Inc.]]|isbn=978-0-8478-3089-3 }}</ref>{{Rp|161}} * [[Maxine Albro]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/interviews/oral-history-interview-maxine-albro-and-parker-hall-12350 |title=Oral history interview with Maxine Albro and Parker Hall |date=July 27, 1964 |website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-16 }}</ref> *[[Charles Alston]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/interviews/oral-history-interview-charles-henry-alston-11482 |title=Oral history interview with Charles Henry Alston|date=September 28, 1965 |website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-16 }}</ref> * [[Harold Ambellan]]<ref name="Willert Park Courts">{{cite web |url=http://wnyheritagepress.org/photos_week_2009/willert_wpa_art/willert_wpa_art.htm |title=The Artists of Buffalo's Willert Park Courts Sculptures |publisher=Western New York Heritage Press |access-date=2015-06-15 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101203093008/http://wnyheritagepress.org/photos_week_2009/willert_wpa_art/willert_wpa_art.htm |archive-date=2010-12-03 }}</ref> * [[Luis Arenal Bastar|Luis Arenal]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/images/detail/luis-arenal-3179 |title=Luis Arenal|date=August 7, 1936 |website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-13 }}</ref> * [[Bruce Ariss]]<ref name="Pacific Grove">{{cite web |url=http://livingnewdeal.org/projects/pacific-grove-high-school-mural-pacific-grove-ca/ |title=Pacific Grove High School Mural – Pacific Grove CA |website=The Living New Deal |publisher=Department of Geography, [[University of California, Berkeley]] |access-date=2015-06-15 }}</ref> * [[Victor Arnautoff]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://livingnewdeal.org/projects/george-washington-high-school-arnautoff-mural-san-francisco-ca/ |title=George Washington High School: Arnautoff Mural – San Francisco CA |website=The Living New Deal |publisher=Department of Geography, [[University of California, Berkeley]] |access-date=2015-06-15 }}</ref> * [[Sheva Ausubel]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/images/detail/sheva-ausubel-3163 |title=Sheva Ausubel|date=March 30, 1937 |website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-13 }}</ref> * [[Jozef Bakos]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/interviews/oral-history-interview-jozef-and-teresa-bakos-12456 |title=Oral history interview with Jozef and Teresa Bakos, 1965|website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2016-04-20 }}</ref> * [[Henry Bannarn]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/images/detail/henry-w-bannarn-1950 |title=Henry W. Bannarn, ca. 1937|website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-17 }}</ref> * [[Belle Baranceanu]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Belle Baranceanu (1902-1988)|url=http://www.sandiegohistory.org/online_resources/baranceanu.html |publisher=San Diego History Center |access-date=2016-04-20}}</ref> * [[Patrociño Barela]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/interviews/oral-history-interview-patrocino-barela-5438 |title=Oral history interview with Patrociño Barela|date=July 2, 1964 |website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-15 }}</ref> * [[Will Barnet]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.metmuseum.org/collection/the-collection-online/search/374200 |title=Will Barnet, ''Labor'' |website=The Collection Online |publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art |access-date=2015-06-22 }}</ref> * [[Richmond Barthé]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/images/detail/richmond-barthe-1952 |title=Richmond Barthe, 1941 Apr. 4 |website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-17 }}</ref> * [[Herbert Bayer]]<ref name="When Art Worked"/>{{Rp|195}} * [[William Baziotes]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/william-and-ethel-baziotes-papers-8872 |title=William and Ethel Baziotes papers, 1916–1992 |website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-22 }}</ref> * [[Lester Beall]]<ref name="When Art Worked"/>{{Rp|194}} * [[Harrison Begay]]<ref name="WPA Art Gallup New Mexico">{{cite web |url=http://livingnewdeal.org/projects/wpa-art-collection-gallup-nm/ |title=WPA Art Collection – Gallup NM|website=The Living New Deal |publisher=Department of Geography, University of California, Berkeley |access-date=2015-07-19 }}</ref> *[[Daisy Maud Bellis]]<ref>Edward Alden Jewell (August 27, 1933). "“Musings Way Down east,” New York Times"</ref><ref name="Connecticut State Library 1933">{{cite web | title=Bellis, Daisy Maud | website=Connecticut State Library | date=27 August 1933 | url=http://ctstatelibrary.org/bellis-daisy-maud/ | access-date=2 July 2016}}</ref> * [[Rainey Bennett]]<ref name="New Horizons">{{cite book |last=Cahill |first=Holger |author-link=Holger Cahill |editor-last=Barr |editor-first=Alfred H. Jr. |date=1936|title=New Horizons in American Art |location=New York |publisher=[[Museum of Modern Art]] |oclc=501632161 }}</ref>{{Rp|138}} * [[Aaron Berkman]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.92y.org/Uptown/Milstein-Rosenthal-Center-for-Media-Technology/92Y-Archives/Collection-Descriptions-and-Finding-Aids/Arts-and-Culture.aspx |title=Arts and Culture, Art Center records 1930–2004, Finding Aid |last=Abbott |first=Leala |date=December 2004 |website=Milstein/Rosenthal Center for Media & Technology |publisher=[[92nd Street Y]] |access-date=2015-06-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150621213159/http://www.92y.org/Uptown/Milstein-Rosenthal-Center-for-Media-Technology/92Y-Archives/Collection-Descriptions-and-Finding-Aids/Arts-and-Culture.aspx |archive-date=2015-06-21 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Leon Bibel]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://museums.richmond.edu/exhibitions/lora-robins-gallery/Leon-Bibel.html |title=Leon Bibel: Art, Activism, and the WPA |website=Lora Robins Gallery of Design from Nature |publisher=[[University of Richmond]] |access-date=2015-06-22 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150623105725/http://museums.richmond.edu/exhibitions/lora-robins-gallery/Leon-Bibel.html |archive-date=2015-06-23 }}</ref> * [[Robert Blackburn (artist)|Robert Blackburn]]<ref name="When Art Worked"/>{{Rp|170}} * [[Arnold Blanch]]<ref name="New Horizons"/>{{Rp|153}} * [[Lucile Blanch]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/images/detail/lucile-blanch-1976 |title=Lucile Blanch, 1940 Oct. 31|website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-17 }}</ref> * [[Lucienne Bloch]]<ref name="NYT American Murals"/> * [[Aaron Bohrod]]<ref name="New Horizons"/>{{Rp|144}} * [[Ilya Bolotowsky]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://livingnewdeal.org/projects/1939-worlds-fair-mural-study-chicago-il/ |title=1939 World's Fair Mural Study – Chicago IL |website=The Living New Deal |publisher=Department of Geography, [[University of California, Berkeley]] |access-date=2015-06-10 }}</ref><ref name="Williamsburg">{{cite web |url=http://livingnewdeal.org/projects/williamsburg-housing-development-murals-brooklyn-ny/ |title=Williamsburg Housing Development Murals – Brooklyn NY|website=The Living New Deal |publisher=Department of Geography, University of California, Berkeley |access-date=2015-06-10 }}</ref> * [[Adele Brandeis]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/interviews/oral-history-interview-adele-brandeis-12249 |title=Oral history interview with Adele Brandeis |date=June 1, 1965 |website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-18 }}</ref> * [[Louise Brann]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/images/detail/louise-brann-5815 |title=Louise Brann, ca. 1935|website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-17 }}</ref> * [[Edgar Britton]]<ref name="New Horizons"/>{{Rp|138}} * [[Manuel Bromberg]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/images/detail/manuel-bromberg-3132 |title=Manuel Bromberg, 1939 Jan. 23 |website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-17 }}</ref> * [[James Brooks (painter)|James Brooks]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/interviews/oral-history-interview-james-brooks-12719 |title=Oral history interview with James Brooks |date=June 10–12, 1965 |website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-17 }}</ref><ref name="Librarian Praises WPA">{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Bailey, Chief Librarian, Praises WPA Art Project |newspaper=Long Island Sunday Press |location=Long Island, New York |date=April 5, 1936 }}</ref> * [[Selma Burke]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/images/detail/selma-burke-2007 |title=Selma Burke |website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-16 }}</ref> * [[Letterio Calapai]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/images/detail/letterio-calapai-3128 |title=Letterio Calapai, ca. 1937|website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-17 }}</ref> * [[Samuel Cashwan]]<ref name="New Horizons"/>{{Rp|156}} * [[Giorgio Cavallon]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/interviews/oral-history-interview-giorgio-cavallon-11855 |title=Oral history interview with Giorgio Cavallon, 1974|website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2016-04-20 }}</ref> * [[Daniel Celentano]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://livingnewdeal.org/projects/p-s-150-mural-queens-ny/ |title=P.S. 150 Mural – Queens NY|website=The Living New Deal |publisher=Department of Geography, University of California, Berkeley |access-date=2016-05-11 }}</ref> * [[Dane Chanase]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/images/detail/dane-chanase-2019 |title=Dane Chanase, 1942 Jan. 26|website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-17 }}</ref> * [[Fay Chong]]<ref name="Mahoney">{{cite web |url=https://depts.washington.edu/depress/FAP.shtml |title=The Federal Art Project in Washington State |last=Mahoney |first=Eleanor |date=2012 |website=The Great Depression in Washington State |publisher=Pacific Northwest Labor and Civil Rights Project, [[University of Washington]] |access-date=2015-06-23}}</ref> * [[Claude Clark]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/372005 |title=Claude Clark Sr., ''In the Groove'' |website=The Collection Online |publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art |access-date=2016-04-20 }}</ref> * [[Max Arthur Cohn]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://americanart.si.edu/collections/search/artist/?id=935 |title=Max Arthur Cohn|publisher=[[Smithsonian American Art Museum]] |access-date=2018-01-25 }}</ref> * [[Eldzier Cortor]]<ref name="GSA film">{{cite web |url=http://www.gsa.gov/graphics/admin/recovering_americas_art.swf |title=Recovering America's Art for America |date=2010 |publisher=[[General Services Administration]] |access-date=2015-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924024014/http://www.gsa.gov/graphics/admin/recovering_americas_art.swf |archive-date=2015-09-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Arthur Covey]]<ref name="Connecticut Inventory">{{cite web |url=http://wpa.cslib.org/index.php/category/artists/ |title=Artists |website=WPA Art Inventory Project |publisher=[[Connecticut State Library]] |access-date=2015-07-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150704133818/http://wpa.cslib.org/index.php/category/artists/ |archive-date=2015-07-04 }}</ref> * [[Alfred D. Crimi]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Artist: Alfred D. Crimi |url=https://livingnewdeal.org/artists/alfred-d-crimi/ |website=The Living New Deal |access-date=May 3, 2019}}</ref> * [[Francis Criss]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/images/detail/francis-criss-3092 |title=Francis Criss, 1940 Oct. 29|website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-17 }}</ref> * [[Allan Crite]]<ref name="New Horizons"/>{{Rp|144}} * [[Robert Cronbach]]<ref name="Willert Park Courts"/> * [[John Steuart Curry]]<ref name="Connecticut Inventory"/> * [[Philip Campbell Curtis]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.phxart.org/visit/aboutus/historyandmission |title=History and Mission |website=About Us |publisher=[[Phoenix Art Museum]] |access-date=2015-06-22 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905093835/http://www.phxart.org/visit/aboutus/historyandmission |archive-date=2015-09-05 }}</ref> * [[James Daugherty]]<ref name="Connecticut Inventory"/> *[[Stuart Davis (painter)|Stuart Davis]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wnyc.org/story/215721-stuart-davis/ |title=Art in Public: Stuart Davis on Abstract Art and the WPA, 1939|last=Conn |first=Charis |date=February 15, 2013|website=Annotations: The NEH Preservation Project|publisher=[[WNYC]] |access-date=2015-06-16 }}</ref> * [[Adolf Dehn]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/images/detail/adolf-dehn-2057 |title=Adolf Dehn, 1940 Oct. 29|website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-17 }}</ref> * [[Willem de Kooning]]<ref name="When Art Worked"/>{{Rp|186}} * [[Burgoyne Diller]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/interviews/oral-history-interview-burgoyne-diller-12944 |title=Oral history interview with Burgoyne Diller |date=October 2, 1964 |website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-16 }}</ref> * [[Isami Doi]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.metmuseum.org/collection/the-collection-online/search/374637 |title=Isami Doi, ''Near Coney Island'' |website=The Collection Online |publisher=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] |access-date=2015-06-19 }}</ref> * [[Mabel Dwight]]<ref name="When Art Worked"/>{{Rp|180, 182}} * [[Ruth Egri]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/images/detail/ruth-egri-2079 |title=Ruth Egri, 1937 Apr. 12|website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-17 }}</ref> * [[Fritz Eichenberg]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.metmuseum.org/collection/the-collection-online/search/374656 |title=Fritz Eichenberg, ''April'' |website=The Collection Online |publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art |access-date=2015-06-22 }}</ref> * [[Jacob Elshin]]<ref name="Mahoney"/> * [[George Pearse Ennis]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/images/detail/george-pearse-ennis-3270 |title=George Pearse Ennis, ca. 1936|website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-17 }}</ref> * [[Angna Enters]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/images/detail/angna-enters-2087 |title=Angna Enters, 1940 Nov. 18|website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-17 }}</ref> * [[Philip Evergood]]<ref name="When Art Worked"/>{{Rp|161, 174}} * [[Louis Ferstadt]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/images/detail/louis-ferstadt-3071 |title=Louis Ferstadt, 1939 Jan. 25 |website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-19 }}</ref> * [[Alexander Finta]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/images/detail/alexander-finta-3069 |title=Alexander Finta, 1939 June 14|website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-17 }}</ref> * [[Joseph Fleck]]<ref name="WPA Art Gallup New Mexico"/> * [[Seymour Fogel]]<ref name="NYT American Murals"/><ref name="New Horizons"/>{{Rp|138}} * [[Lily Furedi]]<ref name="Photo Division Files">{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/federal-art-project-photographic-division-collection-5467/more |title=Federal Art Project, Photographic Division collection, circa 1920–1965, bulk 1935–1942|website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-11-27 }}</ref> * [[George Michael Gaethke]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hughes |first=Edan Milton |url=http://archive.org/details/artistsincalifor0000hugh |title=Artists in California, 1786-1940 |date=1986 |publisher=Hughes Publishing Company |isbn=978-0-9616112-0-0 |location=San Francisco, CA |pages=168 |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> * [[Todros Geller]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/new_deal_for_the_arts/activist_arts1.html |title=Activist Arts |website=A New Deal for the Arts |publisher=[[National Archives and Records Administration]] |access-date=2015-06-17 }}</ref> * [[Aaron Gelman]]<ref name="Connecticut Inventory"/> * [[Eugenie Gershoy]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/images/detail/eugenie-gershoy-2120 |title=Eugenie Gershoy, 1938 Mar. 28|website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-17 }}</ref> * [[Enrico Glicenstein]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/images/detail/enrico-glicenstein-3045 |title=Enrico Glicenstein, 1940 Sept. 29|website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-17 }}</ref> * [[Vincent Glinsky]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/images/detail/vincent-glinsky-2124 |title=Vincent Glinsky, 1939 Mar. 8|website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-17 }}</ref> * [[Bertram Goodman]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/images/detail/bertram-goodman-2125 |title=Bertram Goodman, ca. 1939|website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-17 }}</ref> * [[Arshile Gorky]]<ref name="When Art Worked"/>{{Rp|186}} * [[Harry Gottlieb]]<ref name="New Horizons"/>{{Rp|154}} * [[Blanche Grambs]]<ref name="New Horizons"/>{{Rp|154}} * [[Morris Graves]]<ref name="Mahoney"/> * [[Balcomb Greene]]<ref name="Williamsburg"/> * [[Marion Greenwood]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/images/detail/marion-greenwood-2132 |title=Marion Greenwood, 1940 June 4|website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-17 }}</ref> * [[Waylande Gregory]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/images/detail/waylande-gregory-2133 |title=Waylande Gregory |date=June 2, 1937 |website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-16 }}</ref> *[[Philip Guston]]<ref name="When Art Worked"/>{{Rp|161}} * [[Irving Guyer]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.metmuseum.org/collection/the-collection-online/search/374856 |title=Irving Guyer, ''Reading by Lamplight'' |website=The Collection Online |publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art |access-date=2015-06-22 }}</ref> * [[Abraham Harriton]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/images/detail/abraham-harriton-2143 |title=Abraham Harriton, 1938 Aug. 16 |website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-17 }}</ref> * [[Marsden Hartley]]<ref name="When Art Worked"/>{{Rp|161}} * [[Knute Heldner]]<ref name="KnowLA">{{cite web |url=http://www.knowla.org/entry/501/ |title=Federal Art Project |last1=Megraw |first1=Richard |date=January 10, 2011 |website=KnowLA Encyclopedia of Louisiana |publisher=Louisiana Endowment for the Humanities |access-date=2015-10-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915062058/http://www.knowla.org/entry/501/ |archive-date=September 15, 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[August Henkel]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/images/detail/august-henkel-2151 |title=August Henkel, ca. 1939|website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-17 }}</ref> * [[Ralf Henricksen]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/images/detail/ralf-c-henricksen-2152 |title=Ralf C. Henricksen, 1938|website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-17 }}</ref> * [[Magnus Colcord Heurlin]]<ref name="Connecticut Inventory"/> * [[Hilaire Hiler]]<ref name="New Horizons"/>{{Rp|145}} * [[Louis Hirshman]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/wpapos/item/98518713/ |title=Service on the home front There's a job for every Pennsylvanian in these civilian defense efforts. |year=1941 |publisher=Library of Congress }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/wpapos/item/98518714/ |title=Stop and get your free fag bag Careless matches aid the Axis. |year=1941 |publisher=Library of Congress }}</ref> * [[Donal Hord]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/images/detail/donal-hord-2162 |title=Donal Hord, 1937|website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-17 }}</ref> * [[Axel Horn]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/images/detail/axel-horr-3002 |title=Axel Horr [sic], 1940 June 28 |website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-17 }}</ref> * [[Milton Horn]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/images/detail/milton-horn-2163 |title=Milton Horn, c. 1937 |website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-17 }}</ref> * [[Allan Houser]]<ref name="WPA Art Gallup New Mexico"/> * [[Eitaro Ishigaki]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/images/detail/eitaro-ishigaki-2986 |title=Eitaro Ishigaki, ca. 1940|website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-17 }}</ref> * [[Edwin Boyd Johnson]]<ref name="New Horizons"/>{{Rp|140}} * [[Sargent Claude Johnson]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.metmuseum.org/collection/the-collection-online/search/399003 |title=Sargent Claude Johnson, ''Dorothy C.'' |website=The Collection Online |publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art |access-date=2015-06-22 }}</ref> * [[Tom Loftin Johnson (artist)|Tom Loftin Johnson]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/images/detail/tom-loftin-johnson-2982 |title=Tom Loftin Johnson, 1938 |website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-17 }}</ref> *[[William Johnson (artist)|William H. Johnson]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://americanart.si.edu/education/classroom/help/bio/ |title=William H. Johnson: A Guide for Teachers |website=American Art Museum and the Renwick Gallery |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613193628/http://americanart.si.edu/education/classroom/help/bio/ |archive-date=2015-06-13 }}</ref> * [[Leonard D. Jungwirth]]<ref name="GSA film"/> * [[Reuben Kadish]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.metmuseum.org/collection/the-collection-online/search/375028 |title=Reuben Kadish, ''Conversation with a Quarry Master'' |website=The Collection Online |publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art |access-date=2015-06-22 }}</ref> * [[Sheffield Kagy]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.metmuseum.org/collection/the-collection-online/search/375029 |title=Sheffield Kagy, ''Symphony Conductor'' |website=The Collection Online |publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art |access-date=2015-06-22 }}</ref> * [[Jacob Kainen]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.metmuseum.org/collection/the-collection-online/search/375050 |title=Jacob Kainen, ''Rooming House'' |website=The Collection Online |publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art |access-date=2015-06-22 }}</ref> * [[David Karfunkle]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/images/detail/david-karfunkle-2971 |title=David Karfunkle, ca. 1938 |website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-19 }}</ref> * [[Leon Kelly]]<ref name="New Horizons"/>{{Rp|145}} * [[Paul Kelpe]]<ref name="Williamsburg"/> * [[Troy Kinney]]<ref name="Connecticut Inventory"/> * [[Georgina Klitgaard]]<ref name="New Horizons"/>{{Rp|145}} * [[Gene Kloss]]<ref name="New Horizons"/>{{Rp|154}} * [[Karl Knaths]]<ref name="New Horizons"/>{{Rp|141, 146}} * [[Edwin B. Knutesen]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wisconsinart.org/archives/affiliation/wpa-works-progress-administration--new-deal-artists-108.aspx|title=WPA - Works Progress Administration - New Deal Artists | MOWA Online Archive|website=wisconsinart.org}}</ref> * [[Lee Krasner]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/interviews/oral-history-interview-lee-krasner-12507 |title=Oral history interview with Lee Krasner |date=November 2, 1964 – April 11, 1968 |website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-15 }}</ref> * [[Kalman Kubinyi]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.metmuseum.org/collection/the-collection-online/search/375145 |title=Kalman Kubinyi, ''Skaters'' |website=The Collection Online |publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art |access-date=2015-06-22 }}</ref> *[[Yasuo Kuniyoshi]]<ref name="New Horizons"/>{{Rp|154}} *[[Jacob Lawrence]]<ref name="When Art Worked"/>{{Rp|161}} * [[Edward Laning]]<ref name="New Horizons"/>{{Rp|141}} * [[Michael Lantz]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.americanart.si.edu/collections/search/artist/?id=2793 |title=Michael Lantz |publisher=Smithsonian American Art Museum |access-date=2015-06-19 }}</ref> * [[Blanche Lazzell]]<ref name="New Horizons"/>{{Rp|154}} * [[Thomas C. Lea III|Tom Lea]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://livingnewdeal.org/projects/branson-library-art-las-cruces-nm/ |title=New Mexico State University: Branson Library Art – Las Cruces NM|website=The Living New Deal |publisher=Department of Geography, University of California, Berkeley |access-date=2015-06-10 }}</ref> * [[Lawrence Lebduska]]<ref name="New Horizons"/>{{Rp|146}} * [[Joseph Leboit]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.metmuseum.org/collection/the-collection-online/search/375189 |title=Joseph Leboit, ''Tranquility'' |website=The Collection Online |publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art |access-date=2015-06-19 }}</ref> * [[William Robinson Leigh]]<ref name="WPA Art Gallup New Mexico"/> * [[Julian E. Levi]]<ref name="New Horizons"/>{{Rp|146}} * [[Jack Levine]]<ref name="New Horizons"/>{{Rp|146}} * [[Monty Lewis (artist)|Monty Lewis]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/images/detail/monty-lewis-2587 |title=Monty Lewis, 1938 May 26 |website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-17 }}</ref> * [[Elba Lightfoot]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/images/detail/elba-lightfoot-2232 |title=Elba Lightfoot, 1938 Jan. 14|website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-19 }}</ref> * [[Abraham Lishinsky]]<ref name="New Horizons"/>{{Rp|141}} * [[Michael Loew]]<ref name="WPA Murals Approved NYT">{{cite news |date=October 28, 1935 |title=Murals Approved of 5 WPA Artists |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1935/10/23/archives/murals-approved-of-5-wpa-artists-sketches-for-three-schools-and-a.html |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=2015-06-24 }}</ref> * [[Thomas Gaetano LoMedico]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/images/detail/thomas-gaetano-lo-medico-2240 |title=Thomas Gaetano Lo Medico, 1938 May 12|website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-17 }}</ref> * [[Louis Lozowick]]<ref name="When Art Worked"/>{{Rp|168, 171}} * [[Nan Lurie]]<ref name="New Horizons"/>{{Rp|155}} * [[Guy Maccoy]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/interviews/oral-history-interview-guy-and-genoi-pettit-maccoy-11792 |title=Oral history interview with Guy and Genoi Pettit Maccoy|date=July 24, 1965 |website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-13 }}</ref> * [[Stanton Macdonald-Wright]]<ref name="FAP Group Photo">{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/images/detail/federal-art-project-artists-3006 |title=Federal Art Project Artists, 1937|website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-17 }}</ref> * [[George McNeil (artist)|George McNeil]]<ref name="New Horizons"/>{{Rp|144}} * [[Moissaye Marans]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/images/detail/moissaye-marans-2261 |title=Moissaye Marans, ca. 1939|website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-17 }}</ref> * [[David Margolis (artist)|David Margolis]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/images/detail/david-margolis-2898 |title=David Margolis, 1940 May 29|website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-19 }}</ref> * [[Kyra Markham]]<ref name="New Horizons"/>{{Rp|155}} * [[Jack Markow]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.metmuseum.org/collection/the-collection-online/search/375376 |title=Jack Markow, ''Street in Manasquan'' |website=The Collection Online |publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art |access-date=2015-06-22 }}</ref> * [[Mercedes Matter]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/hanshofmann/mercedes_matter_002.html |title=Mercedes Matter Interview Excerpts|date=2003 |website=Hans Hofmann: Artist/Teacher, Teacher/Artist |publisher=PBS |access-date=2015-06-15 }}</ref> * [[Jan Matulka]]<ref name="New Horizons"/>{{Rp|144}} * [[Dina Melicov]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/images/detail/dina-melicov-2273 |title=Dina Melicov, 1939 Apr. 26 |website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-17 }}</ref> * [[Hugh Mesibov]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nga.gov/collection-search-result.html?artist=%2C%20Hugh&sortOrder=DEFAULT&pageNumber=1&lastFacet=sortOrder|title=Hugh Mesibov |website=National Gallery of Art |publisher=National Gallery of Art |access-date=2021-02-16 }}</ref> * [[Katherine Milhous]]<ref name="New Horizons"/>{{Rp|163}} * [[Jo Mora]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://livingnewdeal.org/projects/king-city-high-school-auditorium-bas-reliefs-king-city-ca/ |title=King City High School Auditorium Bas Reliefs – King City CA|website=The Living New Deal |publisher=Department of Geography, University of California, Berkeley |access-date=2015-06-17 }}</ref> * [[Helmuth Naumer]]<ref name="WPA Art Gallup New Mexico"/> * [[Louise Nevelson]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guggenheim.org/new-york/collections/collection-online/artists/bios/1150/Louise%20Nevelson |title=Louise Nevelson |website=Guggenheim Collection Online |publisher=[[Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation]] |access-date=2015-06-15 }}</ref> * [[James Michael Newell]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/images/detail/james-michael-newell-2854 |title=James Michael Newell, ca. 1937 |website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-17 }}</ref> * [[Spencer Baird Nichols]]<ref name="Connecticut Inventory"/> * [[Elizabeth Olds]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/images/detail/elizabeth-olds-2309 |title=Elizabeth Olds, 1937|website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-18 }}</ref> * [[John Opper]]<ref name="St. Petersburg Times May 1990">{{cite news |title=Thinking in the Abstract Series |author=Mary Ann Marger |work=St. Petersburg Times |location=St. Petersburg, Florida |date=1990-05-07 |page=1D }}</ref> * [[William C. Palmer]]<ref name="New Horizons"/>{{Rp|142}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/images/detail/william-c-palmer-5817 |title=William C. Palmer, 1936|website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-17 }}</ref> * [[Phillip Pavia]]<ref name="Connecticut Inventory"/> * [[I. Rice Pereira|Irene Rice Pereira]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/images/detail/irene-rice-pereira-2836 |title=Irene Rice Pereira, 1938 Aug. 22 |website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-17 }}</ref> * [[Jackson Pollock]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guggenheim.org/new-york/collections/collection-online/artists/bios/963 |title=Jackson Pollock |website=Guggenheim Collection Online |publisher=Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation |access-date=2015-06-15 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150530122718/http://www.guggenheim.org/new-york/collections/collection-online/artists/bios/963 |archive-date=2015-05-30 }}</ref> * [[George Post (painter)|George Post]]<ref name="New Horizons"/>{{Rp|150}} * [[Gregorio Prestopino]]<ref name="New Horizons"/>{{Rp|147}} * [[Mac Raboy]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.metmuseum.org/collection/the-collection-online/search/360344 |title=Mac Raboy, ''Hitchhiker'' |website=The Collection Online |publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art |access-date=2015-06-22 }}</ref> * [[Anton Refregier]]<ref name="New Horizons"/>{{Rp|155}} *[[Ad Reinhardt]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/interviews/oral-history-interview-ad-reinhardt-12891 |title=Oral history interview with Ad Reinhardt|date=1964 |website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-16 }}</ref> * [[Misha Reznikoff]]<ref name="New Horizons"/>{{Rp|147}} * [[Mischa Richter]]<ref name="Connecticut Inventory"/> * [[Diego Rivera]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://livingnewdeal.org/projects/city-college-san-francisco-pan-american-unity-mural-san-francisco-ca/ |title=City College of San Francisco: Rivera Mural – San Francisco CA|website=The Living New Deal |publisher=Department of Geography, [[University of California, Berkeley]] |access-date=2015-06-15 }}</ref> * [[Jose de Rivera|José de Rivera]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/interviews/oral-history-interview-jos-de-rivera-12594 |title=Oral history interview with José de Rivera |date=February 24, 1968 |website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-12 }}</ref> * [[Emanuel Glicen Romano]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/images/detail/emanuel-glicen-romano-2352 |title=Emanuel Glicen Romano, 1936 Nov. 23|website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-18 }}</ref> * [[Mark Rothko]]<ref name="When Art Worked"/>{{Rp|161}} * [[Alexander Rummler]]<ref name="Connecticut Inventory"/> * [[Augusta Savage]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://americanart.si.edu/collections/search/artist/?id=4269 |title=Augusta Savage |publisher=Smithsonian American Art Museum |access-date=2015-06-10 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.1939nyworldsfair.com/worlds_fair/wf_tour/zone-2/the-harp.htm |title=The Harp by Augusta Savage |website=1939 NY World's Fair |access-date=2015-06-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312063758/http://www.1939nyworldsfair.com/worlds_fair/wf_tour/zone-2/the-harp.htm |archive-date=2017-03-12 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Concetta Scaravaglione]]<ref name="New Horizons"/>{{Rp|157}} * [[Louis Schanker]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/interviews/oral-history-interview-louis-schanker-12390 |title=Oral history interview with Louis Schanker |date=1963 |website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-11 }}</ref> * [[Edwin Scheier]]<ref name="Scheier NH"/> * [[Mary Scheier]]<ref name="Scheier NH">{{cite web |url=https://www.nh.gov/nharts/artsandartists/inmemory/maryscheier.html |title=Edwin & Mary Scheier |date=February 12, 2015 |publisher=New Hampshire State Council on the Arts |access-date=2015-06-22 }}</ref> * [[Carl Schmitt (artist)|Carl Schmitt]]<ref name="Connecticut Inventory"/> * [[William S. Schwartz]]<ref name="New Horizons"/>{{Rp|147}} * [[Georgette Seabrooke]]<ref name="Harlem Hospital Murals NYT">{{cite news |last=Pogrebin |first=Robin |date=September 16, 2012 |title=At Harlem Hospital, Murals Get a New Life |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/17/arts/design/murals-at-harlem-hospital-get-a-new-life.html |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=2015-06-22 }}</ref> * [[Ben Shahn]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/interviews/oral-history-interview-ben-shahn-12500 |title=Oral history interview with Ben Shahn|date=October 3, 1965 |website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-13 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://livingnewdeal.org/projects/rikers-island-prison-murals-east-elmhurst-ny/ |title=Rikers Island WPA Murals – East Elmhurst NY|website=The Living New Deal |publisher=Department of Geography, University of California, Berkeley |access-date=2015-06-10 }}</ref> * [[William Howard Shuster]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/interviews/oral-history-interview-will-shuster-13208#transcript |title=Oral history interview with Will Shuster, 1964 |website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2016-04-20 }}</ref> * [[Mitchell Siporin]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://livingnewdeal.org/projects/lane-tech-college-prep-high-school-teaching-arts-mural-chicago-il/ |title=Lane Tech College Prep High School Auditorium Mural – Chicago IL|website=The Living New Deal |publisher=Department of Geography, University of California, Berkeley |access-date=2015-06-15 }}</ref> * [[John French Sloan]]<ref name="Brian Naylor"/> * [[Joseph Solman]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/interviews/oral-history-interview-joseph-solman-12928 |website=Archives of American Art |title=Oral history interview with Joseph Solman |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-13 }}</ref> * [[William Sommer]]<ref name="New Horizons"/>{{Rp|151}} * [[Isaac Soyer]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://metmuseum.org/collection/the-collection-online/search/397709 |title=Isaac Soyer, ''A Nickel a Shine'' |website=The Collection Online |publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art |access-date=2015-06-22 }}</ref> * [[Moses Soyer]]<ref name="When Art Worked"/>{{Rp|161}} * [[Raphael Soyer]]<ref name="When Art Worked"/>{{Rp|32}} * [[Ralph Stackpole]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://livingnewdeal.org/projects/george-washington-high-school-stackpole-mural-san-francisco-ca/ |title=George Washington High School: Stackpole Mural – San Francisco CA |website=The Living New Deal |publisher=Department of Geography, University of California, Berkeley |access-date=2015-06-22 }}</ref> * [[Cesare Stea]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/images/detail/cesare-stea-2403 |title=Cesare Stea, 1939 Mar. 2|website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-17 }}</ref> * [[Walter Steinhart]]<ref name="Connecticut Inventory"/> * [[Joseph Stella]]<ref name="When Art Worked"/>{{Rp|175}} * [[Harry Sternberg]]<ref name="When Art Worked"/>{{Rp|167}} * [[Sakari Suzuki]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/images/detail/sakari-suzuki-2411 |title=Sakari Suzuki, 1936 Dec. 2 |website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-14 }}</ref> * [[Albert Swinden]]<ref name="Williamsburg"/><ref name="Dunlap Murals NYT">{{cite news |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=November 5, 2014 |title=At Future Cornell Campus, the First Step in Restoring Murals Is Finding Them|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/06/nyregion/at-future-cornell-campus-the-first-step-in-restoring-murals-is-finding-them.html?_r=0# |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=2015-06-22 }}</ref> * [[Rufino Tamayo]]<ref name="New Horizons"/>{{Rp|151}} * [[Elizabeth Terrell]]<ref name="New Horizons"/>{{Rp|147}} * [[Lenore Thomas Straus|Lenore Thomas]]<ref name="When Art Worked"/>{{Rp|323}} * [[Dox Thrash]]<ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|373}} * [[Mark Tobey]]<ref name="When Art Worked"/>{{Rp|161}}<ref name="Mahoney"/> * [[Harry Everett Townsend]]<ref name="Connecticut Inventory"/> * [[Edward Buk Ulreich]]<ref name="Librarian Praises WPA"/> *[[Charles Umlauf]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.umlaufsculpture.org/charles-umlauf,|title=Timeline under Charles Umlauf bio on the UMLAUF Website}}</ref> * [[Jacques Van Aalten]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/images/detail/jacques-van-aalten-3263 |title=Jacques Van Aalten, 1938 May 26|website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-17 }}</ref> * [[Stuyvesant Van Veen]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/stuyvesant-van-veen-papers-9250 |title=Stuyvesant Van Veen papers, circa 1926-1988|website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-17 }}</ref> * [[Herman Volz]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.metmuseum.org/collection/the-collection-online/search/398330 |title=Herman Roderick Volz, ''Lockout'' |website=The Collection Online |publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art |access-date=2015-06-22 }}</ref> *[[Mark Voris]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/interviews/oral-history-interview-mark-voris-12722|title=Oral history interview with Mark Voris, 1965 February 11|website=www.aaa.si.edu}}</ref> * [[John Augustus Walker]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2010638051/ |title=Murals by John Augustus Walker on permanent display in the Museum of Mobile lobby, Mobile, Alabama |publisher=Library of Congress |access-date=2015-06-17 }}</ref> * [[Andrew Winter (artist)|Andrew Winter]]<ref name="Brian Naylor"/> * [[Jean Xceron]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/images/detail/jean-xceron-2728 |title=Jean Xceron, 1942 Jan. 13|website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-18 }}</ref> * [[Edgar Yaeger]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/edgar-l-yaeger-papers-6415 |title=Edgar L. Yaeger papers, 1923-1989 |website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-17 }}</ref> * [[Bernard Zakheim]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/california-federal-art-project-papers-9810 |title=California Federal Art Project papers, 1935-1964|website=Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=2015-06-23 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Nolte |first=Carl |date=February 27, 2015 |title=UCSF to let public see trove of medical history murals|url=http://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/UCSF-to-let-public-see-trove-of-medical-history-6107054.php |newspaper=[[San Francisco Chronicle]] |access-date=2015-06-23 }}</ref> * [[Karl Zerbe]]<ref name="New Horizons"/>{{Rp|148}} {{div col end}} ==Community Art Center program== {{multiple image <!-- Essential parameters --> | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 220 <!-- Image 1 --> | image1 =Music in Paint, Jacksonville, Florida Negro Federal Gallery - NARA - 196010.tif | alt1 = | caption1 =Jacksonville Negro Art Center, Jacksonville, Florida <!-- Image 2 --> | image2 =Eleanor-Roosevelt-South-Side-Art-Center-1941.jpg | alt2 = | caption2 =[[Eleanor Roosevelt]] at the dedication of the [[South Side Community Art Center]], Chicago, Illinois (May 7, 1941) <!-- Image 3 --> | image3 =Mason-City-Art-Center-Poster.jpg | alt3 = | caption3 =Poster for the opening of the Mason City Art Center, Mason City, Iowa (1941) <!-- Image 4 --> | image4 =Walker-Art-Center-class-1941.jpg | alt4 = | caption4 =Children's art class at the [[Walker Art Center]], Minneapolis, Minnesota <!-- Image 5 --> | image5 =Roswell-Art-Center.jpg | alt5 = | caption5 =American design exhibit at the [[Roswell Museum and Art Center]], Roswell, New Mexico (1941) <!-- Image 6 --> | image6 =Harlem-Art-Center-Poster.jpg | alt6 = | caption6 =Poster for the [[Harlem Community Art Center]], New York City (1938) <!-- Image 7 --> | image7 =Students-Harlem-Community-Art-Center-1938.jpg | alt7 = | caption7 =Class at the Harlem Community Art Center (January 1, 1938) <!-- Image 8 --> | image8 =Greensboro-Art-Center-Poster.jpg | alt8 = | caption8 =Poster for the open house of the Greensboro Art Center, Greensboro, North Carolina (1937) <!-- Image 9 --> | image9 =WPA Federal Art Center at the Municipal Auditorium in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma - NARA - 196145.tif | alt9 = | caption9 =[[Civic Center Music Hall|Oklahoma Art Center]], Oklahoma City, Oklahoma <!-- Image 10 --> | image10 =WPA Art Center in Gold Beach, Oregon - NARA - 196006.tif | alt10 = | caption10 =Curry County Art Center, Gold Beach, Oregon }} The first federally sponsored community art center opened in December 1936 in Raleigh, North Carolina.<ref name="ALA"/> {| class="wikitable" |- ! State ! City ! Name ! Notes |- | [[Alabama]] | [[Birmingham, Alabama|Birmingham]] | | Extension art gallery<ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|441}} |- | Alabama | Birmingham | Healey School Art Gallery | <ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|441}} |- | Alabama | [[Mobile, Alabama|Mobile]] | Mobile Art Center, Public Library Building | <ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|441}} |- | [[Arizona]] | [[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix]] | Phoenix Art Center | <ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|441}} |- | District of Columbia | [[Washington, D.C.]] | Children's Art Gallery | <ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|441}} |- | [[Florida]] | [[Bradenton, Florida|Bradenton]] | Bradenton Art Center | <ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|441}} |- | Florida | [[Coral Gables, Florida|Coral Gables]] | Coral Gables Art Gallery | Extension art gallery<ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|441}} |- | Florida | [[Daytona Beach, Florida|Daytona Beach]] | Daytona Beach Art Center | <ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|441}} |- | Florida | [[Jacksonville, Florida|Jacksonville]] | Jacksonville Art Center | <ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|441}} |- | Florida | Jacksonville | Jacksonville Beach Art Gallery | Extension art gallery<ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|441}} |- | Florida | Jacksonville | Jacksonville Negro Art Center | Extension art gallery<ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|441}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.floridamemory.com/items/show/152744 |title=Children drawing at the Jacksonville Negro Art Center of the WPA Federal Art Project- Jacksonville, Florida |website=Florida Memory |publisher=State Library and Archives of Florida |access-date=2015-10-27 }}</ref> |- | Florida | [[Key West, Florida|Key West]] | Key West Community Art Center | <ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|441}} |- | Florida | [[Miami, Florida|Miami]] | Miami Art Center | <ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|441}} |- | Florida | [[Milton, Florida|Milton]] | Milton Art Gallery | Extension art gallery<ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|441}} |- | Florida | [[New Smyrna Beach, Florida|New Smyrna Beach]] | New Smyrna Beach Art Center | <ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|441}} |- | Florida | [[Ocala, Florida|Ocala]] | Ocala Art Center | <ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|441}} |- | Florida | [[Pensacola, Florida|Pensacola]] | Pensacola Art Center | <ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|441}} |- | Florida | [[St. Petersburg, Florida|St. Petersburg]] | Jordan Park Negro Exhibition Center | <ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|441}} |- | Florida | St. Petersburg | St. Petersburg Art Center | <ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|442}} |- | Florida | St. Petersburg | St. Petersburg Civic Exhibition Center | <ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|442}} |- | Florida | [[Tampa, Florida|Tampa]] | Tampa Art Center | <ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|442}} |- | Florida | Tampa | [[West Tampa]] Negro Art Gallery | <ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|442}} |- | [[Illinois]] | [[Chicago]] | [[Hyde Park Art Center]] | <ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|442}} |- | [[Illinois]] | [[Chicago]] | [[South Side Community Art Center]] | <ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|442}} |- | [[Iowa]] | [[Mason City, Iowa|Mason City]] | Mason City Art Center | <ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|442}} |- | Iowa | [[Ottumwa, Iowa|Ottumwa]] | Ottumwa Art Center | <ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|442}} |- | Iowa | [[Sioux City, Iowa|Sioux City]] | [[Sioux City Art Center]] | <ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|442}} |- | [[Kansas]] | [[Topeka, Kansas|Topeka]] | Topeka Art Center | <ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|442}} |- | [[Minnesota]] | [[Minneapolis]] | [[Walker Art Center]] | <ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|442}}<ref name="Rash WPA Roots">{{cite news |last=Rash |first=John |date=January 30, 2015 |title=The Walker's WPA roots are still relevant today|url=http://www.startribune.com/the-walker-s-wpa-roots-are-still-relevant-today/290391651/ |newspaper=[[Star Tribune]] |location=[[Minneapolis]], [[Minnesota]] |access-date=2015-06-21 }}</ref> |- | [[Mississippi]] | [[Greenville, Mississippi|Greenville]] | Delta Art Center | <ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|442}} |- | Mississippi | [[Oxford, Mississippi|Oxford]] | [[University of Mississippi Museum|Oxford Art Center]] | <ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|442}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Grieve |first=Victoria |date=2009 |title=The Federal Art Project and the Creation of Middlebrow Culture|location=Urbana |publisher=[[University of Illinois Press]] |page=145 |isbn=9780252034213 }}</ref> |- | Mississippi | [[Sunflower, Mississippi|Sunflower]] | Sunflower County Art Center | <ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|442}} |- | [[Missouri]] | [[St. Louis, Missouri|St. Louis]] | The People's Art Center | <ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|442}} |- | [[Montana]] | [[Butte, Montana|Butte]] | Butte Art Center | <ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|442}} |- | Montana | [[Great Falls, Montana|Great Falls]] | Great Falls Art Center | <ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|442}} |- | [[New Mexico]] | [[Gallup, New Mexico|Gallup]] | Gallup Art Center | <ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|443}}<ref name="WPA Art Gallup New Mexico"/> |- | New Mexico | [[Melrose, New Mexico|Melrose]] | Melrose Art Center | <ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|443}} |- | New Mexico | [[Roswell, New Mexico|Roswell]] | [[Roswell Museum and Art Center]] | <ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|443}} |- | [[New York City]] | [[Brooklyn]] | Brooklyn Community Art Center | <ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|443}} |- | New York City | [[Manhattan]] | [[92nd Street Y|Contemporary Art Center]] | <ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|443}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.92y.org/Uptown/Milstein-Rosenthal-Center-for-Media-Technology/92Y-Archives/Collection-Descriptions-and-Finding-Aids/Arts-and-Culture.aspx |title=Arts and Culture, Art Center records 1930–2004, Finding Aid |last=Abbott |first=Leala |date=December 2004 |website=Milstein/Rosenthal Center for Media & Technology |publisher=[[92nd Street Y]] |access-date=2015-06-21 |quote=In 1935 and 1936, 92Y, in cooperation with the federal Works Progress Administration (W.P.A.) and the New York City Board of Education, began offering free courses … The Contemporary Art Center, part of the W.P.A.'s Federal Art Project, offered daytime courses for serious art students and was led by Nathaniel Dirk. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150621213159/http://www.92y.org/Uptown/Milstein-Rosenthal-Center-for-Media-Technology/92Y-Archives/Collection-Descriptions-and-Finding-Aids/Arts-and-Culture.aspx |archive-date=2015-06-21 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | New York City | [[Harlem]] | [[Harlem Community Art Center]] | <ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|443}} |- | New York City | [[Flushing, Queens]] | Queensboro Community Art Center | <ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|443}} |- | [[North Carolina]] | [[Cary, North Carolina|Cary]] | Cary Gallery | Extension art gallery<ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|443}} |- | North Carolina | [[Greensboro, North Carolina|Greensboro]] | Greensboro Art Center | <ref name="ALA">{{cite journal |last=Parker |first=Thomas C. |date=October 15, 1938 |title=Federally Sponsored Community Art Centers |url=http://newdeal.feri.org/ala/al38807.htm |journal=Bulletin of the American Library Association |publisher=[[American Library Association]] |volume=32 |issue=11 |page=807 |access-date=2015-10-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150919190719/http://newdeal.feri.org/ala/al38807.htm |archive-date=September 19, 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | North Carolina | [[Greenville, North Carolina|Greenville]] | Greenville Art Gallery | <ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|443}} |- | North Carolina | [[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh]] | Crosby-Garfield School | Extension art gallery<ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|443}} |- | North Carolina | Raleigh | [[Needham B. Broughton High School]] | Extension art gallery<ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|443}} |- | North Carolina | Raleigh | Raleigh Art Center | <ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|444}} |- | North Carolina | [[Wilmington, North Carolina|Wilmington]] | Wilmington Art Center | <ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|443}} |- | [[Oklahoma]] | [[Bristow, Oklahoma|Bristow]] | Bristow Art Gallery | Extension art gallery<ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|443}} |- | Oklahoma | [[Claremore, Oklahoma|Claremore]] | Claremore Art Gallery | Extension art gallery<ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|443}} |- | Oklahoma | Claremore | Will Rogers Public Library | Extension art gallery<ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|443}} |- | Oklahoma | [[Clinton, Oklahoma|Clinton]] | Clinton Art Gallery | Extension art gallery<ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|443}} |- | Oklahoma | [[Cushing, Oklahoma|Cushing]] | Cushing Art Gallery | Extension art gallery<ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|443}} |- | Oklahoma | [[Edmond, Oklahoma|Edmond]] | Edmond Art Gallery | Extension art gallery<ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|443}} |- | Oklahoma | [[Marlow, Oklahoma|Marlow]] | Marlow Art Gallery | Extension art gallery<ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|443}} |- | [[Oklahoma]] | [[Oklahoma City]] | [[Civic Center Music Hall|Oklahoma Art Center]] | <ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|443}} |- | Oklahoma | [[Okmulgee, Oklahoma|Okmulgee]] | Okmulgee Art Center | Extension art gallery<ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|443}} |- | Oklahoma | [[Sapulpa, Oklahoma|Sapulpa]] | Sapulpa Art Gallery | Extension art gallery<ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|443}} |- | Oklahoma | [[Shawnee, Oklahoma|Shawnee]] | Shawnee Art Gallery | Extension art gallery<ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|443}} |- | Oklahoma | [[Skiatook, Oklahoma|Skiatook]] | Skiatook Art Gallery | Extension art gallery<ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|443}} |- | [[Oregon]] | [[Gold Beach, Oregon|Gold Beach]] | Curry County Art Center | <ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|444}} |- | Oregon | [[La Grande, Oregon|La Grande]] | Grande Ronde Valley Art Center | <ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|444}} |- | Oregon | [[Salem, Oregon|Salem]] | Salem Art Center | <ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|444}} |- | [[Pennsylvania]] | [[Somerset, Pennsylvania|Somerset]] | Somerset Art Center | <ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|444}} |- | [[Tennessee]] | [[Chattanooga, Tennessee|Chattanooga]] | [[University of Tennessee at Chattanooga|Hamilton County]] Art Center | <ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|444}} |- | Tennessee | [[Memphis, Tennessee|Memphis]] | [[LeMoyne–Owen College|LeMoyne]] Art Center | <ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|444}} |- | Tennessee | [[Nashville, Tennessee|Nashville]] | [[Peabody College|Peabody]] Art Center | <ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|444}} |- | Tennessee | [[Norris, Tennessee|Norris]] | Anderson County Art Center | <ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|444}} |- | [[Utah]] | [[Cedar City, Utah|Cedar City]] | Cedar City Art Exhibition Association | Extension art gallery<ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|444}} |- | Utah | [[Helper, Utah|Helper]] | Helper Community Gallery | Extension art gallery<ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|444}} |- | Utah | [[Price, Utah|Price]] | Price Community Gallery | Extension art gallery<ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|444}} |- | Utah | [[Provo, Utah|Provo]] | Provo Community Gallery | Extension art gallery<ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|444}} |- | Utah | [[Salt Lake City]] | [[University of Utah|Utah State]] Art Center | <ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|444}} |- | [[Virginia]] | [[Altavista, Virginia|Altavista]] | Altavista Extension Gallery | Extension art gallery<ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|445}} |- | Virginia | [[Big Stone Gap, Virginia|Big Stone Gap]] | Big Stone Gap Art Gallery | <ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|444}} |- | Virginia | [[Lynchburg, Virginia|Lynchburg]] | Lynchburg Art Gallery | <ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|444}} |- | Virginia | [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond]] | Children's Art Gallery | <ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|444}} |- | Virginia | [[Saluda, Virginia|Saluda]] | Middlesex County Museum | Extension art gallery<ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|444}} |- | [[Washington (state)|Washington]] | [[Chehalis, Washington|Chehalis]] | Lewis County Exhibition Center | Extension art gallery<ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|444}} |- | Washington | [[Pullman, Washington|Pullman]] | [[Washington State University|Washington State College]] | Extension art gallery<ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|444}} |- | Washington | [[Spokane, Washington|Spokane]] | [[Spokane Art Center]] | <ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|444}}<ref name="Mahoney SAC">{{cite web |url=http://depts.washington.edu/depress/spokane_art_center.shtml |title=The Spokane Arts Center: Bringing Art to the People |last=Mahoney |first=Eleanor |date=2012 |website=The Great Depression in Washington State |publisher=Pacific Northwest Labor and Civil Rights Project, [[University of Washington]] |access-date=2015-06-23}}</ref> |- | [[West Virginia]] | [[Morgantown, West Virginia|Morgantown]] | Morgantown Art Center | <ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|445}} |- | West Virginia | [[Parkersburg, West Virginia|Parkersburg]] | Parkersburg Art Center | <ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|445}} |- | West Virginia | [[Scotts Run, West Virginia|Scotts Run]] | Scotts Run Art Gallery | Extension art gallery<ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|445}} |- | [[Wyoming]] | [[Casper, Wyoming|Casper]] | Casper Art Gallery | Extension art gallery<ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|445}} |- | Wyoming | [[Lander, Wyoming|Lander]] | Lander Art Gallery | Extension art gallery<ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|445}} |- | Wyoming | [[Laramie, Wyoming|Laramie]] | Laramie Art Center | <ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|445}} |- | Wyoming | [[Newcastle, Wyoming|Newcastle]] | Lander Art Gallery | Extension art gallery<ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|445}} |- | Wyoming | [[Rawlins, Wyoming|Rawlins]] | Rawlins Art Gallery | Extension art gallery<ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|445}} |- | Wyoming | [[Riverton, Wyoming|Riverton]] | Riverton Art Gallery | Extension art gallery<ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|445}} |- | Wyoming | [[Rock Springs, Wyoming|Rock Springs]] | Rock Springs Art Gallery | Extension art gallery<ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|445}} |- | Wyoming | [[Sheridan, Wyoming|Sheridan]] | Sheridan Art Gallery | Extension art gallery<ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|445}} |- | Wyoming | [[Torrington, Wyoming|Torrington]] | Torrington Art Gallery | Extension art gallery<ref name="Kalfatovic"/>{{Rp|445}} |} ==Index of American Design== {{main|Index of American Design}} [[File:Index-of-American-Design-Illinois.jpg|left|thumb|220px|Federal Art Project Illinois poster for an exhibition of the Index of American Design]] {{quotation|As we study the drawings of the Index of American Design we realize that the hands that made the first two hundred years of this country's material culture expressed something more than untutored creative instinct and the rude vigor of a frontier civilization. … The Index, in bringing together thousands of particulars from various sections of the country, tells the story of American hand skills and traces intelligible patterns within that story.|[[Holger Cahill]], national director of the Federal Art Project<ref name="Christensen"/>{{Rp|xv}}}} The Index of American Design program of the Federal Art Project produced a pictorial survey of the crafts and decorative arts of the United States from the [[Colonial history of the United States|early colonial period]] to 1900. Artists working for the Index produced nearly 18,000 meticulously faithful watercolor drawings,<ref name="When Art Worked"/>{{Rp|226}} documenting material culture by largely anonymous artisans.<ref name="Christensen">{{cite book |last=Cahill |first=Holger |author-link=Holger Cahill |year=1950 |chapter=Introduction |editor1-last=Christensen |editor1-first=Erwin O. |title=The Index of American Design |url=https://archive.org/details/indexofamericand0000chri |url-access=registration |location=New York |publisher=[[Macmillan Publishers|The Macmillan Company]] |pages=ix–xvii |oclc=217678 }}</ref>{{Rp|ix}} Objects surveyed ranged from furniture, silver, glass, stoneware and textiles to tavern signs, ships's figureheads, cigar-store figures, carousel horses, toys, tools and weather vanes.<ref name="When Art Worked"/>{{Rp|224}}<ref name="Herzberg">{{cite news |last=Herzberg |first=Max |date=October 15, 1950 |title=American Craftsmanship Offers Beauty and Utility |newspaper=[[Newark Evening News]] }}</ref> Photography was used only to a limited degree since artists could more accurately and effectively present the form, character, color and texture of the objects. The best drawings approach the work of such 19th-century [[trompe-l'œil]] painters as [[William Harnett]]; lesser works represent the process of artists who were given employment and expert training.<ref name="Christensen"/>{{Rp|xiv}} "It was not a nostalgic or antiquarian enterprise," wrote historian [[Roger G. Kennedy]]. "It was initiated by modernists dedicated to abstract design, hoping to influence industrial design — thus in many ways it parallelled the founding philosophy of the Museum of Modern Art in New York."<ref name="When Art Worked"/>{{Rp|224}} [[File:Cahill-Harlem-Community-Art-Center-1938.jpg|right|thumb|220px|[[Holger Cahill]], national director of the Federal Art Project, speaking at the [[Harlem Community Art Center]] (October 24, 1938)]] Like all WPA programs, the Index had the primary purpose of providing employment.<ref name="NYT Jones">{{cite news |last=Jones |first=Louis C. |date=October 22, 1950 |title=Only Yesterday It Was Wooden Indians and Whittled Toys |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1950/10/22/archives/only-yesterday-it-was-wooden-indians-and-whittled-toys.html |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=2015-10-29 }}</ref> Its function was to identify and record material of historical significance that had not been studied and was in danger of being lost. Its aim was to gather together these pictorial records into a body of material that would form the basis for organic development of American design — a usable American past accessible to artists, designers, manufacturers, museums, libraries and schools. The United States had no single comprehensive collection of authenticated historical native design comparable to those available to scholars, artists and industrial designers in Europe.<ref name="NYT Jewell">{{cite news |last=Jewell |first=Edward Alden |date=March 19, 1939 |title=Saving Our Usable Past |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1939/03/19/archives/saving-our-usable-past-the-index-of-american-design-reviews-its.html |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=2015-10-29 }}</ref> "In one sense the Index is a kind of archaeology," wrote Holger Cahill. "It helps to correct a bias which has tended to relegate the work of the craftsman and the folk artist to the subconscious of our history where it can be recovered only by digging. In the past we have lost whole sequences out of their story, and have all but forgotten the unique contribution of hand skills in our culture."<ref name="Christensen"/>{{Rp|xv}} The Index of American Design operated in 34 states and the District of Columbia from 1935 to 1942. It was founded by [[Romana Javitz]], head of the Picture Collection of the [[New York Public Library]], and textile designer [[Ruth Reeves]].<ref name="When Art Worked"/>{{Rp|224}} Reeves was appointed the first national coordinator; she was succeeded by C. Adolph Glassgold (1936) and Benjamin Knotts (1940). [[Constance Rourke]] was national editor.<ref name="Christensen"/>{{Rp|xii}} The work is in the collection of the [[National Gallery of Art]] in Washington, D.C.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nga.gov/collection/iad/history/overview.shtm |title=History |website=Index of American Design |publisher=[[National Gallery of Art]] |access-date=2015-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223101058/http://www.nga.gov/collection/iad/history/overview.shtm |archive-date=2015-12-23 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Index employed an average of 300 artists during its six years in operation.<ref name="Christensen"/>{{Rp|xiv}} One artist was Magnus S. Fossum, a longtime farmer who was compelled by the Depression to move from the Midwest to Florida. After he lost his left hand in an accident in 1934, he produced watercolor renderings for the Index, using magnifiers and drafting instruments for accuracy and precision. Fossum eventually received an insurance settlement that made it possible for him to buy another farm and leave the Federal Art Project.<ref name="When Art Worked"/>{{Rp|228}} In her essay,'Picturing a Usable Past,' Virginia Tuttle Clayton, curator of the 2002-2003 exhibition, ''Drawing on America's Past: Folk Art, Modernism, and the Index of American Design'', held at the National Gallery of Art noted that "the Index of American Design was the result of an ambitious and creative effort to furnish for the visual arts a usable past."<ref>''Drawing on America's Past: Folk Art, Modernism, and the Index of American Design'' by Virginia Tuttle Clayton, Elizabeth Stillinger, [[Erika Doss]], and Deborah Chotner. Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art, 2002.</ref> <gallery mode="packed" heights="240px"> File:Panel from reredos, church of sanctuario at chimayo 1943.8.6818.jpg|Panel from reredos at the Church of Sanctuario at Chimayo File:Fly Catcher.jpg|Fly Catcher, 1937. Frank McEntee. National Gallery of Art File:Magnus-Fossum-Index-of-American-Design-1940.jpg|Magnus Fossum copying the 1770 ''Boston Town Coverlet'' (February 1940) File:Boston-Town-Coverlet-Magnus-Fossum-D12855.jpg|''Boston Town Coverlet''<br/>Magnus Fossum (1935–1942) File:Poke Bonnet.jpg|Poke Bonnet,Irene Lawson. Index of American Design. National Gallery of Art File:Daguerreotype case 1943.8.9185.jpg|Daguerreotype Case Index of American Design File:Age of chivalry circus wagon 1943.8.7735.jpg|"Age of Chivalry" Circus Wagon, c. 1938 File:Noah's ark and animals 1943.8.7806.jpg|Noah's Ark with animals </gallery> ==Poster Division== [[File:Art classes for children LCCN98510141.jpg|thumb|WPA poster advertising art classes for children]] {{anchor|WPA Poster Division}} The WPA Poster Division was headed by [[Richard Floethe]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=DeNoon |first=Christopher |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/16558529 |title=Posters of the WPA |date=1987 |publisher=Wheatley Press, in association with the University of Washington Press, Seattle |others=Francis V. O'Connor |isbn=0-295-96543-6 |location=Los Angeles |oclc=16558529}}</ref> The WPA Poster Division is thought to have produced upward of 35,000 designs and printed some two million posters, originally by hand but quickly transitioning to widespread adoption of the silkscreen process.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Carter |first=Ennis |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/227919759 |title=Posters for the people : art of the WPA |date=2008 |publisher=Quirk Books |others=Christopher DeNoon, Alexander M. Peltz |isbn=978-1-59474-292-7 |location=Philadelphia, PA |oclc=227919759}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> The Poster Division began in New York City and by 1938 had artists in 18 states; the Chicago unit was the second-most productive after New York.<ref name=":0" /> According to preeminent New Deal art historian [[Francis V. O’Connor]], only about 2,000 surviving examples of WPA poster art are held in the nation’s library and museum print collections.<ref name=":0" /> ==WPA Art Recovery Project== {{external media | width = 210px | float = right | headerimage=[[File:Sixthaveatfourteenth FAP John Sloan.jpg|210px]]| video1 = [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BfOOhPE166k&ab_channel=GSA%28GeneralServicesAdministration%29 ''Returning America’s Art to America''], [[General Services Administration]]<ref name="GSA">{{cite web | title =Works Progress Administration (WPA) Art Recovery Project | publisher =General Services Administration | url =https://www.gsaig.gov/index.cfm/other-documents/other/works-progress-administration-wpa-art-recovery-project/ | access-date =September 10, 2015 | url-status =dead | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20150919064231/https://www.gsaig.gov/index.cfm/other-documents/other/works-progress-administration-wpa-art-recovery-project/ | archive-date =September 19, 2015 }}</ref> }} Hundreds of thousands of artworks were commissioned under the Federal Art Project.<ref name="Brian Naylor">{{cite web |url=https://www.npr.org/2014/04/16/303718738/new-deal-treasure-government-searches-for-long-lost-art |title=New Deal Treasure: Government Searches For Long-Lost Art|last=Naylor |first=Brian |date=April 16, 2014 |website=[[All Things Considered]] |publisher=[[NPR]] |access-date=2015-06-13 }}</ref> Many of the portable works have been lost, abandoned, or given away as unauthorized gifts. As custodian of the work, which remains federal property, the [[General Services Administration]] (GSA) maintains an inventory<ref name="GSA Inventory">{{cite web |url=http://www.gsa.gov/portal/content/101384 |title=New Deal Artwork: GSA's Inventory Project |publisher=[[General Services Administration]] |access-date=2015-06-13 |archive-date=2017-07-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170720013035/https://www.gsa.gov/portal/content/101384 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and works with the FBI and art community to identify and recover WPA art.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gsa.gov/portal/content/169461 |title=New Deal Artwork: Ownership and Responsibility |publisher=[[General Services Administration]] |access-date=2015-06-13 }}</ref> In 2010, it produced a 22-minute documentary about the WPA Art Recovery Project, "Returning America’s Art to America", narrated by [[Charles Osgood]].<ref name="WPA Art Recovery Project">{{cite web |url=https://www.gsaig.gov/index.cfm/other-documents/other/works-progress-administration-wpa-art-recovery-project/ |title=Works Progress Administration (WPA) Art Recovery Project |publisher=[[Office of the Inspector General]], General Services Administration |access-date=2015-06-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150919064231/https://www.gsaig.gov/index.cfm/other-documents/other/works-progress-administration-wpa-art-recovery-project/ |archive-date=2015-09-19 }}</ref> In July 2014, the GSA estimated that only 20,000 of the portable works have been located to date.<ref name="GSA Inventory"/><ref>{{cite news |last=MacFarlane |first=Scott |date=September 17, 2014 |title=Lost History: Hunting for WPA Paintings|url=http://www.nbcwashington.com/investigations/Depression-Treasures-Hunting-for-WPA-Paintings-275523541.html |newspaper=[[WRC-TV|NBC 4]] |location=Washington, D.C. |access-date=2015-06-13 }}</ref> In 2015, GSA investigators found 122 Federal Art Project paintings in California libraries, where most had been stored and forgotten.<ref>{{cite news |last=MacFarlane |first=Scott |date=April 20, 2015 |title=Dozens of Pieces of Lost WPA Art Found in California |url=http://www.nbcwashington.com/news/local/Dozens-of-Pieces-of-Lost-WPA-Art-Found-in-California-300716101.html |newspaper=NBC 4 |location=Washington, D.C. |access-date=2015-06-13 }}</ref> ==See also== *[[List of Federal Art Project artists]] *[[Section of Painting and Sculpture]] *[[Public Works of Art Project]] *[[Farm Security Administration]] which employed photographers. ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Further reading== * DeNoon, Christopher. ''Posters of the WPA'' (Los Angeles: Wheatley Press, 1987). * Grieve, Victoria. ''The Federal Art Project and the Creation of Middlebrow Culture'' (2009) [https://www.amazon.com/Federal-Project-Creation-Middlebrow-Culture/dp/025203421X/ excerpt] *{{cite book | title=When art worked | publisher=Rizzoli |author1=Kennedy, Roger G. |author2=David Larkin | year=2009 | location=New York | isbn=978-0-8478-3089-3}} * Kelly, Andrew, ''Kentucky by Design: American Culture, the Decorative Arts and the Federal Art Project's Index of American Design'', University Press of Kentucky, 2015, {{ISBN|978-0-8131-5567-8}} * Russo, Jillian. "The Works Progress Administration Federal Art Project Reconsidered." ''Visual Resources'' 34.1-2 (2018): 13-32. ==External links== {{Commons category}} *[http://livingnewdeal.org/ The Living New Deal] [[Living New Deal|research project and online public archive]] at the [[University of California, Berkeley]] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20150924024014/http://www.gsa.gov/graphics/admin/recovering_americas_art.swf ''Recovering America's Art for America''] (2010), [[General Services Administration]] short documentary about efforts to recover WPA art * [http://www.postersforthepeople.com/ Posters for the People], online archive of WPA posters *[http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/wpaposters/wpahome.html WPA Posters collection] at the [[Library of Congress]] *[http://www.newdealartregistry.org/Home.html New Deal Art Registry] *[http://www.wpamurals.com/ wpamurals.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20121205075827/http://www.wpamurals.com/ |date=2012-12-05 }} – links to each state, with examples of WPA art in each *[http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/federal-art-project-photographic-division-collection-5467 Federal Art Project Photographic Division collection at the Smithsonian Archives of American Art] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110824093907/http://americanart.si.edu/exhibitions/archive/2009/1934/ "1934: A New Deal for Artists"] Exhibition at the [[Smithsonian American Art Museum]] *[http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5100/ “Art Within Reach”: Federal Art Project Community Art Centers] at [[George Mason University]] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20111204031948/http://www.americanabstractartists.org/history/wpamurals/ WPA Murals and American Abstract Artists] at [[American Abstract Artists]] *[http://www.louisschanker.info/wpa.htm WPA Prints and Murals in New York] *[https://exchange.umma.umich.edu/resources/23630 Collection: "Art of the Works Progress Administration WPA"] from the [[University of Michigan Museum of Art]] *[https://www.wnyc.org/story/wnycs-wpa-murals/ WNYC and the WPA Federal Art Project] {{New Deal visual arts programs}} {{Federal One}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Federal Art Project| ]] [[Category:New Deal projects of the arts]] [[Category:Works Progress Administration]] [[Category:New Deal agencies]] [[Category:American art]] [[Category:Murals in the United States]] [[Category:1935 establishments in Washington, D.C.]] [[Category:Government agencies established in 1935]] [[Category:Cultural history of the United States]] [[Category:Public art in the United States]] [[Category:Modern art]] [[Category:1943 disestablishments in Washington, D.C.]]
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