Editing Filipino language

{{short description|National language of the Philippines}}
{{about|the national language and one of the two official languages of the Philippines|other languages|Languages of the Philippines|a proposed subgroup of the Austronesian language family|Philippine languages|the language from which Filipino only de facto but not de jure evolved and developed|Tagalog language}} 
{{Use Philippine English|date=April 2023}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox language
| name             = Filipino
| nativename       = {{lang|fil|Wikang Filipino}}
| pronunciation    = {{IPA|tl|ˈwi.kɐŋ fi.liˈpi.no̞|}}
| states           = [[Philippines]]
| speakers         = [[first language|L1]]: {{sigfig|29.211970|2}} million (2010)
| familycolor      = Austronesian
| fam2             = [[Malayo-Polynesian languages|Malayo-Polynesian]]
| fam3             = [[Philippine languages|Philippine]]
| fam4             = [[Greater Central Philippine languages|Greater Central Philippine]]
| fam5             = [[Central Philippine languages|Central Philippine]]
| fam6             = [[Kasiguranin language|Kasiguranin]]–[[Tagalog language|Tagalog]]
| fam7             = [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]]
| script           = [[Latin script|Latin]] ([[Filipino alphabet]])<br />[[Philippine Braille]]<br />[[Baybayin]] (developing)
| dia1             = 
| nation           = {{PHI}}
| minority         = [[United States]] <br> [[Hong Kong]] <br> [[Saudi Arabia]] <br> [[United Arab Emirates]]
| ethnicity        = 
| agency           = {{Lang|fil|[[Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino]]|italic=no}}
| iso2             = fil
| iso3             = fil
| lingua           = 31-CKA-aa
<!-- Commented out: | map              = Filipinosphere.png -->| mapcaption       = Filipino-speaking regions in the Philippines.
| map2             = Tagalosphere.png
| mapsize          = 
| mapcaption2      = {{legend|#FF0000|Countries with more than 500,000 speakers}}
{{legend|#FA8077|Countries with between 100,000–500,000 speakers}}
{{legend|#FFC0CB|Countries where it is spoken by minor communities}}
| notice           = IPA
| glotto           = fili1244
| glottorefname    = Filipino
| speakers2        = [[second language|L2]]: {{sigfig|54.146000|2}} million (2020)<br/>Total: {{sigfig|83.357970|2}} million
| altname          = Standard Tagalog
| region           = All [[Regions of the Philippines|regions]] of the Philippines, especially in [[Metro Manila]], and in other [[Cities of the Philippines|urban centers]] in the archipelago
| ancestor         = [[Proto-Philippine]]
| ancestor2        = [[Old Tagalog]]
| ancestor3        = [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]]
}}

'''Filipino''' ({{IPAc-en|lang|pron|audio=En-us-Filipino.ogg|ˌ|f|ɪ|l|ə|ˈ|p|iː|n|oʊ}} {{respelling|FIL-ə-PEE-noh}};<ref name="Cambridge Dictionary English pronunciation">{{cite web|title= English pronunciation of Filipino|url=http://dictionary.cambridge.org/pronunciation/english/filipino}}</ref> {{lang|fil|Wikang Filipino}}, {{IPA|tl|ˈwikɐŋ filiˈpino̞|}}) is the [[national language]] of the [[Philippines]], the main [[lingua franca]], and one of the two [[official language]]s of the country, along with [[Philippine English|English]].<ref name="1987 constitution art 14 sec 6-7">{{Harvnb|Constitution of the Philippines|1987|loc=Article XIV, Sections 6 and 7|ref={{harvid|1987 constitution art 14 sec 6–7}}}}</ref> It is only a ''de facto'' and not a ''de jure'' [[standard language|standardized form]] of the [[Tagalog language]],<ref name="Filipino-Tagalog-Not-So-Simple">{{cite web |last=Nolasco |first=Ricardo Ma. |title=Filipino and Tagalog, Not So Simple |url=http://svillafania.philippinepen.ph/2007/08/articles-filipino-and-tagalog-not-so.html |website=Santiago Villafania |date=August 24, 2007 |access-date=January 16, 2019 |archive-date=May 22, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140522052247/http://svillafania.philippinepen.ph/2007/08/articles-filipino-and-tagalog-not-so.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> as spoken and written in [[Metro Manila]], the National Capital Region, and in other urban centers of the archipelago.<ref name="Resolution-92-1">{{cite web |last1=Pineda |first1=Ponciano B.P. |last2=Cubar |first2=Ernesto H. |last3=Buenaobra |first3=Nita P. |last4=Gonzalez |first4=Andrew B. |last5=Hornedo |first5=Florentino H. |last6=Sarile |first6=Angela P. |last7=Sibayan |first7=Bonifacio P. |title=Resolusyon Blg 92-1 |trans-title=Resolution No. 92-1 |url=http://wika.pbworks.com/w/page/8021710/Resolusyon%20Blg%2092-1 |website=Commission on the Filipino Language |quote=Ito ay ang katutubong wika, pasalita at pasulat, sa Metro Manila, ang Pambansang Punong Rehiyon, at sa iba pang sentrong urban sa arkipelago, na ginagamit bilang. |date=May 13, 1992 |access-date=May 22, 2014 |language=tl}}</ref> The [[Constitution of the Philippines|1987 Constitution]] mandates that Filipino be further enriched and developed by the other [[languages of the Philippines]].<ref>{{harvnb|Commission on the Filipino Language Act|1991|loc=Section 2}}</ref>

Filipino, like other Austronesian languages, commonly uses [[Verb–subject–object|verb-subject-object]] order, but can also use [[subject-verb-object]] order. Filipino follows the [[Symmetrical voice|trigger system]] of [[morphosyntactic alignment]] that is common among Philippine languages. It has [[Head-directionality parameter|head-initial]] directionality. It is an [[agglutinative language]] but can also display [[inflection]]. It is not a [[Tone (linguistics)|tonal language]] and can be considered a [[pitch-accent language]] and a [[Isochrony|syllable-timed language.]] It has nine basic [[Part of speech|parts of speech]].

==Background==
The Philippines is a multilingual state with 175 living languages originating and spoken by various ethno-linguistic groups. Many of these languages descend from a common [[Malayo-Polynesian language]] due to the Austronesian migration from Taiwan. The common Malayo-Polynesian language split into different languages, and usually through the Malay language, the lingua franca of maritime Southeast Asia, these were able to adopt terms that ultimately originate from other languages such as [[Japanese language|Japanese]], [[Hokkien]], [[Sanskrit]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], and [[Arabic]]. The [[malay language in the Philippines|Malay language]] was generally used by the ruling classes and the merchants from the states and various cultures in the Philippine archipelago for international communication as part of maritime Southeast Asia. In fact, Filipinos first interacted with the Spaniards using the Malay language. In addition to this, 16th-century chroniclers of the time noted that the kings and lords in the islands usually spoke around five languages.{{citation needed|date=March 2024}}

[[History of the Philippines#Spanish settlement and rule (1565–1898)|Spanish intrusion]] into the Philippine islands started in 1565 with the fall of [[Cebu]]. The eventual capital established by Spain for its settlement in the Philippines was [[Manila]], situated in a Tagalog-speaking region, after the capture of Manila from the Muslim Kingdom of Luzon ruled by [[Raja Matanda]] with the heir apparent [[Raja Sulayman]] and the Hindu-Buddhist [[Tondo (historical polity)|Kingdom of Tondo]] ruled by [[Lakandula|Lakan Dula]]. After its fall to the Spaniards, Manila was made the capital of the Spanish settlement in Asia due to the city's commercial wealth and influence, its strategic location, and Spanish fears of raids from the Portuguese and the Dutch.<ref>{{cite web |title=Spanish Colony 1565 - 1898 |url=https://sites.ualberta.ca/~vmitchel/fw2.html#:~:text=Legazpi%20selected%20Manila%20for%20the,Philippine%27s%20agricultural%20or%20mineral%20resources. |website=sites.ualberta.ca |access-date=March 22, 2021 |archive-date=December 27, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227130150/https://sites.ualberta.ca/~vmitchel/fw2.html#:~:text=Legazpi%20selected%20Manila%20for%20the,Philippine%27s%20agricultural%20or%20mineral%20resources. |url-status=dead }}</ref> 

The first dictionary of Tagalog, published as the {{Lang|fil|Vocabulario de la lengua tagala}}, was written by the [[Franciscan]] Pedro de San Buenaventura,<ref name="vocabularioAmbeth">{{cite news|url=http://opinion.inquirer.net/77034/vocabulario-de-la-lengua-tagala|title=Vocabulario de la lengua tagala|author=Ambeth Ocampo|newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]]|date=August 1, 2014}}</ref> and published in 1613 by the "Father of Filipino Printing" [[Tomas Pinpin|Tomás Pinpin]] in [[Pila, Laguna|Pila]], [[Laguna (province)|Laguna]]. A latter book of the same name was written by [[Kingdom of Bohemia|Czech]] [[Jesuit]] missionary [[Pablo Clain|Paul Klein]] (known locally as Pablo Clain) at the beginning of the 18th century. Klein spoke Tagalog and used it actively in several of his books. He wrote a dictionary, which he later passed to Francisco Jansens and José Hernández.<ref>Juan José de Noceda, Pedro de Sanlúcar, ''Vocabulario de la lengua tagala'', Manila 2013, pg iv, Komision sa Wikang Filipino</ref> Further compilation of his substantial work was prepared by Juan de Noceda and Pedro de Sanlúcar and published as ''{{Lang|fil|[[Vocabulario de la lengua tagala]]}}'' in Manila in 1754 and then repeatedly<ref>{{Google books |plainurl= |id=PTIOAAAAIAAJ |title=Vocabulario de la lengua tagala}}; Manila (1860).</ref> re-edited, with the latest edition being published in 2013 in Manila.<ref>Juan José de Noceda, Pedro de Sanlúcar, ''Vocabulario de la lengua tagala'', Manila 2013, Komision sa Wikang Filipino</ref>

[[Spanish language|Spanish]] served in an official capacity as language of the government during the Spanish period. Spanish played a significant role in unifying the Philippines, a country made up of over 7,000 islands with a multitude of ethnicities, languages, and cultures. Before Spanish rule, the archipelago was not a unified nation, but rather a collection of independent kingdoms, sultanates, and tribes, each with its own language and customs. During the [[History of the Philippines#American rule (1898–1946)|American colonial period]], [[English language|English]] became an additional official language of the Philippines alongside Spanish; however, the number of speakers of Spanish steadily decreased.<ref>{{cite web |title=Educadores y sabios adredemente olvidados |url=http://lgpolar.com/page/read/119 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122133028/http://lgpolar.com/page/read/119 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2009-01-22 |access-date=March 22, 2021 |website=www.webcitation.org}}</ref> The United States initiated policies that led to the gradual removal of Spanish from official use in the Philippines. This was not done through an outright ban, but rather through a strategic shift in language policy that promoted English as the primary language for education, governance, and law. Spanish was designated an optional and voluntary language under the 1987 Constitution, along with Arabic.

==Designation as the national language==
While Spanish and English were considered "official languages" during the American colonial period, there existed no "national language" initially. Article XIII, section 3 of the [[1935 Constitution of the Philippines|1935 constitution]] establishing the [[Commonwealth of the Philippines]] provided that:
{{blockquote|The National Assembly shall take steps toward the development and adoption of a common national language based on one of the existing native languages. Until otherwise provided by law, English and Spanish shall continue as official languages.}}

On November 13, 1936, the first [[National Assembly of the Philippines|National Assembly of the Philippine Commonwealth]] approved Commonwealth Act No. 184; creating the Institute of National Language (later the [[Surian ng Wikang Pambansa|Surián ng Wikang Pambansâ]] or SWP) and tasking it with making a study and survey of each existing native language, hoping to choose which was to be the base for a standardized national language.<ref>{{cite PH act
 |url          = https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1936/11/13/commonwealth-act-no-184/
 |title        = AN ACT TO ESTABLISH A NATIONAL LANGUAGE INSTITUTE AND DEFINE ITS POWERS AND DUTIES
 |chamber      = CA
 |number       = 184
 |publisher    = Official Gazette of the Philippine Government
 |date         = 13 November 1936
 |access-date  = May 22, 2020
 |archive-date = April 9, 2023
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20230409062012/https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1936/11/13/commonwealth-act-no-184/
 |url-status   = dead
}}</ref> Later, President [[Manuel L. Quezon]] later appointed representatives for each major regional language to form the NLI. Led by [[Jaime C. de Veyra|Jaime C. De Veyra]], who sat as the chair of the Institute and as the representative of [[Waray language|Samar-Leyte-Visayans]], the Institute's members were composed of Santiago A. Fonacier (representing the [[Ilocano language|Ilokano-speaking regions]]), [[Filemon Sotto]] (the [[Cebuano language|Cebu-Visayans]]), Casimiro Perfecto (the [[Bikol languages|Bikolanos]]), Felix S. Sales Rodriguez (the [[Hiligaynon language|Panay-Visayans]]), Hadji Butu (the languages of [[Moro people|Muslim Filipinos]]), and Cecilio Lopez (the [[Tagalog language|Tagalogs]]).<ref name=aspillera>{{cite book|title=Basic Tagalog|author=Aspillera, P.|publisher=M. and Licudine Ent.|location=Manila|date=1981}}</ref>

The Institute of National Language adopted a resolution on November 9, 1937 recommending Tagalog to be basis of the national language. On December 30, President Quezon issued Executive Order No.&nbsp;134, s. 1937, approving the adoption of Tagalog as the language of the Philippines, and proclaimed the national language of the Philippines so based on the Tagalog language. Quezon himself was born and raised in [[Baler, Aurora]], which is a native Tagalog-speaking area. The order stated that it would take effect two years from its promulgation.<ref>{{cite PH act
|url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1937/12/30/executive-order-no-134-s-1937
|title=Proclaming the national language of the Philippines based on the "Tagalog" language
|chamber=EO
|number=134
|publisher=Official Gazette of the Philippine Government
|date=December 30, 1937
|access-date=May 22, 2020
|archive-date=September 24, 2021
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924180022/https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1937/12/30/executive-order-no-134-s-1937/
|url-status=dead
}}</ref> On December 31 of the same year, Quezon proclaimed Tagalog as the basis of the ''[[National language|Wikang Pambansâ]]'' (National Language) giving the following factors:<ref name=aspillera />
#Tagalog is widely spoken and is the most understood language in all the [[Regions of the Philippines|Philippine Regions]].
#It is not divided into smaller daughter languages, as [[Visayan languages|Visayan]] or [[Bikol languages|Bikol]] are.
#Its literary tradition is the richest of all Philippine languages, the most developed and extensive (mirroring that of the [[Tuscan language]] ''vis-à-vis'' [[Italian language|Italian]]). From at least before 1935, more books were written in Tagalog than in any other Philippine language.
#Tagalog has always been the language of [[Manila]], the political centre of the Philippines in much of its history as a multiethnic country and a considerable [[Concentration of wealth|economic centre]] of the Philippine islands since time immemorial.
#The [[Katipunan]] generally used the Tagalog language for its operations, and the [[Philippine Revolution]] and the [[First Philippine Republic]] operationally used Spanish afterwards, but many of the leaders of the revolution spoke Tagalog, more so among ethnic groups from central to southern Luzon including some adjacent islands. Tagalog also became a choice for some non-Tagalog Filipino revolutionary leaders and nationalists in some of their publications, especially if they were to publish in Manila. The Katipunan extended the meaning of the term Tagalog to all people native to the Philippine islands, including Cebuanos, Ilocanos, Kapampangans, etc, and extended the term ''Katagalugan'' to the whole Philippine islands not just native Tagalog-speaking areas, building a [[Tagalog Republic]], the reason being a unified opposition against Spanish hegemony.

On June 7, 1940, the Philippine National Assembly passed Commonwealth Act No. 570 declaring that the Filipino national language would be considered an official language effective July 4, 1946<ref name="Presidential Proclamations">{{cite web|url=http://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/7/77471|title=- Presidential Proclamations|website=elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph}}</ref> (coinciding with the country's expected date of independence from the United States). That same year, the ''Balarílà ng Wikang Pambansâ'' ({{langx|en|Grammar of the National Language}}) of grammarian [[Lope K. Santos]] introduced the 20-letter [[Abakada alphabet]] which became the standard of the national language.<ref name="ebolusyon">{{cite web |title =Ebolusyon ng Alpabetong Filipino |url=http://wika.pbworks.com/Kasaysayan |access-date = June 22, 2010}}</ref> The alphabet was officially adopted by the Institute for the Tagalog-Based National Language.

== Further history ==
In 1959, the language became known as ''Pilipino'' in an effort to disassociate it from the [[Tagalog people|Tagalog ethnic group]].<ref name=Gonzalez98>{{cite journal
 |author=Andrew Gonzalez
 |year=1998
 |title=The Language Planning Situation in the Philippines
 |journal=Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development
 |volume=19
 |issue=5, 6
 |url=http://www.multilingual-matters.net/jmmd/019/0487/jmmd0190487.pdf
 |access-date=March 24, 2007
 |page=487
 |url-status=dead
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070616101625/http://www.multilingual-matters.net/jmmd/019/0487/jmmd0190487.pdf
 |archive-date=June 16, 2007
|doi=10.1080/01434639808666365
 }}</ref> The changing of the name did not, however, result in universal acceptance among non-[[Tagalog people|Tagalogs]], especially [[Cebuano people|Cebuano]]s who had previously not accepted the 1937 selection.<ref name="Gonzalez">{{citation | author = Andrew Gonzalez | year = 1998 | title = The Language Planning Situation in the Philippines | journal = Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development | volume = 19 | issue = 5, 6 | url = http://www.multilingual-matters.net/jmmd/019/0487/jmmd0190487.pdf | access-date = March 24, 2007 | pages = 487–488 | doi = 10.1080/01434639808666365 |postscript =.}}</ref>

The 1960s saw the rise of the purist movement where new words were being coined to replace loanwords. This era of "purism" by the SWP sparked criticisms by a number of persons. Two counter-movements emerged during this period of "purism": one campaigning against Tagalog and the other campaigning for more inclusiveness in the national language. In 1963, [[Negros Occidental]] congressman Innocencio V. Ferrer took a case reaching the Supreme Court questioning the constitutionality of the choice of Tagalog as the basis of the national language (a case ruled in favor of the national language in 1970). Accusing the national language as simply being Tagalog and lacking any substantial input from other Philippine languages, Congressman Geruncio Lacuesta eventually led a "Modernizing the Language Approach Movement" (MOLAM). Lacuesta hosted a number of "anti-purist" conferences and promoted a "Manila Lingua Franca" which would be more inclusive of loanwords of both foreign and local languages. Lacuesta managed to get nine congressmen to propose a bill aiming to abolish the SWP with an ''Akademia ng Wikang Filipino'', to replace the ''balarila'' with a ''Gramatica ng Wikang Filipino'', to replace the 20-letter Abakada with a 32-letter alphabet, and to prohibit the creation of neologisms and the respelling of loanwords. This movement quietened down following the death of Lacuesta.<ref>{{cite book |url=http://kwf.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/FAQ_2.4.15-1.pdf |title=Frequently Asked Questions on the National Language |publisher=Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino |access-date=March 28, 2018 |archive-date=August 27, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180827184315/http://kwf.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/FAQ_2.4.15-1.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Gonzalez"/><ref>{{Cite news |last=Tan |first=Michael L. |date=August 29, 2014 |title=Behind Filipino (2) |work=Inquirer.net |department=Pinoy Kasi |url=http://opinion.inquirer.net/77916/behind-filipino-2}}</ref>

The national language issue was revived once more during the [[1970 Philippine Constitutional Convention election|1971 Constitutional Convention]]. While there was a sizable number of delegates in favor of retaining the Tagalog-based national language, majority of the delegates who were non-Tagalogs were even in favor of scrapping the idea of a "national language" altogether.<ref>{{cite web|title=What the PH constitutions say about the national language|url=https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/65477-national-language-philippine-constitutions|website=Rappler|date=August 7, 2014 }}</ref> A compromise was reached and the wording on the 1973 constitution made no mention of dropping the national language Pilipino or made any mention of Tagalog. Instead, the [[Constitution of the Philippines#1973 constitution|1973 Constitution]], in both its original form and as amended in 1976, designated English and Pilipino as official languages and provided for development and formal adoption of a common national language, termed ''Filipino'', to replace Pilipino. Neither the original nor the amended version specified either Tagalog or Pilipino as the basis for Filipino; Instead, tasking the [[National Assembly of the Philippines|National Assembly]] to:<ref>{{Harvnb|Constitution of the Philippines|1973}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Amended Constitution of the Philippines|1976}}</ref>

{{blockquote
 | text = take steps toward the development and formal adoption of a common national language to be known as Filipino.
 | sign =
}}

In 1987, a [[1987 Constitution of the Philippines|new constitution]] designated Filipino as the national language and, along with English, as an official language.<ref>{{Harvnb|Constitution of the Philippines|1987}}</ref> That constitution included several provisions related to the Filipino language.<ref name="1987 constitution art 14 sec 6-7" />

Article XIV, Section 6, omits any mention of Tagalog as the basis for Filipino, and states that:<ref name="1987 constitution art 14 sec 6-7" />

{{blockquote
 | text = as Filipino evolves, it shall be further developed and enriched on the basis of existing Philippine and other languages.
 | sign =
}}

And also states in the article:
{{blockquote
 | text = Subject to provisions of law and as the Congress may deem appropriate, the Government shall take steps to initiate and sustain the use of Filipino as a medium of official communication and as language of instruction in the educational system.
 | sign =
}}

and:
{{blockquote
 | text = The regional languages are the auxiliary official languages in the regions and shall serve as auxiliary media of instruction therein.
 | sign =
}}

Section 17(d) of Executive Order 117 of January 30, 1987 renamed the ''Institute of National Language'' as ''Institute of Philippine Languages''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/5/8126|title=- Executive Orders|website=elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph}}</ref>  Republic Act No. 7104, approved on August 14, 1991, created the {{lang|fil|Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino}} (Commission on the Filipino Language, or KWF), superseding the Institute of Philippine Languages. The KWF reports directly to the President and was tasked to undertake, coordinate and promote researches for the development, propagation and preservation of Filipino and other Philippine languages.<ref>{{cite PH act
| url     = http://www.chanrobles.com/republicactno7104.htm#.VFm4vzxxnDc
| title   = Commission on the Filipino Language Act
| chamber = RA
| number  = 7104
| date    = August 14, 1991
| access-date= November 5, 2014}}</ref> On May 13, 1992, the commission issued Resolution 92-1, specifying that Filipino is the

{{blockquote
 | text = indigenous written and spoken language of [[Metro Manila]] and [[List of cities in the Philippines|other urban centers]] in the Philippines used as the [[lingua franca|language of communication]] of [[Ethnic groups in the Philippines|ethnic group]]s.<ref name="Res921">{{cite web
| url = http://wika.pbworks.com/Resolusyon%20Blg%2092-1
| title = Resolusyon Blg. 92-1
| access-date = 2007-03-24
| date = 13 May 1992
| publisher = Commission on the Filipino Language
| language = fil
}}</ref>
 | sign =
}}

However, as with the 1973 and 1987 Constitutions, 92-1 went neither so far as to categorically identify, nor so far as to dis-identify this language as Tagalog. Definite, absolute, and unambiguous interpretation of 92–1 is the prerogative of the [[Supreme Court of the Philippines|Supreme Court]] in the absence of directives from the KWF, otherwise the sole legal arbiter of the Filipino language.{{original research inline|date=February 2017}}

Filipino was presented and registered with the [[International Organization for Standardization]] (ISO), by Ateneo de Manila University student Martin Gomez, and was added to the ISO registry of languages on September 21, 2004, with it receiving the ISO [[List of ISO 639-2 codes|639-2 code]] ''fil''.<ref name="ISO 639-2">{{cite web |title=Documentation for ISO 639 identifier: fil |url=http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=fil |publisher=[[Summer Institute of Linguistics]] |access-date=July 24, 2007}}</ref>

On August 22, 2007, it was reported that three [[Malolos City]] regional trial courts in [[Bulacan]] decided to use Filipino, instead of [[Philippine English|English]], in order to promote the national language. Twelve [[stenographers]] from Branches 6, 80 and 81, as model courts, had undergone training at Marcelo H. del Pilar College of Law of [[Bulacan State University]] following a directive from the [[Supreme Court of the Philippines]]. De la Rama said it was the dream of Chief Justice [[Reynato Puno]] to implement the program in other areas such as [[Laguna (province)|Laguna]], [[Cavite]], [[Quezon]], [[aurora (province)|Aurora]], [[Nueva Ecija]], [[Batangas]], [[Rizal (province)|Rizal]], and [[Metro Manila]], all of which mentioned are natively Tagalog-speaking.<ref>{{cite web |title=3 Bulacan courts to use Filipino in judicial proceedings |url=http://globalnation.inquirer.net/news/news/view/20070822-84080/3-Bulacan-courts-to-use-Filipino-in-judicial-proceedings |url-status=dead |publisher=Globalnation.inquirer.net |date=August 22, 2007 |access-date=April 22, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130604230158/http://globalnation.inquirer.net/news/news/view/20070822-84080/3-Bulacan-courts-to-use-Filipino-in-judicial-proceedings |archive-date=June 4, 2013}}</ref>

==Commemoration==
Since 1997, a month-long celebration of the national language occurs during August, known in Filipino as ''[[Buwan ng Wika]]'' (Language Month). Previously, this lasted only a week and was known as ''Linggo ng Wika'' (Language Week). The celebration coincides with the month of birth of President Manuel L. Quezon, regarded as the "Ama ng Wikang Pambansa" (Father of the national language).

In 1946, Proclamation No. 35 of March 26 provided for a week-long celebration of the national language.<ref name="Presidential Proclamations"/> this celebration would last from March 27 until April 2 each year, the last day coinciding with birthday of the Filipino writer [[Francisco Baltazar]], author of the Tagalog epic ''[[Florante at Laura]]''.

In 1954, Proclamation No. 12 of March 26 provided that the week of celebration would be from March 29 to April 4 every year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lawphil.net/executive/proc/proc1954/proc_12_1954.html|title=Proklama Blg. 12, March 26, 1954, lawphil.net}}</ref> This proclamation was amended the following year by President [[Ramon Magsaysay]] by Proclamation No. 186 of September 23, moving the dates of celebration to August 13–19, every year.<ref name="temp1">{{cite web|url=https://www.lawphil.net/executive/proc/proc1955/proc_186_1955.html|title=Proclamation No. 186 of September 23, 1955, lawphil.net|access-date=April 2, 2018|archive-date=June 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618120800/https://www.lawphil.net/executive/proc/proc1955/proc_186_1955.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Now coinciding with the birthday of President Manuel L. Quezon. The reason for the move being given that the original celebration was a period "outside of the school year, thereby precluding the participation of schools in its celebration".<ref name="temp1"/>

In 1988, President [[Corazon Aquino]] signed Proclamation No. 19, reaffirming the celebration every August 13 to 19. In 1997, the celebration was extended from a week to a month by  Proclamation 1041 of July 15 signed by President [[Fidel V. Ramos]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1997/07/15/proklamasyon-blg-1041-s-1997-2/|title=Proklamasyon Blg. 1041, s. 1997 – GOVPH}}</ref>

==Comparison of Filipino and Tagalog ==
Jaime Lopez, former representative for [[Manila's 2nd congressional district]], argued that the current state of the Filipino language is contrary to the intention of Republic Act (RA) No. 7104 that requires that the national language be developed and enriched by the lexicon of the country's other languages.<ref>{{Cite report |title= Congressional Record : Plenary Proceedings of the 14th Congress, First Regular Session : House of Representatives |url= https://docs.congress.hrep.online/legisdocs/congrec/14th/1st/1RS-11.pdf |format= PDF |volume= 1 |issue= 11 |date= August 14, 2007 |pages= 455-460 |chapter= Rep. López opens the discussion}}</ref>

[[Keith Brown (linguist)|Keith Brown]] and [[Sarah Ogilvie (linguist)|Sarah Ogilvie]] similarly argued that, while the official view, shared by the government, the {{Lang|fil|[[Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino]]|italic=no}}, and a number of educators, is that Filipino and [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]] are considered separate languages, in practical terms, ''Filipino'' may be considered the official name of Tagalog, or even a synonym of it.<ref name=ELL>{{cite book|title=Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=F2SRqDzB50wC }} |year=2010|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-08-087775-4|pages=[{{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=F2SRqDzB50wC |page=1035 }} 1035–1038] |last1= Brown |first1= Keith |author1-link=Keith Brown (linguist) |last2= Ogilvie |first2= Sarah |author2-link= Sarah Ogilvie (linguist) }}</ref> Today's Filipino language is best described as "Tagalog-based".<ref name="morrow">{{cite web|url=http://www.pilipino-express.com/history-a-culture/in-other-words/911-the-filipino-language-that-might-have-been.html|title=The Filipino language that might have been|author=Paul Morrow|date= July 16, 2010|publisher=Pilipino Express|access-date=July 18, 2012}}</ref> The language is usually called ''Tagalog'' within the Philippines and among Filipinos to differentiate it from other Philippine languages, but it has also come to be known as ''Filipino'' to differentiate it from the languages of other countries; the former implies a regional origin, the latter national. This is similar to the comparison between [[Castilian Spanish|Castilian]] and [[Spanish language|Spanish]], or [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]] and [[Standard Chinese|Chinese]].

Political designations aside, Tagalog and Filipino are linguistically the same, sharing, among other things, the same grammatical structure. On May 23, 2007, Ricardo Maria Nolasco, KWF chair and a linguistics expert, acknowledged in a keynote speech during the NAKEM Conference at the [[Mariano Marcos State University]] in Batac, Ilocos Norte, that Filipino was simply Tagalog in syntax and grammar, with as yet no grammatical element or lexicon coming from [[Ilokano language|Ilokano]], [[Cebuano language|Cebuano]], [[Hiligaynon language|Hiligaynon]], or any of the other [[Philippine languages]]. He said further that this is contrary to the intention of Republic Act No. 7104, which requires that the [[national language]] be developed and enriched by the lexicon of the country's other languages, something toward which the commission was working.<ref name=Nolasco07>{{cite web |title=New center to document Philippine dialects |url=http://www.asianjournal.com/?c=53&a=20983 |publisher=Asian Journal |date=June 18, 2007 |access-date=June 30, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080703172807/http://www.asianjournal.com/?c=53&a=20983 |archive-date=July 3, 2008 |via=www.inquirer.net}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Wika / Maraming Wika, Matatag na Bansa – Chairman Nolasco |url=http://wika.pbworks.com/w/page/8021683/Maraming%20Wika%2C%20Matatag%20na%20Bansa%20-%20Chairman%20Nolasco |website=wika.pbworks.com |access-date=February 15, 2018}}</ref> On August 24, 2007, Nolasco elaborated further on the relationship between Tagalog and Filipino in a separate article, as follows:

{{blockquote|Are "Tagalog," "Pilipino" and "Filipino" different languages? No, they are mutually intelligible varieties, and therefore belong to one language. According to the KWF, Filipino is that speech variety spoken in Metro Manila and other urban centers where different ethnic groups meet. It is the most prestigious variety of Tagalog and the language used by the national mass media.

The other yardstick for distinguishing a [[language]] from a [[dialect]] is: different grammar, different language. "Filipino", "Pilipino" and "Tagalog" share identical grammar. They have the same determiners (ang, ng and sa); the same personal pronouns (siya, ako, niya, kanila, etc.); the same demonstrative pronouns (ito, iyan, doon, etc.); the same linkers (na, at and ay); the same particles (na and pa); and the same verbal affixes -in, -an, i- and -um-. In short, same grammar, same language.<ref name="Filipino-Tagalog-Not-So-Simple" />}}

In connection with the use of Filipino, or specifically the promotion of the national language, the related term ''Tagalista'' is frequently used. While the word ''Tagalista'' literally means "one who specializes in Tagalog language or culture" or a "Tagalog specialist", in the context of the debates on the national language and "[[Imperial Manila]]", the word ''Tagalista'' is used as a reference to "people who promote or would promote the primacy of Tagalog at the expense of [the] other [Philippine] indigenous tongues".<ref name=Tagalista>{{cite book |last=Martinez |first=David |title=A Country of Our Own: Partitioning the Philippines |publisher=Bisaya Books |location=Los Angeles |year=2004 |page=202 |isbn=9780976061304}}</ref>

==Example==

[[File:WIKITONGUES- James speaking Filipino, English, and Spanish.webm|thumb|A Filipino speaker, recorded in the [[Philippines]]]]
This is a translation of Article 1 of the [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]].<ref>{{cite web|date=2015-10-06|title=Universal Declaration of Human Rights|url=https://www.un.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights/index.html|access-date=2021-02-13|website=www.un.org}}</ref> Usually, the diacritics are not written, and the syntax and grammar are based on that of [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]].
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!English
!Filipino
|-
|'''Universal Declaration of Human Rights'''
|'''Pangkalahatáng Pagpapahayág ng Karapatáng Pantáo'''
|-
|''Now, therefore,''
'''''the General Assembly proclaims'''''

''this '''UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS''' as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of society, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction.''
|''Ngayón, samakatuwíd,''
'''''ang Pangkalahatáng Kapulungán ay nagpapahayág ng'''''

'''''PANGKALAHATÁNG PAGPAPAHAYÁG''' NA ITÓ '''NG MGÁ KARAPATÁN NG TÁO''' bílang pangkalahatáng pamantáyang maisasagawâ pára sa lahát ng táo at bansâ, sa layúning ang báwat táo at báwat galamáy ng lipúnan, na láging nása ísip ang Pahayág na itó, ay magsíkap sa pamamagítan ng pagtutúrò at edukasyón na maitagúyod ang paggálang sa mgá karapatán at kalayáang itó at sa pamamagítan ng mgá hakbáng na pagsúlong na pambansâ at pandaigdíg, ay makamtán ang pangkalahatán at mabísang pagkilála at pagtalíma sa mgá itó, magíng ng mgá mamamayán ng mgá Kasáping Estádo at ng mgá mamamayán ng mgá teritóryo na nása ilálim ng kaniláng nasasakúpan.''
|-
|'''Article 1'''
|'''Únang Artíkulo'''
|-
|''All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.'' 
|''Báwat táo'y isinílang na may láyà at magkakapantáy ang tagláy na dangál at karapatán. Silá'y pinagkaloóban ng pangangatwíran at budhî na kailángang gamítin nilá sa pagtuturíngan nilá sa díwà ng pagkakapatíran.''
|}

==See also==
{{Portal|Philippines|Language}}

* [[Philippine literature]]
* [[Philippine Braille]]
* [[Filipino Sign Language]]
* [[Filipino orthography]]
** [[Filipino alphabet]]
** [[Abakada alphabet]]
** [[Suyat]]
* [[Tagalog grammar]]
* [[Tagalog language]]
* [[Tagalog phonology]]
* [[Tagalog Wikipedia]]
* [[Taglish]]
* [[List of loanwords in Tagalog]]
* [[Commission on the Filipino Language]]
* [[UP Diksiyonaryong Filipino]]

== References ==
=== Citations ===
{{reflist|30em}}

=== Sources ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{citation
|date = August 14, 1991
|title = Commission on the Filipino Language Act
|url = http://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1991/ra_7104_1991.html
|ref = {{harvid|Commission on the Filipino Language Act|1991}}
}}
* {{citation
|url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/1973-constitution-of-the-republic-of-the-philippines-2/
|title=1973 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines
|work=Official Gazette
|publisher=Government of the Philippines
|ref={{harvid|Constitution of the Philippines|1973}}
|access-date=May 22, 2020
|archive-date=June 25, 2017
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170625191553/https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/1973-constitution-of-the-republic-of-the-philippines-2/
|url-status=dead
}}
* {{citation
|url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/the-amended-1973-constitution-2/
|title=The Amended 1973 Constitution
|work=Official Gazette
|publisher=Government of the Philippines
|ref={{harvid|Amended Constitution of the Philippines|1976}}
|access-date=May 22, 2020
|archive-date=March 8, 2021
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308154627/https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/the-amended-1973-constitution-2/
|url-status=dead
}}
* {{citation
|date = February 2, 1987
|title = Constitution of the Philippines
|url = https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/the-1987-constitution-of-the-republic-of-the-philippines/
|ref = {{harvid|Constitution of the Philippines|1987}}
}}
* {{citation
| url = http://www.chanrobles.com/article14language.htm
| title = The Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines
| date = February 2, 1987
| access-date = February 12, 2017
| publisher = Chanrobles Law Library
| ref = {{harvid|1987 constitution art 14 sec 6–7}}
}}
* {{citation
|author-last = Tabbada
|author-first = Emil V.
|editor-last = Gripaldo
|editor-first = Rolando M.
|editor2-last = McLean
|editor2-first = George F.
|year = 2005
|work = Cultural Heritage and Contemporary Change
|series = IIID, Southeast Asia
|volume = 4
|title = Filipino Cultural Traits: Claro R. Ceniza Lectures
|publisher = The Council for Research in Values and Philosophy
|location = Washington, D.C.
|isbn = 1-56518-225-1
}}
* {{citation
|author-last = Kaplan
|author-first = Robert B.
|author2-last = Baldauf
|author2-first = Richard B. Jr.
|year = 2003
|title = Language and Language-in-Education Planning in the Pacific Basin
|publisher = Kluwer Academic Publishers
|place = Dordrecht, Netherlands
|isbn = 1-4020-1062-1
|ref = {{harvid|Kaplan|2003}}
}}
* {{citation
 |author-last  = Manipon
 |author-first = Rene Sanchez
 |date         = January–February 2013
 |work         = Balanghay: The Philippine Factsheet
 |title        = The Filipíno Language
 |url          = http://www.ncca.gov.ph/downloads/balanghay.pdf
 |url-status   = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20131012073429/http://www.ncca.gov.ph/downloads/balanghay.pdf
 |archive-date = October 12, 2013
}}
* {{citation
|author-last = Patke
|author-first = Rajeev S.
|author2-last = Holden
|author2-first = Philip
|year = 2010
|title = The Routledge Concise History of Southeast Asian Writing in English
|publisher = Routledge
|place = Abingdon, Oxon, United Kingdom
|isbn = 978-0-203-87403-5
|ref = {{harvid| Patke|2010}}
}}
* {{citation
|author-last = Paz
|author-first = Leo
|author2-last = Juliano
|author2-first = Linda
|editor-last = Hudson
|editor-first = Thom
|editor2-last = Clark
|editor2-first = Martyn
|year = 2008
|work = Case Studies in Foreign Language Placement: Practices and Possibilities
|title = Filipino (Tagalog) Language Placement Testing in Selected Programs in the United States
|pages = 7–16
|place = Honolulu, Hawaii
|publisher = University of Hawaii, National Language Resource Center
|isbn = 978-0-9800459-0-1
|ref = {{harvid|Paz|2008}}
}}
* {{citation
|author-last = Rubrico
|author-first = Jessie Grace U.
|year = 2012
|title = Indigenization of Filipino: The Case of the Davao City Variety
|publisher = University of Malaya
|place = Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
|url = https://www.academia.edu/2283970
}}
{{refend}}

==Additional sources==
<!-- NOTE: Because it is often hard to physically obtain these books, one must be careful in taking information from the Internet. One way to do so to note, beside each book, whether the details, particularly the ISBN, have been taken from a second-hand source, such as the Internet, or a first-hand source, such as having a physic copy of the book. For books that are generally available in online shops, that is less important, since there is a sure way to confirm something. -->
*''New Vicassan's English–Pilipino Dictionary'' by Vito C. Santos, {{ISBN|971-27-0349-5}}
*''Learn Filipino: Book One'' by Victor Eclar Romero {{ISBN|1-932956-41-7}}
*''Lonely Planet Filipino/Tagalog (Travel Talk)'' {{ISBN|1-59125-364-0}}
*''Lonely Planet Pilipino Phrasebook'' {{ISBN|0-86442-432-9}}
*''[[UP Diksyonaryong Filipino]]'' by [[Virgilio S. Almario]] (ed.) {{ISBN|971-8781-98-6}}, and {{ISBN|971-8781-99-4}}
*''English–Pilipino Dictionary'', Consuelo T. Panganiban, {{ISBN|971-08-5569-7}} <!-- 1st-hand, see NOTE above -->
*''Diksyunaryong Filipino–English'', Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, {{ISBN|971-8705-20-1}}
*''New English–Filipino Filipino–English Dictionary'', by [[Maria Odulio de Guzman]] {{ISBN|971-08-1776-0}}
*''[{{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=xyYkxBmiA7AC |page=479 }} "When I was a child I spoke as a child": Reflecting on the Limits of a Nationalist Language Policy]'' by Danilo Manarpaac. In:  ''[{{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=xyYkxBmiA7AC }} The politics of English as a world language: new horizons in postcolonial cultural studies]'' by Christian Mair. Rodopi; 2003 {{ISBN|978-90-420-0876-2}}. p.&nbsp;479–492.

==Further reading==
{{InterWiki|code=tl}}
{{Wikivoyage|Filipino phrasebook|Filipino|a phrasebook}}
*[http://www.kwf.gov.ph Commission on the Filipino Language] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412182142/http://www.kwf.gov.ph/ |date=April 12, 2020 }}
*[http://www.sil.org/asia/ldc/plenary_papers/andrew_gonzales.pdf Language planning in multilingual countries: The case of the Philippines], discussion by linguist and educator Andrew Gonzalez
*{{cite news|website=ABC News|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-08-10/inside-the-push-to-bring-back-spanish-into-the-philippines/11356590|title=The Philippines is fronting up to its Spanish heritage, and for some it's paying off|first=Alan|last=Weedon|date=August 10, 2019}} "...a third of the Filipino language is derived from Spanish words, constituting some 4,000 'loan words'".
*{{cite journal|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277951403|title=The Politics of "P" and "F": A Linguistic History of Nation-Building in the Philippines|last=Tupas|first=Ruanni|journal=Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development|volume=36|issue=6|pages=587–597|year=2015|doi=10.1080/01434632.2014.979831|s2cid=143332545}}
* {{cite web|url=https://www.academia.edu/2284011|title=Indigenization of Filipino: The Case of the Davao City Variety|first=Jessie Grace U. |last=Rubrico|year=2012|publisher=Language Links Foundation, Incorporated|via=academia.edu}}
* {{cite journal|url=https://www.academia.edu/2154046|title=Drafting the 1987 Constitution : The Politics of Language|last=Atienza|first=Ela L.|journal=Philippine Political Science Journal|year=1994|volume=18|issue=37–38|pages=79–101|doi=10.1080/01154451.1994.9754188}} Published online: April 18, 2012
{{Philippine languages}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Filipino language}}
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