Editing Formicariidae

{{Short description|Family of birds}}
{{Redirect|Antthrush|the birds of the family Turdidae|Neocossyphus}}
{{Automatic taxobox
 | name = Ground antbirds
 | image = Chamaeza nobilis.jpg
 | image_caption = [[Striated antthrush]]
 | taxon = Formicariidae
 | authority = [[George Robert Gray|Gray]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.zoonomen.net/avtax/frame.html|title = Zoonomen Avtax Frames Layout Page}}</ref> 1840
 | subdivision_ranks = Genera
 | subdivision = 
* ''[[Formicarius (bird)|Formicarius]]''
* ''[[Chamaeza]]''
}}

'''Formicariidae''' is a [[Family (biology)|family]] of smallish [[suboscine]] [[passerine]] birds of subtropical and tropical [[Central America|Central]] and [[South America]] known as antthrushes. They are between {{convert|10|and|20|cm|in|round=0.5|abbr=on}} in length, and are most closely related to the [[ovenbirds]] in the family Furnariidae, and the [[tapaculos]] in the family Rhinocryptidae. The family Formicariidae contains 12 [[species]] in two [[genus|genera]].

These are forest birds that tend to feed on insects at or near the ground. Most are drab in appearance with shades of (rusty) brown, black, and white being their dominant tones. Compared to other birds that specialize in following ants, this family is the most tied to the ground. The long, powerful legs (which lend the birds a distinctive upright posture) and an essentially [[vestigial]] tail aid this lifestyle.

They lay two or three eggs in a nest in a tree, both sexes incubating.

==Systematics==
The antthrushes are similar in appearance to small [[Rallidae|rails]]. Their sexes are alike in plumage, and they walk like [[starling]]s. The ''thrush'' part of the name refers only to the similarity in size (and in ''Chamaeza'' also coloration) to true [[Thrush (bird)|thrushes]], not to an [[evolution]]ary relationship.

Molecular phylogenetic studies indicated that the Formicariidae as previously delimited were highly [[paraphyletic]], judging from comparison of several [[mtDNA|mt]] and [[nDNA]] [[DNA sequence|sequences]].<ref name=Irestedt>{{Cite journal | last1=Irestedt | first1=M. | last2=Fjeldså | first2=J. | last3=Johansson | first3=U.S. | last4=Ericson | first4=P.G.P. | date=2002 | title=Systematic relationships and biogeography of the tracheophone suboscines (Aves: Passeriformes) | journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume=23 | issue=3 | pages=499–512 | doi=10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00034-9| pmid=12099801 | bibcode=2002MolPE..23..499I }}</ref><ref name=Rice2005a>{{Cite journal | last=Rice | first=Nathan H. | date=2005 | title=Phylogenetic relationships of antpitta genera (Passeriformes: Formicariidae) | journal=The Auk | volume=122 | issue=2 | pages=673–683 | doi=10.1093/auk/122.2.673 | doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name=Rice2005b>{{Cite journal | last=Rice | first=Nathan H. | date=2005 | title=Further evidence for paraphyly of the Formicariidae (Passeriformes) | journal=The Condor | volume=107 | issue=4 | pages=910–915 | doi=10.1093/condor/107.4.910 | doi-access=free}}</ref> The aberrant bar-bellied "antpittas" of the genus ''[[Pittasoma]],'' which were formerly placed here, belong to the [[gnateater]] family (which initially was also considered part of the Formicariidae); as the gnateaters proper, they are [[sexual dichromatism|sexually dichromatic]]. In addition, the true antpittas formerly placed in this family are now found in their own family, the [[Grallariidae]]. On the other hand, at least a large proportion of the [[Rhinocryptidae]] ('''tapaculos'''), including the [[type genus]] ''[[Rhinocrypta]]'', seem to be closer to the antthrushes, but are still considered a distinct family.

The following cladogram shows the phylogeny of the antthrush family. It is based on a large [[molecular phylogenetic]] study of the [[suboscines]] by Michael Harvey and collaborators that was published in 2020.<ref name=harvey>{{Cite journal | last1=Harvey | first1=M.G. | display-authors=etal | date=2020 | title=The evolution of a tropical biodiversity hotspot | journal=Science | volume=370 | issue=6522 | pages=1343–1348 | doi=10.1126/science.aaz6970 | pmid=33303617 | bibcode=2020Sci...370.1343H | hdl=10138/329703 | hdl-access=free }} A high resolution version of the phylogenetic tree in Figure 1 is available from the first author's website [http://www.harveybirdlab.org/docs/Harveyetal2020_Fig1_tree_HiRes.pdf here].</ref> The species are those recognised by the [[International Ornithologists' Union]] (IOC).<ref name=ioc>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen | date=January 2023 | title=Antthrushes, antpittas, gnateaters, tapaculos, crescentchests | work=IOC World Bird List Version 13.1 | url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/antthrushes/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=5 March 2023 }}</ref>
{{Clade |style=font-size:90%;line-height:90%
|label1='''Formicariidae''' 
|1={{clade
   |label1=''[[Formicarius (bird)|Formicarius]]''
   |1={{Clade
      |1=[[Rufous-fronted antthrush]] (''Formicarius rufifrons'')
      |2={{clade
         |1=[[Rufous-capped antthrush]] (''Formicarius colma'')
         |2={{clade
            |1=[[Rufous-breasted antthrush]] (''Formicarius rufipectus'')
            |2={{clade
               |1=[[Mayan antthrush]] (''Formicarius moniliger'')
               |2={{clade
                  |1=[[Black-headed antthrush]] (''Formicarius nigricapillus'')
                  |2=[[Black-faced antthrush]] (''Formicarius analis'')
                  }}
               }}
            }}
         }}
      }}
   |label2=''[[Chamaeza]]''
   |2={{clade
      |1={{clade
         |1=[[Rufous-tailed antthrush]] (''Chamaeza ruficauda'')
         |2={{clade
            |1=[[Cryptic antthrush]] (''Chamaeza meruloides'')
            |2={{clade
               |1=[[Barred antthrush]] (''Chamaeza mollissima'')
               |2=[[Schwartz's antthrush]] (''Chamaeza turdina'')
               }}
            }}
         }}
      |2={{clade
         |1=[[Short-tailed antthrush]] (''Chamaeza campanisona'') (Paraguay race - type)
         |2={{clade
            |1=[[Striated antthrush]] (''Chamaeza nobilis'')
            |2=[[Short-tailed antthrush]] (''Chamaeza campanisona'') (Guyana, Venezuela, Colombia)
            }}
         }}
      }}
   }}
}}
The short-tailed antthrush was found to be [[paraphyletic]].<ref name=harvey/> Eleven [[subspecies]] are recognised in several disjunct areas and ornithologists had suspected that more than a single species was involved.<ref name=ioc/><ref>{{ cite book | last1=Ridgely | first1=Robert S. | last2=Tudor | first2=Guy | year=2009 | title=Birds of South America: Passerines | series=Helm Field Guides | location=London | publisher=Christopher Helm | isbn=978-1-408-11342-4 | page=374 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Image !! Genus  !! Living species
|-
|[[File:Formicarius colma -Vale do Ribeira, Registro, Sao Paulo, Brazil-8 (1).jpg|175px]] ||''[[Formicarius (bird)|Formicarius]]'' {{small|Boddaert, 1783}} || 
* [[Rufous-capped antthrush]], ''Formicarius colma''
* [[Black-headed antthrush]], ''Formicarius nigricapillus''
* [[Black-faced antthrush]], ''Formicarius analis''
* [[Mayan antthrush]], ''Formicarius moniliger''
* [[Rufous-fronted antthrush]], ''Formicarius rufifrons''
* [[Rufous-breasted antthrush]], ''Formicarius rufipectus''
|-
|[[File:Chamaeza meruloides - Such's Anttrush; Iporanga, São Paulo, Brazil.jpg|175px]] ||''[[Chamaeza]]'' {{small|Vigors, 1825}} || 
* [[Short-tailed antthrush]], ''Chamaeza campanisona''
* [[Cryptic antthrush]], ''Chamaeza meruloides''
* [[Barred antthrush]], ''Chamaeza mollissima''
* [[Striated antthrush]], ''Chamaeza nobilis''
* [[Rufous-tailed antthrush]], ''Chamaeza ruficauda''
* [[Schwartz's antthrush]], ''Chamaeza turdina''
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline|Formicariidae}}
*[http://ibc.lynxeds.com/family/ground-antbirds-formicariidae Formicariidae videos, photos and sounds] on the Internet Bird Collection

{{Taxonbar|from=Q461021}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Formicariidae| ]]
[[Category:Bird families]]
[[Category:Tyranni]]
[[Category:Taxa named by George Robert Gray]]