Editing Formicinae

{{short description|Subfamily of ants}}
{{distinguish|text=the extinct Formicidae subfamily [[Formiciinae]]}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Camponotus fellah MHNT.jpg
| image_caption = ''[[Camponotus fellah]]''
|fossil_range={{fossil_range|Turonian|Recent|ref=<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Grimaldi|first1=D.|last2=Agosti|first2=D.|title=A formicine in New Jersey Cretaceous amber (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and early evolution of the ants|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=2000|volume=97|issue=25|pages=13678–13683|bibcode=2000PNAS...9713678G|doi=10.1073/pnas.240452097|pmid=11078527|pmc=17635|doi-access=free}}</ref>}}
| taxon = Formicinae
| authority = [[Amédée Louis Michel le Peletier, comte de Saint-Fargeau|Lepeletier]], 1836
| subdivision_ranks = 
| subdivision = 
| type_genus = ''[[Formica]]''
| type_genus_authority = Linnaeus, 1758
| diversity = 51 extant genera in 12 tribes
| diversity_link = #Tribes and genera
}}
[[File:Carpenter ant Tanzania crop.jpg|thumb|Carpenter ant (''[[Camponotus]]'' sp.)]]
The '''Formicinae''' are a [[subfamily]] within the [[Ant|Formicidae]] containing [[ant]]s of moderate evolutionary development.

Formicines retain some primitive features, such as the presence of [[Pupa#Cocoon|cocoons]] around [[pupa]]e, the presence of [[ocellus|ocelli]] in workers, and little tendency toward reduction of [[palp]] or [[antenna (biology)|antenna]]l segmentation in most species, except [[wiktionary:subterranean|subterranean]] groups. Extreme modification of [[Mandible (insect mouthpart)|mandible]]s is rare, except in the genera ''[[Myrmoteras]]'' and ''[[Polyergus]]''. However, some members show considerable evolutionary advancement in behaviors such as [[Slave-making ant|slave-making]] and symbiosis with root-feeding [[hemiptera]]ns. Finally, all formicines have very reduced [[sting (biology)|sting]]s and enlarged [[venom (poison)|venom]] reservoirs, with the venom gland, specialized (uniquely among ants) for the production of [[formic acid]].{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}

All members of the Formicinae "have a one-segmented [[Petiole (insect anatomy)|petiole]] in the form of a vertical scale".<ref>{{cite book|author=Klotz, John H.|chapter=Formicinae|title=Urban ants of North America and Europe: identification, biology, and management|publisher=Cornell University Press|year=2008|isbn=978-0-8014-7473-6|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q7T4gg6j7xUC&pg=PA11}}</ref>

==Identification==
Formicine ants have a single node-like or scale-like [[Petiole (insect anatomy)|petiole]] (postpetiole entirely lacking) and the apex of the abdomen has a circular or U-shaped opening (the [[acidopore]]), usually fringed with hairs. A functional sting is absent, and defense is provided by the ejection of formic acid through the acidopore. If the acidopore is concealed by the pygidium and difficult to discern, then the antennal sockets are located well behind the posterior margin of the [[Clypeus (arthropod anatomy)|clypeus]] (cf. [[Dolichoderinae]]). In most formicines, the eyes are well developed (ocelli may also be present), the antennal insertions are not concealed by the frontal carinae, and the promesonotal suture is present and flexible.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.antweb.org//description.do?name=formicinae&rank=subfamily&project=allantwebants |title=Subfamily: Formicinae |website=antweb.org |publisher=[[AntWeb]] |access-date=21 September 2013}}</ref>

==Tribes and genera==
The [[tribe (biology)|tribal]] structure of the Formicinae is not completely understood. This list follows the scheme at AntCat,<ref name="AntCat">{{Citation| last = Bolton| first = B. | author-link = Barry Bolton| date = 2013| title = An online catalog of the ants of the world.| url = http://antcat.org| access-date = 17 October 2023| work = AntCat}}</ref> but other schemes and names are used.
{{Div col|colwidth=22em}}
* [[Camponotini]] <small>Forel, 1878</small>
** ''[[Calomyrmex]]'' <small>Emery, 1895</small>
** ''[[Camponotus]]'' <small>Mayr, 1861</small>&nbsp;– carpenter ants (global)
** †''[[Chimaeromyrma]]'' <small>Dlussky, 1988</small>
** ''[[Colobopsis]]'' <small>Mayr, 1861</small><ref name=xcit1>{{Cite journal
| last1 = Ward | first1 = Philip S.
| last2 = Blaimer | first2 = Bonnie B.
| last3 = Fisher | first3 = Brian L.
| date = 2016
| title = A revised phylogenetic classification of the ant subfamily Formicinae(Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with resurrection of the genera Colobopsis and Dinomyrmex
| journal = Zootaxa
| publisher = Magnolia Press
| volume = 4072
| issue = 3
| doi = 10.11646/zootaxa.4072.3.4
| doi-access = free
 | pmid = 27395929
 | pages = 343–57
}}</ref>
** ''[[Dinomyrmex]]'' <small>Ashmead, 1905</small>
** ''[[Echinopla]]'' <small>Smith, 1857</small>
** ''[[Opisthopsis]]'' <small>Dalla Torre, 1893</small>
** ''[[Overbeckia]]'' <small>Viehmeyer, 1916</small>
** ''[[Polyrhachis]]'' <small>Smith, 1857</small> (Asian, African tropics)
** †''[[Pseudocamponotus]]'' <small>Carpenter, 1930</small>
* [[Formicini]] <small>Latreille, 1809</small>
** ''[[Alloformica]]'' <small>Dlussky, 1969</small>
** †''[[Asymphylomyrmex]]'' <small>Wheeler, 1915</small>
** ''[[Bajcaridris]]'' <small>Agosti, 1994</small>
** ''[[Cataglyphis]]'' <small>Foerster, 1850</small>
** †''[[Cataglyphoides]]'' <small>Dlussky, 2008</small>
** †''[[Conoformica]]'' <small>Dlussky, 2008</small>
** ''[[Formica]]'' <small>Linnaeus, 1758</small>
** †''[[Glaphyromyrmex]]'' <small>Wheeler, 1915</small>
** ''[[Iberoformica]]'' <small>Tinaut, 1990</small>
** ''[[Polyergus]]'' <small>Latreille, 1804</small>&nbsp;– Amazon ants
** ''[[Proformica]]'' <small>Ruzsky, 1902</small>
** †''[[Protoformica]]'' <small>Dlussky, 1967</small>
** ''[[Rossomyrmex]]'' <small>Arnol'di, 1928</small>
* [[Gesomyrmecini]] <small>Ashmead, 1905</small>
** ''[[Gesomyrmex]]'' <small>Mayr, 1868</small>
** †''[[Prodimorphomyrmex]]'' <small>Wheeler, 1915</small>
** †''[[Sicilomyrmex]]'' <small>Wheeler, 1915</small>
* [[Gigantiopini]] <small>Ashmead, 1905</small>
** ''[[Gigantiops]]'' <small>Roger, 1863</small> (Neotropical)
* [[Lasiini]] <small>Ashmead, 1905</small>
** ''[[Cladomyrma]]'' <small>Wheeler, 1920</small>
** ''[[Euprenolepis]]'' <small>Emery, 1906</small>
** ''[[Lasius]]'' <small>Fabricius, 1804</small> – cornfield ants, citronella ants
** ''[[Metalasius]]'' <small>Boudinot et al., 2022</small>
** ''[[Myrmecocystus]]'' <small>Wesmael, 1838</small> – honeypot ants
** ''[[Nylanderia]]'' <small>Emery, 1906</small> – crazy ants
** ''[[Paraparatrechina]]'' <small>Donisthorpe, 1947</small>
** ''[[Paratrechina]]'' <small>Motschoulsky, 1863</small>
** ''[[Prenolepis]]'' <small>Mayr, 1861</small> – false honey ants
** ''[[Pseudolasius]]'' <small>Emery, 1887</small>
** ''[[Zatania]]'' <small>LaPolla et al., 2012</small>
* [[Melophorini]] <small>Forel, 1912</small>
** ''[[Lasiophanes]]'' <small>Emery, 1895</small>
** ''[[Melophorus]]'' <small>Lubbock, 1883</small> (Australian)
** ''[[Myrmecorhynchus]]'' <small>André, 1896</small>
** ''[[Notoncus]]'' <small>Emery, 1895</small>
** ''[[Notostigma]]'' <small>Emery, 1920</small>
** ''[[Prolasius]]'' <small>Forel, 1892</small>
** ''[[Pseudonotoncus]]'' <small>Clark, 1934</small>
**''[[Stigmacros]]'' <small>Forel, 1905</small>
**''[[Teratomyrmex]]'' <small>McAreavey, 1957</small>
* [[Myrmelachistini]]<ref name=xcit1></ref><ref name=xcit2>{{Cite journal
| last1 = Christopher M. Wilson 
| last2 = Autumn Smith-Herron 
| date = 2016
| title = Morphology of the male genitalia of Brachymyrmex and their implications in the Formicinae phylogeny
| journal = Journal of Hymenoptera Research
| publisher = Pensoft Publishers
| volume = 50
| pages = 81–95
| issn = 1070-9428
| doi = 10.3897/JHR.50.8697
| doi-access = free
}}</ref><ref name=xcit3>{{Cite web
| access-date = 2018-03-10
| title = AntWeb
| url = https://www.antweb.org
| publisher = California Academy of Sciences
}}</ref>
** ''[[Brachymyrmex]]'' <small>Mayr, 1868</small>
** ''[[Myrmelachista]]'' <small>Roger, 1863</small>
* [[Myrmoteratini]] <small>Emery, 1895</small>
** ''[[Myrmoteras]]'' <small>Forel, 1893</small>
* [[Oecophyllini]] <small>Emery, 1895</small>
** ''[[Oecophylla]]'' <small>Smith, 1860</small>&nbsp;– weaver ants
* [[Plagiolepidini]] <small>Forel, 1886</small>
** ''[[Acropyga]]'' <small>Roger, 1862</small>
** ''[[Agraulomyrmex]]'' <small>Prins, 1983</small>
** ''[[Anoplolepis]]'' <small>Santschi, 1914</small>
** ''[[Aphomomyrmex]]'' <small>Emery, 1899</small>
** ''[[Bregmatomyrma]]'' <small>Wheeler, 1929</small>
** ''[[Lepisiota]]'' <small>Santschi, 1926</small>
** ''[[Petalomyrmex]]'' <small>Snelling, 1979</small>
** ''[[Plagiolepis]]'' <small>Mayr, 1861</small>
** ''[[Tapinolepis]]'' <small>Emery, 1925</small>
* [[Santschiellini]] <small>Forel, 1917</small>
** ''[[Santschiella]]'' <small>Forel, 1916</small>
* ''[[incertae sedis]]''
** †''[[Attopsis]]'' <small>Heer, 1850</small>
** †''[[Leucotaphus]]'' <small>Donisthorpe, 1920</small>
** †''[[Liaoformica]]'' <small>Hong, 2002</small>
** †''[[Longiformica]]'' <small>Hong, 2002</small>
** †''[[Magnogasterites]]'' <small>Hong, 2002</small>
** †''[[Orbicapitia]]'' <small> Hong, 2002</small>
** †''[[Ovalicapito]]'' <small>Hong, 2002</small>
** †''[[Ovaligastrula]]'' <small>Hong, 2002</small>
** †''[[Protrechina]]'' <small>Wilson, 1985</small>
** †''[[Sinoformica]]'' <small>Hong, 2002</small>
** †''[[Sinotenuicapito]]'' <small>Hong, 2002</small>
** †''[[Wilsonia (ant)|Wilsonia]]'' <small>Hong, 2002</small>
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline|Formicinae}}
*{{Wikispecies-inline|Formicinae}}

{{Formicidae subfamilies}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q119691}}

[[Category:Formicinae| ]]
[[Category:Ant subfamilies]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Amédée Louis Michel le Peletier]]
[[Category:Extant Turonian first appearances]]