Editing Fort Oswego

{{Short description|18th-century trading post in the Great Lakes region in North America}}
{{more footnotes|date=January 2013}}
[[Image:OswegoFort1727.jpg|upright 1.2|right]]
'''Fort Oswego''' was an 18th-century [[trading post]] in the [[Great Lakes]] region in North America, which became the site of a battle between French and British Army forces in 1756 during the North American phase of the [[Seven Years' War]], known in the United States as 'The [[French and Indian War]].' The fort was established in 1727, on the orders of [[List of Colonial Governors of New York|New York governor]] [[William Burnet (colonial administrator)|William Burnet]], adjacent to a 1722 blockhouse that had originally been a way station for French traders. The log palisade fort established a British presence on the [[Great Lakes]].

In 1756, the fort's garrison of British soldiers from the 50th and 51st regiments were easily defeated by a combined French and Native American force. More than one hundred British soldiers were killed, many of them after the fort had been formally surrendered. The French took a further 1,500 British prisoners, and destroyed the fort itself. The site is now included in the city of [[Oswego, New York]].

== Oswego fortification system ==
Many historic references to Fort Oswego actually refer to other forts that existed simultaneously or later. The [[terrain]] at the site explains this. The original fort was built around the trading post on the lower ground on the north west side of the mouth of the [[Oswego River (New York)|Oswego River]]. This was convenient to [[canoe]] and [[bateaux]] traffic. A [[Rock (geology)|stone]] [[blockhouse]] was added in 1727, and was called Fort Burnet. A triangular stone wall, ten feet (3 [[metre|m]]) high and three feet (1 [[metre|m]]) wide was added in 1741, and the entire enclosure was called Fort Pepperrell (a marker can be found designating the area of Fort Oswego on the north west side of the river along a sidewalk). Besides these expansions, [[Fort Ontario]] was started in 1755 as a palisade on the high ground on the north east side of the river, and [[Fort George, New York|Fort George]] was added to the bluff located a half mile (800 m) to the southwest from Fort Oswego. Fort George was also called Fort Rascal or the West Fort. Fort Ontario was also known as the Fort of the Six Nations or the East Fort. The French knew Fort Oswego as Fort Chouaguen. Some references to Fort Oswego refer to the entire complex. Except for the marker in Oswego, nothing is left of Fort Oswego itself.

Fort Ontario has been rebuilt several times on or around the original fort and was given up by the U.S. Army in the 1940s. The fort is currently being taken care of by New York State Parks and Historic Preservation and is opened to the public.

== French and Indian War ==
{{Main|Battle of Fort Oswego (1756)}}
[[File:Fort Oswego.jpg|thumb|Capitulation of Fort Oswego, August 1756]]

During the [[French and Indian War]], the French commander, General [[Louis-Joseph de Montcalm|Montcalm]], arrived in August with 3,000 men. His force included three [[regiment]]s of regulars, several [[company (military unit)|companies]] of [[Canadians|Canadian]] [[militia]], and numerous [[Native Americans in the United States|Indians]]. He first captured Fort Ontario, then began the assault on Fort Oswego. Oswego was the stronger fortification, but it was now downhill from 120 [[cannon]]s in the abandoned Fort Ontario. Montcalm swept the fort with cannon fire, killing the British commander, Colonel Mercer, in the bombardment. British forces were forced to surrender on August 15, 1756.

Montcalm gave much of the British [[logistics|supplies]] to his Indian [[Military alliance|allies]], and destroyed the fort. He returned to [[Quebec]] in triumph with 1,700 [[Prisoner of war|prisoners]]. {{Citation needed span|His actions made a strong impression on the Indian allies of the British, and caused the [[Oneida tribe|Oneida]] and the [[Seneca tribe]]s to switch to the French side.|date=July 2015}}

== Later actions ==
[[Image:Attack on Fort Oswego (May 1914), War of 1812.jpg|thumb|Attack on Fort Oswego (May 1814), War of 1812]]
The site was used for [[artillery battery|shore batteries]] in the [[American Revolutionary War|Revolutionary War]] and the [[War of 1812]] (when it was subjected to [[Battle of Fort Oswego (1814)|a British raid]]), but was never again fortified. Revolutionary War references to Fort Oswego are actually referring to [[Fort Ontario]].{{Citation needed|date=July 2015}} The original site is commemorated at West First and Lake Street in Oswego, New York. Fort George was located in what is now Montcalm Park.  Fort Ontario was used as a training site in [[World War I]] and [[World War II]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

* Graymont, Barbara, ''The Iroquois in the American Revolution'', 1972, {{ISBN|0-8156-0083-6}}

==External links==
* {{Commonscatinline}}
* [http://www.dmna.state.ny.us/forts/fortsE_L/georgeFort.htm Fort George]
* [http://www.dmna.state.ny.us/forts/fortsM_P/oswegoFort.htm Fort Oswego]

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Fort Oswego}}
[[Category:French and Indian War forts|Oswego]]
[[Category:Oswego County, New York]]
[[Category:War of 1812 forts|Oswego]]
[[Category:Forts in New York (state)|Oswego]]
[[Category:1722 establishments in the Province of New York]]
[[Category:Colonial forts in New York (state)|Oswego]]
[[Category:British forts in the United States|Oswego]]
[[Category:Military history of the Great Lakes]]