Editing Four Chaplains' Medal

{{for|United States Army Chaplain Corps Regimental award|List of US Army Chaplain Corps Regimental Awards#The Four Chaplains Medal}}
{{Infobox Military Award
|name= Four Chaplains' Medal
|image= Chaplainmedal.png
|caption=
|country= [[United States]]
|presenter= [[Wilber M. Brucker|Secretary of the Army]]<br/>[[86th United States Congress]]
|type= Military Medal
|holder_label= Awarded to
|holder= [[George L. Fox (chaplain)|George L. Fox]]<br/>[[Alexander D. Goode]]<br/>[[Clark V. Poling]]<br/>[[John P. Washington]]
|awarded_for= Extraordinary Heroism
|status= Inactive
|established= July 14, 1960
|firstawarded= January 18, 1961
|lastawarded= January 18, 1961
|total_awarded= 4 (posthumously)
}}

The '''Four Chaplains' Medal''' was a decoration approved by an [[Act of Congress]] on July 14, 1960 (P.L. 86-656, 74 Stat. 521).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tioh.hqda.pentagon.mil/Catalog/Heraldry.aspx?HeraldryId=15325&CategoryId=9140&grp=4 |title=Army Chaplain Medal of Valor |website=[[United States Army Institute of Heraldry]] |date=March 23, 2015 |accessdate=July 12, 2017}}</ref> The decoration recognizes the heroic actions of four [[Chaplain Corps (United States Army)|Army Chaplains]] during World War II.

The statute awarding the medal is listed as follows:

<blockquote>Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the President is authorized to award posthumously appropriate medals and certificates to Chaplain George L. Fox of Gilman, Vermont; Chaplain Alexander D. Goode of Washington, District of Columbia; Chaplain Clark V. Poling of Schenectady, New York; and Chaplain John P. Washington of Arlington, New Jersey, in recognition of the extraordinary heroism displayed by them when they sacrificed their lives in the sinking of the troop transport {{SS|Dorchester||2}} in the North Atlantic in 1943 by giving up their life preservers to other men aboard such transport. The medals and certificates authorized by this Act shall be in such form and of such design as shall be prescribed by the President, and shall be awarded to such representatives of the aforementioned chaplains as the President may designate.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://uscode.house.gov/statutes/pl/86/656.pdf |title=Public Law 86-656 |website=[[Office of the Law Revision Counsel]] |date=July 13, 1960}}</ref></blockquote>

Also known as the '''Chaplain's Medal of Honor''' and the '''Chaplain's Medal for Heroism''', its design commemorates the actions of the [[Four Chaplains]] who gave their lives in the line of duty on February 3, 1943. The medal was designed by [[Thomas Hudson Jones]] (1892–1969) of the [[United States Army Institute of Heraldry]]. It was presented posthumously to their next of kin by [[United States Secretary of the Army|Secretary of the Army]] [[Wilber M. Brucker]] at [[Fort Myer]], Virginia, on January 18, 1961.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.foxfall.com/fmc-fcm.htm |title=Federal Military Medals and Decorations |website=Foxfall Medals}}</ref>

==The Four Chaplains==
{{Main|Four Chaplains}}
The four chaplains were [[lieutenant]]s in the [[United States Army]]: the Rev. [[George L. Fox (chaplain)|George L. Fox]] ([[Methodist]]), [[Rabbi]] [[Alexander D. Goode]] ([[Jewish]]), the Rev. [[Clark V. Poling]] ([[Reformed Church in America]]) and [[Father#Religion|Fr.]] [[John P. Washington]] ([[Roman Catholic]]). In late 1942, the chaplains were transferred to Camp Myles Standish in [[Taunton, Massachusetts]], and attended Chaplains School at [[Harvard University]]. In January 1943, the chaplains embarked on board the SS ''Dorchester'', which was transporting over 900 soldiers to the [[United Kingdom]] via [[Greenland]].

On February 2, 1943, the German submarine [[German submarine U-223|''U-223'']] spotted the convoy on the move and closed with the ships, firing a torpedo which struck the ''Dorchester'' shortly after midnight. Hundreds of men packed the decks of the rapidly sinking ship and scrambled for the [[Lifeboat (shipboard)|lifeboats]]. Several of the lifeboats had been damaged and the four chaplains began to organize frightened soldiers. They distributed [[Personal flotation device|life jackets]] from a locker; when the supply of life jackets ran out, each of the chaplains gave theirs to other soldiers. When the last lifeboats were away, the chaplains prayed with those unable to escape the sinking ship. Twenty-seven minutes after the torpedo struck, the ''Dorchester'' disappeared below the waves with 672 men still aboard. The last anyone saw of the four chaplains, they were standing on the deck, arms linked and praying together.<ref name="S4C">{{cite web |url=http://www.fourchaplains.org/story.html |title=The Saga of the Four Chaplains |accessdate=2008-02-05 |publisher=The Four Chaplains Memorial Foundation |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080207070224/http://www.fourchaplains.org/story.html |archivedate=2008-02-07 }}</ref>

As to official military decorations, each of the four chaplains was posthumously awarded the [[Distinguished Service Cross (United States)|Distinguished Service Cross]] and the [[Purple Heart]].<ref name="S4C"/>

==Award creation==
In 1957, [[American Legion|The American Legion]], at their 39th National Convention in [[Atlantic City, New Jersey|Atlantic City]], passed a resolution asking Congress to award the [[Medal of Honor]] to the Four Chaplains;<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/12318813/legion_to_ask_congress_to_honor_four/ |title=Legion To Ask Congress To Honor Four Chaplains |newspaper=[[Lebanon Daily News]] |agency=[[United Press International|United Press]] |date=September 18, 1957 |accessdate=July 12, 2017 |via=newspapers.com}}</ref> however, criteria for the Medal of Honor included "combat with the enemy."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/12319538/medal_for_heroism_honors_four_chaplains/ |title=Medal for Heroism Honors Four Chaplains |newspaper=[[Ottawa Journal]] |agency=[[Religion News Service]] |date=February 25, 1961 |accessdate=July 12, 2017 |via=newspapers.com}}</ref> The special medal — intended to have the same weight and importance as the Medal of Honor<ref name="S4C"/>{{Additional citation needed|date=September 2012|See talk page. Need additional verification that the medal was "intended to have the same weight and importance as the Medal of Honor".}} — was approved by the [[United States Senate|Senate]] in 1958,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/12318915/four_chaplains_medals/ |title=Four Chaplains Medals |newspaper=[[Courier-Post]] |location=[[Camden, New Jersey]]  |date=May 13, 1958 |accessdate=July 12, 2017 |via=newspapers.com}}</ref> and by the [[United States House of Representatives|House]] in 1960.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/12318968/special_medals_to_honor_4_chaplains/ |title=Special Medals To Honor 4 Chaplains |newspaper=[[The Greenville News]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=June 22, 1960 |accessdate=July 12, 2017 |via=newspapers.com}}</ref> In 2006, The American Legion, at their 88th National Convention in [[Salt Lake City]], passed a new resolution in support of awarding the Medal of Honor to the Four Chaplains.<ref>[http://archive.legion.org/handle/123456789/175 Proceedings of the 88th National Convention of the American Legion (2006), pages 150-151, Resolution No. 361], Accessed February 3, 2017.</ref>

==See also==
{{commons category|Four Chaplains' Medal}}
* [[United States military chaplains]]
* [[Awards and decorations of the United States military]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
* Thornton, Francis Beauchesne (c. 1953). ''Sea of glory; the magnificent story of the four chaplains''. New York, NY: Prentice-Hall. pp. 243 {{LCCN|52010662}} {{OCLC|1349281}}

{{The Four Chaplains}}

[[Category:United States military chaplaincy|Medal]]
[[Category:Military awards and decorations of the United States]]
[[Category:Awards established in 1960]]
[[Category:1960 establishments in the United States]]