Editing Fowler's solution

'''Fowler's solution''' is a solution containing 1% [[potassium arsenite]] (KAsO<sub>2</sub>) which was first described and published as a treatment for [[malaria]] and [[syphilis]] in the late 1700s and was once prescribed as a remedy or a [[Pharmaceutical drug#For nutrition|tonic]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ho |first=Derek |last2=Lowenstein |first2=Eve J. |date=2016 |title=Fowler's Solution and the Evolution of the Use of Arsenic in Modern Medicine |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27784519/ |journal=Skinmed |volume=14 |issue=4 |pages=287–289 |issn=1540-9740 |pmid=27784519}}</ref><ref name=Jolliffe>{{cite journal | author = Jolliffe, D. M. | title = A history of the use of arsenicals in man | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine | year = 1993 | volume = 86 | issue = 5 | pages = 287–289 | doi = 10.1177/014107689308600515 | pmc = 1294007 | pmid=8505753}}</ref> Thomas Fowler (1736–1801) of [[Stafford]], England, proposed the solution in 1786 as a substitute for a [[patent medicine]], "tasteless [[fever|ague]] drop". From 1865, Fowler's solution was a [[leukemia]] treatment.<ref name=Jolliffe/><ref name=Doyle>{{cite journal | author = Doyle, Derek | title = Notoriety to respectability: a short history of arsenic prior to its present day use in haematology | journal = British Journal of Haematology | year = 2009 | volume = 145 | issue = 3 | pages = 309–317 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2009.07623.x | pmid = 19298591 | s2cid = 6676910 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

From 1905, inorganic arsenicals like Fowler's solution saw diminished use as attention turned to organic arsenicals, starting with [[Atoxyl]].<ref name='ITOM'>{{Cite book |last1=Gibaud |first1=Stéphane |last2=Jaouen |first2=Gérard |title=Arsenic - based drugs: from Fowler's solution to modern anticancer chemotherapy |year=2010 |volume=32 |pages=1–20 |doi= 10.1007/978-3-642-13185-1_1|series=Topics in Organometallic Chemistry |bibcode=2010moc..book....1G |isbn=978-3-642-13184-4 }}</ref>

As arsenical compounds are notably toxic and [[carcinogen]]ic—with side effects such as [[cirrhosis of the liver]], [[idiopathic]] [[portal hypertension]], [[bladder cancer|urinary bladder cancer]], and [[skin cancer]]s—Fowler's solution fell from use. In 2001, however, the U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) approved a drug of [[arsenic trioxide]] to treat [[acute promyelocytic leukaemia]],<ref>{{ cite journal |author1=Zhu, J. |author2=Chen, Z. |author3=Lallemand-Breitenbach, V. |author4=de Thé, H. | title = How acute promyelocytic leukaemia revived arsenic | journal = [[Nature Reviews Cancer]] | year = 2002 | volume = 2 | issue = 9 | pages = 705–714 | doi = 10.1038/nrc887 | pmid = 12209159 |s2cid=2815389 }}</ref> and interest in arsenic has returned.<ref>{{cite journal | author1 = Chen, S. J. | author2 = Zhou, G. B. | author3 = Zhang, X. W. | author4 = Mao, J. H. | author5 = de Thé, H. | author6 = Chen, Z. | title = From an old remedy to a magic bullet: Molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of arsenic in fighting leukemia | journal = Blood | year = 2011 | volume = 117 | issue = 24 | pages = 6425–6437 | doi = 10.1182/blood-2010-11-283598 | pmid = 21422471 | pmc = 3123014 }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{MeshName|Fowler's+solution}}

[[Category:Withdrawn drugs]]
[[Category:Hepatotoxins]]
[[Category:Arsenic(III) compounds]]
[[Category:Potassium compounds]]
[[Category:Patent medicines]]