Editing Franz Danzi

{{Other people|Danzi|Danzi (disambiguation)}}
{{short description|German conductor and composer (1763–1826)}}
{{More citations needed|date=April 2012}}
{{Infobox person
| image              = Franz Danzi.JPG
| birth_name         = Franz Ignaz Danzi
| birth_date         = {{Birth date|1763|06|15}}
| birth_place        = [[Mannheim]], [[Baden-Württemberg]], [[Germany]]
| death_date         = {{Death date and age|1826|04|13|1763|06|15}}
| death_place        = [[Karlsruhe]], [[Baden-Württemberg]], [[Germany]]
| occupation         = Cellist,<br />Composer
| spouse             = [[Margarethe Danzi]], (1790)
| relatives          = [[Francesca Lebrun]] (sister)
}}
'''Franz Ignaz Danzi''' (15 June 1763 – 13 April 1826) was a German cellist, composer and conductor, the son of the Italian cellist Innocenz Danzi (1730–1798)<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Franz Danzi - Classical Music Composers |url=https://www.pcmsconcerts.org/composer/franz-danzi/ |access-date=2024-11-01 |website=Philadelphia Chamber Music Society |language=en-US}}</ref> and brother of the noted singer [[Francesca Lebrun|Franzeska Danzi]].  

Danzi lived at a significant time in the history of European music. His career, spanning the transition from the late Classical to the early Romantic styles, coincided with the origin of much of the music that lives in our concert halls and is familiar to contemporary classical-music audiences.<ref name=":1" /> In his youth he knew [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]], whom he revered; he was a contemporary of [[Ludwig van Beethoven]], about whom he — like many of his generation — had strong but mixed feelings and he was a mentor for the young [[Carl Maria von Weber]], whose music he respected and promoted.<ref name=":1" /> 

==Life and career==
{{Unsourced|section|date=January 2023}}
Born in [[Schwetzingen]] and raised in [[Mannheim]], Danzi studied with his father and with [[Georg Joseph Vogler]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Eliza |date=2012-12-23 |title=Franz Danzi (1763-1826) {{!}} Biography, Music & More |url=https://interlude.hk/franz-danzi/ |access-date=2024-11-01 |website=Interlude |language=en-US}}</ref> before he joined the superlative orchestra of the Elector [[Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria|Karl Theodor]] in 1778 as a teenager. 

In 1780, the first of his woodwind compositions was published at Mannheim. His father, principal cellist of the orchestra, was praised by [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Mozart]] for his playing at the premiere of ''[[Idomeneo]]''. Danzi remained behind in a Mannheim that was rendered more provincial when Karl Theodor moved his court to [[Munich]] in 1778. After an apprenticeship with the small theatre orchestra left in Mannheim, he rejoined the main court in Munich as principal cellist — taking his father's position — in 1784.

In 1790, he married the singer and composer [[Margarethe Danzi|Maria Margarethe Marchand]], with whom he travelled in an opera troupe to Leipzig, Prague, Venice, and Florence.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Franz Danzi {{!}} Classical Music, Wind Quintets, Cellist {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Franz-Danzi |access-date=2024-11-01 |website=Britannica |language=en}}</ref>

By 1798, once more in Munich, he rose to the position of assistant [[Kapellmeister]] in one of the most important musical centers of Europe. In 1807, unhappy at the treatment he received at court and despairing of any further advancement, he left Munich to be Kapellmeister in the smaller and less important [[Stuttgart]] court of the new king of [[Württemberg]], [[Frederick of Württemberg|Frederick I]], where he supported and influenced the work of [[Carl Maria von Weber]]. 

In 1812, he moved again to [[Karlsruhe]], where he spent the last years of his life at the Royal Konservatorium struggling to raise the modest courtly musical establishment to respectability.

==Death==
On April 13, 1826, he died in [[Karlsruhe]], aged 62.<ref name=":0" />

==Contribution==
Danzi is known today chiefly for his [[Wind quintet|woodwind quintets]], in which he took justifiable pride for the idiomatic treatment of the individual instruments. He composed in most major genres of the time, including opera, church music, orchestral works, and many varieties of chamber music. He was a first-rate cellist as well as a conscientious and — by all reports — effective orchestra leader and conductor.

At [[Schwetzingen]], the city concert hall was renamed in his honour in 2005.

==Selected works==
{{listen
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|filename2=Franz Danzi - Wind Quintet Op. 67 No. 2 in E minor - 2. Larghetto.ogg|title2=Wind Quintet Op. 67 No. 2 in E minor - 2. Larghetto|description2=Performed by the Soni Ventorum Wind Quintet|format2=[[ogg]]
|filename3=Franz Danzi - Wind Quintet Op. 67 No. 2 in E minor - 3. Menuetto allegretto.ogg|title3=Wind Quintet Op. 67 No. 2 in E minor - 3. Menuetto allegretto|description3=Performed by the Soni Ventorum Wind Quintet|format3=[[ogg]]
|filename4=Franz Danzi - Wind Quintet Op. 67 No. 2 in E minor - 4. Allegretto.ogg|title4=Wind Quintet Op. 67 No. 2 in E minor - 4. Allegretto|description4=Performed by the Soni Ventorum Wind Quintet|format4=[[ogg]]
|filename5=Franz Danzi - Wind Quintet Op. 67 No. 3 in E-flat major - 1. Larghetto - Allegro moderato.ogg|title5=Wind Quintet Op. 67 No. 3 in E-flat major - 1. Larghetto - Allegro moderato|description5=Performed by the Soni Ventorum Wind Quintet|format5=[[ogg]]
|filename6=Franz Danzi - Wind Quintet Op. 67 No. 3 in E-flat major - 2. Andante moderato.ogg|title6=Wind Quintet Op. 67 No. 3 in E-flat major - 2. Andante moderato|description6=Performed by the Soni Ventorum Wind Quintet|format6=[[ogg]]
|filename7=Franz Danzi - Wind Quintet Op. 67 No. 3 in E-flat major - 3. Menuetto (Allegro).ogg|title7=Wind Quintet Op. 67 No. 3 in E-flat major - 3. Menuetto (Allegro)|description7=Performed by the Soni Ventorum Wind Quintet|format7=[[ogg]]
|filename8=Franz Danzi - Wind Quintet Op. 67 No. 3 in E-flat major - 4. Allegretto.ogg|title8=Wind Quintet Op. 67 No. 3 in E-flat major - 4. Allegretto|description8=Performed by the Soni Ventorum Wind Quintet|format8=[[ogg]]
}}

Among his compositions are:
* ''Symphonie Concertante'' in E{{music|flat}} major for Wind Quintet and Orchestra (1785)
* 3 String Quartets, Op. 5
* 6 String Quartets, Op. 6
* 3 Duos for viola and cello (book 1)
* 3 Duos for viola and cello, Op. 9 (book 2)
* Wind Sextet in E{{music|flat}} major, Op. 10
* Septet in E{{music|flat}} major, Op. 10 (arrangement of Sextet, Op. 10)
* Septet in E major, Op. 15
* Sinfonia in C major for Orchestra, Op. 25 (Danzi wrote 8 Sinfonias)
* [[Horn Sonata No. 1 (Danzi)|Horn Sonata]] in E{{music|flat}} major, Op. 28 (c.1804)
* 3 String Quartets, Op. 29
* Flute Concerto No. 1 in G major, Op. 30
* Flute Concerto No. 2 in D minor, Op. 31
* 3 Quartets for Bassoon and Strings, Op. 40
* Quintet in D minor for Piano and Winds, Op. 41
* ''Symphonie Concertante'' in B{{music|flat}} major for Flute, Clarinet and Orchestra, Op. 41
* Flute Concerto No. 3 in D minor, Op. 42
* Flute Concerto No. 4 in D major, Op. 43
* [[Horn Sonata No. 2 (Danzi)|''Sonata concertante'' in E minor for Horn and Piano]], Op. 44
* 3 Potpourris for Clarinet and Orchestra, Op. 45 (1814)
* Concertino, for Clarinet, Solo Bassoon and Chamber Band, Op. 47
* Quintet in F major for Piano and Winds, Op. 53
* Quintet in D major for Piano and Winds, Op. 54
* 3 Wind Quintets, Op. 56
* 6 String Quintets (with 2 violas), Op. 66
* 3 Wind Quintets, Op. 67
* 3 Wind Quintets, Op. 68
* 3 Trios for Flute and Strings, Op. 71
* 4 Bassoon Concertos
* Cello Concerto in A major
* Cello Concerto in E minor
* Horn Concerto in E major
* ''Ouvertüre'' in E major for Orchestra
* Piano Concerto in E{{music|flat}} major
* Sonata in D major for 2 Organs
* Sonatina in D major for Flute and Piano
* Sonata for Clarinet and Piano in B{{music|flat}} major "Sonata Concertante"  
* Sinfonia Concertante in E{{music|flat}} major for Flute, Oboe, Horn, Bassoon and Orchestra
* 6 Pieces Faciles for Piano, Op. 73
* 4 Arias from Operas by Mozart (arranged by Danzi for 2 cellos)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.naxos.com/composerinfo/Franz_Danzi/27146.htm Composer biography at Naxos website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091024053904/http://www.naxos.com/composerinfo/Franz_Danzi/27146.htm |date=2009-10-24 }}
* {{IMSLP|id=Danzi, Franz}}
* [[:ru:Список произведений Франца Данци#Основные издания|A substantial list of newly published editions of Danzi's works in Russian Wikipedia]]
* [http://www.idrs.org/scores/lehrer2/Danzi/Introduction_Danzi.html Article on the 9 Danzi Wind Quintets at the Double Reed Society website]
* {{cite web|url=http://www.musicweb-international.com/classrev/2014/Mar14/Danzi_Berggeist_83296.htm|last=Woolf|first=Jonathan|title=Review - Franz Danzi: Der Berggeist (Opera)|year=2014|publisher=Musicweb.com}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Danzi, Franz}}
[[Category:1763 births]]
[[Category:1826 deaths]]
[[Category:18th-century German classical composers]]
[[Category:18th-century German people]]
[[Category:19th-century German classical composers]]
[[Category:German Classical-period composers]]
[[Category:German classical cellists]]
[[Category:German conductors (music)]]
[[Category:German male conductors (music)]]
[[Category:German expatriates in Italy]]
[[Category:German people of Italian descent]]
[[Category:People from Schwetzingen]]
[[Category:Pupils of Georg Joseph Vogler]]
[[Category:German Romantic composers]]
[[Category:German male classical composers]]
[[Category:18th-century German male musicians]]
[[Category:19th-century German male musicians]]
[[Category:20th-century German cellists]]
[[Category:Composers for piano]]
[[Category:Composers for flute]]
[[Category:Composers for bassoon]]