Editing Freeview (UK)

{{Short description|British digital terrestrial television platform}}
{{About|the United Kingdom digital terrestrial television brand|other uses of the branding|Freeview (disambiguation){{!}}Freeview}}
{{EngvarB|date=June 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}} 
{{Infobox company
 | name              = Freeview
 | logo              = Freeview logo 2015.svg
 | logo_size         = 
 | type              = [[Joint venture]]
 | industry          = Television broadcasting
 | area_served       = United Kingdom
 | key_people        = 
 | products          = Equipment to receive free-to-air digital terrestrial television channels
 | owners            = {{ubl|[[BBC]]|[[ITV plc|ITV]]|[[Channel Four Television Corporation|Channel 4]]|[[Channel 5 Broadcasting Limited|5]]|[[Sky UK|Sky]]}}
 | parent            = [[Everyone TV]]<br />DTV Services Ltd
 | website           = {{Official URL}}
 | founded           = 30 October 2002
 | predecessor       = [[ITV Digital]]
 | location          = [[London]], England, UK
}}
'''Freeview''' is the [[United Kingdom]]'s sole [[Digital terrestrial television in the United Kingdom|digital terrestrial television]] platform. It is operated by '''[[Everyone TV]]''' and '''DTV Services Ltd''', a joint venture between the [[BBC]], [[ITV plc|ITV]], [[Channel Four Television Corporation|Channel 4]], [[Channel 5 Broadcasting Limited|5]] and [[Sky UK|Sky]]. It was launched on 30 October 2002,<ref>[http://www.freeview.co.uk/about-us Freeview: About us] Linked 10 August 2013</ref> taking over the licence from [[ITV Digital]] which collapsed that year. The service provides consumer access via an [[Television antenna|aerial]] to the [[Digital terrestrial television in the United Kingdom#The multiplexes|seven DTT multiplexes]] covering the United Kingdom. As of July 2020, it has 85 TV channels, 26 digital radio channels, 10 HD channels, six text services, 11 streamed channels, and one interactive channel.<ref>[http://www.freeview.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/Freeview-Channel-Guide_010813.pdf Freeview channel guide, Summer 2013 – Proposed line-up from 1 August 2013] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131018035532/http://www.freeview.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/Freeview-Channel-Guide_010813.pdf |date=18 October 2013 }} Linked 10 August 2013</ref><ref>[http://www.a516digital.com/2013/08/freeview-channel-update-01082013.html a516digital, 5 August 2013: ''Freeview Channel Updates: August 2013''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006112012/http://www.a516digital.com/2013/08/freeview-channel-update-01082013.html |date=6 October 2014 }} Linked 10 August 2013</ref><ref>[http://www.a516digital.com/2013/08/true-entertainment-launches-on-freeview.html a516digital, 5 August 2013: ''True Entertainment launches on Freeview''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140705012503/http://www.a516digital.com/2013/08/true-entertainment-launches-on-freeview.html |date=5 July 2014 }} Linked 10 August 2013</ref>

Delivery of [[standard-definition television]] and radio is labelled '''Freeview''', while delivery of [[HDTV]] is called '''Freeview HD'''. Reception of Freeview requires a [[DVB-T]]/[[DVB-T2]] [[Tuner (television)|tuner]], either in a separate [[set-top box]] or built into the TV set. Since 2008, all new TV sets sold in the United Kingdom have a built-in Freeview tuner.<ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.theguardian.com/technology/askjack/2014/nov/27/how-can-i-record-programmes-from-my-new-tv-set | date = 27 November 2014 | access-date = 23 September 2016 | newspaper = [[The Guardian]] | location = London | title = How can I record programmes from my new TV set?}}</ref> Freeview HD requires an HDTV-capable tuner. [[Digital video recorder]]s (DVRs) with a built-in Freeview tuner are labelled '''Freeview+'''. Depending on model, DVRs and HDTV sets with a Freeview tuner may offer standard Freeview or Freeview HD. '''Freeview Play''' is a more recent addition which adds direct access to catch-up services via the [[Internet]].

The technical specification for Freeview is published and maintained by the [[Digital TV Group]], the industry association for digital TV in the UK which also provide the test and conformance regime for Freeview, Freeview + and Freeview HD products. DMOL (DTT Multiplex Operators Ltd.), a company owned by the operators of the six DTT multiplexes (BBC, ITV, Channel 4, and Arqiva) is responsible for technical platform management and policy, including the [[Electronic program guide|electronic programme guide]] and channel numbering.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dmol.co.uk/ |title=Digital UK Industry - Home |access-date=21 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130920182220/http://www.dmol.co.uk/ |archive-date=20 September 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==History==
{{Main|History of Freeview UK}}
[[File:Freeview logo.svg|thumb|right|Logo used from 2006 to 2015]]
Freeview officially launched on 30 October 2002 at 5 am, when the BBC and Crown Castle (now [[Arqiva]]) officially took over the [[digital terrestrial television]] (DTT) licences to broadcast on the three [[multiplex (TV)|multiplexes]] from the defunct [[ITV Digital]]. The founding members of DTV Services, who trade as Freeview, were the [[BBC]], Crown Castle UK and [[British Sky Broadcasting]]. On 11 October 2006, [[ITV plc]] and [[Channel 4]] became equal shareholders. Since then, the Freeview model has been copied in [[Freeview (Australia)|Australia]] and [[Freeview (New Zealand)|New Zealand]].

Although all pay channels had been closed down on ITV Digital, many free-to-air channels continued broadcasting, including the five analogue channels and digital channels such as [[ITV2]], [[ITN News Channel]], [[S4C2]], [[TV Travel Shop]] and [[QVC (UK)|QVC]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unsatisfactorysoftware.co.uk/dtt/dtt.cgi?reg=UK&hist=ftv |title=UK DTT Channel List (free-to-view including yr2002 dtt trials) |publisher=Unsatisfactorysoftware.co.uk |access-date=25 February 2009}}</ref> With the launch of Freeview other channels were broadcast free-to-air, such as: [[Sky Travel]], [[Yesterday (TV channel)|UK History]], [[Sky News]], [[Sky Sports News]], The Hits (later renamed [[4Music]] in 2008, now defunct) and TMF (later renamed to [[Viva (UK & Ireland)|Viva]] in 2009, now defunct) were available from the start. [[BBC Four]] and [[BBC Red Button|the interactive BBC streams]] were moved to multiplex B.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unsatisfactorysoftware.co.uk/dtt/dtt.cgi?reg=UK&by=mux&type=VRDIPTSAG&mux=12ABCD&hist=freeview&data=&col=LoNMTC&disp=1&grp=&oair= |title=UK DTT Channel List (Freeview) |publisher=Unsatisfactorysoftware.co.uk |access-date=25 February 2009}}</ref> Under the initial plans, the two multiplexes operated by [[Crown Castle]] would carry eight channels altogether. The seventh stream became shared by [[UK Bright Ideas]] and [[Ftn (TV channel)|Ftn]] which launched in February 2003. The eighth stream was left unused until April 2004 when the shopping channel [[Ideal World]] launched on Freeview. There are now 14 streams carried by two multiplexes, with Multiplex C carrying 6 streams, and Multiplex D carrying 8. It has recently{{when|date=January 2014}} been announced that more streams are now available on the multiplexes, and that bidding is under way.{{citation needed|date=January 2014}}

===2009 retune===
The Freeview service underwent a major upgrade on 30 September 2009, which required 18 million households to retune their Freeview receiving equipment.<ref>{{cite news|url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/8280067.stm|title= 18m Freeview homes in TV retune|work= BBC News|date= 30 September 2009|access-date= 30 September 2009}}</ref> The changes, meant to ensure proper reception of [[Channel 5 (UK)|Channel 5]], led to several thousand complaints from people who lost channels (notably [[ITV3]] and [[ITV4]]) as a result of retuning their equipment. The Freeview website crashed and the call centre was inundated as a result of the problems. The change involved an update to the NIT (Network Information Table), which some receivers could not accommodate. Many thousands of people could not receive some channels. This included 460,000 fed from relay stations who lost access to [[ITV3]] and [[ITV4]]. Updates were broadcast to enable [[firmware]] changes, but in some cases the receiver must be left on and receiving broadcasts to accept the updates; not everyone was aware of this.<ref>{{cite news|url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/8283452.stm|title= Complaints over Freeview retune|work= BBC News|date= 30 September 2009|access-date= 30 September 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url= http://absolutegadget.com/200910012671/news/television/viewers-enraged-over-freeview-retune-debacle.html|title= Viewers enraged over Freeview retune debacle|publisher= Absolute Gadget|date= 1 October 2009|access-date= 1 October 2009}}</ref>

===2014 retune===
The Freeview service underwent a major upgrade on 3 September 2014 which required 18 million households to retune their Freeview receiving equipment.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-03-09|title=Freeview TV guide channel updates {{!}} Freeview|url=https://www.freeview.co.uk/service-updates/freeview-tv-guide-channel-updates.html|access-date=2021-02-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180309054634/https://www.freeview.co.uk/service-updates/freeview-tv-guide-channel-updates.html|archive-date=9 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-09-24|title=Advance notice: Freeview TV guide update in September 2014 {{!}} Freeview|url=https://www.freeview.co.uk/articles/help/advance-notice-freeview-tv-guide-update-in-september-2014.html|access-date=2021-02-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924015504/https://www.freeview.co.uk/articles/help/advance-notice-freeview-tv-guide-update-in-september-2014.html|archive-date=24 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.a516digital.com/2014/04/Freeview-Retune-Day-September-2014-News-Childrens-Channel-moves.html |title=A516digital : News and Children's channels to move on Freeview Retune Day |access-date=12 September 2014 |archive-date=8 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008135143/http://www.a516digital.com/2014/04/Freeview-Retune-Day-September-2014-News-Childrens-Channel-moves.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.freeview.co.uk/corporate/about-us|title=About us|website=www.freeview.co.uk|access-date=17 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.freeview.co.uk/articles/about-us/press-releases/update-expands-freeview-tv-guide.html |title=Update expands Freeview TV guide &#124; Freeview |access-date=12 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905005545/http://www.freeview.co.uk/articles/about-us/press-releases/update-expands-freeview-tv-guide.html |archive-date=5 September 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The changes included a reshuffle of the Children's, News, and Interactive genres.

A number of new HD channels launched in 2014,<ref>[http://www.a516digital.com/2013/08/could-these-channels-be-coming-soon-to.html a516digital, 4 August: ''Could these channels be coming soon to Freeview?''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813203440/http://www.a516digital.com/2013/08/could-these-channels-be-coming-soon-to.html |date=13 August 2013 }} Linked 10 August 2013</ref><ref>[http://www.freeview.co.uk/articles/news-and-features/blog-post/more-hd-channels-coming-to-freeview.html Freeview blog post, 16 July 2013: ''More HD channels coming to Freeview''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130725022357/http://www.freeview.co.uk/articles/news-and-features/blog-post/more-hd-channels-coming-to-freeview.html |date=25 July 2013 }} Linked 10 August 2013</ref> from a new group of multiplexes awarded to Arqiva.<ref name="OfcomJuly2013">[http://media.ofcom.org.uk/2013/07/16/new-hd-channels-on-terrestrial-tv/ publisher Ofcom, 16 July 2013: ''New HD channels on terrestrial TV''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726234350/http://media.ofcom.org.uk/2013/07/16/new-hd-channels-on-terrestrial-tv/ |date=26 July 2013 }} Linked 10 August 2013</ref> The new HD channels were launched in selected areas on 10 December 2013 with a further roll-out during 2014.

=== Temporary multiplex removal <span class="anchor" id="Temporary Multiplex Removal (2020s)"></span> ===
The temporary multiplexes are Arqiva-owned multiplexes called COM7 and COM8, DVB-T2 multiplexes for Freeview HD capable devices carrying some channels including HD channels. COM7 is made up of mostly [[Timeshift channel|+1s]] and HDs such as More4+1 and [[BBC News]] HD. COM8 consisted of +1s, HDs and other channels such as [[Now 80s|NOW 80s]], [[PBS America|PBS America+1]]  and [[BBC Four|BBC Four HD]]. Over the decade these multiplexes are being shut off with COM8 closing on 6 June 2020, with many +1 and HD channels like 5Star+1 and 4seven HD closing and others (like Now 80s) moving to COM7.{{Citation needed|date=February 2021}}

=== Technical problems <span class="anchor" id="Technical Problems 2021"></span> ===
On 10 August 2021, the {{convert|315|m|ft|adj=on}} [[Bilsdale transmitting station|Bilsdale transmitter]] caught fire leaving up to a million homes in the North East of England without a TV or radio signal.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/news/19503528.bilsdale-tv-mast-fire-north-york-moors/|title=Homes lose TV reception as smoke billows from Bilsdale signal station fire|work=The Northern Echo|accessdate=10 August 2021}}</ref>
Work is ongoing to restore services, but delays to the granting of [[planning permission]] for an {{convert|80|m|ft|adj=on}} temporary mast sited at Bilsdale, and the lack of safe access to the site, have left up to half a million homes without a service as of 8 September 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/news/19524366.bilsdale-tv-mast-latest-transmitter-power-increase-brings-coverage-250k/|title=Mast latest: Transmitter bosses say increased power brings coverage to 250,000 homes|website=The Northern Echo|accessdate=30 August 2021}}</ref>{{Update inline|date=January 2025}}

On the evening of 25 September 2021, transmissions of Freeview channels operated by the BBC, Channel 4 and ViacomCBS (Channel 5) were impacted by the activation of a fire suppressant system at the premises of [[Red Bee Media]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.televisual.com/news/red-bee-fire-alarm-triggers-tx-crash/|website=televisual.com|title=Red Bee fire alarm triggers TX crash|date=27 September 2021|accessdate=27 September 2021}}</ref> While the BBC moved its playout from White City to Salford and Channel 5 went into 'recovery mode' (with viewers seeing an additional black & white symbol at the top of the screen), Channel 4's channels went off air for a number of hours<ref>{{Cite news|date=25 September 2021|title=Channel 4 goes off-air after outage caused by technical problem|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2021/sep/25/channel-4-goes-off-air-after-outage-caused-by-technical-problem|access-date=26 September 2021|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|language=en}}</ref> with E4+1 and 4Music still off air on Monday 27 September (though 4Music's channel 30 slot was relaying the output of [[The Box (British TV channel)|The Box]], with its back-to-back music video format, on that date).

==Channels==
{{Main|List of DTT channels in the United Kingdom}}

The Freeview service broadcasts free-to-air television [[List of television stations in the United Kingdom|channels]], radio stations and interactive services from the existing public service broadcasters. Channels on the service include the BBC, ITV, Channel 4 and Channel 5 terrestrial channels, as well as their digital services. In addition, channels from other commercial operators, such as Sky and [[UKTV]], are available, as well as radio services from a number of broadcasters.

The full range of channels broadcast via digital terrestrial television includes some pay television services such as [[BoxNation]] and [[Racing UK]]. These channels, although available only to subscribers with appropriate equipment, are listed in the on-screen [[electronic programme guide]]s displayed by many Freeview receivers but cannot be viewed.

The link above gives a full up-to-date list of channels, but, as of January 2020, excluding channels such as S4C or the many Local TV services (1 service included in the count) they total 105 Freeview, 17 Freeview HD and 33 radio.

==Reception equipment==

===Receivers===
[[File:Digitalfreeview.jpg|thumb|A modern Freeview receiver set-top box ([[Philips]]/[[Pace plc|Pace]] DTR 220) being used to receive digital television on an older analogue television set (branded [[Wharfedale (company)|Wharfedale]])]]
To receive Freeview, either a television with an integrated digital tuner or an older analogue television with a suitable Freeview-branded [[set-top box]] is required.

===Aerial===
[[File:Freeview aerial-Freeview Aerial Installation.jpg|thumb|An outdoor aerial being used for Freeview transmissions]]
An [[Television antenna|aerial]] is required for viewing any broadcast television transmissions. For all transmissions indoor, loft-mounted, and external aerials are available. In regions of strong signal an indoor aerial may be adequate; in marginal areas a high-gain external aerial mounted high above the ground with an electronic [[amplifier]] at its top may be needed.

Aerial requirements for analogue (the old standard) and digital reception in the UK are identical; there is no such thing as a special "digital aerial", although installers and suppliers often falsely say one is necessary.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/dorset/7667221.stm BBC: Digital switch advice 'shocking' ] 9 of 14 installers gave bad or misleading advice, suggesting that people are likely to need a new aerial for digital switchover ... 5 told the mystery shopper they would need a "digital aerial", when in fact there is no such thing.</ref> As the signal degrades, the analogue picture degrades gradually, but the [[Cliff effect|digital picture holds up well then suddenly becomes unwatchable]]; an aerial which gave poor analogue viewing may give unwatchable, rather than poor, digital viewing, and need replacing, at a cost of typically £80 to £180, most of which is fitting cost. An aerial intended for external use may be fitted indoors if there is space and the signal is strong enough.<ref name="caifaq">{{cite web | url=http://www.cai.org.uk/asp/faq.asp | title=Frequently Asked Questions | publisher=Confederation of Aerial Industries Ltd | access-date=22 June 2006 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060625213137/http://www.cai.org.uk/asp/faq.asp | archive-date=25 June 2006 | url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Services==
The Digital TV Group, the industry association for digital television in the UK, is responsible for co-ordination between Freeview and other digital services.<ref>{{cite web|title=DTG Objectives|url=http://www.dtg.org.uk/dtg/objectives.html|publisher=DTG|access-date=11 July 2013|archive-date=7 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130707104326/http://dtg.org.uk/dtg/objectives.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The original Freeview was later expanded with additional facilities (Freeview+), high-definition channels (Freeview HD), and Internet connectivity (Freeview Play). All services remain available; the original Freeview equipment will work (unenhanced) in the same way it always did.

===Freeview===
The original Freeview service allowed a large number of digital television channels to be received on a compatible television receiver, set-top box, or personal video recorder. An electronic programme guide was available. Freeview channels are not encrypted and can be received by anyone in the UK. There is no additional charge to receive Freeview but it is a legal obligation to hold a current [[television licence]] to watch or record TV as it is being broadcast.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tvlicensing.co.uk/information/index.jsp#link1|title=TV Licensing – TV Licence Information|access-date=4 May 2007}}</ref>

A [[subscription]]-based DTT service, [[Top Up TV]], launched in March 2004. The Top Up TV service was not connected with the Freeview service, but ran alongside it on the DTT platform and was included in the Freeview EPG; programmes could be received on some Freeview set-top boxes and televisions equipped with a card slot or [[Common Interface|CI]] slot. The service also worked with existing ex-[[ITV Digital|ONdigital / ITV Digital]] boxes that received the Freeview package; subscribers with those boxes had to insert their TopUp TV card into the slot which was originally used for inserting ONdigital / ITV Digital smartcards. Top Up TV was replaced in 2006, by a service that did not run on Freeview equipment. In October 2013, the TopUp TV service was closed down.

The Freeview logo certification for standard definition (SD) receivers and recorders was withdrawn in January 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dtg.org.uk/2018/10/31/dtg-defines-latest-uk-tv-industry-requirements-with-d-book-11/|title=DTG defines latest UK TV industry requirements with D-Book 11|date=31 October 2018|website=DTG}}</ref>

===Freeview HD===
Freeview HD comprises a number of high-definition versions of existing channels. It requires a different high-definition tuner, and does not supersede or replace standard Freeview.

On 20 August 2020, Freeview announced that it would phase out their Freeview HD brand in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-20 |title=Freeview announces it will phase out the Freeview HD brand |url=https://www.everyonetv.co.uk/news/press-release/freeview-hd |access-date=2024-04-14 |website=Everyone TV |language=en}}</ref>

====Channels====
{{See also|List of HD channels in the United Kingdom}}

With two channels ([[BBC HD]] and [[ITV HD]]) '''Freeview HD''' completed a "technical launch" on 2 December 2009 from [[Winter Hill transmitting station|Winter Hill]] (as a full power service) and [[Crystal Palace transmitting station|Crystal Palace]] (as a reduced power temporary service). It operates on multiplex BBC B (aka Multiplex B or PSB3). The service was broadcast to all regions by the end of 2012.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2009/11_november/16/freeview.shtml|title=BBC announces timetable for Freeview HD signal availability|publisher=BBC|date=16 November 2009}}</ref> [[Channel 4|Channel 4 HD]] commenced test broadcasts on 25 March 2010 with an animated caption, ahead of its full launch on 30 March 2010, coinciding with the commercial launch of Freeview HD.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/digitaltv/news/a210797/c4-hd-begins-freeview-test-transmissions.html|title=C4 HD begins Freeview test transmissions|website=Digital Spy|date=26 March 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.reghardware.co.uk/2010/03/30/freeview_hd_launches_gets_channel_4/|title=Freeview HD launches, gets Channel 4|publisher=Register Hardware|date=30 March 2010|access-date=30 March 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100523193954/http://www.reghardware.co.uk/2010/03/30/freeview_hd_launches_gets_channel_4/|archive-date=23 May 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[S4C|S4C Clirlun]] launched on 30 April 2010, in Wales, where Channel 4 HD did not broadcast.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.s4c.co.uk/e_press_level2.shtml?id=324|title=S4C launches new High Definition channel – Clirlun|publisher=S4C|date=29 March 2010}}</ref> [[STV (TV channel)#STV HD|STV HD]] launched in Scotland, where ITV HD does not broadcast, on 6 June 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stv.tv/stvhd|title=HD television is coming to STV|publisher=STV|access-date=1 June 2010}}</ref> S4C Clirlun closed on 1 December 2012, allowing Channel 4 HD to begin broadcasting in Wales.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/binaries/spectrum/spectrum-policy-area/projects/dtv/Amendment_to_Determination.pdf|title=AMENDMENT ONE TO THE DETERMINATION UNDER ARTICLE 3 OF THE TELEVISION MUPLTIPLEX SERVICES (RESERVATION OF DIGITAL CAPACITY) ORDER 2008 DATED 17 OCTOBER 2008|publisher=Ofcom|date=2 October 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116072210/http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/binaries/spectrum/spectrum-policy-area/projects/dtv/Amendment_to_Determination.pdf|archive-date=16 January 2013}}</ref>

[[Channel 5 (UK)|Five HD]] was due to launch during 2010 but was unable to reach 'key criteria' to keep its slot.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ofcom.org.uk/media/news/2009/06/nr_20090611a|title=Channel 5 set for licence for high definition programmes on digital terrestrial television|publisher=Ofcom|date=11 June 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090614090155/http://www.ofcom.org.uk/media/news/2009/06/nr_20090611a|archive-date=14 June 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.techradar.com/news/television/ofcom-hands-five-s-freeview-hd-slot-back-to-bbc-676901|title=Ofcom hands Five's Freeview HD slot back to BBC|work=Tech Radar|date=15 May 2010}}</ref> Spare allocation on multiplex B was handed over to the BBC, two years from the date when it was anticipated that further capacity on multiplex B would revert to the control of the BBC Trust. On 3 November 2010, [[BBC One#BBC One HD|BBC One HD]] launched on Freeview HD.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2010/10_october/21/bbconehd.shtml|title=BBC One HD Channel to launch 3 November and EastEnders to go HD on Christmas Day|publisher=BBC|date=21 October 2010}}</ref> Initially it was available in addition to the existing BBC HD channel, which continued to show the "best of the rest" of the BBC in HD. However, BBC HD was replaced by [[BBC Two HD]] on 26 March 2013.<ref>{{cite web|title=BBC Two HD Channel to launch 26 March|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/latestnews/2013/bbc-two-hd.html|publisher=BBC|access-date=2 July 2013|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225181040/https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/latestnews/2013/bbc-two-hd.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Until 17 October 2011, the commercial public service broadcasters had the opportunity to apply to [[Ofcom]] to provide an additional HD service from between 28 November 2011 and 1 April 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/binaries/spectrum/spectrum-policy-area/projects/dtv/third/statutory-notice.pdf|title=Third Invitation to Apply for DTT Multiplex B capacity – Statutory Notice|publisher=Ofcom|date=5 September 2011|access-date=5 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111123013522/http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/binaries/spectrum/spectrum-policy-area/projects/dtv/third/statutory-notice.pdf|archive-date=23 November 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Channel 5 HD was the sole applicant,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.broadbandtvnews.com/2011/11/01/channel-5-takes-freeview-hd-slot/|title=Channel 5 takes Freeview HD slot|publisher=Broadband TV News|date=1 November 2011}}</ref> with the aim of launching in spring or early summer 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/binaries/spectrum/spectrum-policy-area/projects/dtv/third/ITA3-c5.pdf#page=8|title=Response to Ofcom's Third Invitation to Apply for DTT Multiplex B Capacity|publisher=Ofcom|date=17 October 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111027112941/http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/binaries/spectrum/spectrum-policy-area/projects/dtv/third/ITA3-c5.pdf|archive-date=27 October 2011}}</ref> On 15 December 2011, Channel 5 dropped its bid to take the fifth slot after being unable to resolve "issues of commercial importance".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2011/dec/16/channel-5-hd-freeview-ofcom|title=Channel 5 again ditches plans to launch HD channel on Freeview|newspaper=The Guardian|date=15 December 2011}}</ref> Subject to any future Ofcom decision to re-advertise the slot, the capacity will remain with the BBC and can be used by it for BBC services or services provided by a third party via a commercial arrangement.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/media/news/a356343/channel-5-rules-out-hd-channel-launch-on-freeview.html|title=Channel 5 rules out HD channel launch on Freeview|website=Digital Spy|date=15 December 2011}}</ref> The BBC temporarily used the space to broadcast a high definition simulcast of their main Freeview [[BBC Red Button|red button]] feed for the duration of the [[2012 Summer Olympics]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/rogermosey/2012/04/more_choices_announced_for_bbc.html|title=More choices announced for BBC Olympic viewers|publisher=BBC|date=18 April 2012}}</ref> followed by a channel from Channel 4 for the [[2012 Summer Paralympics]].<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2012-08-15/channel-4-to-offer-three-dedicated-paralympic-games-channels|title=Channel 4 to offer three dedicated Paralympic Games channels|magazine=Radio Times|date=15 August 2012}}</ref> On 13 June 2013, the BBC temporarily launched a high-definition red button stream in the vacant space.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/aboutthebbc/posts/A-BBC-Red-Button-summer|title=A BBC Red Button summer 2013|publisher=BBC|date=10 June 2013}}</ref>

On 16 July 2013, Ofcom announced that up to 10 new HD channels would be launched by early 2014, using new capacity made available by the [[digital switchover]]. This provided additional spectrum in the 600Mhz band for additional DVB-T2 multiplexes, reaching up to 70% of the UK population.<ref name="OfcomJuly2013" /> At the same time, the BBC announced that they would provide five new HD channels due to the newly available capacity: BBC Three HD, BBC Four HD, CBBC HD, CBeebies HD and BBC News HD.<ref>{{cite web|title=BBC to launch five new subscription-free HD channels|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/latestnews/2013/BBCHDChannels.html|publisher=BBC Media Centre|access-date=16 July 2013|archive-date=26 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180726121230/https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/latestnews/2013/bbchdchannels.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> BBC Three HD and CBBC HD launched to all viewers on 10 December 2013 using the capacity released by the Red Button HD service, and the other BBC channels launched in some regions, expanding to 70% UK coverage by June 2014.<ref>{{cite web|title=CBBC HD, CBeebies HD, BBC Three HD, BBC Four HD & BBC News HD launch Tuesday 10 December 2013|date=9 December 2013|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/aboutthebbc/entries/af2df9f6-084b-3483-bb9a-f3e1fe460351|publisher=BBC|access-date=28 December 2013}}</ref>

Channel 5 HD launched on Freeview on 4 May 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nissim|first=Mayer|date=2016-05-04|title=Channel 5 HD is now FINALLY available on Freeview|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/tv/a792851/channel-5-hd-is-now-finally-available-on-freeview/|access-date=2021-12-16|website=Digital Spy|language=en-GB}}</ref>

In June 2022, it was announced that the COM7 multiplex would be closing due to the license expiring and the frequency used being released for 5G. The BBC announced that they have made provisions for a 6th slot for BBC Four HD and CBeebies HD to move into available capacity that has been newly identified on the PSB3 multiplex which the BBC operates. However, BBC News HD would stop being broadcast on Freeview.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/reception/work-warning/news/waw-com7 | title=Changes to HD viewing on Freeview &#124; Help receiving TV and radio }}</ref>

====Technical====
The [[Digital TV Group]] publishes and maintains the UK technical specification for high-definition services on digital terrestrial television (Freeview) based on the new DVB-T2 standard. The specification is known as the [[D-book]]. Freeview HD is the first operational TV service in the world using the [[DVB-T2]] standard. This standard is incompatible with DVB-T, and can only be received using compatible reception equipment.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ofcom.org.uk/media/news/2008/04/nr_20080403b |title=More choice and new services on digital terrestrial TV |publisher=Ofcom |date=3 April 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090711215852/http://www.ofcom.org.uk/media/news/2008/04/nr_20080403b |archive-date=11 July 2009  }}</ref> Some television receivers sold before the HD launch claimed to be "HD-ready", but this usually implies that the screen can display HD, rather than that DVB-T2 signals can be received{{snd}} a suitable tuner (typically built into a STB or PVR) is additionally required. Freeview HD set-top boxes and televisions are available. To qualify for the Freeview HD logo, receivers will need to be [[IPTV]]-capable and display Freeview branding, including the logo, on the electronic programme guide screen.<ref name="Freeview HD goes live">{{cite web|url=http://www.reghardware.co.uk/2009/12/03/freeview_hd_launch_report/|title=Freeview HD goes live|publisher=Register Hardware|date=3 December 2009|access-date=3 December 2009|archive-date=12 February 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100212202900/http://www.reghardware.co.uk/2009/12/03/freeview_hd_launch_report/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Freeview HD trademark requirements state that any manufacturer applying for the Freeview HD logo should submit their product to the [[Digital TV Group]]'s test centre (DTG Testing) for conformance testing.

On 2 February 2010, [[Vestel]] became the first manufacturer to gain Freeview HD certification, for the Vestel T8300 set top box.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pressreleasepoint.com/vestel-receives-first-freeview-hd-certification|title=Vestel Receives First Freeview HD Certification|publisher=PressReleasePoint|date=2 February 2010}}</ref> [[Humax]] released the first Freeview HD reception equipment, the Humax HD-FOX T2, on 13 February 2010.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.broadbandtvnews.com/2010/02/15/first-dvb-t2-receiver-in-uk-stores/|title=First DVB-T2 receiver in UK stores|publisher=Broadband TV News|date=15 February 2010}}</ref>

It was announced on 10 February 2009, that the signal would be encoded with [[H.264/MPEG-4 AVC|MPEG-4 AVC]] High Profile Level 4, which supports up to 1080i30/1080p30, so 1080p50 cannot be used.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dtg.org.uk/news/news.php?id=3270|title=Ofcom opts for AVC 4.0 for UK HD DTT|publisher=The Digital TV Group|date=10 February 2009|access-date=13 February 2009|archive-date=13 February 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090213073716/http://www.dtg.org.uk/news/news.php?id=3270|url-status=dead}}</ref> The system has been designed from the start to allow regional variations in the broadcast schedule. Services are statistically multiplexed{{snd}} bandwidth is dynamically allocated between channels, depending on the complexity of the images{{snd}} with the aim of maintaining a consistent quality, rather than a specific bit rate. Video for each channel can range between 3&nbsp;Mbit/s and 17&nbsp;Mbit/s. [[Advanced Audio Coding|AAC]] or [[Dolby Digital Plus]] audio is transmitted at 384&nbsp;[[kb/s]] for 5.1 surround sound, with stereo audio at 128–192&nbsp;kbit/s; audio description takes up 64&nbsp;kbit/s, subtitles 200&nbsp;kbit/s and the data stream, for interactive applications 50&nbsp;kbit/s.<ref name="Freeview HD goes live" /> Recording sizes for Freeview HD television transmissions average around 3&nbsp;GB per hour.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://gonedigital.net/2010/08/12/freeviewhd-bit-rates-and-file-sizes-revisited/ | title = FreeviewHD bit-rates and file sizes revisited | work = Gone Digital | date=12 August 2010 | access-date = 10 May 2011 | first=Nigel | last = Whitfield }}</ref> Between 22 and 23 March 2011, an encoder software change allowed the Freeview version of BBC HD to automatically detect progressive material and change encoding mode appropriately, meaning the channel can switch to 1080p25.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/researchanddevelopment/2011/04/software-upgrade-for-bbc-hd-on.shtml|title=Software Upgrade for BBC HD on Freeview HD|work=BBC|date=5 April 2011}}</ref> This was extended to all of the other Freeview HD channels in October 2011.

To ensure provision of audio description, broadcasters typically use the AAC codec.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.reghardware.com/2010/06/02/freeview_hd_surround_sound/|title=Freeview HD sacrifices surround sound for World Cup scramble|publisher=Register Hardware|date=2 June 2010|access-date=22 June 2010|archive-date=6 June 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100606192312/http://www.reghardware.com/2010/06/02/freeview_hd_surround_sound/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Hardware restrictions allow only a single type of audio decoder to operate at any one time, so the main audio and the audio description must use the same encoding family for them to be successfully combined at the receiver. In the case of BBC HD, the main audio is coded as AAC-LC and only the audio description is encoded as [[High-Efficiency Advanced Audio Coding|HE-AAC]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/bbcinternet/2010/06/questions_around_surround_soun.html|title=Questions around surround sound on Freeview HD|publisher=BBC|date=4 June 2010}}</ref> Neither AAC nor Dolby Digital Plus codecs are supported by most home AV equipment, which typically accept [[Dolby Digital]] or [[DTS (sound system)|DTS]], leaving owners with stereo, rather than [[surround sound]], output. Transcoding from AAC to Dolby Digital or DTS and multi-channel output via [[HDMI]] was not originally necessary for Freeview HD certification. As of June 2010 the [[Digital TV Group|DTG]] D-Book includes the requirement for mandatory transcoding when sending audio via [[S/PDIF]], and for either transcoding or multi-channel [[Pulse-code modulation|PCM]] audio when sending it via HDMI in order for manufacturers to gain Freeview HD certification from April 2011.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://gonedigital.net/2010/06/02/surrounded-by-questions-freeviewhd/|title=Surrounded by questions|publisher=Gone Digital|date=2 June 2010}}</ref> Thus equipment sold as Freeview HD before April 2011 may not deliver surround sound to audio equipment (some equipment may, but this is not mandatory); later equipment must be capable of surround sound compatible with most suitable audio equipment.

In early February 2011, it was announced that one million Freeview HD set-top boxes had been sold.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cable.co.uk/news/digital-tv-service-freeview-hd-passes-1m-sales-800381182/|title=Digital TV service Freeview HD passes 1m sales|publisher=Cable UK|date=2 February 2011|access-date=2 February 2011|archive-date=5 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110205045520/http://www.cable.co.uk/news/digital-tv-service-freeview-hd-passes-1m-sales-800381182/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

====Copy protection====
In August 2009, the BBC wrote to Ofcom after third-party content owners asked the BBC to undertake measures to ensure that all Freeview HD boxes would include [[copy protection]] systems as required by the Digital TV Group's D-Book, which sets technical standards for digital terrestrial television in the UK.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/digitaltv/news/a175535/bbc-wants-freeview-hd-copy-protection.html|title=BBC wants Freeview HD copy protection|website=Digital Spy|date=2 September 2009}}</ref> The BBC proposed to ensure compliance with copy-protection standards on the upgraded Freeview HD multiplex by compressing the service information (SI) data, which receivers need to understand the TV services in the data stream. To encourage boxes to adopt copy protection, the BBC made its own look-up tables and decompression algorithm, necessary for decoding the EPG data on high-definition channels, available without charge only to manufacturers who implement the copy-protection technology. This technology would control the way HD films and TV shows are copied onto, for example Blu-ray discs, and shared with others over the internet. No restrictions will be placed on standard-definition services. In a formal written response, Ofcom principal advisor Greg Bensberg said that wording of the licence would probably need to be changed to reflect the fact that this new arrangement is permitted. The BBC had suggested that as an alternative to the SI compression scheme, the Freeview HD multiplex may have to adopt encryption. Bensberg said that it would appear "inappropriate to encrypt public service broadcast content on DTT".

On 14 June 2010, Ofcom agreed to allow the BBC to limit the full availability of its own and other broadcasters' high definition (HD) Freeview services to receivers that control how HD content can be used.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ofcom.org.uk/consumer/2010/06/hd-on-freeview-5/|title=HD on Freeview|publisher=Ofcom|date=14 June 2010|access-date=14 June 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100616034420/http://www.ofcom.org.uk/consumer/2010/06/hd-on-freeview-5/|archive-date=16 June 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ofcom concluded that the decision to accept the BBC's request will deliver net benefits to licence-holders by ensuring they have access to the widest possible range of HD television content on DTT.

===Freeview HD Recorder===
'''Freeview HD Recorder''' (formerly '''Freeview+''', originally named '''Freeview Playback'''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://freeview.co.uk/freeview/Features/2007/Freeview-Playback-launches |title=Home Features 2007 Freeview Playback launches |publisher=Freeview |date=31 May 2007 |access-date=27 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728022525/http://freeview.co.uk/freeview/Features/2007/Freeview-Playback-launches |archive-date=28 July 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>) is the marketing name for Freeview-capable [[digital video recorders]] with some enhancements over the original Freeview.

All recorders are required to include the following features in addition to standard Freeview:<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.freeview.co.uk/docs/retail_licence.pdf |title=DTG Functional Specification for Digital TV Recorders v1.0 (Schedule 4) |access-date=11 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080705095759/http://www.freeview.co.uk/docs/retail_licence.pdf |archive-date=5 July 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* At least eight-day electronic programme guide (EPG)
* Series link (one timer to record whole series)
* Record split programmes as one programme
* Offer to record related programme
* Record alternative showing if there is a time conflict
* Schedule changes updated in standby (e.g. scheduled recording starting early)
* Accurate Recording (AR, equivalent to [[Programme Delivery Control|PDC]]) – programmes are recorded based on signals from the broadcaster rather than scheduled time. (Since this is based on signals from the broadcaster, the broadcaster can prevent recording by sending nonsense signals as a form of copy protection, as already happens on music channels. However, this can be circumvented by specifying a timer recording instead of a programme recording or by connecting the receiver to a traditional videocassette recorder.){{Citation needed|date=March 2018}}

[[Pace plc]] introduced the first DTT DVR in the UK in September 2002, called the Pace Twin. However, this was before the Freeview brand and its Playback and + marketing names were introduced.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.seenit.co.uk/from-recordable-freeview-to-youview-in-a-decade/|title = From recordable Freeview to YouView in a decade|date = 30 September 2012}}</ref>

===Freeview Play===
[[File:Freeviewplaylogo.jpg|thumb|right|FreeviewPlay logo]]

Freeview Play combines the existing live television service with catch-up TV ([[BBC iPlayer]], [[ITVX]], [[STV Player]], [[Channel 4 (VoD service)|Channel 4]], [[S4C|S4C Clic]], [[My5]], [[U (streaming service)|U]], [[POP Player|Pop Player]], [[CBS]] Catchup Channels UK, [[Legend (television channel)|Legend]]) <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.freeview.co.uk/articles/about-us/press-releases/freeview-rebrands-for-connected-future.html|title=Freeview rebrands for Connected Future {{!}} Freeview|website=www.freeview.co.uk|language=en-GB|access-date=7 March 2018}}</ref> on a variety of compatible TV and set-top boxes via the user's standard broadband [[Internet]] connection. Its main purpose is to provide easy access to catch-up services by scrolling backwards on the traditional electronic programming guide (EPG);  [[YouView]] is a similar but competing combination of live Freeview and catch-up using the EPG.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.expertreviews.co.uk/go/1404805|title=What is Freeview Play? We run you through the popular catch-up TV service|website=Expert Reviews}}</ref>

The technology is an [[open standard]], but with prominent Freeview Play branding. The service launched in October 2015, on compliant equipment, initially 2015 Panasonic TV receivers and Humax set-top boxes, including existing models with a software update. Other manufacturers were announcing new models "later this year [i.e. 2015]".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pocket-lint.com/tv/news/freeview/132739-what-is-freeview-play-when-is-it-coming-to-my-tv-and-how-can-i-get-it|title=What is Freeview Play and how can I get it?|date=16 July 2020|website=Pocket-lint|access-date=17 August 2020}}</ref> The 2017 specification for Freeview Play includes support for [[High-dynamic-range video|HDR video]] using [[hybrid log–gamma]] (HLG), when playing on-demand broadband content.<ref name="FreviewPlaySeptember2016">{{cite news|url=http://www.broadbandtvnews.com/2016/09/23/freeview-updates-hevc-ultra-hd|title=Freeview updates for HEVC and Ultra HD|last=Clover|first=Julian|date=9 September 2016|work=Broadband TV News|access-date=17 January 2017}}</ref>

===Mobile app <span class="anchor" id="Freeview mobile app"></span>===
In 2019, Freeview released an [[Application software|app]] for [[iOS]] and [[Android (operating system)|Android]] devices. The app provides a centralised TV guide for 23 channels and the ability to watch them through [[BBC iPlayer]], [[ITVX]], [[STV Player]], [[Channel 4 (VoD service)|Channel 4]], [[My5]] and [[UKTV Play]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cordbusters.co.uk/freeview-smartphone-app-review/|title=Freeview Smartphone App Review: Freeview TV Without An Aerial? Not Quite|first=Or|last=Goren|date=9 August 2019|website=Cord Busters|access-date=17 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.trustedreviews.com/news/freeview-app-android-3926062|title=Freeview app finally brings live and on-demand TV to Android|date=29 July 2019|website=Trusted Reviews|access-date=17 August 2020}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Television|United Kingdom}}
* [[YouView]]
* [[EE TV]]
* [[Virgin Media]]
* [[Freesat]]
* [[Freesat from Sky]]
* [[Now (Sky)|Now]]
* [[High-definition television in the United Kingdom]]
* [[Saorview]]
* [[Freely]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{Official website}}
* [https://www.everyonetv.co.uk Everyone TV website]

{{Freeview}}
{{Media in the United Kingdom|television}}
{{CATV Europe}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Freeview (UK)}}
[[Category:2002 establishments in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:2021 mergers and acquisitions]]
[[Category:Digital television in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Freeview (UK)| ]]