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{{short description |Manor house in Oslo, Norway}} {{About|the house in Oslo|the house in Skien|Skien (town)#Frogner Manor in Skien}} [[File:Frogner Hovedgård 20090208.jpg|thumb|300 px|Frogner Manor]] [[Image:Frogner Manor by I. C. Dahl for Benjamin Wegner.jpg|thumb|right|300 px|''[[Frogner Manor (painting)|Frogner Manor]]'' (1842)<br> by [[J.C. Dahl]], for [[Benjamin Wegner]]]] [[File:Frogner Hovedgård.jpg|right|thumb|300 px|Frogner Manor]] '''Frogner Manor''' (''Frogner Hovedgård'') is a manor house and former [[Estate (land)|estate]] in today's borough of [[Frogner]] in [[Oslo]], [[Norway]]. The estate comprised most of the modern borough of Frogner, which has been named after the estate, and [[Frognerseteren]] with parts of the [[Nordmarka]] forest (Frognerseterskogen). The remaining part of the estate is now the site of the [[Frogner Park]], with the manor house found in the south of the park and the [[Frogner Park#Vigeland installation .E2.80.93 the sculptures in Frogner Park|Vigeland installation]] in the park's centre. The 18th century buildings on the grounds now house the [[Oslo City Museum]]. Frogner was one of the largest and oldest agricultural properties in the Oslo area. In the Middle Ages, Frogner became ecclesiastical property, mostly owned by the [[Hovedøya Abbey]], but was confiscated by the Crown in 1532, preceding the [[Reformation in Denmark–Norway and Holstein|Reformation]]. From the mid 17th century to the late 19th century it was owned by wealthy officials or burghers of [[Oslo|Christiania]], then sold to the municipality of [[Oslo|Kristiania]] in 1896 to make room for urban expansion and a new cemetery ([[Vestre gravlund]]). Significant parts of the estate instead became a [[public park]]. ==History== Frogner Manor was built in 1750 by Major Hans Jacob Scheel (1714–1774), the first owner to make Frogner his permanent residence. He erected four wings around a square courtyard, accessed through a [[porte-cochère]] in the south wing. His residence opposite was a [[log house]], still intact as the middle section of the present main building. Behind it, a [[Baroque garden]] was laid out, its axis parallel to the main building. Scheel's log house was probably intended for a farm manager, and his plan may have been to build a more monumental residence as the focal point of the garden, symmetrical to its axis, and with a splendid view to the Frogner lake on the opposite side. However, his finances were overextend, and he had to postpone this plan, and instead convert the log house to a more representative manor. He added a [[timber-framed]] extension to the west to complete the symmetry, and a central [[wall dormer]], in front of a grand reception room in the attic. Scheel completed the transformation by covering the log walls behind timber-framing with brick infill, all finished with white-washed plaster, looking like masonry. In 1760 Scheels was nearly broke and had to sell his manor.<ref>Roede, Lars (2012). ''Frogner hovedgård – Bondegård, herskapsgård, byens gård.'' Oslo, Pax forlag. Pp. 60–82</ref> In 1790 the estate was bought by timber merchant and shipowner [[Bernt Anker]] (1746–1805), Norway's richest person at the time. He and his wife [[Mathia Collett|Mathia]] inhabited his family's town house during winter, and used Frogner as their summer residence.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Sanstøl |first=Jorunn |date=2009 |title=Mathia Collett – vis og god |journal=Byminner |issue=1-2009 |url=https://www.nb.no/items/URN:NBN:no-nb_digitidsskrift_2017061981014_001?page=9 | pages=19 |language=Norwegian |access-date=2020-04-24}}</ref> They entertained extensively and invited the wealthy elite of Christiania to ''assemblés'' every week. In order to accommodate guests indoors on rainy days, they needed a large banquet hall. They fit it into an extension to the main building eastward, and to preserve symmetry they extended the building equally far westwards, to its present length of 54 metres. Among many foreign visitors [[Thomas Malthus]] enjoyed dancing in the ballroom in 1799<ref>Roede, Lars (2012). ''Frogner hovedgård – Bondegård, herskapsgård, byens gård''. Oslo, Pax forlag. Pp. 113–137</ref> Bernt Anker died a childless widower in 1805. Frogner was bought by his nephew Morten Anker in 1807. His business was hard hit by the economic depression during and after the [[Napoleon|Napoleonic wars]], and he eventually went bankrupt and was forced to sell Frogner by auction in 1836. The buyer was the director-general of the [[Blaafarveværket|Modum Blue Colour Works]], [[Benjamin Wegner]], who was married to [[Henriette Wegner|Henriette Seyler]] of the Hamburg [[Berenberg family|Berenberg banking dynasty]]. They demolished the southern wing of the manor and opened the courtyard. The turret above the porte-cochère was dismantled and rebuilt on the roof of the main building during their time as owners. The Wegners, in their turn, went through economic problems during the financial crisis of 1848 and had to sell Frogner by auction.<ref>Wegner, R. B.: ''Familien Wegner'', Halden 1963, pp. 22-72.</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url= https://lokalhistoriewiki.no/index.php/Hans_Jacob_Scheel_(1714-1774)|title= Hans Jacob Scheel (1714-1774) |publisher= Lokalhistoriewiki |author= |accessdate= January 25, 2016}}</ref> In 1848 Fredrik Georg Gade (1807–1859), a wealthy merchant from [[Bergen]], purchased the manor. His heirs held the property in joint ownership, under the management of his son Gerhard Gade (1839–1909). He was married to an American, Hellen Allyne, and was the [[United States]] [[consul (representative)|consul]] in Christiania.<ref>Gade, John A.: ''All My Born Days'', New York 1942, Scribner, pp. 1-28.</ref> The former U.S. president and general [[Ulysses S. Grant]] visited [[Oslo|Kristiania]] in the summer of 1878, and attended a gala dinner at Frogner with his entourage.<ref>Gade, Ingeborg: ''Stamtavle over slegterne Gade og Wallem'', Kristiania 1921, p.56-57.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://snl.no/Gade|title= Gade|publisher= Store norske leksikon |author= |accessdate= January 25, 2016}}</ref> Major parts of the farmland belonging to the manor was sold and built up through the end of the 19th century as the city expanded, but around one square kilometer remained when the city of Oslo bought the property in 1896 to secure space for further urban development and a new cemetery. The last private owner, Gerhard Gade, retained the right to inhabit the house until his death in 1909. This spared the house from demolition, and an economic recession prevented further building on the land.<ref>[http://www.oslomuseum.no/bymuseet/default.asp?ArtID=1131 Frogner Manor] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090916073128/http://www.oslomuseum.no/bymuseet/default.asp?ArtID=1131 |date=2009-09-16 }} (Oslo Museum) </ref> In the meantime, the house was recognised as an important cultural monument. It was restored and placed at the disposal of the [[Oslo City Museum]]. == Oslo City Museum == [[File:Bymuseet 1909.jpg|thumb|The opening of the Oslo City Museum at the Frogner Manor's main building in 1909. Reportage image by Øyvind Sørensen in [[Aftenposten]].]] {{main|Oslo City Museum}} In the main house at the Frogner Manor, the local historical museum of the City of Oslo is located. The museum gives an impression of the capital city's historical development. ==Frogner Park== {{Main|Frogner Park}} [[File:NOR-2016-Frogner Park-Vigeland Installation-View from the monolith.jpg|thumb|left|Part of [[Frogner Park]] (2016)]] The private garden surrounding the manor house was historically much smaller. After Oslo municipality acquired the estate, much of the remaining agricultural land was turned into a [[public park]], the [[Frogner Park]], with [[Gustav Vigeland]]'s sculpture arrangement (''Vigelandsanlegget'' or the Vigeland installation) erected in the centre from 1928 to 1943. In 1914 the area was the site of the [[1914 Jubilee Exhibition]]. On the outskirts of Frogner Park is [[Frognerbadet]] (Frogner Baths), which opened in 1956. Old Frogner Stadium opened in 1901 and was the city's main arena for [[Ice skating|skating]]. In 1914 the current [[Frogner Stadium]] was built right next to the old stadium. At the site of the old Frogner Stadium, there are now [[tennis court]]s. ==Frognerseteren== [[File:Frognersæteren restaurant.jpg|thumb|The current restaurant at Frognerseteren]] {{Main|Frognerseteren}} The ''seter'' (mountain dairy farm) of Frogner was situated near the summit of the [[Holmenkollen]] hill north of Oslo, and included parts of the [[Nordmarka]] forest. The name is still preserved in the terminal [[Frognerseteren (station)|Frognerseteren station]] of the suburban [[Holmenkoll Line]], opened in 1898 and extended in 1916. Frognerseteren and the forest was split from Frogner Manor when Benjamin Wegner sold the manor but kept Frognerseteren in 1848. Wegner's heirs sold it to [[Thomas Johannessen Heftye]] in 1864, and his heirs sold it to the municipality in 1889, thus making it the first forest owned by Oslo municipality.<ref>Andreas Vevstad: ''Det begynte med Frognerseterskogen: Oslo kommunes skoger 1889–1989''. Aschehoug, 1989</ref> ==Etymology== The [[Norse language|Norse]] form of the name was ''Fraunar'' (plural form). The name is probably derived from the word ''frauð'' '[[manure]]' - and then with the meaning 'fertilized fields'. See also [[Frogn]] and [[Tøyen]]). ==People== <gallery widths=140px heights=150px> File:OB.00334 Selius Marselis.jpg|[[Selius Marselis]] (1600-1663) File:Karen Toller farger.jpg|[[Karen Toller]], married Hausmann, (1662-1744) File:Anne Cathrine Toller.JPG|Anne Cathrine Toller, married Tritzschler and Garmann File:Casper Herman Hausmann.jpg|[[Caspar Herman Hausmann]] File:Hans Ernst von Tritzschler portrait.jpg|Hans Ernst von Tritzschler (1647-1718) File:Ulrik Fredrik Cicignon.JPG|Ulrik Frederik de Cicignon (1698-1772) File:OB.08008 Hans Jacob Scheel.jpg|Hans Jacob Scheel (1714–1774) File:Bernt Sverdrup.JPG|Bernt Ancher Sverdrup (1734–1809) File:Carl Fredric von Breda - Portrett av Bernt Anker - Oslo Museum - OB.11033.jpg|[[Bernt Anker]] (1746-1805) File:Mathia Anker OB.00801.jpg|Mathia Anker (1737–1801), née [[Collett family|Collett]], wife of Bernt Anker File:Morten Anker.JPG|Morten Anker (1780–1838) File:Benjamin Wegner 2 (cropped).jpg|[[Benjamin Wegner]] (1795-1864) File:Henriette Seyler drawn by her sister Molly Seyler in 1827 (cropped).jpeg|[[Henriette Wegner]] (1805–1875), née [[Seyler family|Seyler]], wife of Benjamin Wegner </gallery> ==References== {{reflist}} {{commons category|Frogner Hovedgård }} ==Other sources== * Roede, Lars (2012) ''Frogner hovedgård. Bondegård, herskapsgård, byens gård'' (Oslo: Pax Forlag) * Magnussen, Kjeld (1967) ''Gaarden Store Frogner'' (Oslo: Bymuseum) * Gade, Ingeborg (1921) ''Stamtavle over slegterne Gade og Wallem'' (Kristiania: Det Mallingske Bogtrykkeri) * [[John Allyne Gade|Gade, John A.]] (1942) ''All My Born Days. Experiences of a Naval Intelligence Officer in Europe'' (New York, Charles Scribner's Sons) * Wegner, R. B.(1963) ''Familien Wegner'' (Halden) {{Frogner Park}} {{Coord|59|55|27.41|N|10|42|10.98|E|type:landmark|display=title}} [[Category:History of Oslo]] [[Category:Manor houses in Norway]] [[Category:Frogner Park]]
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