Editing GNOME Web

{{Short description|Free and open-source web browser for Unix-like systems}}
{{good article}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Use American English|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox software
| logo = GNOME Web logo (2021-03).svg
| logo_size = 100px
| logo caption = Newest logo of GNOME Web since version 40
| screenshot = GNOME Web 48.png
| caption = GNOME Web 48
| author = Marco Pesenti Gritti
| developer = [[The GNOME Project]] (mostly by Michael Catanzaro and Xan Lopez, both from [[Igalia]])<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/epiphany/graphs/master
|title=Contributors · GNOME / Epiphany · GitLab
|website=gitlab.gnome.org
|access-date=March 15, 2017}}</ref>
| released = {{Start date and age|2002|12|24|df=yes/no}}<ref name="epiphany-turns-7" />
| latest release version = {{wikidata|property|reference|edit|P348|P548=Q2804309}}
| latest release date = {{start date and age | {{wikidata|qualifier|P348|P548=Q2804309|P577}} }}
| latest preview version = {{wikidata|property|reference|edit|P348|P548=Q51930650}}
| latest preview date = {{start date and age | {{wikidata|qualifier|P348|P548=Q51930650|P577}} }}
| ver layout = stacked
| programming language = [[C (programming language)|C]] ([[GTK]])
| engine = [[WebKitGTK]]
| operating system = [[Unix-like]], [[Haiku_(operating_system)|Haiku]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Proven |first=Liam |title=Fourth beta of BeOS rebuild Haiku is out |url=https://www.theregister.com/2023/01/11/haiku_beta_4/ |access-date=2023-03-15 |website=www.theregister.com |language=en}}</ref>
| platform = [[GNOME]]
| size = {{Nowrap|2.6 MB}}<ref name="Debian package"/> (compiled package for [[AMD64]], without dependencies)
| language = many languages with different translation percentage of [[User Interface]] and documents
| language footnote = <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://l10n.gnome.org/module/epiphany/ |title=Module Statistics: epiphany<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=January 3, 2021 |archive-date=December 2, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202094749/https://l10n.gnome.org/module/epiphany/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| genre = [[Web browser]]
| license = [[GNU General Public License|GPL-3.0-or-later]]
| website = {{URL|https://apps.gnome.org/Epiphany}}
}}

'''GNOME Web''', called '''Epiphany''' until 2012 and still known by that [[code name]],<ref name="code name">{{cite web|url=https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Web/Docs/FrequentlyAskedQuestions|title=Apps/Web/Docs/FrequentlyAskedQuestions - GNOME Wiki!|website=Gnome.org|publisher=[[GNOME Project]]|access-date=December 6, 2022}}</ref> is a [[free and open-source]] [[web browser]] based on the [[GTK]] port of [[Apple Inc.|Apple]]'s [[WebKit]] rendering engine, called [[WebKitGTK]]. It is developed by [[the GNOME project]] for [[Unix-like]] systems. It is the default and official web browser of [[GNOME]], and part of the [[GNOME Core Applications]].

Despite being a component of GNOME, Web has no dependency on GNOME components.<ref name="Debian package"/>

GNOME Web is the default web browser on [[elementary OS]],<ref name="Elementary">{{cite web|url = https://medium.com/elementaryos/elementary-os-5-juno-is-here-471dfdedc7b3|title = elementary OS 5 Juno is Here|access-date = 10 May 2020|last = Blaede |first = Cassidy James|work = medium.com|date = 16 October 2018|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200502225145/https://medium.com/elementaryos/elementary-os-5-juno-is-here-471dfdedc7b3|archive-date = 2 May 2020}}</ref> [[Bodhi Linux]] version 5<ref>{{cite web |title=Bodhi Linux 5.1.0 Released |url=https://www.bodhilinux.com/2020/03/25/bodhi-linux-5-1-0-released/ |access-date=11 May 2020 |quote=In addition to replacing epad with leafpad, midori with epiphany |website=bodhilinux.com |date=March 25, 2020 |archive-date=March 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326001804/https://www.bodhilinux.com/2020/03/25/bodhi-linux-5-1-0-released/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Bodhi Linux 5.1 Review: Slightly Different Lightweight Linux |url=https://itsfoss.com/bodhi-linux-review/ |website=itsfoss.com |date=April 2, 2020 |access-date=11 May 2020 |archive-date=May 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200507234926/https://itsfoss.com/bodhi-linux-review/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Bodhi Linux 5.1.0 Released, Based on Latest Ubuntu Point Release |url=https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2020/03/bodhi-linux-5-1-release-download |website=OMG! Ubuntu! |date=March 26, 2020 |access-date=11 May 2020 |archive-date=May 31, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200531190500/https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2020/03/bodhi-linux-5-1-release-download |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Bodhi's Modular Moksha Desktop Is Modern and Elegant |url=https://linuxinsider.com/story/bodhis-modular-moksha-desktop-is-modern-and-elegant-86626.html |website=linuxinsider.com |date=April 22, 2020 |access-date=11 May 2020 |archive-date=May 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200511054222/https://linuxinsider.com/story/bodhis-modular-moksha-desktop-is-modern-and-elegant-86626.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[PureOS]] GNOME Edition.<ref>{{Cite web|date=13 December 2019|title=An Epiphany regarding Purebrowser|url=https://puri.sm/posts/an-epiphany-regarding-purebrowser/|url-status=live|access-date=13 June 2021|website=Purism|archive-date=13 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613130734/https://puri.sm/posts/an-epiphany-regarding-purebrowser/}}</ref>

== History ==
=== Naming ===
GNOME Web was originally named "Epiphany", but was rebranded in 2012 as part of GNOME 3.4.<ref name="ra-3.4" /> The name Epiphany is still used internally, as its code name,<ref name="code name" /> for development and in the source code.<ref name="Official repository" /> The package remains ''epiphany-browser'' in [[Debian]]<ref name="source-code-ubuntu" /> (to avoid a name collision with a video game that is also called "Epiphany") and ''epiphany'' in [[Fedora (operating system)|Fedora]] and [[Arch Linux]].<ref name=source-code-fedora /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Arch Linux - epiphany 44.7-1 (x86_64) |url=https://archlinux.org/packages/extra/x86_64/epiphany/ |access-date=2023-09-21 |website=archlinux.org}}</ref>

=== Development ===
==== Galeon ====
{{main|Galeon}}
Marco Pesenti Gritti, the initiator of [[Galeon]], originally developed Epiphany in 2002 as a [[Fork (software development)|fork]] of Galeon. The fork occurred because of the disagreement between Gritti and the rest of Galeon developers about new features. Gritti regarded Galeon's monolithic design and the number of user-configurable features as factors that were limiting Galeon's maintainability and usability, but the rest of the Galeon developers wanted to add more features.{{Citation needed|date=March 2022}}

Around the same time, the GNOME project adopted a set of [[GNOME Human Interface Guidelines|human interface guidelines]], which promoted simplification of user interfaces. As Galeon was oriented towards [[power user]]s, most developers disapproved. As a result, Gritti created a new browser based on Galeon, with most of the non-critical features removed. He intended Epiphany to comply with the GNOME HIG. As such, Epiphany used the global GNOME theme and other settings from inception.<ref name="galeon-history_website" /><ref name="FSM" />

Gritti explained his motivations:

{{quote|While Mozilla has an excellent rendering engine, its default [[XUL]]-based interface is considered to be overcrowded and bloated. Furthermore, on slower processors even trivial tasks such as pulling down a menu is less than responsive.

Epiphany aims to utilize the simplest interface possible for a browser. Keep in mind that simple does not necessarily mean less powerful. We believe the commonly used browsers of today are too big, buggy, and bloated. Epiphany addresses simplicity with a small browser designed for the web—not mail, newsgroups, file management, instant messaging or coffee making. The [[Unix philosophy]] is to design small tools that do one thing, and do it well.

[..]

Epiphany's main goal is to be integrated with the gnome desktop. We don't aim to make Epiphany usable outside Gnome. If someone will like to use it anyway, it's just a plus. For example: Making people happy that don't have control center installed is not a good reason to have mime configuration in Epiphany itself.|Marco Pesenti Gritti<ref name="mozdev-home"/>}}

Galeon continued after the fork, but lost momentum due to the remaining developers' failure to keep up with changes in the Mozilla platform. Galeon development stalled and the developers decided to work on extensions to bring Galeon's advanced features to Epiphany.<ref name="FSM" />

Gritti ended his work on Epiphany and a GNOME team led by Xan Lopez, Christian Persch and Jean-François Rameau now direct the project.<ref name="webkit-announcement" /> Gritti died of cancer on May 23, 2015.<ref name=gritti />

==== Gecko-based ====
The first version of Epiphany was released on December 24, 2002.<ref name="epiphany-turns-7" />

Epiphany initially used the [[Gecko (layout engine)|Gecko layout engine]] from the [[Mozilla]] project to display web pages. It provided a GNOME [[graphical user interface]] for Gecko, instead of Mozilla's cross-platform interface.<ref name="dont-click_book" />

The development of Epiphany was mainly focused on usability improvements compared to major browsers at the time. The most notable was the new text entry widget, which was introduced in version 1.8. The new widget supported icons inside the text area and reduced the screen space needed to present information, while improving GNOME integration.<ref name="new-text-entry_devblog" />

The next major milestone was version 2.14, which was the first to follow GNOME's version numbering. It also featured network awareness using [[NetworkManager]], [[smart bookmarks]] improvements, and the option to build with [[XULRunner]].{{Citation needed|date=March 2022}}

The latter was critical. Previously, Epiphany could only use an installed Mozilla web browser as a web engine provider. The XULRunner support made it possible to install Epiphany as the only web browser on the system.<ref name="pi-1" /><ref name="198_devblog" />

==== WebKit-based ====
[[File:GNOME Web 40 (released in 2021-03) -- Web Inspector.png|thumb|Web Inspector, showing a [[Safari (web browser)|Safari]]-like user interface]]

The development process suffered from major problems related to the Gecko backend. Notably, the release cycles of the two projects did not line up efficiently. Additionally, Mozilla increasingly disregarded third-party software that wished to make use of Gecko, until it became viewed as an integrated Firefox component.<ref name="webkit-announcement" /> To address these issues, in July 2007, the Epiphany team added support for [[WebKit]] as an alternative rendering engine.<ref name="port-buddha" /> On {{dts|2008|4|1}}, the team announced that it would remove the ability to build it using Gecko and proceed using only WebKit.<ref name="webkit-announcement" />

The size of the team and complexity of porting the browser to WebKit caused version 2.22 to be re-released with bugfixes alongside GNOME 2.24,<ref name="epiphany-loves-webkit" /> so the releases stagnated until {{dts|2009|7|1}}, when it was announced that 2.26 would be the final Gecko-based version.<ref name="gecko-eol" />

In September 2009, the transition to WebKit was completed as part of GNOME 2.28.<ref name="ars_garden" />

=== Version history ===
Developers of GNOME Web maintain a complete and accurate [[changelog]] in its official repository that shows complete and detailed changes between all the releases,<ref name="gitlab.gnome">{{Cite web |title=NEWS · main · GNOME / Epiphany · GitLab |url=https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/epiphany/-/blob/main/NEWS |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240722134947/https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/epiphany/-/raw/main/NEWS |archive-date=July 22, 2024 |access-date=July 22, 2024 |website=GNOME GitLab}}</ref> following table just shows arbitrarily mentioned some notable and important changes:<ref name="gnome-rn" /><ref name="git_news" />

{|class="wikitable"
|-
!scope="col"| Version
!scope="col"| Date
!scope="col"| Notable and important changes
|-
!scope="row"| 0.4
| {{dts|2002|12|25}}<ref name="ra-0.4" />
| Initial release.
|-
!scope="row"| 0.5
| {{dts|2003|4|13}}<ref name="ra-0.5" />
| Ability to drag bookmarks, smart bookmarks, and topics to the toolbar. Optional "Go" button for URL bar. "Help" support.
|-
!scope="row"| 0.6
| {{dts|2003|5|4}}<ref name="ra-0.6" />
| [[Drag and drop]] of links to [[Tab (GUI)|tab bar]]. Security preferences. User language automatic detection. New history dialog. Default bookmarks toolbar.
|-
!scope="row"| 0.7
| {{dts|2003|6|7}}<ref name="ra-0.7" />
| Zoom control for the toolbar. Ability to reload page while bypassing cache (shift+reload). Traditional bookmarks menu. ''Exit fullscreen'' button.
|-
!scope="row"| 0.8
| {{dts|2003|7|13}}<ref name="mzine_ephy-08" />
| Tooltips. Improved GNOME integration. Fast search for bookmarks and history. Drag and drop of [[URL]]s in the bookmarks toolbar.
|-
!scope="row"| 0.9
| {{dts|2003|8|22}}<ref name="ra-0.9" />
| ''Bugfixes only.''
|-
!scope="row"| 1.0
| {{dts|2003|9|8}}<ref name="ra-1.0" /><br />''GNOME 2.04''
| Support for Mozilla 1.6.
|-
!scope="row"| 1.2
| {{dts|2004|3|15}}<ref name="ra-1.2" /><br/>''GNOME 2.06''
| Support for Mozilla 1.7 and 1.8, Lockdown mode. [[Caret navigation]].
|-
!scope="row"| 1.4
| {{dts|2004|9|13}}<ref name="ra-1.4" /><br/>''GNOME 2.08''
| Offline mode. Per-site [[Pop-up ad|pop-up]] blocking.
|-
!scope="row"| 1.6
| {{dts|2005|3|9}}<ref name="ra-1.6" /><br/>''GNOME 2.10''
| Extensions manager.
|-
!scope="row"| 1.8
| {{dts|2005|9|5}}<ref name="ra-1.8" /><br />''GNOME 2.12''
| [[Python (programming language)|Python]] bindings, ''Find'' toolbar, [[Favicon]] and [[Secure Sockets Layer|SSL]] [[Computer icon|icons]] displayed in location bar.<ref name="new-text-entry_devblog" /> Gecko 1.8 support. Error messages display in content area. Use of the GNOME printing system.
|-
!scope="row"| 2.14
| {{dts|2006|3|12}}<ref name="ra-2.14" />
| [[XULRunner]] backend supported. Topic suggestions in bookmarks manager.<ref name="topics_devblog" /> Version numbering synced to [[GNOME]].<ref name="pi-1" /> [[NetworkManager]] [[DBUS]] interface support.
|-
!scope="row"| 2.16
| {{dts|2006|9|6}}<ref name="ra-2.16" />
| History preserved for links opened in new tabs.<ref name="ephy216_rn" /> [[Spell checking]] support. Page security info dialogue from Certificates extension. New GTK Printing dialog. Stability improvements.<ref name="stabler-stable_devblog" />
|-
!scope="row"| 2.18
| {{dts|2007|3|14}}<ref name="ra-2.18" />
| Bookmarks online storage.<ref name="foresight_devblog" /> UI for Ad Blocker.
|-
!scope="row"| 2.20
| {{dts|2007|9|19}}<ref name="ra-2.20" />
| rowspan=4 | Migration from Gecko to WebKit.<ref name="epiphany-loves-webkit" /> [[Portable Document Format|PDF]] printing. Migration from [[GnomeVFS]] to [[GIO (software)|GIO]].
|-
!scope="row"| 2.22
| {{dts|2008|3|12}}<ref name="ra-2.22" />
|-
!scope="row"| 2.24
| {{dts|2008|9|24}}<ref name="ra-2.24" />
|-
!scope="row"| 2.26
| {{dts|2009|3|31}}<ref name="ra-2.26" />
|-
!scope="row"| 2.28
| {{dts|2009|9|24}}<ref name="ra-2.28" />
| Gecko backends removed. Python extension support removed. WebInspector.<ref name="webinspector" />
|-
!scope="row"| 2.30
| {{dts|2010|3|31}}<ref name="ra-2.30" />
| Broken SSL certificate warning, custom page menus support.
|-
!scope="row"| 2.32
| {{dts|2010|9|29}}<ref name="ra-2.32" />
| ''Bugfixes only''.
|-
!scope="row"| 3.0
| {{dts|2011|4|6}}<ref name="ra-3.0" />
| Reduced the amount of [[user interface chrome]]. [[Geolocation]] support. Switched from text zooming to full content zooming. New download manager. Migration to [[GTK]] 3 and GNOME 3 technologies.
|-
!scope="row"| 3.2
| {{dts|2011|9|28}}<ref name="ra-3.2" />
| Separate font settings. WebKit's page source viewer made default. [[#Web Application Mode|Web Applications mode]] introduced.
|-
!scope="row"| 3.4
| {{dts|2012|3|28}}<ref name="ra-3.4" />
| Renamed from ''Epiphany'' to ''Web''. Major interface overhaul. Performance improvements. Super menu introduced.
|-
!scope="row"| 3.6
| {{dts|2012|9|26}}<ref name="ra-3.6" />
| Overview screen and Full Screen mode introduced.
|-
!scope="row"| 3.8
| {{dts|2013|3|27}}<ref name="ra-3.8" />
| Support [[Adobe Flash]] and other plug-ins using [[WebKit2]]. Privacy mode. [[New Tab]] button. Removes the ability to disable [[JavaScript]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/epiphany/-/blob/master/NEWS#L1652|title=NEWS · master · GNOME / Epiphany|access-date=May 27, 2020|archive-date=August 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801035317/https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/epiphany/-/blob/master/NEWS#L1652|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|3.10
| {{dts|2013|9|26}}<ref name="ra-3.10">{{cite web|publisher=Gnome|date=September 26, 2013|url=https://git.gnome.org/browse/epiphany|title=Epiphany source coder|access-date=October 14, 2013|archive-date=December 21, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221120135/https://git.gnome.org/browse/epiphany|url-status=live}}</ref>
| New toolbar placement into "Header Bar", the new [[GNOME]] titlebar design.
|-
!scope="row"|3.12
| {{dts|2014|3|25}}<ref name="ra-3.12">{{cite web|publisher=Gnome|date=March 25, 2014|url=https://git.gnome.org/browse/epiphany/tag/?id=3.12.0|title=Epiphany source code|access-date=March 31, 2014|archive-date=December 15, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215162657/https://gitlab.gnome.org/users/sign_in|url-status=live}}</ref>
| A major update version, including improved performance and user interface enhancements. Implemented a single process for each tab.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gnome.org/press/2014/03/gnome-3-12-released-with-new-features-for-users-and-developers/ |title=3.12 Released with New Features for Users and Developers |publisher=GNOME |date=March 26, 2014 |access-date=April 7, 2014 |archive-date=March 31, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331224622/http://www.gnome.org/press/2014/03/gnome-3-12-released-with-new-features-for-users-and-developers/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|3.14
| {{dts|2014|9|24}}<ref name="ra-3.14">{{cite web|publisher=Gnome|date=September 24, 2014|url=https://git.gnome.org/browse/epiphany/tree/NEWS/|title=epiphany – A simple, clean, beautiful view of the Web|access-date=October 14, 2014|archive-date=November 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105214021/https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/epiphany/-/blob/master/NEWS|url-status=live}}</ref>
| A minor update adding support blocking invalid SSL certificates, warning users about mixed content for improved security, adblocker performance improvements and overall small UI improvements and polishing.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://git.gnome.org/browse/epiphany/tree/NEWS/ |title=Epiphany 3.14 News file |publisher=GNOME |date=September 24, 2014 |access-date=October 14, 2014 |archive-date=November 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105214025/https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/epiphany/-/blob/master/NEWS |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|3.16
| {{dts|2015|3|23}}<ref name="gnome.org">{{cite web|url=https://git.gnome.org/browse/epiphany/refs/tags|title=epiphany – A simple, clean, beautiful view of the Web|access-date=December 3, 2015|archive-date=December 21, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221120550/https://git.gnome.org/browse/epiphany/refs/tags|url-status=live}}</ref>
|UI updated, fixes to improve incognito mode's privacy and discoverability.<ref name="gnome.org1">{{cite web|url=https://git.gnome.org/browse/epiphany/tree/NEWS/|title=epiphany – A simple, clean, beautiful view of the Web|access-date=December 3, 2015|archive-date=November 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105214021/https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/epiphany/-/blob/master/NEWS|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|3.18
| {{dts|2015|9|23}}<ref name="gnome.org"/>
|UI improvements. Enabled [[Do Not Track]] and the ad blocker by default.<ref name="gnome.org1"/>
|-
!scope="row"|3.20
| {{dts|2016|3|23}}<ref name="gnome.org"/>
|UI improvements. Session restore.
|-
!scope="row"|3.22
| {{dts|2016|9|21}}<ref name="gnome.org"/>
|UI improvements.
|-
!scope="row"|3.30
| {{dts|2018|9|6}}<ref name="ra-3.30" />
|Reader mode, others.
|-
!scope="row"|3.34
| {{dts|2019|9|12}}<ref name="gnome.org"/>
|Rewritten and improved ad blocker which uses WebKit's content filtering. Web process sandboxing for improved security. Favorite tabs can be pinned.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://help.gnome.org/misc/release-notes/3.34/index.html.en|title=GNOME 3.34 Release Notes|website=help.gnome.org|access-date=May 26, 2020|archive-date=June 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200602061700/https://help.gnome.org/misc/release-notes/3.34/index.html.en|url-status=live}}</ref> plug-in support removed.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|url=https://webkitgtk.org/2019/09/09/webkitgtk2.26.0-released.html|title=WebKitGTK 2.26.0 released! - The WebKitGTK Project|website=webkitgtk.org|access-date=September 29, 2019|archive-date=September 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929183407/https://webkitgtk.org/2019/09/09/webkitgtk2.26.0-released.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|3.36
| {{dts|2020|3|07}}<ref name="gnome.org"/>
|User interface improvements for small screens. Native support for [[PDF]] documents. Improved support for handling dark GTK themes. Native viewing of web page source. Removal of vestigial NPAPI support. Support for [[Progressive web application#Service workers|Service workers]]. More secure handling of cookies. Security improvements to better isolate sites from each other in a tab process.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://help.gnome.org/misc/release-notes/3.36/index.html.en|title=GNOME 3.36 Release Notes|website=help.gnome.org|access-date=May 26, 2020|archive-date=March 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321141105/https://help.gnome.org/misc/release-notes/3.36/index.html.en|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="blogs.gnome.org">{{Cite web|title=Epiphany 3.36 and WebKitGTK 2.28 – Michael Catanzaro|date=March 11, 2020 |url=https://blogs.gnome.org/mcatanzaro/2020/03/11/epiphany-3-36-and-webkitgtk-2-28/|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-26|archive-date=June 17, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617121742/https://blogs.gnome.org/mcatanzaro/2020/03/11/epiphany-3-36-and-webkitgtk-2-28/|url-status=live}}</ref> 
|-
!scope="row"|3.38
| {{dts|2020|9|16}}<ref name="gitlab.gnome"/>
|Intelligent Tracking Prevention added and enabled by default, and option added to turn off websites storing [[Web storage|local data]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Epiphany 3.38 and WebKitGTK 2.30 - Michael Catanzaro |date=September 16, 2020 |url=https://blogs.gnome.org/mcatanzaro/2020/09/16/epiphany-3-38-and-webkitgtk-2-30/ |access-date=June 21, 2021 |archive-date=August 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813081159/https://blogs.gnome.org/mcatanzaro/2020/09/16/epiphany-3-38-and-webkitgtk-2-30/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|40
| {{dts|2021|3|26}}<ref name="gitlab.gnome"/>
|New option for Google search suggestions, revamped tabs, and [[Google Safe Browsing]] disabled by default.
|}

== Features ==
[[File:GNOME Web 41 (released in 2021-09) — Preferences.png|thumb|The GNOME Web 41 preferences]]
[[File:Screenshot of tabs in GNOME Web.png|thumb|Tabs in GNOME Web]]

As a component of [[GNOME Core Applications]], it provides full integration with [[GNOME]] settings and other components like [[GNOME Keyring]] to securely store passwords, following the [[GNOME Human Interface Guidelines]] and the GNOME [[software stack]] to provide first-class support for the all new-adopted edge technologies such as [[Wayland (display server protocol)|Wayland]] and the latest major [[GTK]] versions,<ref name=FAQ /> multimedia support using [[GStreamer]], small package size (2.6MB)<ref name="Debian package"/> and very fast execution/startup time due to using shared components; other features include the ''reader mode'',<ref name=reader-mode-omg-ubuntu /> [[mouse gestures]], [[smart bookmarks]], praised [[web application]] integration mechanism,<ref name="makeuseof-5 Reasons"/> built-in [[ad blocking]], the "Insert Emoji" option in the [[context menu]] for quick and easy inserting of [[Emoji]] and ''[[Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs]]'' into the [[text box]]es, [[Google Safe Browsing]],<ref name="Google Safe Browsing"/> supports reading and saving [[MHTML]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/epiphany/-/blob/master/NEWS#L1316|title=NEWS · master · GNOME / Epiphany|access-date=May 27, 2020|archive-date=August 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801035317/https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/epiphany/-/blob/master/NEWS#L1316|url-status=live}}</ref> an archive format for web pages that combines all the files of web pages into only one single file; and consume fewer [[system resource]]s than the major cross-platform web browsers.{{Citation needed|date=March 2022}}

=== Web standards support ===
The underlying [[WebKit]] browser engine provides support for [[HTML 4]], [[XHTML]], [[CSS]] 1 and 2, most of [[HTML 5]] and CSS 3,<ref name="webkit-secsupport" /> and a [[Web Inspector]] (web development debugging tool).<ref name="webinspector" />

[[Encrypted Media Extensions]] support is not a goal, as the standard does not specify a Content Decryption Module to use, all available modules are proprietary even if licensing is possible, and the system imposes [[digital rights management]] that hides what the user's computer is doing to make copying "premium content" difficult. However, [[Media Source Extensions]] is supported, as [[YouTube]] began to require this technology in November 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|title=WebKitGTK+ 2.22.2 and 2.22.3, Media Source Extensions, and YouTube – Michael Catanzaro|date=November 2, 2018 |url=https://blogs.gnome.org/mcatanzaro/2018/11/02/webkitgtk-2-22-2-and-2-22-3-media-source-extensions-and-youtube/|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-26|archive-date=August 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801052541/https://blogs.gnome.org/mcatanzaro/2018/11/02/webkitgtk-2-22-2-and-2-22-3-media-source-extensions-and-youtube/|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Apple Inc.|Apple]], which is the primary corporate backer of WebKit, rejected at least 16 web APIs because they could be used in a [[device fingerprinting|fingerprinting]] attack to help personally identify users and track them, while providing limited or no benefit to the user.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Cimpanu|first=Catalin|title=Apple declined to implement 16 Web APIs in Safari due to privacy concerns|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/apple-declined-to-implement-16-web-apis-in-safari-due-to-privacy-concerns/|access-date=2020-06-29|website=ZDNet|language=en|archive-date=June 29, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629102118/https://www.zdnet.com/article/apple-declined-to-implement-16-web-apis-in-safari-due-to-privacy-concerns/|url-status=live}}</ref> As [[HTML5test]] checks for most of these APIs, it artificially lowers WebKit's "score" in points (as does lack of DRM support).{{Citation needed|date=March 2022}}

Web once supported [[NPAPI]] plug-ins, such as [[Java (programming language)|Java]] and [[Adobe Flash]], but support was removed in GNOME 3.34.<ref name="auto2"/> In the modern web platform, these have fallen out of favor and support has been removed from all major browsers. Flash has been deprecated by Adobe itself.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://techcrunch.com/2017/07/25/get-ready-to-say-goodbye-to-flash-in-2020/|title=Get ready to finally say goodbye to Flash — in 2020|date=July 25, 2017}}</ref> Flash had gained infamy throughout the years for usability and stability issues, incessant security vulnerabilities,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cvedetails.com/vulnerability-list.php?vendor_id=53&product_id=6761|title=Adobe Flash Player : List of security vulnerabilities|website=www.cvedetails.com|access-date=September 29, 2019|archive-date=August 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801080330/https://www.cvedetails.com/vulnerability-list.php?vendor_id=53&product_id=6761|url-status=live}}</ref> its proprietary nature, its ability to let sites deploy particularly obnoxious web ads,<ref name=flash-chrome-block /> and Adobe's poor and inconsistent Linux support.<ref name=flash-linux-support /> Many of these issues were raised by [[Steve Jobs]], then CEO of Apple, in his essay [[Thoughts on Flash]].<ref name=flash-jobs />

=== GNOME integration ===
[[File:GNOME Shell with GNOME Web in mobile form factor, 300% scaling (both in version 3.36).png|thumb|Support for phone and tablet form-factors was added in version 3.34]]

Web reuses GNOME frameworks and settings,<ref name="linux-non-geeks_book" /><ref name="fedora-10_book" /> including the user interface theme, network settings, and printing. Settings are stored with GSettings and GNOME default applications are used for [[internet media type]]s handling. The user configures these, centrally, in GNOME's settings app.

The built-in preference manager for Web presents basic browser-specific settings while advanced settings which could radically alter Web's behavior can be changed with utilities such as '''dconf''' (command line) and '''dconf-editor''' (graphical).<ref name="running-linux_book" />

Web follows the [[GNOME Human Interface Guidelines]] and platform-wide design decisions.<ref name="suse-unleashed_book" /> For example, in Web 3.4, the menu for application actions was moved to the [[GNOME Shell]]'s top panel application menu and the [[menu bar]] was replaced with "super menu" button, which triggers the display of window-specific menu entries.<ref name="ars-34_design" />

Since GNOME 3.32, Web can adjust to various form factors with the help of [[Libadwaita]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sneddon |first=Joey |date=2023-07-01 |title=Slick New Feature Added to GNOME's Web Browser |url=https://www.omglinux.com/epiphany-browser-slick-tab-overview/ |access-date=2024-09-13 |website=OMG! Linux |language=en-US}}</ref> It supports desktop, tablet and phone form factors. ("Narrow Mode").<ref name="modes">{{cite web |title=Work is Underway to Make the GNOME Web Browser Mobile Friendly |url=https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2018/05/gnome-web-browser-librem-5 |website=OMG! Ubuntu! |date=May 11, 2018 |access-date=8 May 2020 |quote="Web have two modes that I named normal and narrow. The normal mode is Web as you know it, while the narrow mode moves all buttons from the header bar but the hamburger menu to a new action bar at the bottom, letting the windows reach yet unreachable widths." |archive-date=August 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801025625/https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2018/05/gnome-web-browser-librem-5 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Ad blocking ===
Since GNOME 3.18, Web is configured to [[Ad blocking|block ads]] and pop-ups by default.<ref name="gnome.org1"/> In GNOME 3.34, the existing ad blocker was removed. This code was only partially functional and had been the source of many bugs. Web adopted the "Content Blockers" system from the WebKit engine.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/epiphany/-/issues/288|title=Port the adblocker to the Content Blockers API (#288) · Issues · GNOME / Epiphany|website=GitLab|date=November 9, 2015 |access-date=May 26, 2020|archive-date=August 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801044839/https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/epiphany/-/issues/288|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://webkit.org/blog/3476/content-blockers-first-look/|title=Introduction to WebKit Content Blockers|date=June 12, 2015|access-date=September 29, 2019|archive-date=September 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929191102/https://webkit.org/blog/3476/content-blockers-first-look/|url-status=live}}</ref>

One of the developers, Adrián Pérez de Castro, compared the old and new ad blockers. He found that the switch saved approximately 80 MiB of RAM per browser tab.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/epiphany/-/merge_requests/178|title=Use the new WebKit content filters API for the adblocker (!178) · Merge Requests · GNOME / Epiphany|website=GitLab|date=February 2019 |access-date=May 26, 2020|archive-date=August 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801031059/https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/epiphany/-/merge_requests/178|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Google Safe Browsing and security sandboxing ===
Since GNOME 3.28, Web has support for [[Google Safe Browsing]], to help prevent users from visiting malicious websites.<ref name="Google Safe Browsing">{{cite web|url=https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=Epiphany-3.27.1-Released|title=Epiphany 3.28 Development Kicks Off With Safe Browsing, Better Flatpak Handling – Phoronix|website=phoronix.com|access-date=April 9, 2018|archive-date=April 9, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180409043718/https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=Epiphany-3.27.1-Released|url-status=live}}</ref>

Since GNOME 3.34, Web explicitly requires a minimum of WebKitGTK 2.26 or later.<ref name="auto1"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/epiphany/commit/8c63e4b3c6f04f925c6339ba2fb416ddf21fdad8|title=Require WebKitGTK 2.26.0 (8c63e4b3) · Commits · GNOME / Epiphany|website=GitLab|date=September 13, 2019 |access-date=September 29, 2019|archive-date=September 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929183402/https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/epiphany/commit/8c63e4b3c6f04f925c6339ba2fb416ddf21fdad8|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="auto2"/> This provides the "Bubblewrap Sandbox"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lwn.net/Articles/686113/|title=Sandboxing for the unprivileged with bubblewrap [LWN.net]|website=lwn.net|access-date=September 29, 2019|archive-date=September 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929183358/https://lwn.net/Articles/686113/|url-status=live}}</ref> for tab processes, which is intended to prevent malicious websites from hijacking the browser and using it to spy on other tabs or run malicious code on the user's computer. If such code found another exploit in the operating system allowing it to become [[Superuser|root]], the result could be a disaster for all users of the system.

Making the sandbox a priority was brought on, according to Michael Catanzaro, because he was particularly concerned with the code quality of [[OpenJPEG]] and the numerous security problems that had been discovered in it, including many years of failing security reviews by Ubuntu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/openjpeg2/+bug/711061|title=Bug #711061 "[MIR] openjpeg2" : Bugs : openjpeg2 package : Ubuntu|website=bugs.launchpad.net|date=February 2011 |access-date=September 29, 2019|archive-date=September 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929211627/https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/%2Bsource/openjpeg2/%2Bbug/711061|url-status=live}}</ref> He further explained that web compatibility requires that sites believe that Web is a major browser. Sending them the [[user agent]] of [[Safari (web browser)|Apple Safari]] causes fewer broken websites than others (due to sharing the WebKit engine), but also causes caching servers to deliver [[JPEG 2000]] images,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=186272|title=186272 – [GTK][WPE] Support JPEG 2000 images|website=bugs.webkit.org|access-date=September 29, 2019|archive-date=August 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801035259/https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=186272|url-status=live}}</ref> of which Safari is the only major browser to support. There is no other usable open source option for JPEG 2000 support. Fixing OpenJPEG, which is the official [[reference software]], will be a massive undertaking that could take years to sort out. Enabling the Bubblewrap Sandbox would cause many vulnerabilities in this and other components to become "minimally useful" to potential attackers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blogs.gnome.org/mcatanzaro/2019/06/09/on-ubuntu-updates/|title=On Ubuntu Updates – Michael Catanzaro|date=June 9, 2019 |access-date=September 29, 2019|archive-date=June 24, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190624124815/https://blogs.gnome.org/mcatanzaro/2019/06/09/on-ubuntu-updates/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In GNOME 3.36, Web gained native support for PDF documents by using [[PDF.js]]. Michael Catanzaro explained that having websites open [[Evince]] to display PDF files was insecure, as it could be used to escape the browser's security sandbox. Since Evince was the last user of NPAPI, this allowed the remaining support code for the obsolete plug-in model (where additional vulnerabilities could be hiding) to be removed. Since the NPAPI support had a hard dependency on X11, moving to PDF.js also allowed that dependency to be dropped.<ref name="blogs.gnome.org"/>

Since PDF.js internally converts PDF documents so that they can be displayed by the web browser's engine, it does not add security vulnerabilities to the browser the way that compiled plug-ins such as [[Adobe Acrobat]] or Evince could.<ref name="blogs.gnome.org"/>

=== Bookmark management ===
[[File:GNOME Web 41 (released in 2021-09) — Bookmark management 01.png|thumb|Bookmark management of GNOME Web in version 41]]

While most browsers feature a hierarchical folder-based [[Internet bookmark|bookmark system]], Web uses categorized bookmarks, where a single bookmark (e.g. this page) can exist in multiple categories (such as "Web Browsers", "GNOME", and "Computer Software").<ref name="Wallen01Jul10" /> A special category includes bookmarks that have not yet been categorized. Bookmarks, along with browsing history, are accessed from the address bar in find-as-you-type manner.<ref name="epiphany-smart-bookmarks" />

==== Smart bookmarks ====
Another innovative concept supported by Web (though originally from [[Galeon]])<ref name="galeon-history_website" /> is "[[smart bookmarks]]". These take a single argument specified from the address bar, or from a textbox in a toolbar.<ref name="FSM" />

{{-}}

=== Web Application Mode ===
[[File:GNOME Web 3.36 application manager.png|thumb|GNOME Web 3.36 (March 2020) in "Web Application mode", showing the Wikipedia main page]]
{{main|Site-specific browser}}

Since GNOME 3.2, released in September 2011,<ref name="gnome32_rn"/> Web allows creating application launchers for [[web application]]s. The subsequent invocation of a launcher brings up a plain [[site-specific browser]] (single instance) of Web limited to one domain, with off-site links opening in a normal browser.<ref name="web-application-mode_devblog" /> The launcher created this way is accessible from the desktop and is not limited to [[GNOME Shell]]. For instance it may be used with [[Unity (user interface)|Unity]], used on [[Ubuntu (operating system)|Ubuntu]].<ref name="install-wam-ubuntu_3rd" /> This feature facilitates the integration of the desktop and [[World Wide Web]], which is a goal of Web's developers.<ref name="web-comes_devblog" /> Similar features can be found in the Windows version of [[Google Chrome]]. For the same purpose [[Mozilla Foundation]] previously developed a standalone application [[Mozilla Prism]], which was superseded by the project [[Chromeless]].<ref name="mozilla-chromeless" />

Web applications are managed within the browser's main instance. The applications can be deleted from the page, accessible with a [[about URI scheme|special URI]] '''about:applications'''. This approach was supposed to be a temporary while a centralized GNOME web application management was to be implemented in GNOME 3.4, but this never happened.<ref name="git_news" />

=== Firefox Sync ===
Since GNOME 3.26 and until GNOME 47, Web had support for Firefox Sync, which allowed users to sync their bookmarks, history, passwords, and open tabs with Firefox Sync, which could then be shared between any copy of Firefox or Web that the user signed into Firefox Sync with.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://blogs.gnome.org/mcatanzaro/2017/08/09/on-firefox-sync/|title=On Firefox Sync – Michael Catanzaro|website=blogs.gnome.org|date=August 9, 2017 |access-date=September 25, 2017|archive-date=September 25, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170925132346/https://blogs.gnome.org/mcatanzaro/2017/08/09/on-firefox-sync/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In GNOME 47, it was disabled because of Mozilla changing the way Firefox Sync worked.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Making sure you're not a bot! |url=https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/epiphany/-/issues/2337 |access-date=2025-05-05 |website=gitlab.gnome.org}}</ref>

=== Extensions === 
Web once supported extensions and a package was maintained containing the official ones. This was later removed due to problems with stability and maintainability.{{Citation needed|date=March 2022}}

Some popular extensions, such as [[ad blocking]], were moved to the core application.{{Citation needed|date=March 2022}}

The project has expressed an interest in implementing support for the [[WebExtension]] add-on format used by Chrome, Firefox, and some other major browsers, if interested contributors can be found.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Web/Docs/FrequentlyAskedQuestions#Does_Epiphany_support_extensions.3F|title=Apps/Web/Docs/FrequentlyAskedQuestions - GNOME Wiki!|website=wiki.gnome.org|access-date=January 5, 2019|archive-date=July 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717180810/https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Web/Docs/FrequentlyAskedQuestions#Does_Epiphany_support_extensions.3F|url-status=live}}</ref> Experimental support for WebExtensions was introduced in GNOME 43.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://debugpointnews.com/gnome-web-43-extension/|title=GNOME Web (Epiphany) Gets WebExtension Support, Coming in GNOME 43|website=DebugPoint NEWS|date=July 1, 2022|access-date=May 25, 2023}}</ref>

== Reception ==
[[File:Epiphany 2.26.1 - 3.2.0.png|thumb|right|Epiphany 2.26.1 (left) showing its larger [[user interface chrome]] area than in 3.2.0 (right)]]

In reviewing the WebKit-powered Epiphany 2.28 in September 2009, Ryan Paul of ''[[Ars Technica]]'' said "Epiphany is quite snappy in GNOME 2.28 and scores 100/100 on the [[Acid3]] test. Using WebKit will help differentiate Epiphany from Firefox, which is shipped as the default browser by most of the major Linux distributors."<ref name="ars_garden" />

In reviewing Epiphany 2.30 in July 2010, Jack Wallen described it as "efficient, but different" and noted its problem with crashes. "When I first started working with Epiphany it crashed on most sites I visited. After doing a little research (and then a little debugging) I realized the issue was with JavaScript. Epiphany (in its current release), for some strange reason, doesn't like JavaScript. The only way around this was to disable JavaScript. Yes this means a lot of features won't work on a lot of sites – but this also means those same sites will load faster and won't be so prone to having issues (like crashing my browser)."<ref name="Wallen01Jul10" /> Wallen concluded positively about the browser, "Although Epiphany hasn't fully replaced Chrome and Firefox as my one-stop-shop browser, I now use it much more than I would have previously.<ref name="Wallen01Jul10" /> [It has a] small footprint, fast startup, and clean interface."<ref name="Wallen01Jul10">{{Cite news|url = http://www.ghacks.net/2010/07/01/epiphany-an-efficient-but-different-web-browser/|title = Epiphany: An efficient, but different, web browser|access-date = March 24, 2011|last = Wallen|first = Jack|date = July 2010|work = Ghacks.net|archive-date = July 30, 2011|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110730154959/http://www.ghacks.net/2010/07/01/epiphany-an-efficient-but-different-web-browser/|url-status = live}}</ref>

In March 2011, Veronica Henry reviewed Epiphany 2.32, saying "To be fair, this would be a hard sell as a primary desktop browser for most users. In fact, there isn't even a setting to let you designate it as your default browser. But for those instance where you need to fire up a lightning-fast browser for quick surfing, Epiphany will do the trick."<ref name="Train09Mar11" /> She further noted, "Though I still use Firefox as my primary browser, lately it seems to run at a snail's pace. So, one of the first things I noticed about Epiphany is how quickly it launches. And subsequent page loads on my system are equally as fast."<ref name="Train09Mar11" /> Henry criticized Epiphany for its short list of extensions, singling out the lack of [[Firebug (software)|Firebug]] as a deficiency.<ref name="Train09Mar11" /> Web instead supports Web Inspector offered by the WebKit engine, which has similar functionality.<ref name="webinspector" />

In April 2012, Ryan Paul of ''Ars Technica'' used Web as an example to his criticism of GNOME 3.4 design decisions: "Aside from the poor initial discoverability of the panel menu, this model works reasonably well for simple applications. [...] Unfortunately, it doesn't scale well in complex applications. The best example of where this approach can pose difficulties is in GNOME's default Web browser. [...] Having the application's functionality split across two completely separate menus does not constitute a usability improvement."<ref name="ars-34_design" /> This was addressed in later versions, with a single unified menu.

In an October 2016 review, Bertel King Jr. noted on ''MakeUseOf'', "Later versions offer the best integration you will find with GNOME Shell. It lacks the add-ons found in mainstream browsers, but some users will like the minimalism, the speed, and the tab isolation that prevents one misbehaving site from crashing the entire browser."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/best-linux-software/|last=King|first=Bertel Jr.|title=The Best Linux Software|work=makeuseof.com|access-date=October 11, 2016|archive-date=October 10, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161010121008/http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/best-linux-software/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In an April 2019 review, Bertel King Jr. wrote another article on ''MakeUseOf'', this time reviewing GNOME Web for its Web Applications Mode. He stated, "When you check your email, you’re using a web app. If you open YouTube, Netflix, or Spotify in a browser, again, you’re using a web app. These days, you can replace most of your desktop apps with web apps. [...] GNOME Web provides tools to better integrate web apps with the rest of your desktop, so you can open them via your app launcher and view them in your dock or taskbar. This way they feel more like apps and less like sites." He also praised the security provided by walling off Web Applications from the rest of the browser and each other. Like Mozilla's container feature, this helps prevent sites such as Facebook from seeing what the user is doing in the main browser. It also allows the user to create multiple "apps" for the same site, to easily switch between different accounts.<ref name="makeuseof-5 Reasons">{{cite web |title=5 Reasons to Start Using GNOME Epiphany Web Apps |url=https://www.makeuseof.com/tag/epiphany-web-apps-integrate-web-desktop/ |website=makeuseof.com |access-date=June 13, 2019 |date=April 4, 2019 |archive-date=May 25, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190525202703/https://www.makeuseof.com/tag/epiphany-web-apps-integrate-web-desktop/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== See also ==
* {{slink|About URI scheme|GNOME Web}}
* [[Midori (web browser)|Midori]], another web browser formerly based on GTK and WebKitGTK
* [[List of web browsers for Unix and Unix-like operating systems]]
{{Portal bar|Free and open-source software|Linux|Internet}}

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}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|GNOME Web}}
* {{Official website}}
* [https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/epiphany/blob/master/NEWS complete change-log]
* [https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Web/Docs/FrequentlyAskedQuestions#What_about_Firefox_as_the_default_GNOME_browser.3F Firefox vs GNOME Web]
* [https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Web/Docs/FrequentlyAskedQuestions Frequently asked questions (FAQ)]

{{GNOME}}
{{Web browsers|Active}}
{{Timeline of web browsers|2000s}}
{{gopher clients}}
{{aggregators}}

[[Category:2002 software]]
[[Category:Free software programmed in C]]
[[Category:Free web browsers]]
[[Category:GNOME Core Applications]]
[[Category:MacOS web browsers]]
[[Category:POSIX web browsers]]
[[Category:Software based on WebKit]]
[[Category:Software forks]]
[[Category:Software that uses Meson]]
[[Category:Web browsers that use GTK]]