Editing GWR 3252 Class

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2018}}
{{Use British English|date=February 2018}}
{{Infobox Locomotive
| name = GWR 3252 ''Duke'' class
| powertype = Steam
| image = GWR 3258 King Arthur at Brent.jpg
| caption = 3258 ''King Arthur'' {{circa|1910}}
| designer = [[William Dean (engineer)|William Dean]]
| builder = GWR [[Swindon Works]]
| ordernumber = Lots 97, 101, 102, 105, 113
| serialnumber = 1431–1432, 1493–1510, 1531–1550, 1682–1701
| buildmodel = 
| builddate = 1895–1899
| totalproduction = 60
| rebuilder = 
| rebuilddate = 
| numberrebuilt = 
| whytetype = [[4-4-0]]
| uicclass = 2′B ht
| gauge = {{track gauge|ussg|allk=on}}
| leadingdiameter = {{convert|3|ft|8|in|m|3|abbr=on}}
| driverdiameter = {{convert|5|ft|8|in|m|3|abbr=on}}
| minimumcurve = 
| wheelbase = 
| length = 
| width = 
| height = 
| axleload = {{long ton|15|7}}<br/>({{convert|15|LT|7|Lcwt|t ST|1|abbr=on|disp=output only}}) full
| weightondrivers = 
| locoweight = {{long ton|46|0}}<br/>({{convert|46|LT|0|Lcwt|t ST|1|abbr=on|disp=output only}}) full
| tenderweight = {{long ton|24|0}}<br/>({{convert|24|LT|0|Lcwt|t ST|1|abbr=on|disp=output only}}) full
| locotenderweight = {{long ton|70|0}}<br/>({{convert|70|LT|0|Lcwt|t ST|1|abbr=on|disp=output only}}) full
| tendertype = 
| fueltype = [[Coal]]
| fuelcap = 
| watercap = 
| sandcap = 
| boiler = GWR Duke{{sfnb|Champ|2018|p=319}}
| boilerpressure = {{convert|160|lbf/in2|MPa|abbr=on}}<br/>{{convert|180|lbf/in2|MPa|abbr=on}}<br/>after refit
| firearea = 
| tubearea = {{convert|1285.58|sqft|m2|abbr=on}}
| fluearea = 
| tubesandflues = 
| fireboxarea = {{convert|115.27|sqft|m2|abbr=on}}
| totalsurface = 
| superheatertype = 
| superheaterarea = 
| cylindercount = Two, inside
| cylindersize = {{convert|18|x|26|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| valvegear = [[Stephenson valve gear|Stephenson]]
| valvetype = 
| valvetravel = 
| valvelap = 
| valvelead = 
| transmission = 
| maxspeed = 
| poweroutput = 
| tractiveeffort = 
| factorofadhesion = 
| trainheating = 
| locobrakes = 
| locobrakeforce = 
| trainbrakes = [[Vacuum brake|Vacuum]]
| safety = 
| operator = [[Great Western Railway|GWR]] » [[British Railways|BR]]
| operatorclass = 
| powerclass = 
| numinclass = 
| fleetnumbers = 
| officialname = 
| nicknames = 
| axleloadclass = 
| locale = 
| deliverydate = 
| firstrundate = 
| lastrundate = 
| withdrawndate = 1929–1951
| preservedunits = 
| restoredate = 
| scrapdate = 
| currentowner = 
| disposition = 20 rebuilt to ''Bulldogs'', 30 rebuilt to ''Dukedogs'', remainder scrapped
}}
The [[Great Western Railway]] '''3252''' or '''Duke''' Class were [[Whyte notation|4-4-0]] steam [[locomotive]]s with outside frames and parallel domed boilers.<ref name=OSN16>{{harvnb |Nock |1977 |p=16}}</ref> They were built in five batches between 1895 and 1899 for express passenger train work in Devon and Cornwall. [[William Dean (engineer)|William Dean]] was their designer, possibly with the collaboration of his assistant, [[George Jackson Churchward]].<ref name=OSN16/> Four prototype 4-4-0s, of the [[GWR 7 (Armstrong) Class|Armstrong Class]], had already been built in 1894.<ref name=OSN09>{{harvnb |Nock |1977 |p=9}}</ref>

==Design==
===Frames and wheels===
The outside frames of the Dukes were curved upwards over each pair of driving wheels. Inner and outer frames were {{convert|3/4|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} thick.<ref name=OSN78>{{harvnb |Nock |1977 |p=78}}</ref> The first 40 members of the class were fitted with Mansell pattern bogie wheels with wooden centres.<ref name=OSN17>{{harvnb |Nock |1977 |p=17}}</ref> The first 25 tenders built also had Mansell pattern wheels, and a shorter than normal wheelbase of {{convert|11|ft|m|2|abbr=on}} so that the locomotives would fit on the smaller turntables then in use west of Newton Abbot.<ref name=OSN17/> The engine bogie was of a centre-less type designed by Dean.<ref name=OSN27>{{harvnb |Nock |1977 |p=27}}</ref>

===Boilers===
The majority of the class were fitted with [[round-topped firebox]]es of the same diameter as the boiler. The last four were fitted with [[Belpaire firebox]]es, raised a few inches above the boilers.<ref name=OSN29>{{harvnb |Nock |1977 |p=29}}</ref> Eighteen of the Duke class were later rebuilt with domeless tapered boilers and Belpaire fireboxes between October 1906 and January 1909.<ref name=OSN77>{{harvnb |Nock |1977 |p=77}}</ref> They were reclassified as members of the [[GWR 3300 Class|Bulldog Class]]. A further Duke, no. 3273 ''Armorel'', had been fitted with a parallel domeless boiler in February 1902, converting it to a Camel Class locomotive. It was fitted with a Bulldog-type boiler in October 1910.<ref name=OSN77/> By December 1923 all remaining Dukes had been fitted with flush-topped Belpaire fireboxes and domed boilers pressed to {{convert|180|lbf/in2|MPa|abbr=on}}.<ref name=OSNb70>{{harvnb |Nock |1978 |p=70}}</ref> Duke no. 3258, ''King Arthur'', built August 1895, was fitted with a [[superheater]] in December 1896. The rest of the class, with the exception of two locomotives, were fitted with superheaters between August 1911 and September 1946.<ref name=OSNb87>{{harvnb |Nock |1978 |p=87}}</ref> The class had distinctive long smokeboxes, extended to hold a diaphragm plate and net for spark prevention.<ref name=OSN17/>

===Cylinders and valves===
[[Slide valves]] were fitted underneath the cylinders, and were driven directly by eccentrics on the leading driving axle through [[Stephenson valve gear]].<ref name=OSN27/><ref name=OSN10>{{harvnb |Nock |1977 |p=10}}</ref> This position had the advantage that, when the regulator was closed and steam pressure shut off, the valves would drop away from the steam ports, thus reducing wear on the valves and port faces. Dean's earlier designs had used slide valves mounted vertically between the cylinders; the new position allowed an increase in [[cylinder (engine)|cylinder]] [[Bore (engine)|diameter]] from {{convert|17|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} to {{convert|20|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} in the Armstrong Class.<ref name=OSN11>{{harvnb |Nock |1977 |p=11}}</ref> The Dukes had {{convert|18|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} diameter cylinders, possibly due to [[permanent way]] weight restrictions and a reduced supply of steam from the Dukes' smaller boilers.<ref name=OSN17/>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Table of orders and numbers{{sfnb|Allcock|Davies|le Fleming|Maskelyne|1968|p=28}}
! Year !! Quantity !! Lot No. !! Works No. !! Locomotive numbers !! Notes 
|-
| 1895 || {{0}}2 || {{0}}97 || 1431–1432 || 3252–3253 || align=left | 
|-
| 1895 || {{0}}8 || 101 || 1493–1500 || 3254–3261 || align=left | 
|-
| 1896 || 10 || 102 || 1501–1510 || 3262–3271 || align=left | 
|-
| 1896–97 || 20 || 105 || 1531–1550 || 3272–3291 || align=left | 
|-
| 1898–99 || 20 || 113 || 1682–1701 || 3312–3331 || align=left | 
|}

==Renumbering==
The Dukes were subject to the [[Locomotives of the Great Western Railway#1912 Renumbering|1912 renumbering]] of GWR 4-4-0 locomotives. Those Dukes rebuilt as Bulldogs were renumbered as members of that class in the series 3300–3455. The remaining Dukes were renumbered consecutively as 3252–3291, this block of numbers having previously been allocated to the first batch of Duke Class locomotives.

==Rebuilding==
By the 1930s many of the Duke class were becoming uneconomical to repair, particularly with regard to the curved outside frames, which were weaker than the later straight-topped version.<ref name=OSNb73>{{harvnb |Nock |1978 |p=73}}</ref> A number of the class had been transferred to the ex-[[Cambrian Railways]] main line, where permanent way restrictions debarred the use of heavier locomotives.<ref name=OSNb74>{{harvnb |Nock |1978 |p=74}}</ref>

In December 1929, no. 3265, ''Tre Pol and Pen'', was withdrawn, and the cylinders and motion, together with a spare Duke boiler and smokebox, were fitted to the straight-topped frames and cab of Bulldog no. 3365 ''Charles Grey Mott''. The rebuilt locomotive retained the name and number of the Duke. The reduction in axle weight, as compared to the Bulldogs, allowed for working over the Cambrian section.<ref name=OSNb74/>

From 1936 a further twenty-nine of the Dukes were withdrawn and replaced by Bulldogs fitted with Duke boilers and motion, reclassified as [[GWR 3200 Class|Earl Class]] locomotives.<ref name=OSN30>{{harvnb |Nock |1977 |p=30}}</ref> The onset of [[World War II]] brought a halt to the program, the last replacement being in November 1939, leaving ten Dukes to pass into [[British Railways]] ownership. These were scrapped between June 1949 and July 1951, the last survivor being No. 9089, formerly no. 3289 ''St Austell'' of July 1899.<ref name=OSNb75>{{harvnb |Nock |1978 |p=75}}</ref> 

==In fiction==
The fate of the Dukes are mentioned by Duck the Great Western Engine in the Reverend [[Wilbert Awdry]]'s children's book ''Very Old Engines''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Awdry |first1=W. |title=Very Old Engines |date=1992 |publisher=Heinemann |location=London |isbn=043492797X |pages=44–54}}</ref>

==Summary table==
{| class=wikitable
|-
! colspan="3" |Numbers
!colspan=2|Names
|-
! First
! Second
! Third
! First
! Second
|-
|align=center|3252
|align=center|3252
|align=center|[[GWR 3200 Class|Earl]] 3214
|[[Duke of Cornwall]]
|-
|align=center|3253
|align=center|[[GWR 3300 Class|Bulldog]] 3300
|
|[[Pendennis Castle]]
|-
|align=center|3254
|align=center|3253
|align=center|[[GWR 3200 Class|Earl]] 3223
|[[Viscount Falmouth|Boscawen]]
|-
|align=center|3255
|align=center|3254
|align=center|9054
|[[Cornwall|Cornubia]]
|-
|align=center|3256
|align=center|3255
|align=center|[[GWR 3200 Class|Earl]] 3205
|[[Excalibur]]
|-
|align=center|3257
|align=center|3256
|align=center|[[GWR 3200 Class|Earl]] 3228
|[[Guinevere]]
|-
|align=center|3258
|align=center|3257
|align=center|[[GWR 3200 Class|Earl]] 3213
|[[King Arthur]]
|''Denamed in 1927''
|-
|align=center|3259
|align=center|3258
|align=center|[[GWR 3200 Class|Earl]] 3217
|[[The Lizard|Lizard]]
|[[The Lizard]]
|-
|align=center|3260
|align=center|3259
|align=center|[[GWR 3200 Class|Earl]] 3221
|[[Merlin (wizard)|Merlin]]
|-
|align=center|3261
|align=center|3260
|align=center|[[GWR 3200 Class|Earl]] 3219
|[[Earl of Mount Edgcumbe|Mount Edgcumbe]]
|-
|align=center|3262
|align=center|[[GWR 3300 Class|Bulldog]] 3301
|
|[[Powderham Castle|Powderham]]
|-
|align=center|3263
|align=center|[[GWR 3300 Class|Bulldog]] 3302
|
|[[Lancelot|Sir Lancelot]]
|-
|align=center|3264
|align=center|[[GWR 3300 Class|Bulldog]] 3303
|
|[[Anthony the Great|St. Anthony]]
|-
|align=center|3265
|align=center|3261
|align=center|[[GWR 3200 Class|Earl]] 3212
|[[St Germans, Cornwall|St. Germans]]
|-
|align=center|3266
|align=center|3262
|align=center|[[GWR 3200 Class|Earl]] 3215
|[[St Ives, Cornwall|St. Ives]]
|-
|align=center|3267
|align=center|3263
|align=center|[[GWR 3200 Class|Earl]] 3201
|[[St Michael's Mount|St. Michael]]
|-
|align=center|3268
|align=center|[[GWR 3300 Class|Bulldog]] 3304
|
|[[River Tamar|Tamar]]
|[[River Tamar]]
|-
|align=center|3269
|align=center|[[GWR 3300 Class|Bulldog]] 3305
|
|[[Tintagel]]
|-
|align=center|3270
|align=center|3264
|align=center|9064
|[[Richard Trevithick|Trevithick]]
|-
|align=center|3271
|align=center|3265
|align=center|[[GWR 3200 Class|Earl]] 3265
|[[Tre Pol and Pen]]
|-
|align=center|3272
|align=center|3266
|align=center|[[GWR 3200 Class|Earl]] 3218
|[[Sir Amyas Leigh|Amyas]]
|-
|align=center|3273
|align=center|[[GWR 3300 Class|Bulldog]] 3306
|
|[[Armorel of Lyonesse|Armorel]]
|-
|align=center|3274
|align=center|3267
|align=center|[[GWR 3200 Class|Earl]] 3206
|[[Cornishman]]
|-
|align=center|3275
|align=center|3268
|align=center|[[GWR 3200 Class|Earl]] 3225
|[[Chough]]
|-
|align=center|3276
|align=center|3269
|align=center|[[GWR 3200 Class|Earl]] 3210
|[[Dartmoor]]
|-
|align=center|3277
|align=center|3270
|align=center|[[GWR 3200 Class|Earl]] 3226
|[[Earl of Devon]]
|''Denamed in 1930''
|-
|align=center|3278
|align=center|3271
|align=center|[[GWR 3200 Class|Earl]] 3204
|[[Eddystone Rocks|Eddystone]]
|-
|align=center|3279
|align=center|[[GWR 3300 Class|Bulldog]] 3307
|
|[[Exmoor]]
|-
|align=center|3280
|align=center|[[GWR 3300 Class|Bulldog]] 3308
|
|[[Falmouth, Cornwall|Falmouth]]
|-
|align=center|3281
|align=center|3272
|align=center|9072
|[[Fowey]]
|''Denamed in 1930''
|-
|align=center|3282
|align=center|[[GWR 3300 Class|Bulldog]] 3309
|
|[[Maristow]]e
|-
|align=center|3283
|align=center|3273
|align=center|9073
|[[Mount's Bay]]
|-
|align=center|3284
|align=center|3274
|align=center|[[GWR 3200 Class|Earl]] 3207
|[[Newquay]]
|''Denamed in 1930''
|-
|align=center|3285
|align=center|3275
|align=center|[[GWR 3200 Class|Earl]] 3203
|[[St Erth|St. Erth]]
|''Denamed in 1930''
|-
|align=center|3286
|align=center|[[GWR 3300 Class|Bulldog]] 3310
|
|[[St Just in Penwith|St. Just]]
|-
|align=center|3287
|align=center|3276
|align=center|9076
|[[St Agnes, Cornwall|St. Agnes]]
|''Denamed in 1930''
|-
|align=center|3288
|align=center|3277
|align=center|[[GWR 3200 Class|Earl]] 3209
|[[Tresco, Isles of Scilly|Tresco]]
|[[Tresco, Isles of Scilly|Isle of Tresco]]
|-
|align=center|3289
|align=center|3278
|align=center|[[GWR 3200 Class|Earl]] 3222
|[[Trefusis]]
|-
|align=center|3290
|align=center|3279
|align=center|[[GWR 3200 Class|Earl]] 3220
|[[Torbay]]
|[[Torbay|Tor Bay]]
|-
|align=center|3291
|align=center|3280
|align=center|[[GWR 3200 Class|Earl]] 3227
|[[Tregenna Castle|Tregenna]]
|''Denamed in 1930''
|-
|align=center|3312
|align=center|[[GWR 3300 Class|Bulldog]] 3311
|
|[[Bulldog]]
|-
|align=center|3313
|align=center|3281
|align=center|[[GWR 3200 Class|Earl]] 3211
|[[Cotswolds|Cotswold]]
|-
|align=center|3314
|align=center|3282
|align=center|[[GWR 3200 Class|Earl]] 3216
|[[Chepstow Castle]]
|''Denamed in 1930''
|-
|align=center|3315
|align=center|3283
|align=center|9083
|[[Comet]]
|-
|align=center|3316
|align=center|[[GWR 3300 Class|Bulldog]] 3312
|
|[[Guernsey]]
|[[Guernsey|Isle of Guernsey]]
|-
|align=center|3317
|align=center|3284
|align=center|9084
|[[Jersey]]
|[[Jersey|Isle of Jersey]]
|-
|align=center|3318
|align=center|[[GWR 3300 Class|Bulldog]] 3313
|
|[[Jupiter]]
|-
|align=center|3319
|align=center|3285
|align=center|[[GWR 3200 Class|Earl]] 3208
|[[Katerfelto]]
|-
|align=center|3320
|align=center|3286
|align=center|[[GWR 3200 Class|Earl]] 3202
|[[Meteor]]
|-
|align=center|3321
|align=center|3287
|align=center|9087
|Mercury
|-
|align=center|3322
|align=center|[[GWR 3300 Class|Bulldog]] 3314
|
|[[Mersey]]
|-
|align=center|3323
|align=center|3288
|align=center|[[GWR 3200 Class|Earl]] 3200
|[[Mendip Hills|Mendip]]
|-
|align=center|3324
|align=center|[[GWR 3300 Class|Bulldog]] 3315
|
|[[Quantock Hills|Quantock]]
|-
|align=center|3325
|align=center|[[GWR 3300 Class|Bulldog]] 3316
|
|[[St Columb Major|St. Columb]]
|-
|align=center|3326
|align=center|3289
|align=center|9089
|[[St Austell]]
|''Denamed in 1930''
|-
|align=center|3327
|align=center|[[GWR 3300 Class|Bulldog]] 3317
|
|[[Somerset]]
|-
|align=center|3328
|align=center|3290
|align=center|[[GWR 3200 Class|Earl]] 3224
|[[River Severn|Severn]]
|-
|align=center|3329
|align=center|3291
|align=center|9091
|[[River Thames|Thames]]
|-
|align=center|3330
|align=center|[[GWR 3300 Class|Bulldog]] 3318
|
|[[Vulcan (god)|Vulcan]]
|-
|align=center|3331
|align=center|[[GWR 3300 Class|Bulldog]] 3319
|
|[[Weymouth, Dorset|Weymouth]]
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

===Bibliography===
{{Portal|Cornwall|Devon}}
{{Commons category|GWR 3252 Class}}
{{Refbegin}}
*{{RCTS-LocosGWR-1|year=1968}}
*{{Cite book|last=Champ|first=Jim |title=An Introduction to Great Western Locomotive Development |year=2018|publisher=[[Pen and Sword Books|Pen & Sword Transport]] |isbn=978-1-4738-7784-9|location=Barnsley |oclc=1029234106 |ol=26953051M}}
*{{cite book
  |first=O.S. |last=Nock
  |authorlink=O.S. Nock
  |year=1977
  |title=Standard Gauge Great Western 4-4-0s Part 1 Inside Cylinder Classes 1894-1910
  |location=Newton Abbot
  |publisher=[[David & Charles]]
  |isbn=0-7153-7411-7
  }}
*{{cite book
  |first=O.S. |last=Nock
  |authorlink=O.S. Nock
  |year=1978
  |title=Standard Gauge Great Western 4-4-0s Part 2 Counties to the Close 1904-1961
  |location=Newton Abbot
  |publisher=[[David & Charles]]
  |isbn=0-7153-7684-5
  }}
{{Refend}}
{{GWR Locomotives}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gwr 3252 Class}}
[[Category:Great Western Railway locomotives|3252]]
[[Category:4-4-0 locomotives]]
[[Category:2′B n2 locomotives]]
[[Category:2′B h2 locomotives]]
[[Category:Scrapped locomotives]]
[[Category:Standard-gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain]]
[[Category:Railway locomotives introduced in 1895]]
[[Category:Passenger locomotives]]