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GWR 3700 Class
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{{Short description|Class of two-cylinder 4-4-0 locomotives}} {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2018}} {{Use British English|date=February 2018}} {{Infobox locomotive | name = 3700 "City" class | powertype = Steam | image = GWR_3700_-_GWR_3710.jpg | caption = 3433 ''City of Bath'' in 1909 | designer = [[George Jackson Churchward]] | builder = GWR [[Swindon Works]] | builddate = 1903 | ordernumber = Lot 141 | serialnumber = 1993β2002 | totalproduction = 10 new + 10 rebuilt from Atbara class | rebuilder = Swindon Works | rebuilddate = 1902β1909 | numberrebuilt = | whytetype = {{whyte|4-4-0}} | uicclass = 2β²B n2, later 2β²B h2 | gauge = {{track gauge|ussg}} | leadingdiameter = {{convert|3|ft|2|in|m|3|abbr=on}} | driverdiameter = {{convert|6|ft|8+1/2|in|m|3|abbr=on}} | wheelbase = {{convert|8|ft|1/2|in|m|3|abbr=on}} | length = | width = | height = | axleload = | weightondrivers = | locoweight = {{long ton|55|6}} | locotenderweight = {{long ton|92|1}} | fueltype = [[Coal]] | fuelcap = 5 tons | watercap = {{convert|3600|impgal|abbr=on}} | boiler = GWR Standard No. 4 | cylindercount = Two, inside | cylindersize = {{convert|18|x|26|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} | valvegear = [[Stephenson valve gear]] | valvetype = [[Slide valves]] | maxspeed = {{convert|100|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} | tractiveeffort = {{convert|17800|lbf|kN|1|abbr=on}} | factorofadhesion = 8.50 | locobrakes = [[Steam brake|Steam]] | trainbrakes = [[Vacuum brake|Vacuum]] | operator = [[Great Western Railway|GWR]] | operatorclass = 3700 | powerclass = [[Great Western Railway Power Classification|GWR: A]] | axleloadclass = [[Great Western Railway Weight Classification|GWR: Blue]] | numinclass = 20 | fleetnumbers = {{ubl|(until 1912) 3400β3409, 3433β3442|(from 1912) 3700β3719}} | officialname = City Class | nicknames = | locale = | deliverydate = | firstrundate = | lastrundate = | withdrawndate = October 1927 - May 1931 | restoredate = | scrapdate = | currentowner = | disposition = One preserved, remainder scrapped }} The [[Great Western Railway]] '''3700 Class''', or '''City Class''', was a series of twenty [[Whyte notation|4-4-0]] steam [[locomotive]]s, designed for hauling express passenger trains. ==Construction== In September 1902 a member of the [[GWR 4100 Class#Atbara class|Atbara Class]], no. 3405 ''Mauritius'', was reboilered with a tapered domeless boiler and [[Belpaire firebox]]. The locomotive was the first GWR 4-4-0 to be fitted with a tapered boiler; the boiler became the prototype for [[George Jackson Churchward|Churchward's]] Standard No. 4 boiler.<ref name=OSNa58>{{harvnb |Nock |1977 |p=58}}</ref> In March 1903 the first of the City Class, no. 3433 ''City of Bath'', was completed.<ref name=OSNa59>{{harvnb |Nock |1977 |p=59}}</ref> It was fitted with the final form of the Standard No.4 boiler, with slightly curved sides and a tapered top to the firebox. Another nine locomotives were completed in May 1903.<ref name=OSNa59/> Between February 1907 and December 1908, nine Atbaras were rebuilt with this boiler and incorporated into the City Class.<ref name=OSNb89>{{harvnb |Nock |1978 |p=89}}</ref> All members of the class were withdrawn between October 1927 and May 1931.<ref name=OSNb89/><ref>{{Harvnb|Casserley|1966|p=50}}</ref> == Details == {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" |+Locomotives rebuilt from ''Atbara'' Class |- !First No !Second No !Name !Built ||Rebuilt !Withdrawn !Notes |- |3400 |3700 |''[[Durban]]'' |Aug 1901 ||Apr 1907 |Nov 1929 | |- |3401 |3701 |''[[Gibraltar]]'' |Aug 1901 ||Feb 1907 |Aug 1928 | |- |3402 |3702 |''[[City of Halifax|Halifax]]'' |Aug 1901 ||Dec 1908 |Apr 1929 | |- |3403 |3703 |''[[Hobart]]'' |Sep 1901 ||Feb 1909 |Aug 1929 | |- |3404 |3704 |''[[Lyttelton, New Zealand|Lyttleton]]'' |Sep 1901 ||Oct 1907 |Sep 1928 |Renamed ''Lyttelton'' in June 1920 |- |3405 |3705 |''[[Mauritius]]'' |Sep 1901 ||Sep 1902 |Sep 1928 | |- |3406 |3706 |''[[Melbourne]]'' |Sep 1901 ||Jan 1908 |Jun 1929 | |- |3407 |3707 |''[[Malta]]'' |Sep 1901 ||Nov 1908 |Apr 1929 | |- |3408 |3708 |''[[Ophir]]'' |Oct 1901 ||May 1907 |Oct 1929 |Renamed ''[[Killarney]]'' in September 1907 |- |3409 |3709 |''[[Quebec]]'' |Oct 1901 ||Nov 1907 |Sep 1929 | |} {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" |+Locomotives built new as ''City'' Class <ref group=notes>All built on Lot 141, serial numbers 1993 to 2002</ref>{{sfnb|Allcock|Davies|le Fleming|Maskelyne|1968|p=29}} |- !First No !Second No !Name !Built !Withdrawn !Notes |- |3433 |3710 |''[[City of Bath]]'' |Mar 1903 |Sep 1928 | |- |3434 |3711 |''[[Birmingham|City of Birmingham]]'' |May 1903 |Jul 1930 | |- |3435 |3712 |''[[City of Bristol]]'' |May 1903 |May 1931 |Last to be withdrawn |- |3436 |3713 |''[[Chester|City of Chester]]'' |May 1903 |Dec 1929 | |- |3437 |3714 |''[[Gloucester|City of Gloucester]]'' |May 1903 |Nov 1929 | |- |3438 |3715 |''[[Hereford|City of Hereford]]'' |May 1903 |Oct 1929 | |- |3439 |3716 |''[[City of London]]'' |May 1903 |Apr 1929 | |- |[[GWR 3700 Class 3440 City of Truro|3440]] |3717 |''[[Truro|City of Truro]]'' |May 1903 |Mar 1931 |[[Historic preservation|Preserved]] |- |3441 |3718 |''[[Winchester, Hampshire|City of Winchester]]'' |May 1903 |Oct 1927 |First to be withdrawn |- |3442 |3719 |''[[Worcester, England|City of Worcester]]'' |May 1903 |Apr 1929 |Renamed ''[[Exeter|City of Exeter]]'' |} ==Modifications== Superheating of the boiler was first applied to no. 3702, ''Halifax'' in June 1910. All of the class had been fitted with superheaters by 1912.<ref name=OSNb35>{{harvnb |Nock |1978 |p=35}}</ref> Boiler feed was originally by [[Check valve|clack valves]] fitted to the underside of the barrel.<ref name=OSNb37>{{harvnb |Nock |1978 |p=37}}</ref> [[Top feed]] was introduced in 1912 and new cast iron chimneys in 1921. The slide valves were replaced by {{convert|8|in|cm|1|abbr=on}} semi-plug piston valves from 1914.<ref name=OSNb35/> All the engines were fitted with steam reversing gear but only a few, including no. 3716 ''City of London'', had the gear replaced by the [[Reversing gear|screw reverse]]. The Dean suspension bogie was replaced by a bogie developed from the type used on the [[GWR 102 La France|de Glehn]] Atlantics.<ref name=OSNa81>{{harvnb |Nock |1977 |p=81}}</ref> Four retained the Dean bogies until withdrawal.{{cn|date=July 2023}} ==Accidents and incidents== *On 8 August 1913, locomotive No. 3710 ''City of Bath'' overran signals and was in a rear-end collision with a passenger train at {{rws|Yeovil Pen Mill}} station, [[Somerset]]. Two people were killed.<ref name=Hoole4>{{cite book |last=Hoole |first=Ken |authorlink=Ken Hoole |title=Trains in Trouble: Vol. 4 |year=1983 |publisher=Atlantic Books |location=Truro |isbn=0-906899-07-9 |page=17 }}</ref> ==City of Truro== [[File:3440 City of Truro nameplate.jpg|thumb|right|"City of Truro" nameplate and worksplate recording the loco was the 2000th to be built at Swindon in April 1903. Plymouth North Road December 2004]] The most famous locomotive in the class, '''[[GWR 3700 Class 3440 City of Truro|3440 ''City of Truro'']]''' (later renumbered 3717), is reputedly the first steam locomotive to travel in excess of 100 mph, on 9 May 1904.<ref name=OSNa73>{{Harvnb|Nock|1978|p=73}}</ref><ref group="notes" >A US record was twice claimed, although not officially timed, for the inaugural run of the ''[[Empire State Express#Empire State Express No. 999|Empire State Express]]'' in 1893. A speed of 102 mph, then 112 on the next day, timed as 35 and 32 seconds across a mile, was claimed.</ref> It was the 2000th locomotive to be built at Swindon, leaving the works in April 1903.<ref>{{Harvnb|Fox|1993|p=9}}</ref> ==Withdrawal== Withdrawal of the class began in 1927 with 3718 City of Winchester which was withdrawn in October 1927, the engines working life being only just over 24 years. Regular withdrawal of the class began in August of the following year and by July 1930 only two engines were left in service on the GWR, these being 3712 City of Bristol and 3717 City of Truro. 3717 was the first of the final two engines to be withdrawn as it was withdrawn in March 1931 & 3712 followed two months later in May of the same year. Only one member of the class has survived into preservation, this being 3440/3717 City of Truro. {|class="wikitable" style=text-align:center |+ Table of withdrawals ! Year !! Quantity in<br/>service at<br/>start of year !! Number withdrawn !! Quantity<br/>withdrawn !! Locomotive numbers |- | 1927 || 20 || 1 || 1 || align=left | 3718 |- | 1928 || 19 || 4 || 5 || align=left | 3701/04/05/10 |- | 1929 || 15 || 12 || 17 || align=left | 3700/02β03/06β09/13β16/19 |- | 1930 || 3 || 1 || 18 || align=left | 3711 |- | 1931 || 2 || 2 || 20 || align=left | 3712/17 |- |} ==Preservation== Historically significant because of its famed 1904 run, ''City of Truro'' was a prime candidate for preservation, whereas the rest of the class were scrapped. It is owned by the [[National Railway Museum]], [[York]]. It was last restored to full working order in 2004 and, as of 2009, was frequently loaned for operation on UK main lines and [[heritage railway]]s. As of 2021, 'City of Truro' is on static display. ==List of Locomotives== This class were subject to the [[GWR locomotive numbering and classification#1912 Renumbering|1912 renumbering]] of GWR 4-4-0 locomotives, which saw the Bulldog class gathered together in the series 3300β3455, and other types renumbered out of that series. The City Class took numbers 3700β3719, previously used by Bulldog locomotives.<ref name=OSNb39>{{harvnb |Nock |1978 |p=39}}</ref> {| class=wikitable !colspan=2 align=center|Numbers !colspan=2 align=center|Name |- !width="90" align=center|First !width="90" align=center|Second (1912) !width="110" align=center|First !width="110" align=center|Second |- |align=center|3400 |align=center|3700 |[[Durban]] | |- |align=center|3401 |align=center|3701 |[[Gibraltar]] | |- |align=center|3402 |align=center|3702 |[[City of Halifax|Halifax]] | |- |align=center|3403 |align=center|3703 |[[Hobart]] | |- |align=center|3404 |align=center|3704 |[[Lyttelton, New Zealand|Lyttelton]] | |- |align=center|3405 |align=center|3705 |[[Mauritius]] | |- |align=center|3406 |align=center|3706 |[[Melbourne]] | |- |align=center|3407 |align=center|3707 |[[Malta]] | |- |align=center|3408 |align=center|3708 |[[Ophir]] |[[Killarney]] |- |align=center|3409 |align=center|3709 |[[Quebec]] | |- |align=center|3433 |align=center|3710 |[[City of Bath]] | |- |align=center|3434 |align=center|3711 |[[Birmingham|City of Birmingham]] | |- |align=center|3435 |align=center|3712 |[[City of Bristol]] | |- |align=center|3436 |align=center|3713 |[[Chester|City of Chester]] | |- |align=center|3437 |align=center|3714 |[[Gloucester|City of Gloucester]] | |- |align=center|3438 |align=center|3715 |[[Hereford|City of Hereford]] | |- |align=center|3439 |align=center|3716 |[[City of London]] | |- |align=center|[[GWR 3700 Class 3440 City of Truro|3440]] |align=center|[[GWR 3700 Class 3440 City of Truro|3717]] |[[Truro|City of Truro]] | |- |align=center|3441 |align=center|3718 |[[Winchester, Hampshire|City of Winchester]] | |- |align=center|3442 |align=center|3719 |[[Worcester, England|City of Worcester]] |[[Exeter|City of Exeter]] |- |} ==Models== [[Bachmann Branchline]] manufacture a model of ''City of Truro'' in [[OO gauge]] for sale through the [[National Railway Museum]]. In December 2014 [[Bachmann Branchline]] launched a commemorative [[World War I]] Ambulance Train pack. The train pack contains a model of 3711 ''City of Birmingham'' in World War I khaki livery, three Midland coaches in crimson lake and six World War I figures. In the early 1960s there was a Kitmaster OO scale (1:76) plastic construction kit to build a model of 3440 City of Truro, which was later produced by Airfix and now DAPOL. == References == {{Commons category|GWR 3700 Class}} ;Notes {{Reflist|group=notes}} {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} ;Bibliography {{Refbegin}} *{{RCTS-LocosGWR-1|year=1968}} *{{cite book|last=Casserley|first=H.C.|title=Locomotives at the Grouping - No. 4 - Great Western Railway|year=1966|publisher=Ian Allan Limited }} *{{cite book|last=Fox|first=Peter|title=Preserved Locomotives of British Railways|year=1993|publisher=Platform 5 Publishing Limited|isbn=1-872524-54-0 }} *{{cite book |first=O.S. |last=Nock |year=1977 |title=Standard Gauge Great Western 4-4-0s Part 1 Inside Cylinder Classes 1894-1910 |location=Newton Abbot |publisher=David & Charles |isbn=0-7153-7411-7 }} *{{cite book |first=O.S. |last=Nock |year=1978 |title=Standard Gauge Great Western 4-4-0s Part 2 Counties to the Close 1904-1961 |location=Newton Abbot |publisher=David & Charles |isbn=0-7153-7684-5 }} {{Refend}} {{GWR Locomotives}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Great Western Railway locomotives|3700]] [[Category:4-4-0 locomotives]] [[Category:2β²B n2 locomotives]] [[Category:2β²B h2 locomotives]] [[Category:Railway locomotives introduced in 1902]] [[Category:Standard-gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain]] [[Category:Passenger locomotives]]
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