Editing GWR 4000 Class

{{Short description|Class of four-cylinder 4-6-0 locomotives}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2018}}
{{Use British English|date=February 2018}}
{{Infobox locomotive
| name = Great Western Railway 4000 ''Star'' class
| image = GWR 4000.png
| alt = 
| caption = 4054 ''Princess Charlotte''
| powertype = Steam
| designer = [[George Jackson Churchward]]
| builder = [[Great Western Railway|GWR]] [[Swindon Works]]
| ordernumber = Lots 161, 168, 173, 178, 180, 195, 199, 217
| serialnumber = 
| buildmodel = 
| builddate = 1906–1923
| totalproduction = 73
| rebuilder = 
| rebuilddate = 
| numberrebuilt = 
| whytetype = [[4-6-0]] (prototype built as [[4-4-2 (locomotive)|4-4-2]] but rebuilt to 4-6-0 1909).
| uicclass = 2′C h4
| driver = <!-- e.g. 1st, 2nd  or 3rd coupled axle -->
| gauge = {{Track gauge|uksg|allk=on}}
| leadingdiameter = {{convert|3|ft|2|in|m|3|abbr=on}}
| driverdiameter = {{convert|6|ft|8+1/2|in|m|3|abbr=on}}
| trailingdiameter = {{convert|4|ft|1+1/2|in|m|3|abbr=on}} (4-4-2 only)
| tenderdiameter = <!-- tender wheel diameter -->
| minimumcurve = 
| wheelbase = ''Loco:'' {{convert|27|ft|3|in|m|2|abbr=on}}
| engine total = 
| leading = 
| drivers = <!-- USA terminology -->
| coupled = <!-- British terminology -->
| trailing = 
| tender total = 
| tendertruck = <!-- USA terminology -->
| tenderbogie = <!-- British terminology -->
| pivotcentres = <!-- Garratts, diesels and electrics -->
| wheelspacing = <!-- coupled wheels with asymmetrical wheel spacing -->
| length = 
| over couplers = 
| over bufferbeams = 
| width = 
| height = 
| frametype = 
| axleload = 
| leadingbogie/pony = <!-- load on leading bogie or pony wheel -->
| coupled all = <!-- when the load on all coupled wheels are the same -->
| coupled 1 = <!-- load on 1st coupled wheel -->
| coupled 2 = <!-- load on 2nd coupled wheel -->
| coupled 3 = <!-- etc. -->
| trail bogie/pony = <!-- load on trailing bogie or pony wheel -->
| tenderbogieload = <!-- load per tender bogie, use "Truck 1:<br/>Bogie 2:" if different -->
| tenderaxle = <!-- use "Axle 1:", etc with "<br/>" for line breaks -->
| weightondrivers = 
| locoweight = {{convert|75.8|LT|t ST}}
| tenderweight = {{convert|40|LT|t ST}}
| locotenderweight = 
| tendertype = 
| fueltype = 
| fuelcap = 
| watercap = {{convert|3500|or|4000|impgal|abbr=on}}
| tendercap = 
| sandcap = 
| fireboxtype = <!-- Round-top, Belpaire, combustion chamber, etc. -->
| firearea = {{convert|27.1|sqft|m2|abbr=on}}
| boiler = GWR Standard No. 1 (with variations)
| boilertype = <!-- Domeless, etc -->
| pitch = <!-- height of boiler centreline above the railhead -->
| diameterinside = 
| lengthinside = <!-- distance between tube plates -->
| smalltubediameter = <!-- number of boiler tubes and their outside diameter -->
| largetubediameter = <!-- number of larger tubes (flues), if any, and their outside diameter -->
| boilerpressure = {{convert|225|psi|MPa|2|abbr=on|lk=on}}
| safetyvalvetype = <!-- Salter spring balance, Ramsbottom, Pop, etc. -->
| feedwaterheater = 
| totalsurface = 
| tubearea = {{convert|1686.6|sqft|m2|abbr=on}}
| archarea = 
| fluearea = 
| tubesandflues = 
| fireboxarea = {{convert|154.8|sqft|m2|abbr=on}}
| superheatertype = "Swindon No. 3"
| superheaterarea = 
| cylindercount = 4, (2 outside, 2 inside)
| cylindersize = {{convert|14+1/4|x|26|in|mm|0|abbr=on|lk=on}} -<br/> {{convert|15|x|26|in|mm|0|abbr=on|lk=on}}
| valvegear = [[Walschaerts valve gear|Walschaerts]] inside
| valvetype = [[Piston valve (locomotive)|Piston valves]]
| valvetravel = 
| valvelap = 
| valvelead = 
| transmission = 
| trainheating = 
| locobrakes = 
| locobrakeforce = 
| trainbrakes = 
| safety = 
| coupling = 
| maxspeed = 
| poweroutput = 
| tractiveeffort = {{convert|25090|lbf|kN|2|abbr=on}} - {{convert|27800|lbf|kN|2|abbr=on}}
| factorofadhesion = 
| operator = {{ubl|[[Great Western Railway]]| [[British Railways]]}}
| operatorclass = 4000 or ''Star''
| powerclass = {{ubl|[[Great Western Railway Power Classification|GWR: D]]|BR: 5P}}
| numinclass = 
| fleetnumbers = 4000–4072
| officialname = 
| nicknames = 
| axleloadclass = [[Great Western Railway Weight Classification|GWR: Red]]
| locale = 
| deliverydate = 
| firstrundate = 
| lastrundate = 
| retiredate = 
| withdrawndate = 1926–1957
| preservedunits = 
| restoredate = 
| scrapdate = 
| currentowner = 
| disposition = 15 rebuilt as [[GWR 4073 Class|Castle]] class, 1 preserved, remainder [[scrap]]ped.
| notes = 
}}
The [[Great Western Railway]] '''4000''' or '''Star''' were a class of 4-cylinder [[4-6-0]] passenger [[steam locomotive]]s designed by [[George Jackson Churchward]] for the [[Great Western Railway]] (GWR) in 1906 and introduced from early 1907. The prototype was built as a [[4-4-2 (locomotive)|4-4-2]] Atlantic (but converted to 4-6-0 during 1909). They proved to be a successful design which handled the heaviest long-distance express trains, reaching top speeds of 90&nbsp;mph (145&nbsp;km/h), and established the design principles for GWR 4-cylinder classes over the next twenty-five years.<ref>{{cite book |title=Train: The Definitive Visual History |date=2014 |publisher=DK Publishing |isbn=978-1465436580 |page=97 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LrWBBAAAQBAJ |access-date=2 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Waters |first=Laurence |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Great_Western_Star_Class_Locomotives/pE2uDQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0 |title=Great Western Star Class Locomotives |publisher=Pen and Sword |year=2017 |isbn=9781473871045}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Wragg |first=David |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_GWR_Handbook/pGAvDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0 |title=The GWR Handbook: The Great Western Railway 1923-47 |publisher=History Press |year=2017 |isbn=9780750985420}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Jackson |first=Allen |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Great_Western_Railway_Stars_Castles_and/Si53DwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0 |title=Great Western Railway Stars, Castles and Kings |publisher=Crowood Press |year=2018 |isbn=9781785004827}}</ref>

==Background==
After finally converting the last broad gauge lines in 1892, the GWR began a period of modernisation as new cut-off lines shortened its routes to west of England, South Wales and Birmingham. During the first decade of the twentieth century, the new [[Chief Mechanical Engineer]], [[George Jackson Churchward]] designed or acquired a number of experimental locomotives with different wheel arrangements and boiler designs to help him plan for the future motive power needs of the railway.<ref name=Nock1980>{{harvnb |Nock |1980 |p=11}}</ref> Following the success of the prototypes of his two-cylinder [[GWR 2900 Class|Saint class]] 4-6-0 locomotives, introduced in 1902, Churchward became interested in developing a more powerful 4-cylinder type for the longer non-stop express services. He therefore persuaded the GWR to acquire three French 4-cylinder 4-4-2 [[compound locomotive]]s, [[GWR 102 La France|102 La France]] (1904) and [[GWR 103 President|103 President and 104 Alliance]] (both 1905) for comparison purposes.

==Prototype==
[[File:GWR 4000 Class No 40 4-4-2.jpg|thumb|left|Star class prototype No. 40 as built as a 4-4-2]]
In addition to acquiring the French compound locomotives Churchward built and tested his own prototype 4-cylinder locomotive [[compound locomotive|simple-expansion locomotive]], No. 40 North Star in 1906. As with some early members of the [[GWR 2900 Class|Saint class]] it was built as a 4-4-2 but designed so that it could easily be converted to a 4-6-0. It was completed at the [[Swindon Works]] of the GWR (Lot 161) in April 1906.<ref name=RCTS1>{{harvnb|le Fleming|1953 |p=H6}}</ref> It was numbered 40 and later that year was named 'North Star'. In November 1909 it was converted to 4-6-0. 

The new design incorporated many ideas from [[GWR 102 La France|the French locomotives]], in particular the four-cylinder layout, with the inside cylinders placed forward under the smokebox and the outside cylinders placed far back, in line with the rear wheels of the bogie; from this followed the [[divided drive (locomotive)|divided drive]] with the outside cylinders connected to the second set of driving wheels whilst the inside cylinders were connected to the front set of driving wheels.<ref name=Nock154>{{harvnb |Nock |1983 |p=154}}</ref> The valve gear was an unusual design, called scissors gear, which eschewed the use of eccentrics, but was basically a variation on Walschaerts gear. The prototype locomotive was rebuilt as a member of the Castle Class in November 1929.

==Production series==
During initial trials the prototype proved to be largely successful although [[Charles Rous-Marten]] commented that 'there were indications that with heavier loads, and less favourable weather, greater adhesion would be needed.'<ref name=Nock1>{{harvnb |Nock |1980 |p=29}}</ref> The production series were therefore all built with a 4-6-0 wheel arrangement. They also had inside Walschaerts valve gear rather than the scissors gear.<ref name=RCTS2>{{harvnb|le Fleming|1953 |p=H7}}</ref> Seven series of what would later be known as 'Star Class' locomotives built between 1907 and 1923 each of which contained detailed differences from the others

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+ Table of orders and numbers{{sfnb|Allcock|Davies|le Fleming|Maskelyne|1968|pp=30–32}}
! Year !! Quantity !! Lot No. !! Works Nos. !! Locomotive numbers !! Notes
|-
| 1906 || 1 || 161 || 2168 || 40 || align-left | Built as 4-4-2; rebuilt to 4-6-0 in 1909; renumbered 4000 in 1912
|-
| 1907 || 10 || 168 || 2229–2238 || 4001–4010 || align=left | Star series
|-
| 1908 || 10 || 173 || 2300–2309 || 4011–4020 || align=left | Knight series
|-
| 1909 || 10 || 178 || 2365–2374 || 4021–4030 || align=left | King series (Monarch series from 1927)
|-
| 1910–11 || 10 || 180 || 2380–2389 || 4031–4040 || align=left | Queen series
|-
| 1913 || 5 || 195 || 2536–2540 || 4041–4045 || align=left | Prince series
|-
| 1914 || 15 || 199 || 2572–2586 || 4046–4060 || align=left | Princess series
|-
| 1922–23 || 12 || 217 || 2919–2926 || 4061–4072 || align=left | Abbey series
|}

===Star series===
[[File:Lode Star GWR 4-6-0.JPG|thumb|First series No. 4003 Lode Star, at [[Tyseley Locomotive Works]]]]
The first series of ten locomotives were built at Swindon in 1907 (Lot 168) numbered 4001–4010 and named after well-known Stars, perpetuating the names of the earlier broad gauge [[GWR Star Class]] of 1838.<ref name=RCTS2 /> All except for No. 4010 Western Star were built without [[superheater]]s. No. 4010 received a 'Swindon No. 1' superheater and the remainder received superheated boilers between August 1909 and October 1912. No. 4009 Shooting Star was rebuilt as a member of the Castle Class in April 1925. The surviving members of the series were withdrawn 1932–1951, although No. 4003 ''Lode Star'' was preserved.

===Knight series===
A second series of ten similar locomotives appeared in 1908 (Swindon Lot 173), with improved bogies, numbered 4011–4020 and named after historical knights. Nos. 4011 was built with a Swindon No. 1 [[superheater]], the remainder were fitted with the standard No.3 superheater between 1909 and 1911.<ref name=RCTS2 /> They were withdrawn between 1932 and 1951.

===King series===
[[File:Swindon with GW 'Star' 4-6-0 geograph-2896614-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg|thumb|No. 4025 - after the name ''Italian Monarch'' was removed in 1940]]
A third series of ten further locomotives appeared during 1909 (Swindon Lot 178), numbered 4021–4030 and named after British Kings. The framing for these had curved ends under the cab and over the cylinders. In June 1909, No. 4021 ''King Edward'' was built with a Swindon No. 3 superheater but the remainder had saturated steam boilers until 1910–13.<ref name=RCTS3>{{harvnb |le Fleming|1953 |p=H8}}</ref> ''King Edward'' notably hauled the [[funeral train]] for the [[funeral of King Edward VII]] on 20 May 1910; the mourners included nine kings and emperors, the largest number of crowned monarchs ever to travel in the same train.<ref>{{cite book |last=Maggs |first=Colin |date=2011 |title=The Branch Lines of Berkshire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7E2IAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT10 |location=Stroud, Gloucestershire |publisher=Amberley Publishing |page=10 |isbn=978-1848683471 }}</ref> The class were all renamed during 1927 to allow for their names to be used on the new [[GWR 6000 Class|King Class]]. Instead, they were given names of a country followed by the word 'Monarch' (e.g. ''The Norwegian Monarch''). However, several of the names relating to enemy countries were removed during the [[Second World War]] (1940-1). They were all withdrawn between 1934 and 1952.

===Queen series===
[[File:Goring Troughs 2 geograph-2459081-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg|thumb|No. 4034 ''Queen Adelaide'']]
A fourth series of ten further locomotives appeared during 1910 and 1911 (Swindon Lot 180). They were numbered 4031–4040 and named after British Queens. This series (and subsequent members of the class) were all built with a Swindon No. 3 superheater.<ref name=RCTS3 /> This series was fitted with new style {{convert|3500|impgal|abbr=on}} tenders. Two examples (No. 4032 ''Queen Alexandra'' and No. 4037 ''Queen Philippa'') were rebuilt as Castle class locomotives in 1926. The remainder were withdrawn by [[British Railways]] between 1950 and 1952.

===Prince series===
Five further locomotives appeared in 1913 (Swindon Lot 195). These were numbered 4041–4045 and named after the sons of King George V. No. 4041 was built with enlarged {{convert|15|x|26|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} diameter cylinders giving a [[tractive effort]] of {{convert|27800|lbf|kN|2|abbr=on}}. Once this was proved to be beneficial, this size gradually became the standard for the class, as they visited the works for their periodic overhaul.<ref name=RCTS3 /> The boilers were given top-feed apparatus which also later became standard for the whole class.<ref name=Nock2>{{harvnb |Nock |1980 |p=51}}</ref> The locomotives were all withdrawn by British Railways between 1950 and 1953.

===Princess series===
[[File:Reading (General) geograph-2428561-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg|thumb|No. 4049 ''Princess Maud'']]
The GWR experienced a substantial growth in long-distance passenger traffic immediately before the [[First World War]] requiring a further series of fifteen locomotives during the first six months of 1914 (Swindon Lot 199).<ref name=Nock3>{{harvnb |Nock |1980 |pp=51–2}}</ref> These were numbered 4046–4060 and named after British princesses. They were all built with {{convert|15|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} diameter cylinders and had improved boilers compared to the previous batch.<ref name=RCTS3 /> They also introduced an improved four-cone [[injector#Vacuum ejectors|vacuum ejector]] made necessary to improve braking on the increasingly long passenger trains.<ref name=Nock3 /> The locomotives were all withdrawn by British Railways between 1950 and 1957.

===Abbey series===
[[File:Basingstoke, with GW 'Star' 4-6-0 geograph-2896730-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg|thumb|4061 ''Glastonbury Abbey'']]
A final batch of twelve further locomotives appeared in 1922-1923 (Swindon Lot 217). These were numbered 4061–4072 and were named after famous Abbeys in the GWR territory. They were built with improved crank axles.<ref name=RCTS3 /> In 1937 Nos. 4063–4072 were all rebuilt as Castle Class locomotives, being renumbered 5083–5092 but retaining their original names. The remaining two locomotives were withdrawn by British Railways in 1956 and 1957.

==Trials==
The class was criticised in letters to [[The Engineer (UK magazine)|The Engineer]] for being expensive to build and maintain and Churchward was asked by his Directors to explain why 'the [[London and North Western Railway]] could build three 4-6-0 locomotives for the cost of two of his.' His response was 'Because one of mine could pull two of their bloody things backwards'.<ref name=Nock48>{{harvnb |Nock |1980 |p=48}}</ref> As a result, there were exchange trials proposed by Churchward with a [[LNWR Whale Experiment Class]] during August 1910 which vindicated the Star Class in terms of performance and coal consumption.

==Performance==
Members of the class performed well as passenger locomotives over all the long-distance routes of the GWR on the fastest express trains and those requiring the longest distance between stops. They gradually became displaced to secondary services by members of the [[GWR 4073 Class|Castle]] and [[GWR King Class|King]] classes in the late 1920s and 1930s. Survivors continued to perform well until the mid-1950s. The 4000 class became a template for two later famous GWR 4-cylinder 4-6-0 classes - the Castle and King Class.<ref name=RCTS5>{{harvnb |le Fleming|1953 |p=H4}}</ref> According to le Fleming "their performance was consistently of the highest standard and they were remarkable free-running engines which rarely suffered breakdown in service. ... No engines were more aptly named than the 'Stars.'"<ref name=RCTS6>{{harvnb |le Fleming|1953 |p=H10}}</ref>

==Modifications==
As already noted, between 1925 and 1940 Churchward's successor [[Charles Collett]] ordered fifteen examples to be dismantled and their parts used in the construction of new Castle class locomotives.
Throughout their careers the remainder of the class was subject to detailed modifications and improvements to their boilers, smokeboxes, and steam pipes so that "the only period when the appearance of the class was approximately uniform was from 1925 to 1927".<ref name=RCTS4>{{harvnb |le Fleming|1953 |p=H9}}</ref> {{convert|4000|impgal|abbr=on}} [[tender (rail)|tender]]s were also fitted from 1938 onwards.

==Preservation==
One example [[GWR 4000 Class 4003 Lode Star|No. 4003 ''Lode Star'']] has been preserved, after it was finally withdrawn in 1951, having covered 2,005,898 miles. The locomotive was preserved at [[Swindon railway works]] until 1962, then in the [[Museum of the Great Western Railway]] until transferred to the National Railway Museum in York in 1992, where it was a static non-working exhibit. In 2010 Lode Star was moved to Steam Museum in Swindon, as a static non-working exhibit. In November 2015, 4003 was moved back to the National Railway Museum.

In August 2022 the Great Western Society's ''4709 group'' bought the [[GWR 4073 Class 7027 Thornbury Castle|GWR 4073 Class 7027 ''Thornbury Castle'']], with the intention of using the boiler to recreate a [[GWR 4700 Class]]. A few days after the purchase the ''4709 group'' stated that ''Thornbury Castle's'' chassis and other components, and the boiler from [[GWR 2800 Class]] No. 2861, were to be used to recreate a GWR Star class locomotive, and eventually rebuilding it back into ''Thornbury Castle''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Perton |first=Paul |date=15 August 2022 |title=Breathing new life into Thornbury Castle — 4709 – The Ultimate British 2–8–0 |url=https://www.4709.org.uk/4709blog/breathing-new-life-into-thornbury-castle |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815173554/https://www.4709.org.uk/4709blog/breathing-new-life-into-thornbury-castle |archive-date=15 August 2022 |access-date=15 August 2022 |website=4709 – The Ultimate British 2–8–0 |language=en-US}}</ref> However, in September 2022, those plans were cancelled.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Holden |first=Michael |date=September 26, 2022 |title=Great Western Society to 'consider' offers for steam locomotive 7027 Thornbury Castle |url=https://www.railadvent.co.uk/2022/09/great-western-society-to-consider-offers-for-steam-locomotive-7027-thornbury-castle.html |access-date=2022-11-19 |website=RailAdvent |language=en-GB}}</ref> Decades earlier, there were plans to utilise the boiler from GWR 2800 Class No. 2873 into a replica Star Class at [[Tyseley Locomotive Works]], but those plans never came into fruition.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=1 February 2019 |title=Churchward '28XX' 2-8-0 No. 2873 |url=https://www.pressreader.com/uk/steam-railway-uk/20190201/282514364740225 |access-date=27 March 2025 |magazine=Steam Railway |via=www.pressreader.com}}</ref>

==List of locomotives==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! No. !! First name !! Second name !! Third name
! Date built !! Date withdrawn !! Notes
|-
| {{center|40<br/>4000}} || ''[[North Star]]'' || — || —
| {{dts|1906|apr}} || {{dts|1929|nov}} || Renumbered December 1912, rebuilt as [[GWR 4073 Class|Castle Class]] 4000
|-
| {{center|4001}} || ''[[Sirius|Dog Star]]'' || — || —
| {{dts|1907|feb}} || {{dts|1934|jan}} ||
|-
| {{center|4002}} || ''[[Venus|Evening Star]]'' || — || —
| {{dts|1907|mar}} || {{dts|1933|jun}} ||
|-
| {{center|[[GWR 4000 Class 4003 Lode Star|4003]]}} || ''[[wikt:lodestar|Lode Star]]'' || — || —
| {{dts|1907|feb}} || {{dts|1951|jul}} || Preserved at [[Museum of the Great Western Railway]], [[Swindon]]
|-
| {{center|4004}} || ''[[Venus|Morning Star]]'' || — || — 
| {{dts|1907|feb}} || {{dts|1948|apr}} || 
|-
| {{center|4005}} || ''[[Pole star|Polar Star]]'' || — || — 
| {{dts|1907|feb}} || {{dts|1934|nov}} ||
|-
| {{center|4006}} || ''Red Star'' || — || — 
| {{dts|1907|apr}} || {{dts|1932|nov}} ||
|-
| {{center|4007}} || ''Rising Star'' || ''[[Swallowfield Park]]'' || —
| {{dts|1907|apr}} || {{dts|1951|sep}} || Renamed May 1937
|-
| {{center|4008}} || ''[[Royal stars|Royal Star]]'' || — || — 
| {{dts|1907|may}} || {{dts|1935|jun}} ||
|-
| {{center|4009}} || ''[[Shooting star (astronomy)|Shooting Star]]'' || — || —
| {{dts|1907|may}} || {{dts|1925|apr}} || Rebuilt as [[GWR 4073 Class|Castle Class]] 4009
|-
| {{center|4010}} || ''Western Star'' || — || —
| {{dts|1907|may}} || {{dts|1934|nov}} ||
|-
| {{center|4011}} || ''[[Order of the Garter|Knight of the Garter]]'' || — || —
| {{dts|1908|mar}} || {{dts|1932|nov}} ||
|-
| {{center|4012}} || ''[[Order of the Thistle|Knight of the Thistle]]'' || — || —
| {{dts|1908|mar}} || {{dts|1949|oct}} ||
|-
| {{center|4013}} || ''[[Order of St. Patrick|Knight of St. Patrick]]'' || — || — 
| {{dts|1908|mar}} || {{dts|1950|may}} ||
|-
| {{center|4014}} || ''[[Order of the Bath|Knight of the Bath]]'' || — || —
| {{dts|1908|mar}} || {{dts|1946|jun}} ||
|-
| {{center|4015}} || ''[[Venerable Order of Saint John|Knight of St. John]]'' || — || —
| {{dts|1908|mar}} || {{dts|1951|feb}} ||
|-
| {{center|4016}} || ''[[Order of the Golden Fleece|Knight of the Golden Fleece]]'' || — || —
| {{dts|1908|apr}} || {{dts|1925|oct}} || Rebuilt as [[GWR 4073 Class|Castle Class]] 4016
|-
| {{center|4017}} || ''[[Order of the Black Eagle|Knight of the Black Eagle]]'' 
| ''Knight of Liège'' || ''Knight of Liége''
| {{dts|1908|apr}} || {{dts|1949|nov}} || Renamed August 1914; name adjusted {{circa|1925}} from French to Belgian spelling
|-
| {{center|4018}} || ''[[Knight Grand Cross|Knight of the Grand Cross]]'' || — || —
| {{dts|1908|apr}} || {{dts|1951|apr}} ||
|-
| {{center|4019}} || ''[[Knights Templar|Knight Templar]]'' || — || —
| {{dts|1908|may}} || {{dts|1949|oct}} ||
|-
| {{center|4020}} || ''[[Knight Commander]]'' || — || —
| {{dts|1908|may}} || {{dts|1951|mar}} ||
|-
| {{center|4021}} || ''King Edward'' || ''The British Monarch'' || ''British Monarch''
| {{dts|1909|jun}} || {{dts|1952|oct}} || Renamed June 1927 and October 1927
|-
| {{center|4022}} || ''King William'' || ''The Belgian Monarch'' || ''Belgian Monarch''
| {{dts|1909|jun}} || {{dts|1952|feb}} || Renamed June 1927 and October 1927, name removed May 1940
|-
| {{center|4023}} || ''King George'' || ''The Danish Monarch'' || ''Danish Monarch''
| {{dts|1909|jun}} || {{dts|1952|jul}} || Renamed July 1927 and October 1927, name removed November 1940
|-
| {{center|4024}} || ''King James'' || ''The Dutch Monarch'' || ''Dutch Monarch''
| {{dts|1909|jun}} || {{dts|1935|feb}} || Renamed September 1927 and November 1927
|-
| {{center|4025}} || ''King Charles'' || ''Italian Monarch'' || —
| {{dts|1909|jul}} || {{dts|1950|aug}} || Renamed October 1927, name removed June 1940
|-
| {{center|4026}} || ''King Richard'' || ''The Japanese Monarch'' || ''Japanese Monarch''
| {{dts|1909|sep}} || {{dts|1950|feb}} || Renamed July 1927 and November 1927, name removed January 1941
|-
| {{center|4027}} || ''King Henry'' || ''The Norwegian Monarch'' || ''Norwegian Monarch''
| {{dts|1909|sep}} || {{dts|1934|oct}} || Renamed July 1927 and November 1927
|-
| {{center|4028}} || ''[[John of England|King John]]'' || ''The Romanian Monarch'' || ''Romanian Monarch''
| {{dts|1909|sep}} || {{dts|1951|nov}} || Renamed July 1927 and November 1927, name removed November 1940
|-
| {{center|4029}} || ''[[Stephen of England|King Stephen]]'' || ''The Spanish Monarch'' || ''Spanish Monarch''
| {{dts|1909|oct}} || {{dts|1934|nov}} || Renamed July 1927 and November 1927
|-
| {{center|4030}} || ''[[Harold II of England|King Harold]]'' || ''The Swedish Monarch'' || ''Swedish Monarch''
| {{dts|1909|oct}} || {{dts|1950|may}} || Renamed July 1927 and November 1927, name removed November 1940
|-
| {{center|4031}} || ''[[Mary of Teck|Queen Mary]]'' || — || —
| {{dts|1910|oct}} || {{dts|1951|jun}} ||
|-
| {{center|4032}} || ''[[Alexandra of Denmark|Queen Alexandra]]'' || — || —
| {{dts|1910|oct}} || {{dts|1926|apr}} || Rebuilt as [[GWR 4073 Class|Castle Class]] 4032
|-
| {{center|4033}} || ''[[Queen Victoria]]'' || — || — 
| {{dts|1910|nov}} || {{dts|1951|jun}} ||
|-
| {{center|4034}} || ''[[Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen|Queen Adelaide]]'' || — || —
| {{dts|1910|nov}} || {{dts|1952|sep}} ||
|-
| {{center|4035}} || ''[[Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz|Queen Charlotte]]'' || — || —
| {{dts|1910|nov}} || {{dts|1951|oct}} ||
|-
| {{center|4036}} || ''[[Elizabeth I of England|Queen Elizabeth]]'' || — || — 
| {{dts|1910|dec}} || {{dts|1952|mar}} ||
|-
| {{center|4037}} || ''[[Philippa of Hainault|Queen Philippa]]'' || — || —
| {{dts|1910|dec}} || {{dts|1926|jun}} || Rebuilt as [[GWR 4073 Class|Castle Class]] 4037, renamed 'The South Wales Borderers'
|-
| {{center|4038}} || ''[[Berengaria of Navarre|Queen Berengaria]]'' || — || —
| {{dts|1911|jan}} || {{dts|1952|apr}} ||
|-
| {{center|4039}} || ''[[Empress Matilda|Queen Matilda]]'' || — || —
| {{dts|1911|feb}} || {{dts|1950|nov}} ||
|-
| {{center|4040}} || ''[[Boudica|Queen Boadicea]]'' || — || —
| {{dts|1911|mar}} || {{dts|1951|jun}} ||
|-
| {{center|4041}} || ''[[Edward VIII of the United Kingdom|Prince of Wales]]'' || — || —
| {{dts|1913|jun}} || {{dts|1951|apr}} || <!-- 4041–4046 named after the children of George V -->
|-
| {{center|4042}} || ''[[George VI of the United Kingdom|Prince Albert]]'' || — || —
| {{dts|1913|may}} || {{dts|1951|nov}} ||
|-
| {{center|4043}} || ''[[Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester|Prince Henry]]'' || — || —
| {{dts|1913|may}} || {{dts|1952|jan}} ||
|-
| {{center|4044}} || ''[[Prince George, Duke of Kent|Prince George]]'' || — || — 
| {{dts|1913|may}} || {{dts|1953|feb}} ||
|-
| {{center|4045}} || ''[[Prince John of the United Kingdom|Prince John]]'' || — || —
| {{dts|1913|jun}} || {{dts|1950|nov}} ||
|-
| {{center|4046}} || ''[[Mary, Princess Royal and Countess of Harewood|Princess Mary]]'' || — || — 
| {{dts|1914|may}} || {{dts|1951|nov}} ||
|-
| {{center|4047}} || ''[[Louise, Princess Royal and Duchess of Fife|Princess Louise]]'' || — || — 
| {{dts|1914|may}} || {{dts|1951|jul}} ||
|-
| {{center|4048}} || ''[[Princess Victoria of the United Kingdom|Princess Victoria]]'' || — || — 
| {{dts|1914|may}} || {{dts|1953|jan}} ||
|-
| {{center|4049}} || ''[[Maud of Wales|Princess Maud]]'' || — || — 
| {{dts|1914|may}} || {{dts|1953|jul}} ||
|-
| {{center|4050}} || ''[[Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone|Princess Alice]]'' || — || — 
| {{dts|1914|jun}} || {{dts|1952|feb}} ||
|-
| {{center|4051}} || ''[[Princess Helena of the United Kingdom|Princess Helena]]'' || — || —
| {{dts|1914|jun}} || {{dts|1950|oct}} ||
|-
| {{center|4052}} || ''[[Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom|Princess Beatrice]]'' || — || — 
| {{dts|1914|jun}} || {{dts|1953|jun}} ||
|-
| {{center|4053}} || ''[[Princess Alexandra, Duchess of Fife|Princess Alexandra]]'' || — || — 
| {{dts|1914|jun}} || {{dts|1954|jul}} ||
|-
| {{center|4054}} || ''[[Princess Charlotte of Prussia|Princess Charlotte]]'' || — || — 
| {{dts|1914|jun}} || {{dts|1952|feb}} ||
|-
| {{center|4055}} || ''[[Princess Sophia of Prussia|Princess Sophia]]'' || — || — 
| {{dts|1914|jul}} || {{dts|1951|feb}} ||
|-
| {{center|4056}} || ''[[Princess Margaret of Connaught|Princess Margaret]]'' || — || — 
| {{dts|1914|jul}} || {{dts|1957|oct}} ||Briefly seen at 'Mallingford' station in the 1953 Ealing Comedy film "[[The Titfield Thunderbolt]]"
|-
| {{center|4057}} || ''[[Princess Elisabeth of Hesse and by Rhine (1864–1918)|Princess Elizabeth]]'' || — || —
| {{dts|1914|jul}} || {{dts|1952|feb}} ||
|-
| {{center|4058}} || ''[[Princess Augusta of Cambridge|Princess Augusta]]'' || — || — 
| {{dts|1914|jul}} || {{dts|1951|apr}} ||
|-
| {{center|4059}} || ''[[Princess Patricia of Connaught|Princess Patricia]]'' || — || — 
| {{dts|1914|jul}} || {{dts|1952|sep}} ||
|-
| {{center|4060}} || ''[[Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg|Princess Eugenie]]'' || — || —
| {{dts|1914|jul}} || {{dts|1952|oct}} || 
|-
| {{center|4061}} || ''[[Glastonbury Abbey]]'' || — || —
| {{dts|1922|May}} || {{dts|1957|mar}} ||
|-
| {{center|4062}} || ''[[Malmesbury Abbey]]'' || — || — 
| {{dts|1922|May}} || {{dts|1956|nov}} ||
|-
| {{center|4063}} || ''[[Bath Abbey]]'' || — || —
| {{dts|1922|Nov}} || {{dts|1937|jun}} || Rebuilt as [[GWR 4073 Class|Castle Class]] 5083
|-
| {{center|4064}} || ''[[Reading Abbey]]'' || — || —
| {{dts|1922|Dec}} || {{dts|1937|apr}} || Rebuilt as [[GWR 4073 Class|Castle Class]] 5084
|-
| {{center|4065}} || ''[[Evesham Abbey]]'' || — || —
| {{dts|1922|Dec}} || {{dts|1939|jul}} || Rebuilt as [[GWR 4073 Class|Castle Class]] 5085
|-
| {{center|4066}} || ''[[Great Malvern Priory|Malvern Abbey]]''
|''[[Robert Horne, 1st Viscount Horne of Slamannan|Sir Robert Horne]]''
|''[[Robert Horne, 1st Viscount Horne of Slamannan|Viscount Horne]]''
| {{dts|1922|Dec}} || {{dts|1937|dec}} || Rebuilt as [[GWR 4073 Class|Castle Class]] 5086
|-
| {{center|4067}} || ''[[Tintern Abbey]]'' || — || —
| {{dts|1923|Jan}} || {{dts|1940|nov}} || Rebuilt as [[GWR 4073 Class|Castle Class]] 5087
|-
| {{center|4068}} || ''[[Llanthony Priory|Llanthony Abbey]]'' || — || —
| {{dts|1923|Jan}} || {{dts|1939|feb}} || Rebuilt as [[GWR 4073 Class|Castle Class]] 5088
|-
| {{center|4069}} || ''[[Margam Abbey]]'' || ''[[Westminster Abbey]]'' || —
| {{dts|1923|Jan}} || {{dts|1939|oct}} || Renamed 1923. Rebuilt as [[GWR 4073 Class|Castle Class]] 5089
|-
| {{center|4070}} || ''[[Neath Abbey]]'' || — || —
| {{dts|1923|feb}} || {{dts|1939|apr}} || Rebuilt as [[GWR 4073 Class|Castle Class]] 5090
|-
| {{center|4071}} || ''[[Cleeve Abbey]]'' || — || —
| {{dts|1923|feb}} || {{dts|1938|dec}} || Rebuilt as [[GWR 4073 Class|Castle Class]] 5091
|-
| {{center|4072}} || ''[[Tresco Abbey Gardens|Tresco Abbey]]'' || — || —
| {{dts|1923|feb}} || {{dts|1938|apr}} || Rebuilt as [[GWR 4073 Class|Castle Class]] 5092
|}

==Accidents and incidents==
*On 15 April 1923, locomotive No. 4048 ''Princess Victoria'' was hauling a freight train that was in a head-on collision with a passenger train, hauled by [[GWR 517 Class]] [[0-4-2T]] No. 215, at [[Curry Rivel]], [[Somerset]] due to a signalman's error. Nine people were injured.{{sfn|Vaughan|1989|pp=29-32}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{refbegin}}
* {{RCTS-LocosGWR-1|year=1968}}
* {{RCTS-LocosGWR-8|edition=1st}}
* {{cite book|last=Nock|first=O. S.|title=British Locomotives of the 20th Century Vol.1. |year=1983|publisher=Book Club Associates|location=London}}
* {{cite book|last=Nock|first=O. S.|title=The GWR Stars, Castles and Kings |year=1980|publisher=Book Club Associates|location=London}}
*{{cite book |last=Vaughan |first=Adrian |title=Obstruction Danger |year=1989 |publisher=Patrick Stephens Limited |location=Wellingborough |isbn=1-85260-055-1 }}
{{refend}}

== Models ==
Hornby produce an OO scale model of 4003 Lode Star.

== External links ==
{{Commons category|GWR 4000 Class}}
* [http://www.greatwestern.org.uk/m_in_str.htm 4000 'Star' class]

{{GWR Locomotives}}

[[Category:Great Western Railway locomotives|4000]]
[[Category:4-6-0 locomotives]]
[[Category:Railway locomotives introduced in 1907]]
[[Category:Standard-gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain]]
[[Category:2′C h4 locomotives]]
[[Category:Passenger locomotives]]