Editing GWR Star Class

{{about|the broad gauge locomotives|the later standard gauge 4-6-0s|GWR 4000 Class}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2015}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2015}}
{{more footnotes|date=December 2014}}
[[File:North Star Steam museum Swindon.jpg |thumb|right|''North Star'' replica (built in 1923 using some parts of the original) on display at Swindon, England, 2011]]
The [[Great Western Railway]] (GWR) '''Star Class''' of {{whyte|2-2-2}} [[broad gauge]] [[steam locomotive]]s were used for passenger train work. Designed by [[Robert Stephenson]], the class was introduced into service between November 1838 and November 1841, and withdrawn between April 1864 and September 1871.

A total of twelve Star Class locomotives were manufactured. Notably, they were given the romantic or colloquial (rather than scientific) names of astronomical bodies. By the time the last had been delivered, GWR engineer [[Daniel Gooch]] had designed and taken delivery of several of his larger [[GWR Firefly Class|Firefly Class]].

==''North Star'' and ''Morning Star''==
These two were built in 1836 by [[Robert Stephenson and Company|Robert Stephenson & Co.]] for the [[New Orleans Railway]], which had a gauge of {{Track gauge|66in|lk=on}}. That railway experienced financial difficulties, and was unable to accept them; Stephensons sold the locomotives to the GWR, altering the gauge to {{track gauge|7ft0.25in|lk=on}} before delivery, and in the case of ''North Star'', also fitting {{convert|7|ft|0|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} driving wheels in place of the original {{convert|6|ft|6|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} wheels.{{sfn|MacDermot|1927|p=714}}{{sfn|Reed|1953|pp=B4, B11–13}}
{{Infobox locomotive
|name=North Star
|image=North Star nameplate.jpg
|powertype=Steam
|whytetype=2-2-2
|driverdiameter={{convert|7|ft|0|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
|leadingdiameter={{convert|4|ft|0|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
|trailingdiameter={{convert|4|ft|0|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
|wheelbase={{convert|12|ft|4|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
|cylindersize={{convert|16|x|16|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}, <br> [[Bore (engine)|dia]] x [[Stroke (engine)|stroke]]
|operator=[[Great Western Railway]]
|operatorclass=Star
|gauge={{track gauge|7ft0.25in|lk=on}}
|designer=[[Robert Stephenson]]
|builder=[[Robert Stephenson and Company|R Stephenson & Co.]]
}}
* '''''North Star''''' (1837–1871)
:''North Star'' arrived at [[Maidenhead and Taplow railway station|Maidenhead Bridge station]] by barge on 28 November 1837; on 31 May 1838 it worked the inaugural train for the company's directors. In 1854 it was rebuilt with {{convert|16|x|18|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} cylinders and the [[wheelbase]] lengthened by {{convert|1|ft|mm|0}}. It was withdrawn in 1871 but kept at [[Swindon Works]] along with ''[[GWR Iron Duke class#Iron Duke class|Lord of the Isles]]'' until 1906, when both were dismantled. However, many parts were later recovered to build a replica.

:'The north star' is one of two common alternative names for [[Polaris]] (its other being 'the [[pole star]]'). It is the only visible polar star in either hemisphere, and has long been used for navigation due to its constant fixed and unmoving appearance due north in the night sky. The commercial park north of Swindon Station is called North Star after the engine and includes streets named North Star Avenue and Polaris Way.

* '''''Morning Star''''' (1839–1869)
:This, the second Star Class, was not delivered until 14 months after the ''North Star''. It had smaller {{convert|6|ft|6|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} wheels, as had been intended when it was constructed for the New Orleans Railway; the wheelbase was {{convert|12|ft|6|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}.

:Named after 'the morning star', the common periodic name for the planet [[Venus]] (at times the brightest object in the night sky) when seen in the eastern sky just before sunrise, its motion then appearing to "lead" the sun for many mornings.
{{clear}}

==Later locomotives==
{{Infobox locomotive
|name=Evening Star
|powertype=Steam
|whytetype=2-2-2
|driverdiameter={{convert|7|ft|0|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
|leadingdiameter={{convert|4|ft|0|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
|trailingdiameter={{convert|4|ft|0|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
|wheelbase={{convert|12|ft|5|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
|cylindersize={{convert|15|x|18|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}, <br> [[Bore (engine)|dia]] x [[Stroke (engine)|stroke]]
|operator=[[Great Western Railway]]
|operatorclass=Star
|gauge={{track gauge|7ft0.25in}}
|designer=[[Robert Stephenson]]
|builder=[[Robert Stephenson and Company|R Stephenson & Co.]]
}}
''North Star'' and ''Morning Star'' having proved successful (in contrast to [[Locomotives of the Great Western Railway#Isambard Kingdom Brunel (1835–1837)|those from other makers]] delivered between 1837 and 1840), Gooch ordered ten more from Stephensons to basically the same design as the first two; they were built in 1839–41, although there were variations in design.{{sfn|MacDermot|1927|pp=751–3}}{{sfn|Reed|1953|pp=B11–13}}
* '''''Bright Star''''' (1841–1864)
:A 'bright [[star]]' is one clearly visible in the night sky, and generally denotes one of a few that appear to shine more than most.
* '''''Dog Star''''' (1839–1869)
:After withdrawal, ''Dog Star'' was used as a stationary boiler at [[Paddington railway station|Paddington]]. Named after 'the dog star', the common name for [[Sirius]], brightest star in the night sky and found in the constellation ''[[Canis Major]]'' (Lat: 'greater dog', from whence Sirius' common name).
* '''''Evening Star''''' (1839–1871)
:Named after 'the evening star', the common periodic name for the planet [[Venus]] (at times the brightest object in the night sky) when seen in the western sky just before sunset, its motion then appearing to "follow" the sun for many evenings.
* '''''Lode Star''''' (1841–1870)
:A '[[Celestial navigation|lodestar]]' denotes any easily found star that is used to aid navigation (for example [[Polaris]]). Now an archaic term, in [[Middle English]] it meant 'course star' or 'lead star'.<ref name="mr">{{cite web
 | title=lodestar | work=Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary
 | publisher=Merriam-Webster
 | url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/lodestar
 | access-date=2009-10-13 }}</ref>
* '''''Polar Star''''' (1840–1870)
:This locomotive was built with {{convert|15+1/2|x|18|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} cylinders. It was rebuilt as a {{whyte|4-2-2|T}}. Its name is assisted with navigation: a ''[[Pole star|polar star]]'' is one that appears fixed and unmoving over the Earth's North or South Pole and is thus used for a guide. The only one visible is [[Polaris]] (aka. the Pole Star or North Star).
* '''''Red Star''''' (1840–1865)
:This locomotive was rebuilt as a 4-2-2T tank locomotive. Its name has no particular association with any specific star, although prominent red stars visible from the northern hemisphere include [[Aldebaran]], [[Arcturus]], [[Antares]] and [[Betelgeuse]].
* '''''Rising Star''''' (1840–1871)
:This locomotive had a {{convert|14|ft|6|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} wheelbase; at some time it was rebuilt as a 4-2-2T tank locomotive. On 7 September 1841 it ran over an [[earthslip]] near [[Chippenham railway station|Chippenham]], but the rest of the train (including ''[[GWR Firefly Class|Tiger]]'', coupled behind) was derailed. The locomotive's name reflected the company's status: a 'rising star' is the term for any star appearing to climb the sky (rather than moving low across the horizon), and is often used metaphorically to mean someone "new" whose reputation is increasing rapidly.
* '''''Royal Star''''' (1841–1871)
:This locomotive was built with {{convert|15+1/2|x|19|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} cylinders and a {{convert|12|ft|7|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} wheelbase. The four Persian '[[royal stars]]' are Aldebaran, Regulus, Antares and Fomalhaut, said to guard the four quarters of the annual night sky.<ref name=PersianRS>{{cite web
 |url=http://www.queenofcups.com/AR27article.htm 
 |title=''Persia's Royal Stars'' 
 |publisher=Atlantis Rising magazine, Issue #27, May–June 2001, in which it states "Antares guarded the west" 
 |access-date=2011-08-04 
 |url-status=dead 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715135017/http://www.queenofcups.com/AR27article.htm 
 |archive-date=15 July 2011 
 |df=dmy 
}}</ref>
* '''''Shooting Star''''' (1841–1871)
:This locomotive was rebuilt as a 4-2-2T tank locomotive. A 'shooting star' is the descriptive term for a [[meteor]].
* '''''Western Star''''' (1841–1866)
:This locomotive was built with {{convert|15+1/2|x|19|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} cylinders and a {{convert|12|ft|7|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} wheelbase. After withdrawal it was used as a stationary boiler at [[Oxford railway station|Oxford]]. Its name reflected the GWR's westerly direction: 'the western star' has no particular association with any specific star (although [[Antares]] was the quarter guardian of the western gate in Persian 'royal star' mythology).<ref name=PersianRS />

==Replica==
[[File:North Star photograph.jpg|thumb|right|''North Star'' replica (built in 1923 using some parts of the original) on display at Swindon, England, 2008]]
A non-working replica of ''North Star'' was constructed for the 1923 Cavalcade, and is now housed at [[Swindon Steam Railway Museum]].

It made use of some of the parts of the original ''North Star'', scrapped as recently as 1906, but is not capable of being steamed. Although it was featured in the railway's centenary film in 1935, it was pushed by another locomotive.

==References==
{{reflist}}

*{{cite book |last=MacDermot |first=E.T. |title=History of the Great Western Railway, vol. I: 1833–1863 |year=1927 |publisher=[[Great Western Railway]] |location=Paddington }}
* {{RCTS-LocosGWR-2|pages=B11–B13}}
* {{cite book| last=Sheppard| first=Geof| title=Broad Gauge Locomotives| publisher=Noodle Books| year=2008| location=Southampton| isbn=978-1-906419-09-7}}
* {{cite book| last=Waters| first=Laurence| title=The Great Western Broad Gauge| publisher=Ian Allan Publishing| year=1999| location=Hersham| isbn=0-7110-2634-3| url-access=registration| url=https://archive.org/details/greatwesternbroa0000wate| via=Archive.org}}

{{commons category|GWR Star Class}}
{{GWR Locomotives}}

[[Category:Great Western Railway locomotives|Star]]
[[Category:2-2-2 locomotives]]
[[Category:4-2-2 locomotives]]
[[Category:Broad gauge (7 feet) railway locomotives]]
[[Category:Early steam locomotives]]
[[Category:Steam locomotives of Great Britain]]
[[Category:Robert Stephenson and Company locomotives]]
[[Category:Railway locomotives introduced in 1837]]
[[Category:Passenger locomotives]]