Editing Galanthis

{{Short description|Mythical character}}
[[Image:Birth of Heracles by Jean Jacques Francois Le Barbier.jpg|thumb|right|250px|''Birth of [[Heracles]]'' by [[Jean Jacques Francois Le Barbier]].]]

In [[Greek mythology]], '''Galanthis''' or '''Galinthias''' ({{langx|grc|Γαλανθίς/Γαλινθιάς|Galanthís/Galinthiás}}) was the woman who interfered with [[Hera]]'s plan to hinder the birth of [[Heracles]] in favor of [[Eurystheus]], and was changed into a [[weasel]] or [[cat]] as punishment for being so insolent as to deceive the goddesses of birth that were acting on Hera's behalf.

== Mythology ==

=== Ovid's account ===
In the version followed by [[Ovid]] in ''[[Metamorphoses]]'', Galanthis was the red-gold haired servant of [[Alcmene]], who assisted her during the birth of [[Heracles]]. When Alcmene was in labor, she was having difficulty giving birth to a child so large. After seven days she called for assistance from [[Lucina (goddess)|Lucina]], the goddess of childbirth (that is, the Greek [[Eileithyia]]). However, Lucina did not help her due to the wishes of [[Hera]]. Instead, she clasped her hands and crossed her legs, preventing the child from being born. Alcmene struggled in pain, cursed the heavens, and became close to death. Galanthis noticed Lucina and deduced Hera's plans. She told the goddess that the baby was born; this so startled her that she jumped up and unclasped her hands. This freed Alcmene, and she was able to give birth. Galanthis laughed and ridiculed Lucina, and as a punishment was turned into a weasel or cat. She continued to live with Alcmene after her transformation, thus initiating the practice of weasels being kept as household animals.<ref>[[Ovid]], ''[[Metamorphoses]]'' 9.273-323</ref>

=== Antoninus' account ===
The account of [[Antoninus Liberalis]] makes Galinthias a daughter of the Theban [[Proetus]], and a playmate of Alcmene. In his version, Eileithyia and the [[Moerae]] came to Alcmene and held her tight to make her labor pains last longer, so as to please Hera. Galinthias confused them by telling that Alcmene had given birth by the will of [[Zeus]], and accordingly all the rites in honor of the birth goddesses had been cancelled. The goddesses were taken aback and loosened their grip so Alcmene delivered. The Moerae, enraged by the fact that a mortal was able to deceive them, changed Galinthias into a weasel, an animal that in ancient times was believed to conceive through the ear and give birth through the mouth via the curse of the scorned deities. [[Hecate]], however, took pity on Galanthis and [[Hecate#Sacred animals|took her in]] as one of her [[Familiar]]s, making the weasel one of her own sacred animals. 

When Heracles grew up, he built a sanctuary to Galinthias and sacrificed to her; the practice of honouring Galinthias in Thebes lasted down to late times.<ref>[[Antoninus Liberalis]], [https://topostext.org/work/216#29 29]</ref>

The myth of Galanthis is also briefly mentioned by [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]]: he recounts the [[Ancient Thebes (Boeotia)|Theban]] version of the story, which referred to the heroine as '''Historis''', called her a daughter of [[Tiresias]], and made no mention of her transformation. In this version, she deceived the female agents of Hera known as the Pharmacides ("Herbalists" or "Sorceresses") who had been keeping Alcmene from giving birth, by announcing the birth of the child, which made the Pharmacides leave and let Alcmene be delivered.<ref>[[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], 9.11.3</ref>

Martens and weasels were thought to have magical potency in ancient Greece, both of the beneficial and maleficent kind. They were also credited with causing labour pains to pregnant women if they ran past them, hence Galanthis' role in Alcmene's childbirth and transformation into a weasel.<ref>{{cite book | page = [https://books.google.com/books?id=cHt0DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA112 112] | last = Celoria | first = Francis | title = The Metamorphoses of Antoninus Liberalis: A Translation with a Commentary | publisher =  [[Routledge]] | date = 1992 | ISBN = 0-415-06896-7}}</ref>

==Popular culture==
* Gale appears as a character in [[Rick Riordan]]'s novels ''[[The House of Hades]]'' and ''[[Wrath of the Triple Goddess]]''.
* In the game, ''[[Hades II]]'' (the sequel to ''[[Hades (video game)|Hades]]''), "Gale" is the name of the [[Polecat]] [[Familiar]] of the goddess, Hecate, and is often seen at the Crossroads, alongside her fellow Familiar, Hecuba the Black Hound.  It is uncertain if Gale, here, is meant to be the same Galanthis the midwife at Heracles's birth, turned into a Polecat by Hera out of spite, or a former witch named [[Gale (mythology)|Gale]], who angered Hecate.  

== See also ==
* [[Young_Hercules#Episode_list|"The Head That Wears a Crown"]]
* [[Gale (mythology)|Gale]], a woman with similar name transformed into a polecat

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
* [[William Smith (lexicographer)|Smith, William]]; ''[[Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology]]'', London (1873). [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0104:entry=galinthias-bio-1&highlight=galanthis "Gali'nthias" ]
* [https://www.britannica.com/topic/Galinthias Galinthias]

{{Metamorphoses in Greco-Roman mythology}}
{{Weasels}}

[[Category:Mythology of Heracles]]
[[Category:Metamorphoses into animals in Greek mythology]]
[[Category:Weasels]]
[[Category:Women in Greek mythology]]
[[Category:Mythological mammals]]
[[Category:Metamorphoses characters]]
[[Category:Deeds of Hera]]
[[Category:Mythological cats]]