Editing Game of skill

{{Short description|Game where the outcome is determined primarily through skill rather than luck}}
[[File:Double portrait of a husband and wife by Jan Sanders van Hemessen.jpg|thumb|[[Backgammon]] is a game of skill. Strategy can give players advantages, but there is also an element of chance.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Solly |first1=Meilan |title=The Best Board Games of the Ancient World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/best-board-games-ancient-world-180974094/ |website=Smithsonian Magazine |access-date=25 February 2020 |language=en |archive-date=25 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225103425/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/best-board-games-ancient-world-180974094/ |url-status=live }}</ref>]]

A '''game of skill''' is a [[game]] where the outcome is determined mainly by mental or physical [[skill]], rather than chance.<ref>{{Cite web| title = The Dominance of Skill in Online Poker | author1=Jérôme Hergueux | author2 = Gabriel Smagghue | year = 2023 | publisher = International Review of Law and Economics, 74(2), pp. 106119 | url = https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0144818822000758}}</ref>
<ref name="city_Othe">{{Cite web| title = Other games of chance and skill on Albany's agenda| author = Dervishi, Kay| work = CSNY| date = 2019-06-18| access-date = 2018-06-25| url = https://www.cityandstateny.com/articles/policy/gambling/new-york-games-chance-and-skill.html| archive-date = 2021-05-18| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210518083130/https://www.cityandstateny.com/articles/policy/gambling/new-york-games-chance-and-skill.html| url-status = dead}}</ref>

Alternatively, a [[game of chance]] is one where its outcome is strongly influenced by some [[randomness|randomizing]] device, such as [[dice]], [[spinning top]]s, [[playing card]]s, [[roulette]] wheels, or numbered balls drawn from a container.

While a game of chance may have some skill element to it, chance generally plays a greater role in determining its outcome. A game of skill may also have elements of chance, but skill plays a greater role in determining its outcome.

Some commonly played games of skill and chance include: [[poker]], [[collectible card game]]s, [[contract bridge]], [[backgammon]] and [[mahjong]].<ref name="Carter2010">{{cite book|author=David Carter|title=Money Games: Profiting from the Convergence of Sports and Entertainment|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9OTnuMeqRoAC&pg=PA169|date=9 November 2010|publisher=Stanford University Press|isbn=978-0-8047-7679-0|pages=169–}}</ref>

Most games of skill also involve a degree of [[game of chance|chance]], due to natural aspects of the environment, a randomizing device (such as [[dice]], [[playing cards]] or a [[coin flip]]), or [[guessing game|guessing]] due to [[incomplete information]]. For many games where skill is a component alongside chance, such as card games like [[poker]] but also some physical games, the skills needed to play the game well include the calculation of [[probability|mathematical probabilities]] and the application of [[game theory]]. Game theory often leads to tactics such as [[Bluff (poker)|bluffing]] and other forms of [[deception]].

==Legal meaning==
The distinction between "chance" and "skill" has important legal implications in countries where games of chance are treated differently from games of skill. For instance, games of chance (such as lotteries) are often more heavily regulated by the state, if not prohibited altogether, in order to protect consumers from addiction issues. However, the legal distinction between games of skill and games of chance is often [[vague]], and varies widely from one jurisdiction to the next.<ref>{{Cite web| title = The Dominance of Skill in Online Poker | author1=Jérôme Hergueux | author2 = Gabriel Smagghue | year = 2023 | publisher = International Review of Law and Economics, 74(2), pp. 106119 | url = https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0144818822000758}}</ref>

In [[Germany]], whether a game is considered of skill has legal implications with respect to whether wagers on the game's outcome are considered [[gambling]] or not. For example, [[poker]] is legally considered a game of chance in Germany<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lds.sachsen.de/gluecksspiel/?ID=12356&art_param=825|title=Poker|access-date=2019-12-07|publisher=Administration of [[Saxony]]|archive-date=2021-06-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624081623/https://www.lds.sachsen.de/gluecksspiel/?ID=12356&art_param=825|url-status=live}}</ref> (thus only allowed in casinos), whereas a tournament of [[Skat (card game)|skat]] is considered a game of skill and competitions with money prizes are allowed.<ref name="SpapensSpapens2008">{{cite book|author1=A. C. Spapens|author2=Toine Spapens|author3=Alan Littler|author4=Cyrille Fijnaut|title=Crime, Addiction and the Regulation of Gambling|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=78rijh7zAtAC&pg=PA143|year=2008|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-17218-0|page=143}}</ref>  Alternatively, poker has been ruled by a United States federal judge as a game of skill<ref>{{Cite web| title = Poker, a Game of Skill, Is Not Truly Gambling, a Judge Rules| last = Secret| first = Mosi| work = [[The New York Times]]| date = 21 August 2012| access-date = 2018-06-25| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/22/nyregion/poker-is-more-a-game-of-skill-than-of-chance-a-judge-rules.html| archive-date = 2018-06-26| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180626001550/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/22/nyregion/poker-is-more-a-game-of-skill-than-of-chance-a-judge-rules.html| url-status = live}}</ref> rather than chance.

== Examples ==
[[File:PuzzleOfDexterity.jpg|thumb|A [[ball-in-a-maze puzzle]] requires fine motor skills.]]
{|class="toptextcells"
|<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦--->
* [[Boules]] ([[Boccia]]/[[Bowls]]/[[Pétanque]])
* [[Carrom]]
* [[Chess]]
* [[Coconut shy]]
* [[Cornhole]]
* [[Crokinole]]
* [[Darts]]
* [[Egg-and-spoon race]]
* [[Horseshoes (game)|Horseshoes]]
* [[Hopscotch]]
* [[House of cards]]
* [[Kubb]]
* [[Marble (toy)|Marbles]]
* [[Mikado (game)|Mikado]]
* [[Mölkky]]
|
* [[Musical chairs]]
* [[Nagelbalken]]
* [[Novuss]]
* [[Penny football]]
* [[Perplexus]]
* [[Shove ha'penny]]
* [[Shuffleboard]]
* [[Sport stacking]]
* [[Stone skimming]]
* ''[[Stoßpudel]]''
* [[Table shuffleboard]]
* [[Tag (game)|Tag]]
* [[Wire loop game]]
* [[Morabaraba]]
|}

== Games of skill requiring special equipment (selection) ==
* [[Air hockey]]
* [[Billiards]]
* [[Pinball machine]]
* [[Skee ball]]
* [[Snooker]]
* [[Table football]]
* [[Table ice hockey]]
* [[Whac-A-Mole]]

With the increasing spread of [[computer game]]s, a lot of [[software]] of this genre was also created. Originally, these were mainly so-called [[jump'n'run]] games. However, the range has long since expanded and now also includes games with a greater strategic component, for example the various [[Tetris]] variants. In contrast to the non-virtual skill game, which usually involves the entire body, eye-hand coordination is required here. Encouraging player responsiveness and imagination is controversial. Nevertheless, various online skill games and jump'n'run adventures also find a place in child psychotherapeutic work.<ref>Rainer Koch-Möhr: ''Computer in der Kinderpsychotherapie. Über den Einsatz von Computerspielen in der Erziehungsberatung''. In: ''Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie'', Year 47 (1998), Issue 6, pp. 416–425.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kostenlosspielen.net/artikel/computerspiele-zur-foerderung-der-kindlichen-entwicklung |title=''Computerspiele zur Förderung der kindlichen Entwicklung'' |access-date=2022-11-03 |archive-date=2022-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103090950/https://www.kostenlosspielen.net/artikel/computerspiele-zur-foerderung-der-kindlichen-entwicklung |url-status=live }}</ref>

==See also==
{{portal|Games}}
* [[Casino game]]
* [[Game of chance]]
* [[Game of dares]]
* [[Mind sport]]
* [[Matching game]]
* [[Memory sport]]
* [[Strategy game]]
* [[List of types of games]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category-inline}}

{{Types of games}}
{{Gambling}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Game of skill}}
[[Category:Game terminology]]
[[Category:Skills]]