Editing Garching

{{for|the place in Altötting district in Bavaria|Garching an der Alz}}
{{Infobox German location 
|type = Stadt
|name = Garching bei München
|image_coa = DEU Garching bei München COA.svg
|image_photo = LK6509-Garching-Süd-Luftbild.jpg
|image_caption = Garching
|image_plan = Garching in M.svg
|state = Bavaria
|regbzk = Upper Bavaria
|district = Munich
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 09184119
|area = 28.16
|elevation = 481
|coordinates = {{coord|48|15|N|11|39|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|postal_code = 85748
|area_code = 089
|licence = M
|mayor = Dietmar Gruchmann
|leader_term = 2020&ndash;26
|party = SPD
|website = {{url|https://www.garching.de/}}
}}

'''Garching bei München''' ({{IPA|de|ˈɡaʁçɪŋ baɪ̯ ˈmʏnçn̩|lang}}, ''Garching near Munich'') or '''Garching''' is a [[city]] in [[Bavaria]], near [[Munich]]. It is the home of several research institutes and university departments, located at [[Campus Garching]].

==History==
===Spatial urban planning=== 
[[File:Werner Heisenberg bust.jpg|thumb|upright|Bust of Heisenberg in his old age, on display at the [[Max Planck Society]] campus in Garching bei München]]
Garching was small Bavarian village, until the [[Free State of Bavaria]] decided to implement a technology and urban planning policy whereby [[science]] should be clustered north of [[Munich]]. This [[urban planning]] policy was in line with the principles advanced by the International Congress of Modernist Architects (CIAM) in the 1933 [[Athens Charter]]. Garching was redeveloped in three spatially separated parts, to cover the urban functions of industry, habitation, and research. In 1959 a new residential quarter for [[Max Planck Society]] employees was constructed. In 1960 the [[Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics]] was established in Garching.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Urban Machinery: Inside Modern European Cities | editor1= Mikael Hård | editor2= Thomas J. Misa |publisher= Mass. | year=2008 | isbn=9780262083690 | page=218}}</ref> 

In 1963 [[Technical University of Munich]] (TUM) published plans, whereby some TUM institutes would be moved to Garching.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Urban Machinery: Inside Modern European Cities | editor1= Mikael Hård | editor2= Thomas J. Misa |publisher= Mass. | year=2008 | isbn=9780262083690 | page=216}}</ref> The [[Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics]] and the [[Institute for Radiochemistry]] were both established in Garching in 1964. In 1966 the [[Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities]] established the [[Walther Meißner Institute for Low Temperature Research]] in Garching. In 1967 the TUM and the [[Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich]] (LMU) established a joint accelerator laboratory in Garching. In the same year the TUM moved its department of chemistry and its department of biology to Garching. The industry zone of Garching was built up in [[Garching-Hochbruck]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Urban Machinery: Inside Modern European Cities | editor1= Mikael Hård | editor2= Thomas J. Misa |publisher= Mass. | year=2008 | isbn=9780262083690 | page=218}}</ref> However, Garching only promoted itself as science city, by incorporating the local [[nuclear reactor]], affectionately known as "atomic egg", in the official coat of arms in 1967.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Urban Machinery: Inside Modern European Cities | editor1= Mikael Hård | editor2= Thomas J. Misa |publisher= Mass. | year=2008 | isbn=9780262083690 | page=219}}</ref>

After World War II the scientific publishing business started off slowly and had to be relaunched.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Heisenberg in the Atomic Age: Science and the Public Sphere | author1= Cathryn Carson |publisher=  Cambridge University Press | year=2010 | isbn=9780521821704 | page=137}}</ref> A photojournalist lamented, that "photographers would rather go visit the kampas, the dangerous natives on the banks of the [[Ucayali River]], than Professor [[Werner Heisenberg|Heisenberg]] in the [[Max Planck Institute]]."<ref>{{Cite book|title=Heisenberg in the Atomic Age: Science and the Public Sphere | author1= Cathryn Carson |publisher=  Cambridge University Press | year=2010 | isbn=9780521821704 | page=143}}</ref>

==Districts==
The town has four districts:
* Garching city
* Garching Hochbrück
* [[Campus Garching]] (University and Research Campus)
* Dirnismaning

==High-tech hub==
Garching is part of the [[Nordallianz]], a group of 8 towns and cities situated north of [[Munich]].

==Transport==
The town is at {{coord|48|15|N|11|39|E}}, near the river [[Isar]] and the [[A9 autobahn|Bundesautobahn 9]].

The [[Munich U-Bahn]] line U6 connects the city with the stations [[Garching-Hochbrück (Munich U-Bahn)|Garching-Hochbrück]], [[Garching (Munich U-Bahn)|Garching]] and [[Garching-Forschungszentrum (Munich U-Bahn)|Garching-Forschungszentrum]] (''Garching Science Campus'').

==University and research institutes==
{{Main|Campus Garching}}
Several research and scientific educational institutions are based in Garching, including:
*[[Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities]]
** [[Leibniz Supercomputing Centre]] (LRZ)
** [[Walther Meißner Institute]] (WMI)
* [[Technical University of Munich]] (TUM)
** [[TUM Department of Physics]]
** [[FRM-II]] [[research reactor]] 
** [[Walter Schottky Institute]] semiconductor physics and engineering 
** [[TUM Department of Chemistry]]
** [[TUM Department of Mechanical Engineering]]
** [[TUM Department of Mathematics]]
** [[TUM Department of Informatics]]
* Institutes of the [[Max Planck Society]] (MPG)
** [[Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics]] (MPA)
** [[Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics]] (MPE)
** [[Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics]] (IPP)
** [[Max Planck Institute for Quantum Optics]] (MPQ)
** [[Max Planck Computing and Data Facility]] (MPCDF)
* [[European Southern Observatory]] (ESO)
** [[ESO Supernova Planetarium & Visitor Centre]]
* Federal Research Institute for Food Chemistry (''Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Lebensmittelchemie'' DFA) 
* Bavarian Center of Applied Energy Research (ZAE)
* [[General Electric]] Global Research Center
* [[BMW M]] high-performance vehicle research and development

==Twin towns==
Garching bei München is [[town twinning|twinned]] with:
*[[Lørenskog]] ([[Norway]])
*[[Radeberg]] ([[Germany]])

==Sport==
The town's football club [[VfR Garching]], formed in 1921, experienced its greatest success in 2014 when it won promotion to the [[Regionalliga Bayern]] for the first time.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{commons category|Garching bei München}}
{{Cities and towns in Munich (district)}}

{{Authority control}}
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[[Category:Garching bei München| ]]
[[Category:Munich (district)]]